{
 "id": "source/wikipedia-ma-hualong-zh",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "wikipedia-ma-hualong-zh",
 "label": {
  "en": "Ma Hualong — Chinese Wikipedia"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مقالة ويكيبيديا الصينية عن ما هوالونغ؛ تُستخدم لوقائع الكيان فقط. تذكر أنه كان في شبابه أهونغًا (إمامًا)، ولُقّب بـ«السيد الثالث عشر» (十三太爷) في سلسلة الجهرية، وكان كبير معلّمي (大教主) الطريقة الجهرية، وتحمل اسم طريقه الصوفي «طابرة الله»، وتؤرّخ إعدامه ذبحًا بطيئًا مع ابنه ما ياوبانغ في ووچونغ سنة 1871 بعد استسلامه في كانون الثاني من تلك السنة.",
  "en": "Chinese Wikipedia article on Ma Hualong; used for entity facts only. It records that in his early years he was an ahong, was known as the 'Thirteenth Master' (Shisan Taiye) in the Jahriyya transmission, was grand jiaozhu of the Jahriyya, and bore the Sufi path-name Tabirat Allah; it dates his execution by slow slicing, with his son Ma Yaobang, at Wuzhong in 1871 after his surrender in January of that year."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "reference_data",
  "type": "web",
  "title": "馬化龍",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Wikipedia contributors",
    "given": ""
   }
  ],
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     2026,
     10,
     5
    ]
   ]
  },
  "publisher": "Wikipedia (Chinese), revision 94780522 of 5 October 2026",
  "URL": "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8C%96%E9%BE%8D",
  "language": "zh",
  "reliability_note": "Pointer for entity facts only (Wikipedia rule, AGENTS.md): a fact is used only where the article cites a source for it. Read in full on 27 October 2026, fetched through the MediaWiki API by its recorded revision id with the returned id asserted equal. An independent Chinese tradition, not a translation of the English article: it cites a Ningxia government page (2008), Li Enhan's study of the Tongzhi-era campaigns and Huang Zhenglin (2008) for the massacres at Lingzhou, and the Encyclopaedia of Islam Three entry for his path-name. Its birth–death filing gives the year 1810 and lunar-style days (15 December; 13 January) that its own text, which dates his surrender and execution by the Chinese lunar calendar (Tongzhi 9/11/16 and 10/1/13), does not support as Gregorian days; the days are not followed. Its categories file him under the Jahriyya （哲合忍耶）; categories are filings, not attestation.",
  "open_access": true,
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}