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bit al:km* 8xzan* al:km*0   :rk* altrjm*
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ir walmdars4 smrqnd   bxaro #8 r:,al* (l
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m islam.museum/ar/exhibits/pathway-g#11-
chw#3m-baghdad-and-the-silk-roads/ ams: 
alrmz lft: h!h al&f:* &rt al>n t(rf /%r:
 dwr b<dad wbit al:km* fi :f= al(lwm alq
dim* wnqlha4   #2 , #4 /!kr .njazin (lmi
in w/bi,n /?rhma xarj al(alm al.svmi4   
#5 , #6 /qi,m fwayd altfa(l (lo )rq al:r
ir w/$rarh l/k?r mn )rf4   #7 , #8 , #9 
f:& al.tqan xms* /syl* (m,a m%it fih4 tu
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 w:rk* altrjm* als|al #3 mn #5 b/i (lm a
rtb) asm alxwarzmi8 al)b alb&riat almwsi
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ha fi alx)w* #6: abn sina wal)b als|al #
5 mn #5 ma al!i :mlth alqwafl (lo )rq al
:rir <ir alb$ay(8 v %i' <ir alb$ay( alji
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fa(l2a mn jdid mfta: al.jabat 8llm(lm0 f
i /i sn* antqlt alxvf* .lo al(basiin8   
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si*0 mn all<at alti turjm mnha fi bit al
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ltrjm*0 b/i (lm artb) asm alxwarzmi8   a
ljbr 8t(l,mha fi alx)w* #5: alxwarzmi wa
ljbr0 mn /i mdin* ja' abn sina8   bxaro 
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a al!i :mlth alqwafl (lo )rq al:rir <ir 
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,mha fi alx)w* #9: altjar* bw&fha tfa(l2
a0     a:keha mn jdid a:ke ma t(l,mth bk
lmatk /nt4 ma tktbh ibqo (lo h!a aljhaz 
fq)" wv iqr|h /:d <irk4 /%r: dwr b<dad w
bit al:km* fi :f= al(lwm alqdim* wnqlha4
 /!kr .njazin (lmiin w/bi,n /?rhma xarj 
al(alm al.svmi4 /qi,m fwayd altfa(l (lo 
)rq al:rir w/$rarh l/k?r mn )rf4 :kituha
 l/:d alkbar aktb jmltin (lo al/ql" /w $
( (vm* /nk :kitha" liu:sb lk xtm fi aljw
az4 ams: ma ktbt wrq* al(ml /jb bklmatk 
b(d kl x)w*; kl s|al i(wd .lo &f:* mn al
mt:f4 avsm3 ______________ al&f3 _______
_ altarix3 ________ lma!a axtar almn&wr 
mwq( b<dad8 a!kr sbbin j<rafiin /w aqt&a
diin4 mn all<at alti turjm mnha fi bit a
l:km*8 wlma!a kan alxlfa' imw,lwn altrjm
*8 ma al(vq* bin asm alxwarzmi wklm* 7al
xwarzmi*7 aliwm8 ttb,( r:l* wrq* wa:d* m
n smrqnd .lo b<dad3 mn &n(ha wmn :mlha w
mn ktb (liha4 a!kr fayd* w$rr2a mn altfa
(l (lo )rq al:rir lmjtm(in mxtlfin4 mjan
i wmftw:3 a)b( waqtbs w(d,l" bv :sab wv 
bianat tvmi!4 islam.museum/ar/learn/teac
hers/pathways/g#11-chw#3m-baghdad-and-th
e-silk-roads/ ams: alrmz lft: h!h al&f:*