Barkatullah Bhopali

He was born on 7 July 1854 at Itawra mohalla in Bhopal ¹. He came to England and moved in the circles of London's Indian revolutionaries; at the 1897 meetings of the Muslim Patriotic League he protested against the government's treatment of Muslims ¹. In 1906 he centralised the scattered Indian revolutionary groups in America and established the Pan-Aryan Association in New York City with Samuel Joshi and others ¹. In 1907 he wrote a letter in Urdu Mualla calling on Hindus and Muslims to unite, naming the two chief duties of Muslims at that time ¹.

In February 1904 he was appointed Professor of Hindustani at the Imperial University, Tokyo ¹. His appointment in Japan lasted until 31 March 1914, when it was terminated; while there he published the paper El Islam, which the British government banned in India on 22 March 1913 ¹. He is said to have converted three Japanese to Islam in Tokyo in December 1911, the first Japanese to profess Islam ¹. In 1913 he was among the founders of the Ghadar Party, established at San Francisco ¹.

During the First World War he reached Kabul, and on 1 December 1915 the Provisional Government of India was proclaimed there with Raja Mahendra Pratap as president and Barkatullah as its first prime minister ¹. He travelled on against the British alliance and in later years continued his writing and organising from exile ¹. He died in San Francisco on 20 September 1927 and was buried in the Old City Cemetery at Sacramento, California ¹. In 1988 Bhopal University was renamed Barkatullah University in his memory ¹.

The texts attest a Muslim political actor — the Muslim Patriotic League meetings, the paper El Islam, the conversion of the three Japanese, and the category filing under 20th-century Indian Muslims ¹ — but no source names a denomination or legal school for him: the English officeholder infobox carries no religion field, the Urdu infobox is empty ², and Wikidata gives Islam only ³. The museum's data record therefore leaves his school unrecorded under the two-source rule, the plain Khan configuration.

• The defined source entities cited above, recorded in data/source/. This man's Arabic article is written from the English and Urdu articles; no Arabic Wikipedia article exists for him.
• Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact.