- the arabesque
- the interlacing vegetal ornament that adorns walls, domes and pages
- geometric pattern
- the geometric pattern of stars and polygons repeating without end
- the Dome of the Rock
- Jerusalem's Dome of the Rock, the oldest surviving Islamic monument
- Sinan
- the Ottoman state's greatest architect, master of the Süleymaniye
- double arches
- the double-tiered arches of Cordoba's mosque that lift its height
- the mihrab
- the prayer niche showing worshippers the direction of the Kaaba
- the minaret
- the call-to-prayer tower that lifts the voice above the city
- calligraphy
- the art of the written word that filled mosques and Qur'an copies
- the iwans
- the four vaulted halls opening onto a mosque or madrasa court
- muqarnas
- the honeycomb stalactite vaulting hanging over doorways and domes
- tilework
- the cut and glazed tilework clothing walls in colour and pattern
- the Prophet's Mosque
- the Prophet's mosque in Medina that became the model for all
