Mu'na (cost and maintenance): zakat, hire, usurped goods, waqf and loan

المُؤْنَة

Mu'na, in lexicon, is burden; in fiqh it is the cost a person bears, such as maintenance and similar expense. Jurists often use mu'na for nafaqa (support), and al-Sharqawi holds that mu'na is wider than nafaqa ¹. Its rulings cover: the costs of crops and fruit in zakat, where the schools differ ²; hire, where the cost of returning the hired thing is distinguished from the cost of keeping it during the term, the latter falling on the lessor by consensus while the schools differ on making food or fodder a condition on the hirer ³; the cost of returning usurped goods, which falls on the usurper, and the case where goods are carried to another town ⁴; the cost of waqf property, paid from its yield or as the founder stipulated, and from the treasury (bayt al-mal) when it has no yield according to the Shafi'is ⁵; and the cost of a loaned object, whether it falls on the borrower or the lender, and of its return ⁶.