Abadi Bano Begum

Her birth year is disputed between the sources: the English and Urdu articles' leads give 1850 ¹², both articles' body texts give 1839 — the English at Amroha, the Urdu at Rampur ¹² — and Wikidata gives 1853 ³. She married Abdul Ali Khan, a senior official in the Rampur State, and the couple had one daughter and five sons ¹. Widowed while her children were young, she pawned her personal jewellery to educate them, and though she had no formal education herself she sent them to an English-medium school at Bareilly ¹. Her sons Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Shaukat Ali became leading figures of the Khilafat movement ¹.

She took an active part in politics as a member of the Khilafat committee; in 1917 she joined the agitation to release Annie Besant and her two sons from prison, and Gandhi encouraged her to speak, as she could win the support of women for the movement ¹. Her speech at the 1917 session of the All India Muslim League left a lasting impression on the Muslims of British India ¹². While her sons were in prison she toured the country for the Khilafat movement and was its moving spirit ². She raised funds for the Khilafat movement and, with Begum Hasrat Mohani, Basanti Devi, Sarala Devi Chaudhurani and Sarojini Naidu, addressed women-only gatherings and urged women to donate to the Tilak Swaraj Fund ¹. Her public slogan, as the Urdu article records it, was her call that her son lay down his life for the Khilafat ². She remained active in the movement until her death ¹.

She died in November 1924: the Urdu article, citing Malik Ram's Tazkira Mah-o-Sal, and Wikidata give 12 November ²³, while the English article gives 13 November ¹. On 14 August 1990 Pakistan Post issued a commemorative stamp in her honour in its Pioneers of Freedom series ¹.

The English article's text attests her personally as a Muslim, calling her one of the first Muslim women in politics ¹, and the Urdu article presents her within the Khilafat movement and the Muslim League's 1917 session ²; Wikidata records no religion for her ³. No source names a school for her, so the museum's data record leaves her school unknown and sets out the evidence exactly.

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