{
 "id": "source/surat-al-ard-ibn-hawqal-dar-maktabat-al-hayat-1992",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "surat-al-ard-ibn-hawqal-dar-maktabat-al-hayat-1992",
 "label": {
  "ar": "كتاب صورة الأرض لابن حوقل أبي القاسم النصيبي — منشورات دار مكتبة الحياة، بيروت، 1992م",
  "en": "Ibn Hawqal (Abu al-Qasim al-Nasibi), Kitab Surat al-Ard — Dar Maktabat al-Hayat, Beirut, 1992"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "نشرة دار مكتبة الحياة ببيروت ⁦(1992م)⁩ لكتاب ابن حوقل في قسمين، تعيد نص طبعة ليدن، مع مقدمة الناشر، ثم مقدمة المؤلف، ثم «صورة الأرض» والأقاليم: ديار العرب، وبحر فارس، والمغرب، والأندلس، وصقلية، ومصر، والشام، وبحر الروم، والجزيرة، والعراق، وخوزستان، وفارس، وكرمان، والسند، وأرمينية وأذربيجان والران، والجبال، والديلم وطبرستان، وبحر الخزر، ومفازة خراسان وفارس، وسجستان، وخراسان، وما وراء النهر، وخاتمة الكتاب.",
  "en": "Dar Maktabat al-Hayat's Beirut edition (1992) of Ibn Hawqal's book in two parts, reproducing the Leiden text, with the publisher's preface, the author's introduction, then 'the image of the earth' and the regions: Arabia, the Persian Sea, the Maghrib, al-Andalus, Sicily, Egypt, Syria, the Mediterranean, the Jazira, Iraq, Khuzistan, Fars, Kirman, Sind, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Arran, the Jibal, Daylam and Tabaristan, the Caspian, the desert of Khurasan and Fars, Sijistan, Khurasan, Transoxiana, and the conclusion."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "primary",
  "type": "book",
  "title": "كتاب صورة الأرض — ابن حوقل",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "ابن حوقل",
    "given": "أبو القاسم محمد النصيبي"
   },
   {
    "family": "Ibn Hawqal",
    "given": "Abu al-Qasim Muhammad al-Nasibi"
   }
  ],
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     1992
    ]
   ]
  },
  "edition": "منشورات دار مكتبة الحياة، بيروت، 1992م (حقوق الطبعة محفوظة للناشر)",
  "publisher": "دار مكتبة الحياة، بيروت",
  "language": "ar",
  "reliability_note": "Classical Arabic geography (author fl. 4th century AH), public domain; the publisher adds only a short preface. Copy used: harvest item geography/surat-ard-ibn-hawqal/surt-alardh (439 PDF pages, OCR text; a Bibliotheca Alexandrina copy holding both parts). Title pages PDF pp. 1–2, imprint p. 3 (1992), publisher's preface pp. 4–5, title with the alternative heading p. 6, author's introduction pp. 8–10, regions from p. 12 (Arabia p. 28, Persian Sea p. 51, Syria p. 158, Iraq p. 212, Khuzistan p. 229), contents pp. 437–438. The printed page numbers drift against the PDF because of unnumbered map plates (PDF 5 = printed 6, PDF 10 = printed 11, PDF 437 = printed 431), so ALL CITATIONS GIVE PDF PAGES. The publisher's statement that Ibn Hawqal took al-Istakhri's book and 'attributed it to himself' is the publisher's judgement, reported as such.",
  "open_access": true,
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "pd",
   "source": "Harvest item geography/surat-ard-ibn-hawqal/surt-alardh, title pages, preface, introduction and contents (PDF pp. 1–12, 437–438)",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker K)",
   "model": "claude-opus-5-5",
   "run": "ocr-harvest-2026-11-04"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/surat-al-ard-ibn-hawqal-dar-maktabat-al-hayat-1992"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker K)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}