لوگ
نبی، صحابہ، علماء، حکمران، سائنس دان، شاعر، مسافر: وہ مرد و خواتین جنہوں نے کہانی کو شکل دی۔
اب تک اس پہلو میں یہ ہے: روڈ میپ: مکمل لوگ ہال ایک بعد کے مرحلے میں آئے گا۔
† ہجری تاریخ عیسوی/جولین تاریخ سے حساب کے ذریعے نکالی گئی ہے؛ یہ منتقل شدہ تاریخ سے ایک یا دو دن مختلف ہو سکتی ہے۔
- عمارت
الجامع الأزهر
Al-Azhar at Cairo: founded by the Fatimids as the mosque of their da'wa, then turned by the vizier Ya'qub ibn Killis in 378 into a university teaching the sciences and letters — from a pulpit reserved for the Fatimid call into one of Egypt's foremost centres of learning beside the mosques of Amr, Ibn Tulun and al-Hakim. - عمارت
المدرسة البيهقية بنيسابور
The Bayhaqiyya of Nishapur, the earliest madrasa whose report is preserved in Islam: al-Maqrizi holds that the people of Nishapur were the first recorded as building a madrasa; al-Subki and al-Suyuti cited it to rebut al-Dhahabi's claim that Nizam al-Mulk founded the first madrasas, for it stood before Nizam al-Mulk was born. - عمارت
المدرسة النظامية ببغداد
The Nizamiyya of Baghdad, first and most famous of the madrasas founded by the vizier Nizam al-Mulk al-Tusi: building began in 457 and sisters rose at Nishapur, Isfahan, Herat, Basra, Mosul and Amid; the Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni then Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi taught in it, and it mothered the Sunni institutional model that the later madrasas of Baghdad followed — the caliphs prayed there and Nizam al-Mulk himself visited to inspect its library. - عمارت
المدرسة السعدية بنيسابور
The Sa'diyya of Nishapur, built by the amir Nasr ibn Sabuktegin, brother of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna — cited with the Bayhaqiyya by al-Subki and al-Suyuti as proof that madrasas stood before Nizam al-Mulk. - عمارت
بيت الحكمة (خزانة الحكمة)
The House of Wisdom at Baghdad, the greatest library whose report survives from the first Abbasid age: al-Rashid laid its nucleus and al-Ma'mun enlarged and strengthened it. Al-Rashid put Yuhanna ibn Masawayh over the translation of the ancient medical books found in Byzantine lands with skilled scribes writing before him; Abu Sahl al-Fadl ibn Nawbakht rendered Persian wisdom-books into Arabic in its khizana, and Allan al-Shu'ubi copied for al-Rashid, al-Ma'mun and the Barmakids. Al-Ma'mun widened it, sending to the Byzantine emperor for the ancient sciences an embassy of al-Hajjaj ibn Matar, Ibn al-Bitriq and Salm the master of the House, and making Sahl ibn Harun keeper of its treasuries — though its precise organisation and site remain wrapped in obscurity. - عمارت
دار الحكمة بالقاهرة
The Dar al-Hikma of Cairo, founded by the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah in 395 — the most famous of the Fatimid 'madaris al-hikma' through which the Ismaili da'wa spread its doctrines among its adherents. The institution began with the da'wa-schools al-Mahdi Ubayd Allah opened at Mahdiyya, flourished at Mansuriyya under al-Mansur, then at Cairo from al-Mu'izz's reign, reaching the chief 'islands' of the da'wa beyond Egypt. Attached to it was the Dar al-Ilm library holding many works for reading and copying; the vizier al-Afdal closed it and the caliph al-Amir reopened it. - عمارت
دير هزقل
A Syrian monastery given over to the mad; al-Mubarrad told how he entered it asking its monks for a lunatic of pleasant speech to laugh with his companions over, and was shown a raised iwan where they were graded each to the measure of his affliction; Di'bil ibn Ali named it in satire of Abu Ubbad, al-Ma'mun's secretary. - تصور
الأمين (لقب النبي قبل البعثة)
The title by which Quraysh called Muhammad before prophethood for the trustworthiness and good qualities they saw in him; they cried it out when he entered as arbiter over the Black Stone during the rebuilding of the Kaaba. - تصور
الهجنة
Al-hajna, the Arab stigma of impure lineage: Lisan al-Arab defines it as speech that disgraces you, the hajin being an Arab son of a slave-mother — 'for he is marked'. Ibn Abd Rabbih reports the Umayyads would not appoint the sons of slave-mothers, saying the Arabs do not fit them; al-Asma'i explained it astrologically — they saw their rule ending at a slave-mother's son's hands — but Ahmad Amin favours the popular explanation of sheer disdain. A Bedouin asking the qadi Suwar about his inheritance grew furious when told the hajin shared equally; Khalid al-Qasri, governor of Iraq, was lampooned because his mother was a Greek slave. - تصور
القيان والجواري المغنيات
The qiyan institution of the first Abbasid age: slave-girls schooled in airs and modes by their masters — Ibrahim al-Mawsili teaching his own, Abdallah ibn Tahir composing for his — divided between the private singers of caliphs and grandees, gifted round out of fashion for novelty, and the public qiyan a slave-dealer housed in 'houses of the established singers' (buyut al-muqayyin) like Ibn Ramin's at Kufa and his girl Sallama al-Zarqa, whose salon Ruh ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi, Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, Ma'n ibn Za'ida and Ibn al-Muqaffa' frequented. The Aghani is full of their tarajim — Arib, Mutayyam, Badhl, Dhat al-Khal, Farida — some poets and litterateurs fetching two or three thousand dinars. - تصور
السيرة النبوية
The Prophetic sira is the transmitted history of the Prophet's life: his birth and upbringing, his call in Mecca, the Hijra, his campaigns and his death, with the connected record of his Companions and family. It grew out of the maghazi and athar reports transmitted by isnad in Ibn Ishaq's school, then became its own genre chronicling the twenty-three years that changed the world. - تصور
إمرة الأمراء
The office that swallowed the vizierate: according to Miskawayh, first conferred on Harun ibn Gharib in 316 under al-Muqtadir; when al-Radi handed all affairs to Muhammad ibn Ra'iq the amir al-umara appointed and dismissed governors, farmed kharaj and estates, had khutba and kunya and banner — the caliph holding nothing of rule — the title passing to Bajkam then to Ahmad ibn Buya, Mu'izz al-Dawla, who ran Baghdad for the Buyids nearly a century. - تصور
موقع العرب وأقوامها قبل الإسلام
The opening chapter of al-Raheeq al-Makhtum: the word 'Arab', the peninsula's borders, size and position between the continents, the historians' threefold division (extinct, original and Arabized Arabs), the Kahlani migrations from Yemen, the Adnani descent from Ismail, and the tribes' distribution across Arabia. - تصور
تسمية العرب لأبنائهم على أسماء النبات
Al-Hamdani observes that the Arabs inclined to name their men after thorny grazing shrubs — for the hardness, sharpness and drought-endurance in them: Talha, Samura, Awsaja, 'Urfuta, Qanada, 'Isiya, Sabra — and their women after the soft plants and fruits: Ghilqa, Bashama, Busra, Sahamma. - تصور
الأتاوة
The atawa, money a king or country pays the ruling power under sulh — as Rutbil's to al-Hajjaj, nine hundred thousand yearly after the truce-years; refusing the Umayyad agents he said they never spend a dirham but they hope for ten in return. - تصور
أسطورة بحيرا الراهب
The legend that the monk Bahira taught Muhammad his faith and was the real author of the Qur'an. Arslan reports the view of the orientalist Carra de Vaux, who found the legend in Arabic, thought it had no value, and noted that some Roman Catholic priests in Syria still believed it. Arslan mainly reports that scholar's assessment. The entry describes an old argument rather than settling a historical question. - تصور
البقط
