Glossary — Saladin

Yusuf ibn Ayyub
his personal name, before he was given the title Salah al-Din
the Kurd
his Kurdish origin — the family's homeland before they entered service
the Fatimids
the caliphate he brought to an end in Cairo in 1171
the Abbasids
the caliphate he returned Egypt to after two centuries away
Hattin
the battle where he broke the Crusader army near Tiberias in 1187
Richard the Lionheart
the English king who led the Third Crusade against him after Hattin
the peace of Ramla
the peace that closed Richard's campaign in 1192 and split the coast
jihad
the cause on which he spent his wealth and his effort all his life
the citadel
the Cairo citadel he raised on the Muqattam hill against the Crusaders
the schools
the schools he spread through Egypt and Damascus for teaching jurisprudence
1187
the year of Hattin and of Jerusalem's recovery, together — the summit of his life
Damascus
the city of his later rule, and of his death in 1193

60-second explainer · Practice set