إجماع

الإجماع في اللغة العزم، وقد يراد به الاتفاق، وعند الأصوليين اتفاق جميع المجتهدين من أمة محمد بعد عصره على أمر شرعي. ¹ وهو حجة قطعية على الصحيح إذا اتفق المعتبرون على أنه إجماع، ولا يحتج به في ما يتوقف عليه حجيته كوجود الله ورسالة النبي. ²

The majority of Sunnis hold that consensus is formed by the agreement of mujtahids; the opinion of others does not count. The disagreement of innovators counts unless their innovation is one that takes them out of the community; the extreme Rafidah, for example, are excluded. ^{1 2}

Consensus is definitive when the recognised scholars agree that it is consensus, and not when they differ, as in a silent consensus or where a dissent is rare. Some doubted that it can be transmitted. ²

Consensus may be used for religious matters, of belief or practice; rational matters are settled by definitive proofs. Every consensus must rest on a text or an analogy, even a hidden one. ²

Consensus cannot abrogate or be abrogated by consensus, since consensus happens only after the Prophet's death. When it contradicts a text, it shows that the text is abrogated. Al-Ghazali ranks consensus above the Qur'an and Sunna in the search for proof; Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i takes it as a proof but not a consensus; al-Shafi'i and others deny that it is a proof. ³

يستدل الشيخ بإجماع الصحابة في قتال مانعي الزكاة، ويقول إن الأحكام تؤخذ من القرآن والسنة وإجماع الصحابة. ⁴ ويسأل هل أخطأ أبو بكر حين قاتل الذين منعوا الزكاة، ويذكر أن عمر وعليا وغيرهما وافقوه. ⁴ (needs_source: القائمة الكاملة للأسماء غير واضحة في النسخة الآلية.)