In al-Baladhuri: Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh made peace with the Nubians not on jizya but on a truce of three hundred heads yearly, the Muslims gifting them equal food. Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam via Ibn Lahia via Yazid ibn Abi Habib: 'there is no pact or covenant between us and the blacks — only a truce: we give them wheat and lentils, they give us slaves; no harm in buying their slaves, theirs or others'.' Via al-Layth ibn Sa'd: the peace is that we fight them not nor they us, they give slaves and we give equal food, and if they sell their women and children he saw no harm in buying. Via al-Buhturi's family: Abdallah ibn Abdallah ibn Sa'd settled them on four hundred heads yearly exchanged for food. Al-Mahdi ordered obliging them yearly three hundred and sixty heads and a giraffe against flour, wine-vinegar, clothes and furnishings or their value. They lately claimed the baqt is not due every year — having been asked it in al-Mahdi's caliphate they answered it came from enemies' captives, and lacking such they gave their own children — so one baqt every three years was ordered; no record of this claim exists in the court diwans, though found in Egypt's diwan. - تصور
الفرق بين الخلافة والملك
Arslan separates caliphate from kingship. In his account the caliphate is a general trusteeship of the community to uphold the Sharia, restrain the strong against the weak and defend Islam from outside attack. It exists only by the community's will, so the caliph's authority comes from the community. He credits Lothrop Stoddard with understanding this and rejects the view that popular sovereignty is purely Western. He illustrates the point with Abu Bakr, who after his accession kept working and took only a modest allowance from public funds. This is the author's account of the principle. - تصور
أسباب سرعة الفتح العربي
Arslan surveys European explanations for how fast the Arab conquests moved: the warlike character of the Arabs, the Bedouin love of raiding and plunder, and the weariness of subject peoples with their rulers. He finds these insufficient and argues that the decisive force was moral: the Qur'an, its memorisation and the authority of its readers, together with a social and political order he says was fairer than the despotic governments it replaced. He notes the battles of Yarmuk, al-Qadisiyya and Nahavand and the reach of the state beyond the Oxus. This is the author's own explanation, and other historians disagree. - تصور
النصرانية في جزيرة العرب قبل الإسلام
Christianity came to Arabia through the Abyssinian and Roman occupations in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account: Christian missions entered Yemen during the first Abyssinian occupation, Najran was converted by the ascetic Faymiyun, Abraha spread it vigorously and built the Yemeni Kaaba to divert the Arabs' pilgrimage, and the Ghassanids, Taghlib, Tayy and some kings of al-Hira adopted it from their proximity to the Romans. - تصور
الدول المستعمرة والإسلام
A short chapter in which Arslan argues that the Allied powers in the First World War refused alliances with Muslim states such as Persia, Egypt and the Hijaz (the Sharif Husayn's alliance came only in 1915). In his reading they would not bind themselves to reward Muslim governments after victory. He concludes that colonial powers would accept no friendship from Islam and that Muslims paid in lives and money for their cause without return. This is his interpretation of wartime events, not a settled account of the powers' intentions. - تصور
داعي الدعاة
The da'i al-du'at, the great official to whom the headship of the Ismaili da'wa was entrusted under the Fatimids: ranking just below the qadi al-qudat and wearing his dress, the two offices often held by one man. Twelve nuqaba' assisted him in spreading the doctrine and deputies represented him in the provinces — the link between caliph and adherents — administering the oath to initiates directly or by proxy and overseeing the lectures delivered in the majlis al-da'wa, which were submitted to the caliph for approval before being taught; he also collected the najwa of 'believing men and women' at three and a third dirhams, and whoever paid thirty-three dinars received a Fatimid chit bearing the caliph's signature. - تصور
درجات استمالة المريد في الدعوة النزارية
The arsenal the Nizari da'wa gave its da'is to win recruits: tafris — 'reading' the soul's depths and the will's pliability; ta'nis — kindling trust and feeding each bent; tashkik — the boldest step, unsettling the recruit's creed; ta'liq — leaving him suspended and yearning for the doctrine; tadlis — deceit and false claims to whet him; ta'sis — fixing the taught 'facts' until they settle in his mind; khal' — casting off the Sunni rites for good by illicit ta'wil. - تصور
ديوان الزمام والخاتم
Ibn al-Muqaffa' described the Persian chancery: a royal command stood before the sahib al-tawqi', his servant entered it in a monthly tadhkira which the king sealed and stored; the tawqi' passed to the sahib al-zimam — keeper of the seal — then to the sahib al-'amal, who wrote it as a royal letter, copied it into the register, returned it through the sahib al-zimam to be read against the tadhkira and sealed before the king or his most trusted. Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan was the first Arab to take a zamam-diwan and a seal, imitating the Persians. The Persian king kept a seal for secrets, for envoys, for perpetuities — sijillat and iqta's and tashrif-letters — and a seal for the kharaj, all with the sahib al-zimam save the seal of secrets sometimes held by a royal intimate; and Khusraw Aparviz, bothered by the smell of the white sheets of accounts, ordered his kharaj-diwan's returns yellowed with saffron and rosewater. - تصور
حرية الفكر والاستبداد في تاريخ الإسلام
In his preface Arslan offers an overall thesis: an early age of free reasoning and ijtihad, followed by a shift from consultative caliphate to despotic rule, which narrowed free thought and gave tradition the upper hand over reason. He says the Mu'tazila began as a free-thinking school, and that Umayyad rulers who first favoured them turned against them once they acquired political weight. He treats the later dominance of traditionalists as part of this long decline. This is the preface's thesis, which needs checking against histories of theology and politics and is not accepted by all historians. - تصور
مسألة الحضارمة في جاوى
Arslan describes how the Dutch restricted Hadrami Arab migrants in the Dutch East Indies, limiting their movement and residence although many had settled and become local. He quotes the orientalist Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, who called the exclusion unjust but favoured limiting Islamic influence, including avoiding Sharia-based legislation and leaving only family law to Muslims. Arslan reads the policy as an attempt to weaken links between Javanese Muslims and the wider Islamic world. This is his reading of Dutch sources, which others may dispute. - تصور
الحمام
The public bathhouse; Basra's first was Abdallah ibn Uthman ibn Abi al-As's, the second Fil's (Ziyad's mawla), the third Muslim ibn Abi Bakra's at Bilalabadh — and for an age the town had only these, since baths were built only by the governors' leave until a wave of permissions multiplied them. - تصور
الأسباب الداخلية لتأخر المسلمين
In the same chapter Arslan attributes Muslim decline to internal causes: waning resolve, corruption of morals, neglect of the Qur'an's clear rulings, following desire, and above all rivalry for command between tribal groups such as the Qays and the Yemen. He compares the fall of Greece and Rome and argues that the Christianisation of Rome was not the sole cause of its decline. He rejects the view that Islam itself caused backwardness. This is his explanation, offered as a view rather than a neutral history. - تصور
اليقظة الإسلامية
Arslan's first chapter describes the Muslim world of the eighteenth century as at its lowest point, then surveys the reform movements that followed: a religious revival in Najd whose influence spread through the pilgrimage, a liberal reform current in India, reformers such as Muhammad Abduh in Egypt, and the Young Turk movement after 1908. He separates gradual reformers who work within Islam from radical nationalists who stir religious feeling against everything Western. This division is the author's own classification. - تصور
عصمة الأئمة
The Imami doctrine — the imam must be sinless lest he need an imam above him without end, the most learned, bravest and most generous of creation, designated by God's and His prophet's text in every age, manifest or hidden. - تصور
