{
 "id": "source/zahrawi-spink-lewis-1973",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "zahrawi-spink-lewis-1973",
 "label": {
  "ar": "جراحة الزهراوي — سبنك ولويس1973",
  "en": "Al-Zahrawi's surgery — Spink and Lewis1973",
  "ur": "الزہراوی کی جراحی — سپنک و لوئیس1973"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "نص عربي وترجمة إنجليزية وتعليق؛ قرئت مقاطع باب مجارد الأسنان29 وصفحات272–275، لا الكتاب كله.",
  "en": "Arabic text, English translation and commentary; selected dental-scraper chapter29 passages and272–275 inspected, not the whole volume.",
  "ur": "عربی متن، انگریزی ترجمہ اور تعلیق؛ دانتوں کے مجارد کا باب29 اور272–275 کے منتخب حصے دیکھے، پوری جلد نہیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "primary",
  "type": "book",
  "title": "Albucasis On Surgery and Instruments: A Definitive Edition of the Arabic Text with English Translation and Commentary",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "al-Zahrawi",
    "given": "Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn Abbas"
   }
  ],
  "edition": "Arabic text, English translation and commentary by M. S. Spink and G. L. Lewis; first published1973, copyright1972",
  "publisher": "The Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine, London",
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     1973
    ]
   ]
  },
  "language": "en",
  "URL": "https://archive.org/details/on-surgery-and-instruments-albucasis-a-definitive-edition-of-the-arabic-text-eng",
  "open_access": true,
  "reliability_note": "Actual public865-page reader/full text opened sequentially in shared browser, not API/curl or a loan. Title/imprint checked. Surgical Book2 chapter29 translated272/274 and editorial272 read;272 and Arabic275 visually checked.275 shows Marsh scraper profiles; figure65 identified by text/commentary. Editors distinguish Huntington fluted/serrated handles from Marsh smooth handles; handedness is their hypothesis. Their assessment that scaling is absent in classical writings/original is attributed, not independently established worldwide priority. Only selected Arabic visible text/figures inspected, not manuscript collation or whole-book reading; chapter30 opening incidentally read, not whole chapter. Not modern clinical validation or a licensed reusable1973 plate; operative instructions omitted.",
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b42",
   "source": "Selected actual browser primary/editorial passages and inspected page images; source text/screenshots outside git"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}