{
 "id": "work/hadith-of-the-five-afflictions",
 "class": "work",
 "slug": "hadith-of-the-five-afflictions",
 "label": {
  "ar": "حديث الخصال الخمس",
  "en": "The hadith of the five afflictions"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "كلمة للنبي إلى المهاجرين يرويها عبد الله بن عمر في خبر بعث عبد الرحمن بن عوف: خمس خصال يستعيذ بالله أن تدركهم: ظهور الفاحشة فيظهر الطاعون، ونقص المكيال فيأتي الجدب وجور السلطان، ومنع الزكاة فيُمنع القطر، ونقض العهد فيُسلّط العدو، وترك الحكم بكتاب الله فيكون البأس بينهم.",
  "en": "Words of the Prophet to the Muhajirun transmitted by Abdullah ibn Umar in the account of Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf's dispatch: five things he sought refuge from befalling them: open indecency bringing plague, short measure bringing famine and tyranny, withheld zakat bringing drought, broken covenants bringing an outside enemy, and rulers not judging by God's book bringing internal strife."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [
  "arabia"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "zakat-and-sadaqa",
  "law-and-courts",
  "health-body-death"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "sermon",
  "languages": [
   "ar"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "sira-ibn-hisham saqqa 1936, juz' 4 p. 280",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code",
   "model": "claude-fable-5-1",
   "run": "ibn-hisham-batch-14"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Fable 5.1; mined from Ibn Hisham juz' 4 p. 280; parallel in Ibn Maja's Sunan not cited here (needs_source)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "كلمة قصيرة للنبي إلى المهاجرين يرويها ابن إسحاق في سياق [[event/sariyya-of-abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf-to-dumat-al-jandal|بعث عبد الرحمن بن عوف]] عن عطاء بن أبي رباح عن رجل سمع [[person/abdullah-ibn-umar|ابن عمر]]: «يا معشر المهاجرين، خمس خصال إذا نزلن بكم، وأعوذ بالله أن تدركوهن». {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الخصال",
     "markdown": "يربط الحديث كل خصلة بعاقبة: إعلان الفاحشة بالطاعون والأوجاع التي لم تكن في الأسلاف؛ نقص المكيال والميزان بالسنين وشدة المؤنة وجور السلطان؛ منع الزكاة بمنع القطر «فلولا البهائم ما مُطروا»؛ نقض عهد الله وعهد رسوله بتسليط عدو من غيرهم يأخذ بعض ما في أيديهم؛ وترك الأئمة الحكم بكتاب الله وتجبّرهم فيما أنزل الله بجعل بأسهم بينهم. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "في المتحف",
     "markdown": "يقرأ الزائر هنا تصوراً مبكراً لما يسمّيه المتأخرون «العقوبات الاجتماعية»: الوباء والقحط والجور والغزو والحرب الأهلية عواقبَ لأخلاق عامة لا لذنوب أفراد؛ ويُعرض النص بالمعنى، ويُقرأ لفظه في الطبعة. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "علامات الرواية",
     "markdown": "- الراوي عن ابن عمر رجل من أهل البصرة غير مسمى، وابن إسحاق يرويه «عمن لا أتهم» عن عطاء. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/279}\n- «وتجبّروا» في نسختين و«تحيّروا» في نسخة. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "work/hadith-of-the-five-afflictions",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   }
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "A short saying of the Prophet to the emigrants, which Ibn Ishaq transmits in the context of [[event/sariyya-of-abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf-to-dumat-al-jandal|the dispatch of Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf]]. It comes from Ata ibn Abi Rabah, from a man who heard [[person/abdullah-ibn-umar|Ibn Umar]]: \"O company of emigrants, there are five traits which, if they befall you, and I seek God's protection lest you meet them...\" {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The five traits",
     "markdown": "The saying links each trait to its consequence: the open spread of immorality brings plague and sicknesses unknown to earlier generations; the cheating of measure and balance brings years of drought, hardship of livelihood and the oppression of rulers; withholding alms brings the withholding of rain, so that were it not for the animals, no rain would fall; breaking the covenant of God and His Messenger brings an enemy from outside them who takes some of what is in their hands; and when the leaders do not judge by the Book of God and act tyrannically in what God has sent down, God makes their might a source of conflict among them. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "In the museum",
     "markdown": "A visitor reads here an early idea of what later writers call \"social punishments\": plague, famine, injustice, invasion and civil war are presented as consequences of general conduct, not of the sins of individuals. The text is given in sense here; its wording is read in the edition. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Notes on the transmission",
     "markdown": "- The narrator from Ibn Umar is an unnamed man from Basra. Ibn Ishaq transmits it from Ata \"from someone I do not suspect\". {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/279}\n- \"They were tyrannical\" is in two copies, and \"they were bewildered\" in one copy. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/280}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "work/hadith-of-the-five-afflictions",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   }
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "event/sariyya-of-abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf-to-dumat-al-jandal",
   "type": "part_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/prophets-mosque",
  "period/prophetic-era",
  "person/abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-umar",
  "person/bilal-ibn-rabah",
  "person/muhammad",
  "place/dumat-al-jandal",
  "event/sariyya-of-abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf-to-dumat-al-jandal"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}