الاسترضاع في البادية
The custom of the settled Arabs of seeking wet-nurses in the desert for their children, to keep them from the diseases of the towns, strengthen their bodies and nerves, and let them master pure Arabic from the cradle; by it the Prophet was nursed among Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr by Halima. - تصور
الجائزة
The ja'iza, a prize a commander offers for a feat of daring; its first naming: al-Hajjaj's governor Qatn ibn Qabisa reached a river his men could not cross — 'who crosses, a thousand dirhams' — they crossed, he paid, and al-Ja''af sang 'they first established the jaw'iz among Ma'add'. - تصور
اليابان وآمال المسلمين بعد 1904
In the Pan-Islamic chapter Arslan records how Muslims cheered Japan's victory over Russia in 1904, quoting an Egyptian newspaper and a Chinese Muslim scholar who thought Japanese conversion might change the course of Islamic politics. He reports that Japan welcomed a Muslim delegation warmly but showed no interest in converting, and he sees the lasting result as friendlier ties between Muslim peoples and non-Muslim Asian nations. This is drawn from the press and gatherings as Arslan reports them, not evidence of Japan's intentions. - تصور
نداء الجهاد سنة 1914
After the Ottoman sultan declared jihad in late 1914, Arslan says the Allies portrayed the call as a cry in the wilderness, while in his view the response was greater than reported, though slower to appear in public. He links this to how Muslim leaders saw the Ottoman state's limits and its alliance with Germany. This is his reading of the evidence and needs checking against Ottoman, British and French documents. - تصور
اليهودية في جزيرة العرب قبل الإسلام
Judaism reached Arabia in at least two stages in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account: Jewish migration to northern Hijaz after Nebuchadnezzar's destruction of Palestine in 587 BCE, then after the Roman occupation of Palestine in 70 CE, when many tribes settled Yathrib, Khaybar and Tayma and built villages and forts; the well-known Jewish tribes at the coming of Islam were Khaybar, al-Nadir, al-Mustaliq, Qurayza and Qaynuqa, and al-Samhudi counts more than twenty; it entered Yemen through Tuban As'ad Abu Karib. - تصور
أحكام أراضي الخراج
Baladhuri's digest of the jurists on 'anwa land like the Sawad and al-Sham: Abu Yusuf — if the imam divides it among the conquerors it is 'ushr-land and its folk raqiq; if he leaves it for the Muslims as Umar did the Sawad, jizya on their necks and kharaj on the land — Abu Hanifa's view, ascribed also to Sufyan al-Thawri. Malik and Ibn Abi Dhi'b: a convert keeps his land, working it and paying kharaj. On kharaj-plus-zakah they split (Abu Hanifa forbids the union; Malik, Ibn Abi Dhi'b, Sufyan, Ibn Abi Layla, al-Awza'i allow it), likewise on repeated crops (one kharaj vs Ibn Abi Layla's per-harvest), on a year's neglect (replant or yield it), blight and drowning (kharaj drops), mawat revived ('ushr if rain- or spring-fed, kharaj if fed by kharaj-water), and on old Persian customs (Abu Sa'd preserves what Islam did not annul; Malik and al-Shafi'i abolish them however old). - تصور
ليلة القدر وألف شهر
Some read the 'thousand months' of Laylat al-Qadr as the exact span of Umayyad rule — a thousand full months to the Saffah's bay'a. - تصور
المدارس الحربية الموحدية
Abd al-Mu'min's war-schools for cadre and soldier: he gathered the youth of the Maghrebi tribes, Masmuda above all; beside martial arts they taught Ibn Tumart's books and the pupils learnt his counsels by heart — weapons drill, riding, swimming, siegecraft by land and sea; near Marrakesh the Almohads dug a basin holding skiffs and small 'training ships' where the cadets practised rowing and command of vessels. The schooling ran at state expense with horses and arms granted, and out of it graduated many of the commanders, senior officers and castle-governors. - تصور
مدرستا البصرة والكوفة في النحو
The quarrel began quietly between al-Ru'asi at Kufa and al-Khalil at Basra, then flared between al-Kisa'i at Kufa and Sibawayh at Basra, each school gaining a standard the partisans rallied to — scholarly asabiyya founded, it seems, on the two towns' political rivalry. The core difference: the Basrans held that general rules must be laid for the language and kept with rigour — an attested anomaly was 'kept, not analogised', and they dared fault even al-Farazdaq's speech when it broke the rule — prizing qiyas and its sovereignty; the Kufans honoured everything transmitted from the Arabs and licensed its use even against the rules, making the anomaly itself the basis of new rules — whence al-Suyuti's charge that al-Kisa'i 'heard what is only permissible from necessity and made it a principle and analogised on it, corrupting grammar', and the Andalusi's jibe that a Kufan who heard one verse licensing what breaks the norms would make it a principle and build a chapter on it. - تصور
مناصب قريش في مكة
The offices on which Mecca's pre-Islamic government rested in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account: the five gathered by Qusayy (Dar al-Nadwa, the banner, the custody of the Kaaba, the watering and the feeding of pilgrims) later divided between Abd al-Dar and Abd Manaf, and the further offices distributed among the clans (divination arrows, votive property, counsel, blood-money, the war standard, the camp and cavalry, embassy), forming what the author calls a quasi-democratic statelet; before them, the three hajj prerogatives of Mudar. - تصور
مشروع المعتضد لدور الصنائع والعلوم
Al-Maqrizi reports that the caliph al-Mu'tadid (279-289), planning his palace at al-Shammasiyya in Baghdad, ordered an extra measure of ground: he meant to build houses, dwellings and chambers appointing in each the masters of every craft and every school of the speculative and practical sciences, assigning them ample stipends so that whoever chose a science or craft would come to its master and learn from him — an early vision of a state academy of sciences and trades that was never carried out. - تصور
الموالي
In al-Baladhuri's Ayn al-Tamr captives, the model of the mawali: captives freed by their patrons whose clientage then attached to them — as Humran ibn Aban, al-Musayyib ibn Najaba's man whom Uthman bought and freed to become Uthman's mawla; Sirin and his brothers, mawali of Anas ibn Malik; Yasar, grandfather of Muhammad ibn Ishaq, mawla of Qays ibn Makhrama ibn al-Muttalib; Nusayr, Musa ibn Nusayr's father, mawla of the Umayyads; and Abu Farwa, grandfather of al-Rabi' ibn Yunus al-Mansur's minister — bought by Na'im al-Asadi then by Uthman for grave-digging. - تصور
المجتمع في المدينة عند الهجرة
The picture al-Raheeq al-Makhtum draws of Medina at the Hijra: three phases of the Medinan period and three groups facing the Prophet, namely the Companions among the Emigrants and Helpers, the pagans of Medina's tribes led by Abdullah ibn Ubayy, and the Jews who lived by usury and by stirring enmity between tribes; and Quraysh from outside. - تصور
حركة التبشير في بلاد الإسلام
Arslan's chapter on the missionary writer Samuel Zwemer reports the Christian missionary movement in Muslim lands as he reads it in Zwemer's book. He says a missionary conference in Cairo in 1906 brought together missionaries from dozens of societies in Europe and America, and that Zwemer saw the weakening of Muslim states after the First World War as an opening. Arslan reports the figures Zwemer gave for conversion in Africa and Asia, and notes that the societies had less success in the Arab lands than in India and Java. He replies that Muslims believe in the Gospel and the mission of Jesus, and that if the aim is to reach the unbelieving, the mission should go to pagans first. This describes what Arslan reports of the movement. The judgement about the intentions of its members is Arslan's, not the museum's. - تصور
مهاجرة الحبشة
Ibn Ishaq's term for the Companions who emigrated to Abyssinia; the sira groups them by how they returned: those carried to Khaybar on the two ships, those who arrived after Badr or later, and those who died in Abyssinia, then the women and those born there. - تصور
