Umra Khan of Jandol

Umra Khan (c. 1860 – 1904) was a Pashtun chief of the Tarkalani Mast Khel ruling house of Jandol, on the north-western frontier of British India.¹ He was the younger son of the Khan of Jandol; he killed his elder brother, seized the throne, and made himself a power on the frontier.¹ From Jandol he captured the state of Dir and reigned as its Nawab from 1890 to 1895, and by 1894 he held undisputed sway over almost the whole of Bajaur.¹

In 1894 his ambition drew him into the internal affairs of Chitral: he instigated Afzal ul-Mulk, a son of the Mehtar Aman ul-Mulk, to murder his brother Nizam ul-Mulk, then overthrew the fratricide and backed the claims of their uncle Sher Afzul to the throne.¹ The Government of British India ordered him to leave Chitral; when he refused, the Chitral Expedition of 1895 was despatched against him, and Umra Khan was driven into exile in Afghanistan.¹ Winston Churchill, who served with the Malakand Field Force and wrote its story, called him "the most important man between Chitral and Peshawar" and "the Afghan Napoleon" — a contemporary British officer's epithet, recorded here as his, not as the museum's.¹

He died in exile at Kabul.¹ The article, following the Encyclopaedia Britannica of 1911, dates his death to 11 September 1904, while Wikidata gives only the year 1903; his birth is given as about 1860.¹² Both dates are therefore carried as debated in his record, with the article's dated value preferred for the death.

No source read names a religion or a school for him: the article has no religion field and never raises the subject, and Wikidata carries no religion value.¹² His honorific Ghazi and his standing as a Pashtun chief are title and office, not attestations, so his faith is recorded as unknown on an absence, and nothing is inferred from his wars against the British.