{
 "id": "work/charge-to-amr-ibn-hazm",
 "class": "work",
 "slug": "charge-to-amr-ibn-hazm",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عهد النبي إلى عمرو بن حزم حين بعثه إلى اليمن",
  "en": "The Prophet's written charge to Amr ibn Hazm on sending him to Yemen"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "كتاب عهد كتبه النبي لعمرو بن حزم حين بعثه إلى بني الحارث بن كعب: يأمره بتقوى الله والأخذ بالحق وتبشير الناس وتعليم القرآن وألا يمس القرآن إلا طاهر، واللين في الحق والشدة في الظلم، وتعليم معالم الحج (الحج الأكبر والأصغر وهو العمرة)، والنهي عن الصلاة في ثوب واحد صغير وعن الاحتباء المكشوف وعن عقص الشعر وعن الدعاء إلى القبائل والعشائر عند الهيج، والأمر بإسباغ الوضوء ومواقيت الصلوات الخمس والجمعة والغسل لها، وخمس المغانم، وفرائض الصدقة في الزرع والإبل والبقر والغنم، وحكم من أسلم من اليهود والنصارى ومن بقي على دينه وعليه دينار وافٍ على كل حالم أو عوضه ثياباً.",
  "en": "A written charge the Prophet gave Amr ibn Hazm when sending him to Banu al-Harith ibn Ka'b: fear God, take what is right, give good tidings, teach the Qur'an which none may touch but the pure, be gentle in right and severe against wrong, teach the rites of the greater hajj and the lesser (the umra), forbid praying in one small garment, sitting wrapped with the private parts exposed, braiding the hair at the nape, and tribal rallying-cries in strife; order full ablution, the five prayers at their times, Friday and its bath, the fifth of booty and the sadaqa rates on crops, camels, cattle and sheep, with the rule for Jews and Christians who convert and for those who keep their faith and owe a full dinar per adult or its value in cloth."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "worship-and-the-pillars",
  "zakat-and-sadaqa",
  "non-muslim-minorities-under-muslim-rule",
  "law-and-courts"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 631.9985352197514,
  "latest": 632.0834103369361
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "0632-01~",
   "hijri": "0010-11~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "حين بعثه بعد رجوع وفد بني الحارث (ص241).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "charter",
  "genre": [
   "charter"
  ],
  "made": {
   "by_muslims": true,
   "basis": "unverified",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  "language": "language/arabic",
  "composed": {
   "edtf": "0632-01~",
   "hijri": "0010-11~",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "month",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "حين بعثه بعد رجوع وفد بني الحارث (ص241).",
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 pp. 241-243",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-9c"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa",
   "source/ibn-hajar-isaba"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Fable 5.1; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 pp. 241-243"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "كتاب كتبه النبي [[person/amr-ibn-hazm|لعمرو بن حزم]] حين بعثه إلى اليمن، عهد إليه فيه عهده وأمره فيه بأمره؛ انظر [[event/mission-of-amr-ibn-hazm-to-najran|بعث عمرو بن حزم]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/241}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الافتتاح والوصايا العامة",
     "markdown": "يفتتح بالبسملة ثم: هذا بيان من الله ورسوله، ويستشهد بآية [[passage/quran-5-1|المائدة 1]] في الوفاء بالعقود، ثم: عهد من محمد النبي رسول الله لعمرو بن حزم حين بعثه إلى اليمن. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/241} يأمره بتقوى الله في أمره كله، وأن يأخذ بالحق كما أمره الله، ويبشّر الناس بالخير ويأمرهم به، ويعلّم الناس القرآن ويفقههم فيه، وينهى الناس فلا يمس القرآن إنسان إلا وهو طاهر، ويخبر الناس بالذي لهم والذي عليهم، ويلين للناس في الحق ويشتد عليهم في الظلم، فإن الله كره الظلم ونهى عنه، ويستشهد بآية [[passage/quran-11-18|هود 18]]، ويبشّر الناس بالجنة وعملها وينذرهم النار وعملها، ويستألف الناس حتى يفقهوا في الدين. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/241} {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحج والصلاة واللباس",
     "markdown": "يأمره أن يعلّم الناس معالم [[practice/hajj|الحج]] وسنته وفريضته، والحج الأكبر هو الحج، والحج الأصغر هو العمرة. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} وينهى أن يصلي أحد في ثوب واحد صغير إلا أن يكون ثوباً يثني طرفيه على عاتقيه، وأن يحتبي أحد في ثوب واحد يُفضي بفرجه إلى السماء، وأن يعقص أحد شعر رأسه في قفاه. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} وينهى إذا كان بين الناس هيج عن الدعاء إلى القبائل والعشائر، وليكن دعاؤهم إلى الله وحده، فمن دعا إلى القبائل والعشائر فليُقطفوا بالسيف حتى تكون دعواهم إلى الله وحده. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} ويأمر بإسباغ الوضوء: الوجوه والأيدي إلى المرافق والأرجل إلى الكعبين ومسح الرؤوس، و[[practice/salah|بالصلاة]] لوقتها وإتمام الركوع والسجود والخشوع: يُغلَّس بالصبح، ويُهجَّر بالظهر حين تميل الشمس، والعصر والشمس في الأرض مدبرة، والمغرب حين يقبل الليل لا يؤخر حتى تبدو النجوم، والعشاء أول الليل؛ وبالسعي إلى الجمعة إذا نودي لها والغسل عند الرواح إليها. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} ويثبت المحققون أن كلمة «السجود» ساقطة في إحدى النسخ. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المغانم والصدقة والجزية",
     "markdown": "يأمره أن يأخذ من المغانم خمس الله، وما كُتب على المؤمنين في الصدقة من العقار: العشر فيما سقت العين والسماء ونصف العشر فيما سقي بالدلو؛ وفي كل عشر من الإبل شاتان وفي كل عشرين أربع شياه، وفي كل أربعين من البقر بقرة وفي كل ثلاثين تبيع جذع أو جذعة، وفي كل أربعين من الغنم السائمة شاة، فإنها فريضة الله على المؤمنين في [[practice/zakat|الصدقة]]، فمن زاد خيراً فهو خير له. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} ومن أسلم من يهودي أو نصراني إسلاماً خالصاً من نفسه ودان بدين الإسلام فهو من المؤمنين له مثل ما لهم وعليه مثل ما عليهم؛ ومن كان على نصرانيته أو يهوديته فإنه لا يُرد عنها، وعلى كل حالم ذكر أو أنثى، حر أو عبد، دينار وافٍ أو عوضه ثياباً [[concept/jizya|جزية]]؛ فمن أدّى ذلك فله ذمة الله وذمة رسوله، ومن منع ذلك فهو عدو لله ولرسوله وللمؤمنين جميعاً. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/243}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ملاحظة",