الطريقة النقشبندية والثورات في آسيا
In the Pan-Islamic chapter Arslan says the Naqshbandi order spread east from Central Asia as far as China, where Muslims in Chinese Turkestan and Yunnan rose in major revolts, and that the Dutch East Indies had a sequence of revolts in the same period. He argues that these movements shared hostility to the West and a common aim but lacked organisation and coordination. He describes scattered uprisings and does not examine the causes of each. The judgement that they lacked organisation is his. - تصور
النسب النبوي وأجزاؤه الثلاثة
al-Raheeq al-Makhtum divides the Prophet's lineage into three parts: one agreed on by the sira and genealogy scholars, up to Adnan; one disputed, between those who suspend judgement and those who affirm it, from Adnan up to Ibrahim; and one that certainly contains unsound matter, from Ibrahim up to Adam. - تصور
خلاف المستشرقين في البعثة المحمدية
In his chapter on the mission Arslan surveys disagreements among European scholars about the Prophet and the sources of his preaching. He notes that French, English, German, Belgian and Dutch orientalists contradicted one another, each rejecting what another had established. He cites a Dutch scholar who thought the Prophet had a stronger religious imagination than his people, and mentions the Bahira legend as a Christian explanation. He also quotes European writers such as Carlyle who defended the Prophet's sincerity. The entry describes Arslan's debate with other authors and is not a verdict on the Prophet. - تصور
القومية العثمانية الإسلامية والقومية التركية الطورانية
In Arslan's commentary on Stoddard, two currents among Ottoman Turks are described: an Ottoman-Islamic one that roots Ottoman culture in Arabic and Persian learning, and a Turanian one that stresses Turkic-Mongol origins and wants Arabic and Persian loanwords removed from Turkish. Arslan reports the Turanian camp's admiration for Chinggis Khan. The entry describes his account as a participant's view and is not a neutral verdict. - تصور
الجامعة الإسلامية
In the second chapter Arslan treats Pan-Islamism as a religious and political movement grounded in a shared feeling among Muslims against European expansion. He traces its roots to the Wahhabi call and to Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, mentions propagandists such as Ali Pasha, and describes how religious movements from India to Central Asia, East Asia and North Africa were linked. He records the wave of Muslim pride at Japan's victory in 1904, and argues that the bond is social and moral as much as religious. He notes that the movement's influence declined as nationalism grew. This is the author's account, not a neutral assessment. - تصور
العصبية الفارسية والإسلام
Arslan describes two senior Persian scholars he knew, devout Shi'is who loved the family of the Prophet, yet turned hostile to Arabs when nationality came up. He reads this tension against pre-Islamic Persian religions and against later movements, such as Babak al-Khurrami's revolt under al-Mu'tasim, which he presents as a revival of Mazdakite and Magian ideas. He argues that Islam makes no distinction between Arab and non-Arab. This is his observation and argument, not a verdict on any community. - تصور
التشيع في فارس
In his chapter on Persian Islam and the origin of Shi'ism, Arslan argues that Shi'ism was not old among Persians, pointing to the Safavid period (10th century AH) as a decisive moment. He describes the Akhbari, Mujtahid and Shaykhi currents as he observed them in Persia, and argues that Arab Shi'a in Yemen, Iraq and Syria show that devotion to the family of the Prophet is not only a Persian political matter. This is his account, not a neutral verdict. - تصور
الحركة العامية في الحضارة العربية
Arslan's chapter describes the spread of learning beyond a narrow class in early Arab-Islamic civilisation. He reports that schools in Basra, Kufa, Baghdad, Cairo and Cordoba admitted students of different social rank, that some rulers paid living costs for poor pupils, that non-Muslim teachers sometimes ran schools, and that many students in Cordoba were Christian. He sees this openness as rooted in the tolerance of the early Umayyad and Abbasid periods, and points to al-Ma'mun's translation of Ptolemy and the astronomy that followed. This is the author's broad account, not a study of each school. - تصور
الحالة السياسية في العرب قبل الإسلام
al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's picture of rule in Arabia at the rise of Islam: crowned but dependent kings in Yemen, al-Hira and al-Sham, and independent tribal chiefs in the interior with a king's authority; the tribe as a miniature government founded on asabiyya, its chief entitled to the quarter, the choice share, the roadside booty and the remainder; the frontier regions in decay between masters and slaves, the inland tribes fragmented with no king, and the religious government of the Hijaz respected but weak. - تصور
السيرة النبوية في كتابات المستشرقين
Arslan reviews Émile Dermenghem's Life of Muhammad, a French study. He discusses the book's treatment of the first revelation, of hadith and its transmission, of the crucifixion and how Islam and Christianity differ on Jesus, and of the compilation of the Qur'an. He also reports a European historian's classification of Arab biographers by reliability. He finds Dermenghem fair but disagrees with him on several points. The entry describes Arslan's reading of another author, not a judgement on the Prophet's life. - تصور
القطيعة
The qati'a in Basra and the Sawad: land the ruler grants a man to reclaim and cultivate — Ziyad would grant a tract, allow two years, then seize it if unimproved ('I execute only what is brought to life'); he was the first to clear the thorn-land and grant folk the villages emptied by the plagues and the salt-flats. Grants ran to thousands of jarib — Hilal ibn Ahwaz's eight thousand, Ibn Umayr's eight thousand — and al-Mansur's surveyors, measuring the Abu Bakra family's hundred-jarib holding at a thousand, left them their hundred and seized the rest. - تصور
الولايات العامة لقبائل قريش في الجاهلية
Suyuti cites Ibn Ishaq: Quraysh had no single king to whom all affairs returned; each clan held a general office under its head. Banu Hashim held the siqaya and rifada — none ate or drank save of their food and drink; Banu Abd al-Dar held the hijaba, the liwa' and the nadwa — none entered the House save by their leave, they bound Quraysh's war banners, and the assembly met for binding or loosing only at Dar al-Nadwa. And Abu Bakr's Jahiliya charge was the diya and ghamara — bloodwit and the heavy debts. - تصور
أثر الروسيا في الشرق
Arslan surveys European and Russian writings on how Tsarist Russia affected the Middle East and Asia, then the Bolshevik period. He argues that Tsarist policy mainly oppressed the East and weakened the Ottoman state for Western benefit, and that the fall of the Russian state opened the way for Asia's liberation. He reports that Western powers armed anti-Bolshevik forces and warned against any Muslim force joining against the Soviet government. This is the author's assessment, drawing on newspapers and quotations he did not verify here. - تصور
خطة السنوسية للجامعة الإسلامية
Arslan describes what he presents as the Sanusi order's programme in North Africa: prepare religious and moral reform first, then open the African lands, then the wider Muslim world, aiming at a single Muslim state under one caliph. He says the Sanusi leader held that spiritual renewal and moral discipline had to precede political liberation. He also notes Ottoman unease in Tripoli that led the order to move to Jaghbub, and that the Sanusi declined to back the Mahdist revolt in Sudan. This is the plan as Arslan reports it; the wording was not checked here and should not be taken as settled Sanusi doctrine. - تصور
الشورى الإسلامية
