{
 "id": "source/majeed-islam-medicine-2005",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "majeed-islam-medicine-2005",
 "label": {
  "ar": "كيف غيّر الإسلام الطب — عظيم مجيد2005",
  "en": "How Islam changed medicine — Azeem Majeed2005",
  "ur": "اسلام نے طب کو کیسے بدلا — عظیم مجید2005"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "افتتاحية في BMJ تعد خيوط أمعاء الحيوان من تقنيات الزهراوي الجراحية؛ ليست دراسة تثبت الأولوية العالمية.",
  "en": "BMJ editorial crediting catgut sutures among al-Zahrawi's surgical developments; not a worldwide-priority investigation.",
  "ur": "بی ایم جے کی اداریاتی تحریر جو کیٹ گٹ ٹانکوں کو الزہراوی کی جراحی ترقی میں شمار کرتی ہے؛ عالمی اولینیت کی تحقیق نہیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "article",
  "title": "How Islam changed medicine: Arab physicians and scholars laid the basis for medical practice in Europe",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Majeed",
    "given": "Azeem"
   }
  ],
  "publisher": "BMJ331(7531), pp.1486–1487",
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     2005,
     12,
     24
    ]
   ]
  },
  "language": "en",
  "DOI": "10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1486",
  "URL": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1322233/",
  "open_access": true,
  "reliability_note": "Actual PMC article body read in integrated shared browser on6 November2026; citation metadata confirms24 December2005. BMJ direct403 and PMC cookie/EuropePMC fetch failures are not falsely reported as successful reading. Paragraph naming al-Zahrawi explicitly credits catgut sutures; broad editorial context is not direct examination of medieval manuscripts, a modern medical-material specification or proof of a universal first. Its cited references were not independently read here. Rephrase facts only, no article image/text reproduction.",
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b32",
   "source": "Actual PMC browser article and bibliographic metadata, not search synthesis"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-05",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}