{
 "id": "source/tdv-fikih",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "tdv-fikih",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الفقه — موسوعة TDV الإسلامية ⁦(حيرالدين كارامان، أحمد أوزَل، علي بارداقوغلو)⁩",
  "en": "FIKIH — TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Hayreddin Karaman, Ahmet Özel, Ali Bardakoğlu)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مدخل «فقه» في موسوعة TDV الإسلامية ⁦(المجلد 13، إسطنبول 1996، ص 1–27)⁩ في ثلاثة أجزاء: معنى الكلمة ومصادر الفقه وأدواره التاريخية وتقليد المذاهب وتخريج الفقهاء وترجيحهم، ثم أدب الفقه الكلاسيكي والمذهبي وفقه الإمامية والزيدية والإسماعيلية والظاهرية، ثم الفقه الحديث.",
  "en": "The TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi entry 'FIKIH' (vol. 13, Istanbul 1996, pp. 1–27), in three parts: the meaning of the word, its sources and historical periods, taqlid, the work of takhrij and tarjih among the schools, the classical and school literature with the Ja'fari, Zaydi, Ismaili and Zahiri books, and the modern period."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "reference_data",
  "type": "web",
  "title": "FIKIH",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Karaman",
    "given": "Hayreddin"
   },
   {
    "family": "Özel",
    "given": "Ahmet"
   },
   {
    "family": "Bardakoğlu",
    "given": "Ali"
   }
  ],
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     1996
    ]
   ]
  },
  "publisher": "TDV İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi, TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi, vol. 13 (Istanbul, 1996), pp. 1–27; web edition",
  "URL": "https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/fikih",
  "language": "tr",
  "reliability_note": "Read on 1 November 2026 in the web edition, three parts, printed pages from the entry's own 'numaralı sayfalarda' lines: Hayreddin Karaman pp. 1–14, Ahmet Özel pp. 14–22, Ali Bardakoğlu pp. 22–27. Read in full: the definitions, origins, periods, taqlid, the takhrij and tarjih works, and the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali and Ja'fari literature (Özel's part). Read in part: the Zaydi, Ismaili and Zahiri paragraphs (pp. 14–22, the first sentences of each) and the modern section (its opening paragraphs, pp. 22–27). Not read: the Ibadi paragraph and the modern bibliography, which are cited for names only where the entry names them. Facts are rewritten in the museum's own words; no sentence is quoted.",
  "open_access": true,
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}