Arslan presents shura as a basic principle of Islamic government in his chapters on the rightly guided caliphs. He recounts how Umar left the choice of a successor to a council of six companions, and how he ordered that a successor be chosen by consultation and that anyone seized power without consultation be killed. Arslan reads shura as resting on the community's will. Jurists have debated how binding it is, so this is the author's reading of the classical reports. - تصور
الحالة الاجتماعية في العرب قبل الإسلام
al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's picture of Jahili society: the high standing of women among the nobility and the mixing of the other classes, the four Jahili forms of marriage in Aisha's report, unlimited polygamy, marrying two sisters and a father's widow, divorce in men's hands, widespread fornication, treatment of children from tenderness to burial alive, tribal asabiyya and the maxim 'help your brother, wronging or wronged', the disjointed relations between tribes, and the sacred months as their mercy; the author judges the social condition to have been at its lowest. - تصور
التسامح والتعصب بين الإسلام وأوروبا
A short piece in which Arslan answers a European author on tolerance. He argues that Europeans in the Crusades and after were no less intolerant than the Ottomans at the siege of Vienna in 1683, citing the Crusader capture of Jerusalem and the end of Muslim rule in Sicily and al-Andalus. He says he does not accuse the author of bias and regards him as fair, but that Europeans overlook these events. This is Arslan's rejoinder; his figures for these events need checking. - تصور
الزيوف وقطع الدراهم
The zuyuf were Ajam-struck dirhams, adulterated — Ibn Mas'ud ordered them broken and sold his own baqiyya at a discount till Umar forbade it and he lent it out; Umar and Uthman melted whatever zuyuf the bayt al-mal held into silver. Umar II jailed a man striking off the sultan's die and threw his iron in the fire; Abd al-Malik took another and meant to cut his hand before punishing otherwise — Medina's elders approved. Marwan ibn al-Hakam had cut a dirham-cutter's hand — Zayd ibn Thabit: 'he punished him' — and Aban ibn Uthman at Medina lashed the cutter thirty and paraded him, that for one who hollowed dirhams and salted them with counterfeits. On cutting full-weight dirhams the jurists split: Malik and Ibn Abi Dhi'b disliked and forbade it as corruption; al-Thawri and Abu Hanifa saw no harm where it did not injure Islam and its people — and Ibn Ka'b read Shu'ayb's people's claim to do as they would in their wealth (Hud) as the cutting of dirhams. - ڈیٹاسیٹ
قائمة مهاجري الحبشة بحسب ابن إسحاق
A roster of the emigrants to Abyssinia with their clans and fates as Ibn Ishaq enumerates them in Ibn Hisham's recension (part 4, pp. 3–11): those carried on the two ships (sixteen men), the rest of the emigrants (thirty-four men), the women emigrants (sixteen), and those born in Abyssinia (five men and five women). - ڈیٹاسیٹ
بُناة مسجد الضرار
The list of twelve men whom Ibn Ishaq names as the builders of Masjid al-Dirar, each with his lineage as transmitted (part 4, p. 174). - ڈیٹاسیٹ
تعداد وألوية جيش فتح مكة
Tribal contingents and fighter numbers in the army of the Conquest of Mecca (10,000 men), extracted from Ibn Hisham's Sira (juz' 4 pp. 42, 63). - ڈیٹاسیٹ
شهداء حنين وأوطاس
Roster of Muslim martyrs at the Battle of Hunayn and the expedition of Awtas (Shawwal 8 AH) with their lineages and circumstances of death, extracted from Ibn Hisham's Sira (juz' 4 pp. 97–101). - ڈیٹاسیٹ
عطايا المؤلفة قلوبهم بالجعرانة
Roster of grant amounts and gifts distributed by the Prophet at al-Ji'rana (Shawwal 8 AH) to the chieftains of Quraysh and Najdi tribal leaders to reconcile their hearts, extracted from Ibn Hisham's Sira (juz' 4 pp. 135–138). - ڈیٹاسیٹ
مساجد النبي بين المدينة وتبوك
The seventeen places where, according to Ibn Ishaq, the Prophet had known named mosques between Medina and Tabuk (part 4, pp. 174–175). - ڈیٹاسیٹ
أزواج النبي بحسب ابن هشام: الترتيب والمهور والملاحظات
The list of wives Ibn Hisham gives in juz' 4 of the Sira: thirteen in all, eleven of whom the Prophet consummated, two of them (Khadija and Zaynab bint Khuzayma) dying before him; with the dowry as Ibn Hisham gives it and his notes on the variant reports. - ڈیٹاسیٹ
المشاركون والمتخلفون في غزوة تبوك
A table of those Ibn Ishaq names in the Tabuk expedition, by category: the weepers, those who stayed behind without doubt, the excused, the hypocrites who stayed behind, those appointed over Medina, the spenders, those who caught up, and those who died or made peace (part 4, pp. 159–173). - ڈیٹاسیٹ
شهداء حصار الطائف
Roster of Muslim martyrs who fell during the siege of the fortress of Ta'if (Shawwal 8 AH) with their lineages and clans, extracted from Ibn Hisham's Sira (juz' 4 pp. 128–129). - ڈیٹاسیٹ
مراحل قصة الثلاثة المخلفين
The stages of the story of Ka'b, Murara and Hilal as Ka'b's account in Ibn Ishaq relates them, from the prohibition on speaking to them to the announcement of their repentance (part 4, pp. 175–181). - واقعہ
فتح عباد بن زياد قندهار والقلانس العبادية
Abbad ibn Ziyad raided from Sijistan — Sanarudh, Kish, across the mafaza — and took Qandahar after hard fighting and Muslim dead; seeing the folk's tall caps he had them copied, whence the 'Abbadiyya — and Ibn Mufarrigh's line: 'how many a corpse of your troops by Qandahar unburied'. - واقعہ
ولاية عبد العزيز بن عبد الله بن عامر سجستان
Abd al-Aziz ibn Abdallah ibn Amir came governing Sijistan for al-Quba' — al-Harith ibn Abdallah ibn Abi Rabi'a al-Makhzumi — in Ibn al-Zubayr's days; they brought him into Zaranj and warred on Rutbil, whom Abu Afra'a Umayr al-Mazini killed as the unbelievers routed. Abdullah ibn Nashira al-Tamimi counselled Abd al-Aziz to take all the treasury and leave — then came himself and entered Zaranj; Waki' ibn Abi Sud alone stood by Abd al-Aziz, got him back in when the gates opened to the Khatiban, and expelled Ibn Nashira, who gathered a host and fought — his horse stumbled and he was killed, mourned in Abu Huzaba's (or Hanzala ibn Arada's) elegy 'no youth after Ibn Nashira the youth'. - واقعہ
توحيد النقود في عهد عبد الملك
Heraclius's dinars and the Persian Baghliyya dirhams reached Jahiliya Mecca and traded only as bullion: their mithqal twenty-two qirats less a fraction, ten dirhams seven mithqals, the ratl twelve uqiyyas of forty dirhams — weights the Prophet confirmed, and Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, and Mu'awiya after him. Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr struck a few dirhams under Ibn al-Zubayr, later broken; then Abd al-Malik asked and tested, wrote al-Hajjaj to strike dirhams at fifteen qirats of the dinar-qirats, and struck the Damascene dinars — which came to Medina with Companions and Followers there and none objected. Al-Hasan ibn Salih: the Ajam dirhams ran great and small — twenty, twelve, ten qirats — and when Islam needed the mean for zakah they summed forty-two and struck the third, fourteen qirats, so ten Arab dirhams weigh seven mithqals. Quraysh's weights: the dirham for silver, the dinar for gold, ten dirham-weights to seven dinar-weights, the sha'ira a sixtieth of a dirham, the uqiyya forty dirhams, the nashsh twenty, the nawa five — all confirmed when the Prophet entered Mecca. And Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab, asked who first struck engraved dinars, said 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan — dinars came Byzantine, dirhams Kisrawi and few Himyari'. - واقعہ
شأن عبد الله بن سوار بالقيقان
Abdallah ibn Sawar al-Abdi held the frontier, raided Qiqan, and gifted Mu'awiya Qiqani horses; back there the people summoned the Turks who killed him. So open-handed that none lit a fire but his — once, told a strange fire was a lying-in woman's khabis, he fed the whole camp khabis three days. - واقعہ
صلح عبد الله بن أمية ورتبيل الثاني
Abd al-Malik gave Khurasan to Umayya ibn Abdallah ibn Khalid ibn Asid, who sent his son Abdullah to Sijistan with covenant while at Kirman. The second Rutbil — king after the slain first — still feared the Muslims and truced Abdullah at Bust for a million; but when gifts and slaves were refused with 'fill this portico with gold or there is no peace', it proved a ruse: Rutbil emptied the land before him, then seized the defiles behind him and pressed him to withdraw taking nothing. Abdullah answered: 'rather take three hundred thousand as sulh, write us a deed, and never raid our land while I govern, nor burn nor ruin' — done; and Abd al-Malik, hearing, dismissed him. - واقعہ