     "markdown": "ينقل ابن إسحاق نص العهد كاملاً في صفحتين، ويُحفظ هنا بيانه بكلمات المتحف؛ وفرائض الإبل فيه تختلف في صياغتها عن كتاب حمير (شاتان في كل عشر وأربع في كل عشرين). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/236} ويذكر ابن حجر أن ابنه محمداً روى عنه كتاباً فيه الفرائض والزكاة والديات أخرجه أبو داود والنسائي وغيرهما. {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1095}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "work/charge-to-amr-ibn-hazm",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "A letter the Prophet wrote to [[person/amr-ibn-hazm|Amr ibn Hazm]] when he sent him to Yemen, setting out his charge and the instructions he was to follow. See [[event/mission-of-amr-ibn-hazm-to-najran|the sending of Amr ibn Hazm]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/241}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Opening and general counsel",
     "markdown": "It opens with the basmala, then states: this is a declaration from God and His Messenger, and it cites the verse [[passage/quran-5-1|al-Ma'ida 1]] on fulfilling contracts. Then: a charge from Muhammad the Prophet, Messenger of God, to Amr ibn Hazm when he sent him to Yemen. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/241} He orders him to fear God in all his affairs, to act with the truth as God commanded him, to bring good news to people and command them to it, to teach people the Qur'an and give them understanding of it, and to forbid people from touching the Qur'an unless they are in a state of purity. He is to tell people what is theirs and what is due from them, to be gentle with people in matters of truth and firm with them against injustice, for God dislikes injustice and forbids it. He cites the verse [[passage/quran-11-18|Hud 18]], and he is to give people good news of Paradise and its deeds, warn them of the Fire and its deeds, and win people over until they understand the religion. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/241} {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Pilgrimage, prayer and dress",
     "markdown": "He orders him to teach people the rites and the sunna and the obligations of [[practice/hajj|the pilgrimage]]; the greater pilgrimage is the hajj, and the lesser is the umra. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} He forbids anyone to pray in a single small garment, unless it is a garment whose two ends are wrapped over the shoulders, and forbids anyone to sit wrapped in a single garment with the private parts exposed, or to tie up the hair of the head at the back. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} When there is unrest among people, he forbids calling to tribes and clans; their call should be to God alone, and whoever calls to tribes and clans is to be struck with the sword until their call is to God alone. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} He orders complete ablution: the face and hands up to the elbows, the feet up to the ankles, and wiping the head; and [[practice/salah|the prayer]] at its time, with full bowing, prostration and humility: the dawn prayer is performed in the early dark, the midday prayer is delayed when the sun declines, the afternoon prayer is performed while the sun is still in the sky, the sunset prayer is performed when night comes and is not delayed until the stars appear, and the night prayer at the start of the night. He also orders going to the Friday prayer when called to it, and washing before going to it. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} The editors confirm that the word \"prostration\" is missing in one of the copies. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Spoils, alms and tribute",
     "markdown": "He orders him to take the fifth of the spoils that belongs to God, and the alms due from the believers on produce: a tenth of what is watered by springs or rain, and half a tenth of what is watered by bucket. For every ten camels there are two sheep, for every twenty there are four sheep; for every forty cattle there is one cow, and for every thirty a yearling bull; for every forty free-grazing sheep there is one sheep. This is God's obligation on the believers for [[practice/zakat|alms]], and whoever gives more has done better. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} Whoever among Jews or Christians embraces Islam sincerely, and follows the religion of Islam, is among the believers, with the same rights and duties as they have; whoever keeps to his Christianity or Judaism is not turned from it. Every adult, male or female, free or slave, owes a full dinar, or its equivalent in cloth, as [[concept/jizya|tribute]]. Whoever pays it has the protection of God and His Messenger; whoever refuses is an enemy of God, His Messenger and all the believers. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/243}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Note",
     "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq gives the whole text of the charge over two pages. The museum records its content in its own words. The camel rates in it are worded differently from those in the letter of Himyar (two sheep for every ten camels and four for every twenty). {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/242} {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/236} Ibn Hajar reports that his son Muhammad transmitted from him a book containing the obligations, the alms and the blood-money, which Abu Dawud, al-Nasa'i and others recorded. {cite:ibn-hajar-isaba p.1095}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "work/charge-to-amr-ibn-hazm",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [],
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 ],
 "related": [
  "event/mission-of-amr-ibn-hazm-to-najran",
  "person/amr-ibn-hazm",
  "work/letter-to-the-kings-of-himyar",
  "concept/dhimma",
  "concept/jizya",
  "event/battle-of-fihl",
  "event/battle-of-the-trench",
  "event/conquest-of-antioch"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}