{
 "id": "work/decorative-tiles-of-north-africa",
 "class": "work",
 "slug": "decorative-tiles-of-north-africa",
 "label": {
  "ar": "البلاطات الزخرفية في شمال أفريقيا",
  "en": "The Decorative Tiles of North Africa",
  "ur": "شمالی افریقہ کی آرائشی ٹائلیں"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "كراسة لركسفورد نيوكومب (1929) عن عمارة المغرب الكبير وبلاطاته الخزفية، من مآذن القيروان وتلمسان إلى الزليج في فاس ومكناس {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.16} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.21}.",
  "en": "A 1929 monograph by Rexford Newcomb on Maghrebi architecture and its ceramic tiles, from the minarets of Kairouan and Tlemcen to the zellij of Fez and Meknes {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.16} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.21}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "objects",
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "architecture",
  "mosques"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1928.999842570347,
  "latest": 1929.9991786278663
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1929",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "sources": [
    "source/newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "other",
  "languages": [
   "en"
  ],
  "composed": {
   "edtf": "1929",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "sources": [
    "source/newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929"
   ]
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Newcomb 1929, printed pp. 9-30",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H)",
   "model": "claude-opus-5-5",
   "run": "ocr-harvest-2026-11-04"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "«البلاطات الزخرفية في شمال أفريقيا» كراسة لـ[[person/rexford-newcomb|ركسفورد نيوكومب]] أستاذ تاريخ العمارة في جامعة إلينوي، وهي الرقم 7 من سلسلة «دراسات معمارية في البلاط وأعماله» التي نشرتها رابطة صانعي البلاط في نيويورك سنة 1929م. {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.1}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مضمونها",
     "markdown": "تبدأ بمقدمة تاريخية عن الفتح العربي لشمال أفريقيا وجغرافية بلاده الأربعة، ثم تصف العمارة المغربية التي يراها مدرسة قائمة بين عمارة مصر والأندلس، بأفنيتها وفوّاراتها ومآذنها المربعة، ثم الخزف في [[building/jami-qayrawan|القيروان]] و[[place/tlemcen|تلمسان]]، فـ[[concept/zellij|الزليج]] في فاس ومكناس، فالبلاط في تونس والجزائر، وتختم بقائمة مراجع. {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.5} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.9} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.13} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.18} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.21} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.25} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.31}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "طابعها",
     "markdown": "تعتمد الكراسة كثيراً على ريفويرا وميجون وسالادان ومارسيه وبل وغالوتي، وتنقل عنهم مطولاً، وكُتبت لجمهور المعماريين الأمريكيين، وتختم بدعوة المعماري المعاصر إلى التعلم من الجمع بين الآجر والحجر والجص والبلاط. {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.30} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.31}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "work/decorative-tiles-of-north-africa",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [],
    "status": {
     "review": "published"
    },
    "provenance": {
     "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H)",
     "model": "claude-opus-5-5",
     "run": "ocr-harvest-2026-11-04",
     "source": "source/newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929, pp. 3-30"
    }
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-04"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "*The Decorative Tiles of North Africa* is a monograph by [[person/rexford-newcomb|Rexford Newcomb]], professor of the history of architecture at the University of Illinois, published in 1929 by Associated Tile Manufacturers of New York as no. 7 of its series Architectural Monographs on Tiles and Tilework. {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.1}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Contents",
     "markdown": "It opens with a historical introduction on the Arab conquest of North Africa and the geography of its four countries, describes Maghrebi architecture, which it treats as a school standing between that of Egypt and al-Andalus, with its courts, fountains and square minarets, then the ceramics of [[building/jami-qayrawan|Kairouan]] and [[place/tlemcen|Tlemcen]], the [[concept/zellij|zellij]] of Fez and Meknes, and the tiles of Tunisia and Algeria, closing with a bibliography. {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.5} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.9} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.13} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.18} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.21} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.25} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.31}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Character",
     "markdown": "It leans heavily on Rivoira, Migeon, Saladin, the Marçais brothers, Bel and Gallotti, quoting them at length, and was written for American architects, ending with an invitation to the modern architect to learn from the Maghreb's combinations of brick, stone, stucco and tile. {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.30} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.31}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "work/decorative-tiles-of-north-africa",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H), translation"
    ],
    "status": {
     "review": "published"
    },
    "provenance": {
     "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H)",
     "model": "claude-opus-5-5",
     "run": "ocr-harvest-2026-11-04",
     "source": "source/newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929, pp. 3-30"
    }
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-04"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "«شمالی افریقہ کی آرائشی ٹائلیں» یونیورسٹی آف الینوائے میں تاریخِ فنِ تعمیر کے استاد [[person/rexford-newcomb|ریکسفورڈ نیوکومب]] کا رسالہ ہے، جو نیویارک کی ایسوسی ایٹڈ ٹائل مینوفیکچررز نے 1929ء میں «ٹائلوں اور ٹائل کاری پر تعمیراتی رسائل» کے سلسلے کے شمارہ 7 کے طور پر شائع کیا۔ {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.1}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مضامین",
     "markdown": "یہ شمالی افریقہ کی عرب فتح اور اس کے چار ملکوں کے جغرافیے پر تاریخی تعارف سے شروع ہوتا ہے، پھر مغربی فنِ تعمیر کو، جسے یہ مصر اور اندلس کے درمیان ایک الگ مکتب سمجھتا ہے، اس کے صحنوں، فواروں اور مربع میناروں سمیت بیان کرتا ہے، پھر [[building/jami-qayrawan|قیروان]] اور [[place/tlemcen|تلمسان]] کے خزف، فاس اور مکناس کے [[concept/zellij|زلیج]]، اور تیونس و الجزائر کی ٹائلوں کو، اور کتابیات پر ختم ہوتا ہے۔ {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.5} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.9} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.13} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.18} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.21} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.25} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.31}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نوعیت",
     "markdown": "یہ ریووئرا، میژون، سالادین، مارسے برادران، بیل اور گالوتی پر بہت انحصار کرتا ہے اور ان سے طویل اقتباسات دیتا ہے؛ یہ امریکی معماروں کے لیے لکھا گیا اور جدید معمار کو اینٹ، پتھر، گچ اور ٹائل کے امتزاج سے سیکھنے کی دعوت پر ختم ہوتا ہے۔ {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.30} {cite:newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929 p.31}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "work/decorative-tiles-of-north-africa",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H), translation"
    ],
    "status": {
     "review": "published"
    },
    "provenance": {
     "generated_by": "Claude Code (OCR-harvest worker H)",
     "model": "claude-opus-5-5",
     "run": "ocr-harvest-2026-11-04",
     "source": "source/newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929, pp. 3-30"
    }
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-04"
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-04",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "concept/zellij",
   "type": "mentions",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "building/jami-qayrawan",
   "type": "mentions",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "building/great-mosque-tlemcen",
   "type": "mentions",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "building/mausoleum-of-moulay-ismail",
   "type": "mentions",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/newcomb-decorative-tiles-north-africa-1929"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/sidi-boumediene-mosque-tlemcen",
  "building/great-mosque-tlemcen",
  "concept/zellij",
  "place/fez",
  "place/qayrawan",
  "building/great-mosque-of-algiers",
  "building/jami-qayrawan",
  "building/mansura-mosque-tlemcen"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}