قصيدة أبي المختار في عمال الأهواز
Abu al-Mukhtar Yazid ibn Qabs al-Sa'iq raised his poem against the Ahwaz officials to Umar: 'Tell the Commander of the Faithful, God's trustee in command and ban — leave not the rustaq-folk and villagers who gulp God's wealth; send to al-Hajjaj and learn his account, to Juzz and to Bishr, forget neither Nafi', nor Ibn Ghallab of Nasr's lords, nor al-Nu'man, nor the Banu-Ghazwan son-in-law, ask Shibl for the money and Ibn Muharrish.' Umar mulcted every named man of half his wealth — till he took a sandal and left a sandal — and when Abu Bakra objected 'I left you nothing' came 'your brother holds the treasury and Ubulla's tithes and lends you capital': ten thousand was taken, or half his estate. - واقعہ
إمامة أبي بكر في مرض النبي
تقریباً 26 مئی 632 عیسوی · 8 ربیع الاول 11 ھWhen the illness grew too heavy for the Prophet to come out, he sent word that Abu Bakr should lead the people; Abu Bakr led seventeen prayers, the Prophet once joined him sitting at his left, and Sunni tradition reads the appointment as a sign of Abu Bakr's standing. - واقعہ
خروج أبي بكر إلى نقع وإمرار خالد
Abu Bakr rode out with the Muhajirun and Ansar to Naq' facing Najd as the a'rab fled with their children; the people pressed him — 'return to Medina, to children and women, and set a man over the army' — till he returned and made Khalid ibn al-Walid commander, 'when they submit and give the sadaqa, whoever will may return'. Ibn Umar: as he sat his mount, Ali took its halter — 'where to, caliph of God's messenger? I tell you what he told you at Uhud: sheathe your sword, do not bereave us of yourself — by God, bereft of you, Islam has no order ever'. And his commission to Khalid: fight the people on the five — the testimony, the prayer, the zakah, the fast — one left out like all five; Khalid marched in Jumada II. - واقعہ
تخلف أبي ذر ولحاقه ماشياً
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھMan after man fell behind the Prophet on the march, and he would say: leave him; if there is good in him, God will bring him up to you. Then Abu Dharr was reported to have fallen behind, his camel slowing him, so he took his baggage on his back and set out on foot following the Prophet's tracks. When a watcher saw him the Prophet said: let it be Abu Dharr; and it was he. The Prophet prayed for him and said that he walks alone, dies alone and is raised alone. - واقعہ
غزو أبي دلف للديلم
Abu Dulaf al-Qasim ibn Isa raided Daylam in al-Ma'mun's reign and was governor under al-Mu'tasim in al-Afshin's Jibal command, taking fortresses — Iqlism whose people treated for tribute, Bumaj taken by force then brought to tribute-terms, al-Iblam and Andaq among others — while al-Afshin sent other raiders who took Daylami forts as well. - واقعہ
قتل بني أمية على نهر أبي فطرس
'Abd Allah ibn 'Ali's slaughter of eighty-odd Umayyads at Nahr Abi Futrus in Palestine — Wednesday, mid-Dhu'l-Qa'da 132. - واقعہ
استرداد أبي حمو تلمسان
11 فروری 1359 عیسوی · 8 ربیع الاول 760 ھWhen the sultan Abu Inan died in 759 AH, Abu Hammu Musa ibn Yusuf's resolve to reclaim his kingdom strengthened; the Dawawida and Zaghba carried him from Tunis to Tlemcen where the Marinid standing battalions lay, besieged it three days and stormed it at dawn of the fourth, Wednesday 8 Rabi I 760, took his palace and seat, received the caliphate's bay'a, and expelled the Marinids from his realm's cities. - واقعہ
تدبير أبي جهل لضرب النبي بحجر وهو ساجد
Abu Jahl announced that he would sit in wait for the Prophet with a stone to crush his head when he prostrated; when he drew near he saw a stallion camel barring his way and fled; the Prophet said it was Gabriel, who would have seized him had he come closer. - واقعہ
لحاق أبي خيثمة بالنبي
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھDays after the Prophet had marched, Abu Khaythama returned to his family on a hot day and found his two wives in two bowers they had prepared for him with cold water and food. He refused to enter, saying he would not sit in cool shade while the Prophet was out in the midday wind and heat; he took his provisions and his camel and went after the Prophet until he caught up with him at Tabuk. - واقعہ
إسلام أبي قحافة عثمان بن عامر
جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھAt Dhu Tuwa or upon the entry into Mecca, Abu Bakr led his aged, blind father Abu Quhafa to the Prophet to profess Islam; the Prophet remarked with tenderness that he should have gone to the old man instead, and instructed that his white hair be dyed. - واقعہ
حديث أبي رهم عن المتخلفين من غفار وأسلم
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھIbn Ishaq relates from al-Zuhri, from Ibn Ukayma al-Laythi, from the nephew of Abu Ruhm al-Ghifari that Abu Ruhm Kulthum ibn al-Husayn — one of those who pledged under the tree — campaigned to Tabuk. Riding near the Prophet at al-Akhdar his mount jostled the Prophet's, and the Prophet asked him about the Ghifar men who had stayed behind, then about a party of their Aslam allies, and said that the dearest of his people to him were those who did not stay behind: the Muhajirun of Quraysh, the Ansar, Ghifar and Aslam. - واقعہ
إسلام أبي سفيان بن حرب بمر الظهران
جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھAt Marr al-Zahran on the eve of the Conquest, al-Abbas brought Abu Sufyan into the Muslim camp; after witnessing the ten thousand campfires and parading contingents, Abu Sufyan professed Islam, and the Prophet granted general sanctuary to whoever entered his house. - واقعہ
بعثة أبي سفيان إلى المدينة لتجديد العقد
629 عیسوی · 8 ھFrightened by what had been done at al-Watir, Quraysh sent Abu Sufyan ibn Harb to Medina to stiffen the pact and extend its term. The Prophet gave him no answer; Abu Bakr and Umar declined to intercede; Ali advised him to grant protection himself, which he did and returned home empty-handed. - واقعہ
أبو طالب يجمع بني هاشم وبني المطلب
تقریباً 617 عیسویReading the escalating incidents — the deputations, the attempt to trade him for Amara ibn al-Walid, Abu Jahl's stone, Uqba's strangling attempt, Umar's unsheathed sword — Abu Talib sensed danger to his nephew and gathered Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib to stand with him; all answered except Abu Lahab, who sided with the enemy. - واقعہ
قصة ابن الأهثم أبي طينة
Abdallah ibn al-Ahtham, Abu Haqan, Qutayba's Marw deputy during campaigns, wrote al-Hajjaj denouncing him. Bashir of the Ahtham warned Qutayba — 'you've opened to a treacherous envious man' — dismissed as cousin-envy, though Bashir begged it stand as his excuse. When al-Hajjaj forwarded the letter and the courier rode past the Sakka without stopping, Ibn al-Ahtham sensed the trap and fled to Syria: years peddling wine and flax round his neck, then rag and cotton over one eye, styled Abu Tutayna the oilman — until al-Walid died and Sulayman rose, when he cast off the disguise and preached congratulations to Sulayman with attacks on al-Hajjaj and Qutayba — 'Abu Tutayna the oilman, the most eloquent of men'. Reading the letter, Qutayba struck the Banu Ahtham, killing nine; Bashir said 'remember my excuse' — 'you put one foot forward and held the other back, enemy of God' — and killed them all. Waki' ibn Abi Sud, deposed from Tamim's command for a Dabbi, swore then, missed zhuhr and asr, and when asked answered: 'how should I pray to a Lord who killed our best as boys and was not angered for them?' - واقعہ
الاحتلال الحبشي الثاني لليمن
525 عیسویIn 525, answering the Najran atrocity, the Roman emperors equipped an Abyssinian fleet which landed seventy thousand under Aryat; Aryat governed until his general Abraha killed him and ruled in his place — the Abraha of the elephant campaign against the Kaaba. - واقعہ
خطبة النبي في الأنصار بالجعرانة
