{
 "id": "source/zarqali-mactutor",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "zarqali-mactutor",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الزرقالي — ماكتوتر",
  "en": "Al-Zarqali — MacTutor",
  "ur": "الزرقالی — میک ٹیوٹر"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "سيرة علمية تصنف الزرقالي مسلماً وتشرح تمثيل عطارد البيضاوي وتحذر من المبالغة بمقارنته بكبلر.",
  "en": "Mathematical biography explicitly identifying al-Zarqali as Muslim, discussing Mercury's oval and warning against the exaggerated Kepler comparison.",
  "ur": "علمی سوانح جو الزرقالی کو صراحتاً مسلم کہتی، عطارد کی بیضوی صورت اور کیپلر سے مبالغہ آمیز موازنے کی حد بیان کرتی ہے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "website",
  "title": "Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Yahya al-Zarqali",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "O'Connor",
    "given": "J. J."
   },
   {
    "family": "Robertson",
    "given": "E. F."
   }
  ],
  "publisher": "MacTutor History of Mathematics, University of St Andrews",
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     2022,
     3
    ]
   ]
  },
  "language": "en",
  "URL": "https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Zarqali/",
  "open_access": true,
  "reliability_note": "Read the actual summary, selected biographical/technical paragraphs, complete Mercury-oval discussion and closing attribution/update,2026-11-06. The oval concerns the centre of Mercury's epicycle within inherited planetary geometry, not a heliocentric orbital law. The authors explicitly reject an exaggerated500-years-before-Kepler headline. Birth/departure details differ from other accounts; no new exact construction city or unrelated life-date correction is based on this page. References quoted in the biography were not independently read.",
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b27",
   "source": "Actual authored university biography, selected relevant passages and metadata, not search synthesis"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-05",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}