- Al-Idrisi's world map and the Book of Roger (Tabula Rogeriana)
- Al-Jazari's elephant clock
- Al-Jazari's peacock hand-washing design
- Al-Jazari's waterwheel-driven double-piston pump
- Al-Kindi's letter-frequency cryptanalysis
- Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik's bimaristan
- Al-Zahrawi's urethral-stone drill
- Al-Zarqali's universal astrolabe plate
- Algebra (al-jabr wal-muqabala as a discipline in al-Khwarizmi's work)
- Algorism (reckoning with Indian decimal numerals in al-Khwarizmi's book of arithmetic)
- Establishing papermaking in Baghdad
- Harun al-Rashid's Baghdad bimaristan
- Hisba and the market inspector
- Ibn al-Haytham's dark room (the camera obscura experiments)
- Ibn Tulun's endowed civilian hospital
- Pulmonary circulation
- Rufayda's tent for the wounded
- The barid (the state relay post)
- The minaret
- The Nizamiyyas: an endowed madrasa network
- Tiraz (the caliphate's written mark on cloth and papyrus)
- Waqf: the endowment that keeps the principal and gives the yield