{
 "id": "source/sep-umar-khayyam",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "sep-umar-khayyam",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عمر الخيام — موسوعة ستانفورد للفلسفة",
  "en": "Umar Khayyam — Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy",
  "ur": "عمر خیام — اسٹینفورڈ انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف فلاسفی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مدخل متعدد المؤلفين يصف صراحة صوت الخيام الفلسفي مسلماً، ويعرض في4.1 سلف المعادلات المكعبة وأشكالها الأربعة عشر وحدود حلولها.",
  "en": "Multi-author entry explicitly describing his philosophical voice as Muslim;4.1 explains cubic predecessors, fourteen forms and solution limits.",
  "ur": "مشترک مدخل ان کی فلسفیانہ آواز کو صراحت سے مسلم کہتا؛4.1 میں مکعبات کے پیش رو، چودہ صورتیں اور حل کی حدود ہیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "article",
  "title": "Umar Khayyam",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Mousavian",
    "given": "Seyed N."
   },
   {
    "family": "Sumner",
    "given": "Suzanne"
   },
   {
    "family": "Aminrazavi",
    "given": "Mehdi"
   },
   {
    "family": "Van Brummelen",
    "given": "Glen"
   }
  ],
  "publisher": "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy",
  "edition": "First published6 September2011; substantive revision18 April2023",
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     2023,
     4,
     18
    ]
   ]
  },
  "language": "en",
  "URL": "https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/umar-khayyam/",
  "open_access": true,
  "reliability_note": "Actual selected life/identity/philosophy passages, including2.7, and complete mathematics4.1 read; not entire long philosophical entry closely read. Actual footer verifies four authors and revision date. Section2.7 explicitly says he writes as a Muslim philosopher; interpretive contrast with poetic image is not decisive personal Sunni-madhhab testimony. Section4.1 distinguishes fourteen irreducible positive-coefficient cubic forms, earlier al-Mahani/al-Khazin/al-Layth work, conic methods, incomplete multiple-root treatment and later radical solutions. No claim that all roots, modern analytic geometry or unbroken European transmission were proved.",
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b33",
   "source": "Actual named-author entry, selected sections2.7/4.1 and publication footer; external HTML"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}