{
 "id": "source/pascal-mactutor",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "pascal-mactutor",
 "label": {
  "ar": "باسكال — ماكتوتر: المثلث وتطور القوى",
  "en": "Pascal — MacTutor: triangle and later powers",
  "ur": "پاسکال — میک ٹیوٹر: مثلث اور بعد کی قوتیں"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "سيرة تنفي أولية باسكال في دراسة المثلث وتربط عمله عبر واليس بتعميم نيوتن.",
  "en": "Biography denying Pascal's firstness in studying the triangle and linking his work through Wallis to Newton's generalisation.",
  "ur": "مثلث کے مطالعے میں پاسکال کی اولیت نہیں کہتی اور والیس کے ذریعے نیوٹن کے تعمیم سے ربط بتاتی ہے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "article",
  "title": "Blaise Pascal",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "O'Connor",
    "given": "J. J."
   },
   {
    "family": "Robertson",
    "given": "E. F."
   }
  ],
  "publisher": "MacTutor History of Mathematics, University of St Andrews",
  "language": "en",
  "URL": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Pascal/",
  "open_access": true,
  "reliability_note": "Actual passage on Treatise on the Arithmetical Triangle, Pascal not first, Wallis/Newton and negative/fractional powers read. Not a complete Pascal biography reading or proof of Arabic-to-European transmission.",
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "github-copilot",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b98",
   "source": "Direct later-history passage read; mathematical analogy not converted into a diffusion edge. Source definition, not a derivative of Karaji's biography."
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-07",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}