A surgeon combining two prayers

جمع الطبيب الجراح بين الصلاتين

A question on a doctor performing surgery that lasts several hours, in which Jordan's General Iftaa Department answered that he must pray on time where possible, but if that is impossible for fear for the patient he may intend to combine the prayers by delaying the first. The Department answered that a Muslim must keep to praying on time as far as possible, so if the doctor can postpone the operation, pray before it, or will have time to pray after it, he may not delay the prayer. If that is impossible, jurists allow bringing a prayer forward or delaying it for need, or for fear of losing a duty or an interest the sharia protects, such as life or property; it quoted al-Ramli's gloss on Asna al-Matalib that this applies to someone busy rescuing a drowning person or fending off an attacker. It quoted Bughyat al-Mustarshidin that al-Khattabi reported from Abu Ishaq that combining while resident is allowed for need, a view also held by Ibn al-Mundhir, and the Hanbali al-Insaf that combining is allowed for anyone with an occupation or excuse that would permit missing the Friday or congregational prayer. It concluded that a doctor busy with an operation who cannot pray on time for fear for the patient may intend to combine the prayers by delay.

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Summary

A question on a doctor performing surgery that lasts several hours, in which Jordan's General Iftaa Department answered that he must pray on time where possible, but if that is impossible for fear for the patient he may intend to combine the prayers by delaying the first. 1

The question

The questioner asked whether a doctor performing an operation lasting several hours may combine two prayers. 1

The answer

The Department answered that a Muslim must keep to praying on time as far as possible, so if the doctor can postpone the operation, pray before it, or will have time to pray after it, he may not delay the prayer. 1 If that is impossible, jurists allow bringing a prayer forward or delaying it for need, or for fear of losing a duty or an interest the sharia protects, such as life or property; it quoted al-Ramli's gloss on Asna al-Matalib that this applies to someone busy rescuing a drowning person or fending off an attacker. 1 It quoted Bughyat al-Mustarshidin that al-Khattabi reported from Abu Ishaq that combining while resident is allowed for need, a view also held by Ibn al-Mundhir, and the Hanbali al-Insaf that combining is allowed for anyone with an occupation or excuse that would permit missing the Friday or congregational prayer. 1 It concluded that a doctor busy with an operation who cannot pray on time for fear for the patient may intend to combine the prayers by delay. 1

About this record

Jordan's General Iftaa Department published this fatwa on aliftaa.jo as no. 3836, dated 30 November 2023. 1 The museum records this text as a historical document attributed to the body or scholar that issued it; it issues no ruling of its own.

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Awqat al-Salat (the prescribed times of the five prayers, the recommended and disliked times, and the rules of combining and of missed prayers)· Excuse (udhr)

People and things also explored

Shortening and combining prayers when travelling daily· Awqat al-Salat (the prescribed times of the five prayers, the recommended and disliked times, and the rules of combining and of missed prayers)· Excuse (udhr)

Sources

  1. Jordan's General Iftaa Department (aliftaa.jo) , fatwa 3836

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islam.museum contributors. “A surgeon combining two prayers”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/work/fatwa-aliftaa-jo-surgeon-combining-prayers/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-01.

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Shortening and combining prayers when travelling daily

A question about shortening and combining prayers when travelling daily, in which Jordan's General Iftaa Department answered that shortening and combining are permitted on permissible travel of 81 km or more once the built-up area is left, even if the journey is repeated daily. The Department answered that a traveller may shorten and combine prayers for a distance of 81 km or more, provided the journey is permissible and he begins only after setting out and leaving the built-up area of his town or the administrative boundary of his area. It said that if the distance between workplace and residence reaches the distance for the concession, shortening and combining are permitted on leaving the built-up area, even if the journey is repeated daily. It quoted al-Khatib al-Shirbini in Mughni al-Muhtaj (1/529) that advancing and delaying combinations are permitted on long permissible journeys, that delayed combining is established in the two Sahihs from the hadith of Anas ibn Malik and Abdullah ibn Umar, and that advanced combining was graded authentic by Ibn Hibban and al-Bayhaqi from the hadith of Mu'adh ibn Jabal and graded hasan by al-Tirmidhi.