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, Grades #11 and #12: Canadian and World
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wbr #2026 m   #12 jmado al/wlo #1448 h1 
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eum/ar/exhibits/pathway-g#12-chy#4u-otto
mans-gunpowder-empires/ ams: alrmz lft: 
h!h al&f:* &rt al>n t(rf /&f albno alsia
si* wavqt&adi* lldwl* al(?mani* bin #145
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&adi* lldwl* al(?mani* bin #1450 w#1650.
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a w.iran4 /bi,n .sham :akm wm(mar fi hwi
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bar aktb jmltin (lo al/ql" /w $( (vm* /n
k :kitha" liu:sb lk xtm fi aljwaz4 ams: 
ma ktbt wrq* al(ml /jb bklmatk b(d kl x)
w*; kl s|al i(wd .lo &f:* mn almt:f4 avs
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if /(ad al(?maniwn t%kil .s)nbwl b(d alf
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nwni78 wma (vq* alqanwn bal.mbra)wri* al
was(*8 qarn al(vq* al(?mani* al&fwi* bal
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a!a ijm( alm|rxwn aldwl al?v? t:t asm 7.
mbra)wriat albarwd78 hl tqn(k altsmi*8 m
jani wmftw:3 a)b( waqtbs w(d,l" bv :sab 
wv bianat tvmi!4 islam.museum/ar/learn/t
eachers/pathways/g#12-chy#4u-ottomans-gu
npowder-empires/ ams: alrmz lft: h!h al&
f:*