Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi

He was born on 25 August 1888 to a Punjabi Muslim Rajput family from Amritsar ¹. Educated first at home and in Amritsar schools, he took a master's in mathematics at the University of the Punjab with first position at eighteen, then moved to England in 1907 and matriculated at Christ's College, Cambridge ¹². He was awarded a foundation scholarship in May 1908 and first-class honours in Mathematics Part I in June 1909, placed among the wranglers, and went on to take several triposes ¹.

In 1924, at thirty-six, he completed the first volume of his book Tazkirah, a commentary on the Qur'an in the light of science; it was nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1925, on condition of translation into a European language, and he declined the translation ¹. He served in the education administration of British India, and eventually settled at Ichhra, Lahore, on his pension ¹.

Around 1930 he founded the Khaksar movement, a paramilitary organisation aiming both to revive Islam among Muslims and to advance the condition of the masses irrespective of faith, sect or religion ¹³. Its symbol was the belcha, the spade. He was imprisoned repeatedly — under the British and, after 1947, in Pakistan, where he faced charges of attempting to overthrow President Ayub Khan's government; none of the charges was proven and he was acquitted in each case ¹. After an assassination attempt on Muhammad Ali Jinnah on 20 July 1943 by a man assumed to be a Khaksar worker, Mashriqi deplored the attack and denied any involvement ¹.

The articles attest the man as a Muslim and an Islamic scholar, born into a Muslim family ¹³; no article text names a legal school for him. Wikidata gives his religion as Sunni Islam ⁴, a single structured value, and the Urdu article's categories file him under Pakistani Sunnis ²; a filing and a structured value together are one source family, so the museum's data record states exactly this and leaves his school unrecorded under the two-source rule.

He died at the Mayo Hospital in Lahore on 27 August 1963, after a short battle with cancer; his funeral prayers were held at the Badshahi Mosque and he was buried at Ichhra ¹.

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