Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was an Umayyad caliph who ruled about twenty years in the seventh century. He reunited the caliphate after years of civil war, built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and made the coinage and records Arabic. He died in 705 CE.
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Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
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Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, fifth Umayyad caliph (65–86 AH / 685–705 CE), inherited a broken caliphate: he retook Iraq and the Hijaz after Ibn al-Zubayr's defeat by al-Hajjaj in 73 AH and reunited the empire a second time. His reign built the state: he Arabized the government registers from Persian and Greek, struck the first imageless Islamic coins and then the famous gold dinar around 77 AH, built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem in 72 AH, and created the postal and road systems. His strongest governor was al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf in Iraq and the east, who founded Wasit in his day. Abd al-Malik died in 86 AH (705 CE) and was succeeded by his son al-Walid.
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