فروری 630 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 8 ھWhen the Ansar received nothing of the lavish Hunayn grants and grumbled that 'the Prophet has rejoined his own people', Sa'd ibn Ubada conveyed their hurt and gathered them in an enclosure; the Prophet reminded them they had been astray and God guided them, destitute and God enriched them, enemies and God reconciled their hearts — then asked whether they were not content that people return with sheep and camels while they return to their homes with the Messenger of God; the Ansar wept until their beards were wet and declared themselves content with the Messenger of God as their share. - واقعہ
فتح أشروسنة على يد أحمد بن أبي خالد
Al-Ma'mun sent the katib Ahmad ibn Abi Khalid al-Ahwal in a great host; Kawus summoned the Turks through al-Fadl ibn Kawus — but Ahmad camped on the city by Haydar's short road before the Turks came, and Kawus, who had reckoned him bound to the long route, despaired and yielded. Al-Fadl drew the Turks into a waterless waste, slipped away to his father's aman, and the Turks perished of thirst. Kawus showed Islam at Baghdad and was re-kingdomed, then his son Haydar — al-Afshin — after him. - واقعہ
صلح بلخ ومسير الأحنف إلى خوارزم
Al-Ahnaf took Talaqan by sulh and Faryab — or Umair ibn al-Ahmar did — then marched on Balkh, the city of the Tukhara, whose people truced at four hundred thousand, or seven hundred on the sounder report; he left Asid ibn al-Mutashammis — some say his nephew — over it, then went against Khwarizm, all beyond the river with an eastern city, could not take it, and came back to a Balkh whose sulh Asid had already levied. - واقعہ
خطبة الأحنف لعمر في أهل البصرة
Al-Ahnaf ibn Qays came to Umar with the Basrans; Umar heard them one by one while al-Ahnaf sat silent in a corner till asked — then: 'our brothers of the garrison towns dwell between sweet waters and tangled gardens, and we in a reeking marsh whose dew never dries nor pasture grows, the briny sea eastward, the waste westward, no tillage no milk, our due reaching us like an ostrich's gullet; the weak man walks two farsakhs for sweet water and the woman miscarries her child going — lift our misery and mend our poverty or we are a people lost'. Umar joined Basra's children to the stipend and wrote Abu Musa to dig them a canal. - واقعہ
صلح الأحنف قصر الأحنف ومرو الروذ
Al-Ahnaf went toward Tugharistan to the place called Qasr al-Ahnaf — a fortress of Marw al-Rudh whose great rustaq bears his name, 'Shaqq al-Jarradh' — besieged it, and its folk truced at three hundred thousand; his condition: 'a man of ours enters the castle, gives the adhan in it, and stays among you till I return' — accepted, and the sulh covered the whole rustaq. At Marw al-Rudh they fought hard before being forced into the fort; its marzban, of Badhan of Yemen's line or kin, wrote that Badhan's Islam summoned him to peace — truced at sixty thousand, al-Mada'ini's sources say six hundred — after al-Ahnaf's horse had already taken Rustaq Bagh with its herds. - واقعہ
وقعة الأحنف بطخارستان
Tukharistan massed against the Muslims — Juzjan, Talaqan, Faryab and their neighbors to thirty thousand, with the Saghaniyan from the river's east bank. Back at his castle al-Ahnaf overheard by night a man tending his fire or kneading dough: 'the move is to camp between the Marghab and the mountain — river right, mountain left — and you face no more than your own number'. He took it, five thousand Muslims — four thousand Arabs, a thousand Ajam converts — waved his banner and charged; the Saghaniyan king drove his spear at al-Ahnaf, who wrenched it from his hand and fought on, killing three drum-bearers one after another; then the rout — slaughter wherever they found them, and the foe laid down arms in safety. - واقعہ
نظر المأمون في مزارعة الأهواز
Al-Rashid granted Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi the Ahwaz musarra'a lands; a doubt entered the grant, was raised to al-Ma'mun, who ordered review — the undisputed executed, the doubted marked 'al-mashkuk fihi' — a designation still current in al-Ahwaz. - واقعہ
فتنة خلاط وقتل أهلها
1207 عیسوی · 604 ھ604: the moment al-Awhad's back was turned, Akhlat's people expelled his garrison and cried a dead Shah-Arman's name; he returned with Jaziran reinforcements, breached the city on the people's own envy of one another, massacred many, and sent the notables to Mayyafariqin to be killed in daily batches — 'the fitiyan, who had made and unmade kings, were scattered and the people spared their evil'. - واقعہ
ملك العادل يافا وملك الفرنج بيروت
ستمبر 1197 عیسوی · شوال 593 ھShawwal 593: al-Adil massed the Ayyubid armies at Ayn Jalut, stormed Jaffa's citadel in a day and took all in it as booty and captives. The German-led Frankish relief reached Caesarea too late — their king Henry of Champagne had fallen from a high place at Acre and died, throwing them into confusion. The Ayyubids then razed Beirut's walls; the Franks slipped in, reoccupied it and besieged Tibnin before withdrawing. - واقعہ
رسالة الأوزاعي إلى صالح بن علي
In al-Baladhuri through Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam from Ahmad ibn Kathir: a body rose in Mount Lebanon complaining of the kharaj administrator of Ba'labakk, and when word reached Salih ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn al-Abbas that the Byzantines had abetted them he sent troops who killed their fighters, kept the rest on their religion, returned them to their villages and exiled a company of Lebanon's people; al-Awza'i wrote him a long letter — al-Qasim ibn Sallam memorised from it — saying: 'among those you exiled of the dhimmis of Mount Lebanon were men who had not abetted the rising of those you killed, while you returned the rest to their villages, as you know — so how are the many taken for the sins of the few, expelled from their homes and wealth, when God's ruling is «no bearer of burdens bears another's burden», the worthiest thing to be held to and followed, and the worthiest testament kept is the Messenger's, who said: whoever wrongs a covenant-holder and lays on him beyond his capacity, I am his adversary', and more. - واقعہ
ثلاث سنوات من الدعوة السرية
تقریباً 610 عیسویThe first stage of the call to Islam — individual and secret for three years — in which the first band believed: Khadija, Ali, Zayd and Abu Bakr on the first day, then those whom Abu Bakr called, then a company Ibn Hisham numbers at over forty from every clan of Quraysh; during it prayer was first prescribed. - واقعہ
غزو الحارث بن مرة القيقان ومقتله
Al-Harith ibn Murra al-Abdi went as a volunteer to the Indian frontier with Ali's leave — took booty and captives, divided a thousand heads in one day — then was killed with nearly all his men in al-Qiqan in 42h, that land of Sind adjoining Khurasan. - واقعہ
استئذان الجد بن قيس في التخلف
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھAl-Jadd ibn Qays of Banu Salima asked the Prophet whether he had any part in fighting the Banu al-Asfar, meaning the Byzantines, and excused himself as a man too fond of women who feared temptation; the Prophet turned away from him and gave him leave. Ibn Ishaq says a verse of Sura al-Tawba was revealed about him, explaining that his falling into temptation by staying behind was greater than what he feared. - واقعہ
ولاية الجرشي وفتح حصون السغد
Sa'id ibn Amr al-Jarashi came to Khurasan; his lettered 'ahd read with solecisms, he told the people 'the amir is innocent of this lahn'. He invited Sughd back to obedience, held off battle till his envoys reported defiance, then marched — some twelve thousand broke from their leader to submission — and he opened most of Sughd's fortresses with satisfying gain. - واقعہ
ولاية الجنيد بن عبد الرحمن خراسان وحربه الترك
In 112h Hisham gave Khurasan to al-Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri; his vanguard caught the Khaqan's son drunk hunting — sent to Hisham — and he fought on till the Turks were driven off. Reinforced by Amr ibn Muslim with ten thousand Basrans, Abd al-Rahman ibn Nu'aym with ten thousand Kufans, thirty thousand spears, thirty thousand shields, and an open stipend for fifteen thousand men, his raids prospered — while the Hashimi da'is spread and grew strong in his rule. He died at Marw; Hisham then gave Khurasan to Asim ibn Abdallah al-Hilali. Abu Ubayda notes the Tukharistan districts al-Junayd had breached were returned to their sulh. - واقعہ
