Iqtida' (implication, demand and claim of a right)

In the language, iqtida' means demanding a right and collecting it, from the same root as paying a debt. Jurists use it in this sense; the usul scholars use it for implication (dalala). ¹

Implication (dalalat al-iqtida') is an unspoken element that a speech needs in order to be correct or true. A speech that cannot be correct without an addition is the muqtada, the addition is the muqtada, and seeking the addition is the iqtida'. ² For correctness: "free your slave on my behalf for a thousand" is only valid if the sale is implied, since manumission follows ownership. For truth: the hadith that lifts error and forgetting requires the implied removal of the ruling on the act, since error itself cannot be lifted. ²

Qada' can mean delivering the thing owed or delivering a like thing, since its sense is to discharge, complete and settle. It also covers performing what a person owes to others; an executor who knows of a debt on the deceased and pays it does not sin. ² Istifa' means demanding fulfilment, and is a kind of iqtida'. ²

The common term for taking a right is istifa', whether the right is financial, such as a worker's wage, or not, such as the benefit of a thing or retaliation. Iqtida' also means asking for a right to be paid easily, as in the hadith of the generous seller, buyer and creditor. ³

A definite demand of an act is an obligation, and a non-definite demand is a recommendation. A definite demand to abstain is a prohibition, and a non-definite one is a disapproval. Choice is the counterpart of iqtida': the act and its omission are equal. ³