{
 "id": "source/tdv-berid",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "tdv-berid",
 "label": {
  "ar": "البريد — موسوعة TDV الإسلامية (إبراهيم حركات)",
  "en": "BERÎD — TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (İbrahim Harekât)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مدخل «بريد» في موسوعة TDV الإسلامية التركية، ويتناول نظام البريد والاستخبارات في الدولة الإسلامية من عهد النبي والخلفاء الراشدين، وتنظيمه في الدولتين الأموية والعباسية، وفي الأندلس ودول الطولونيين والسامانيين والغزنويين والسلاجقة والأيوبيين والمماليك، وصولاً إلى البريد الحديث في الدولة العثمانية.",
  "en": "The TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi entry 'Berîd' (postal service). It covers the state postal and intelligence service from the time of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided caliphs, its organisation under the Umayyads and Abbasids, and its later forms in Andalusia, the Tulunids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Seljuks, Ayyubids and Mamluks, and the modern postal service adopted in the Ottoman state. The entry is by İbrahim Harekât."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "reference_data",
  "type": "web",
  "title": "BERÎD",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Harekât",
    "given": "İbrahim"
   }
  ],
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     1992
    ]
   ]
  },
  "publisher": "TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 5 (Istanbul, 1992), pp. 498–501; web edition",
  "URL": "https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/berid",
  "language": "tr",
  "reliability_note": "Read in full in the web edition on 3 November 2026. The entry's bibliography was not read for this record. Facts are rewritten in the museum's own words and cited by the entry's printed page range, which the web edition gives for the whole entry. The Arabic verse the entry quotes on the postal token is not reproduced here.",
  "open_access": true,
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-02",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}