فرسان القديس يوحنا

The Knights of St John, the crusading military order based on Rhodes; in al-Salabi's account Prince Cem sought refuge with them after his defeats by Bayezid II, made a compact with their Grand Master that was broken under Bayezid's pressure, and became their prisoner — a hostage they milked for privileges now from Bayezid, now from Cem's Cairo backers, before selling him to Pope Innocent VIII for a great price ¹.

خلاصہ

سینٹ جان کے فرسان، ابتدائی عثمانی عہد میں جزیرہ رودس پر مبنی صلیبی فوجی جماعت ¹۔

قیمتی یرغمال

صلابی نقل کرتا ہے کہ شہزادہ جم اپنے بھائی بایزید ثانی سے شکستوں کے بعد ان کے پاس پناہ لیا؛ ان کے سردار سے ہوا معاہدہ بایزید کے دباؤ پر ٹوٹا اور جم ان کا قیدی بنا — ایسا یرغمال جس نے کبھی بایزید سے اور کبھی قاہرہ کے حامیوں سے مراعات کماییں — یہاں تک کہ انہوں نے اسے بڑی رقم پر پوپ اینوسنٹ ہشتم کو بیچ دیا ¹۔

حسن بن خير الدين بربروسة

Khayr al-Din Barbarossa's son, of a noted Algerian family on his mother's side; the Porte's governor of Algiers from 951/1544. He refortified the city's weak points shown by Charles V's attack, kept the Oran force from restoring Abu Zayyan Ahmad II at Tlemcen, secured the Ottoman garrison at al-Mashwar castle, and drove the Sa'dis out by 959/1551 (printed '1151'). But his hostility to all foreign powers — France included — and his refusal of the French envoy's military aid ('jihad is the Muslims' affair; I will not win by an infidel against an infidel') let the envoy poison the Porte's ear: Süleyman deposed him in Safar 960/January 1552, giving the beylerbeylik to Salih Reis. After Hasan Corso's death in 964/1557 the sultan restored him; he raised ten thousand Zawawa, married Sultan Kuku's daughter, set Bu Yahya over Badis, fought Abd al-Aziz b. Abbas of Qal'at Bani Abbas until his fall, and recognised his successor Ahmad Muqran. The Janissaries, fearing he meant independence, arrested him in summer 969/1561 and shipped him bound to Istanbul — yet the sultan returned him a third time in late 970/1562 with ten warships. He besieged Oran on 13 April 1563 with fifteen thousand musketeers, a thousand horse, and twelve thousand Zawawa and Bani Abbas, lifting it as relief converged; shared in the Malta siege of 973/1565 with twenty-five ships and three thousand men; and in 975/1567 Selim II made him commander-in-chief of the fleet.

فرسان القديس يوحنا

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حسن بن خير الدين بربروسة