Squatting with arms around the knees (ihtiba')

احتباء

Ihtiba' in the lexicon is sitting on the buttocks with the thighs drawn to the belly and held by a cloth or the hands; the jurists use it in the same sense. 1 It differs from iq'a, sitting on the buttocks with the knees raised, in that ihtiba' involves drawing both thighs and knees and holding them. 1 Outside prayer it is lawful unless accompanied by something forbidden, such as exposure of the private parts; it is better left during the sermon and while waiting for prayer. 1

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Era
The Prophetic Era
Region
Global / Diaspora
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Development of law, theology and institutions

Summary

Ihtiba' in the lexicon is sitting on the buttocks with the thighs drawn to the belly and held by a cloth or the hands; the jurists use it in the same sense. 1 It differs from iq'a, sitting on the buttocks with the knees raised, in that ihtiba' involves drawing both thighs and knees and holding them. 1 Outside prayer it is lawful unless accompanied by something forbidden, such as exposure of the private parts; it is better left during the sermon and while waiting for prayer. 1

People and things also explored

Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)· Justice and uprightness (adl)· Contagion (adwa)· Pardon (afw) in purity, worship, contracts and penalties· Covenant (ahd) and the duty to keep it; oath by the covenant of God· Term, deadline (ajal)· Hired worker (ajir)· Stranger, outsider (ajnabi)

Sources

  1. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.1715
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Squatting with arms around the knees (ihtiba')”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/ihtiba/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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Related

Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)

In the lexicon, add is gripping a thing with the teeth and holding it. If a person bites another without right and a wound results, the biter must pay the damages for the wound, assessed as a just award by experts. If one man bites another's hand and the bitten man pulls it free so that the biter's front teeth fall out, most jurists hold that there is no liability, relying on a prophetic judgement in such a case; the Shafi'is limit this to a bitten man who chose the easiest means of release, and the preferred Maliki view requires compensation.