عهد المأمون إلى علي الرضا
تقریباً 817 عیسوی · 201 ھIn year 201 al-Ma'mun deposed his brother al-Mu'tamin from the succession and made Ali al-Rida ibn Musa al-Kazim heir — moved by his Shi'ite devotion, it was said, to the point of considering abdication outright. He it was who dubbed him 'al-Rida', struck dirhams in his name, married him to his daughter, wrote it to all the provinces and ordered the black dropped for green. The Abbasids took it extremely ill — they rose and swore to Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi 'al-Mubarak'. - واقعہ
صلح الرور
Months besieged on its hill, al-Rur yielded by sulh — no killing, no laying hands on their budd, 'for the budd is as the churches of Christians and Jews and the fire-houses of Magians' — kharaj laid and a mosque built; then al-Sikka before Bayas fell, a ruin today. - واقعہ
دخول أهل ألموت في الإسلام سنة 608هـ
تقریباً 1211 عیسوی · 608 ھIn 608 came the envoy of Jalal al-Din Hasan, lord of Alamut, announcing his people's entry into Islam — their abjuration of the Batiniyya, the building of mosques and the fasting of Ramadan — and the caliph rejoiced. - واقعہ
سرية علي بن أبي طالب إلى الفلس صنم طيء
مارچ 631 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 9 ھIn Rabi' al-Awwal 9 AH the Prophet sent Ali ibn Abi Talib with one hundred and fifty men — a hundred camels and fifty horses, a black banner and a white standard — to demolish al-Fuls, the idol-temple of Tayy'; they raided Hatim's quarter at dawn, demolished it, and took captives among them Adi ibn Hatim's sister, whose appeal to the Prophet led to her release and to Adi's coming from Syria and accepting Islam. - واقعہ
غزوة علي بن أبي طالب اليمن (غزاها مرتين)
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 10 ھIbn Ishaq says in his enumeration of detachments: and Ali ibn Abi Talib's expedition to Yemen, which he made twice; Ibn Hisham adds from Abu Amr al-Madani that the Prophet sent Ali to Yemen and Khalid ibn al-Walid with another force, saying: if you meet, Ali is the commander. Ibn Hisham notes that Ibn Ishaq mentioned Khalid's dispatch in his narrative but not in his count, so the number should be thirty-nine. - واقعہ
استخلاف علي على أهل النبي وقول النبي له
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھThe Prophet left Ali in charge of his family and ordered him to stay with them. The hypocrites spread the rumour that he had found Ali a burden, so Ali took up his weapons and caught up with the Prophet at al-Jurf. The Prophet told him he had left him behind for what he had left behind him, and asked: are you not content to be to me as Aaron was to Moses, except that there is no prophet after me? Ali returned to Medina. - واقعہ
غلب العلافيين على ثغر مكران ووقعة سعيد بن أسلم
Under al-Hajjaj, Sa'id ibn Aslam al-Kilabi held Makran's frontier till the Allafi brothers Mu'awiya and Muhammad, sons of al-Harith, rose and killed him — Allaf being Rabban ibn Hulwan of Quda'a, Abu Jurm. Al-Hajjaj then gave the thaghr to Mujja'a ibn Si'r al-Tamimi, who raided, took plunder, and opened parts of Qandabil — finished later by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim — dying in Makran within the year. His successor Muhammad ibn Harun al-Namari received, for al-Hajjaj, the king of Jazirat al-Yaqut's gift of Muslim-born women orphaned of merchant fathers. - واقعہ
خلع المأمون دعوة الموحدين
1229 عیسوی · 626 ھIn 626 AH the caliph al-Ma'mun entered Marrakesh, arraigned the Almohad shaykhs and killed a hundred notables, then ordered Ibn Tumart's name struck from coinage and khutba and cursed in the Berber call to prayer, added «أصبح والحمد لله» to the dawn adhan, licensed a church in Marrakesh, and expelled the Muwahhidun from al-Andalus where the populace killed them — a repudiation reversed only when his son al-Rashid repurchased the shaykhs' allegiance by restoring the Mahdi's rites. - واقعہ
كتبة الأوس والخزرج وأهل الكمال
Al-Waqidi: writing in Arabic was rare among Aws and Khazraj; some Jews had taught Arabic writing, and the boys learned it in early Medina. When Islam came, those who wrote were Sa'd ibn 'Ubada ibn Dulaym, al-Mundhir ibn 'Amr, Ubayy ibn Ka'b, Zayd ibn Thabit — who wrote Arabic and Hebrew — Rafi' ibn Malik, Usayd ibn Hudayr, Ma'n ibn 'Adi al-Balawi the Ansars' ally, Bashir ibn Sa'd, Sa'd ibn al-Rabi', Aws ibn Khawli and Abdallah ibn Ubayy. The kamil — who joined writing, archery and swimming — were Rafi' ibn Malik, Sa'd ibn 'Ubada, Usayd ibn Hudayr, Abdallah ibn Ubayy and Aws ibn Khawli; and of Jahiliya Yathrib, Suwayd ibn al-Samit and Hudayr al-Kata'ib. Zayd ibn Thabit: 'the Prophet ordered me to learn the Jews' script — I do not trust the Jews with my correspondence — and before half a month passed I had learned it: I wrote his letters to the Jews, and when they wrote to him I read their letters'. - واقعہ
ارتداد عمرو بن معدي كرب بعد وفاة النبي
632 عیسوی · 11 ھAmr ibn Ma'dikarib stayed among Banu Zubayd under Farwa ibn Musayk; when the Prophet died he apostatised and said two verses disparaging Farwa's rule, calling him Abu Umayr. He was later captured in the ridda and returned to Islam, as Ibn Hajar reports from Sayf. - واقعہ
فتح الجوزجان على يدي الأقرع بن حابس
Fugitives reached Juzjan; al-Ahnaf sent al-Aqra' ibn Habis al-Tamimi with horse and the charge: 'sons of Tamim — love one another, give freely, set your affairs right, and open with the jihad of your bellies and loins; let your faith be sound and do not defraud, that your jihad prosper'. A first turn went against the Muslims; they wheeled back, routed the foe and stormed Juzjan — Ibn al-Ghariza's verses mourning the youths fallen between its two castles. - واقعہ
قتل الأمير أقطاي سنة 652هـ
تقریباً 1254 عیسوی · 652 ھIn Sha'ban 652 the amir Faris al-Din Aqtay — al-Salih's thousand-dinar mamluk turned overbearing under his comrade al-Mu'izz, demanding the Citadel itself for his wedding to the Hamah prince's daughter — was killed by plot of al-Mu'izz and Shajar al-Durr; when his seven hundred mamluks ringed the Citadel, his head was thrown down and they scattered. - واقعہ
حصار العرب للقسطنطينية في خلافة معاوية
Arslan's chapter on Arab sieges of Constantinople describes the first large attempt, under Mu'awiya, when a fleet sailed from Tripoli in Syria under Busr ibn Abi Artat, and a land army is thought to have begun the siege. He reports disagreement among Arab historians over the death of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari during the siege, and doubts the later legend of his grave. The same chapter notes a later siege under Harun al-Rashid that ended in a truce and tribute. This is Arslan's compilation of sources that disagree on the dates. - واقعہ
وضع الخط العربي وانتشاره
Al-Sharqi ibn al-Quttami: three Tayyi' men met at Baqqa — Muramir ibn Murra, Aslam ibn Sidra and Amir ibn Jadara — and devised the script, measuring Arabic's spelling against the Syriac. Men of al-Anbar learned it from them, al-Hira from al-Anbar; and Bishr ibn Abd al-Malik — brother of Ukaydir, the Christian lord of Dumat al-Jandal who sojourned at al-Hira — learned it there, came to Mecca, and taught its letters then its script to Sufyan ibn Umayya ibn Abd Shams and Abu Qays ibn Abd Manaf ibn Zuhra ibn Kilab. The three went trading to al-Ta'if; Ghaylan ibn Salama al-Thaqafi learned with them. Bishr went on to Mudar's lands where Amr ibn Zurara ibn Udas learned — he is called Amr the Scribe — then to al-Sham where men learned it; and a man of Tabukha learned from the Tayyi' three and taught a man of Wadi al-Qura, who settled there and taught its people. - واقعہ
فتنة عرفات وقتل ابن المقدم
تقریباً 24 اگست 1187 عیسوی · 9 ذوالحجہ 583 ھOn Arafat's eve in the conquest year 583, the Syrian pilgrimage's kettle-drums signalled departure before the Iraqi caravan's — amir al-hajj Mujir al-Din Tashtakin forbade it, Ibn al-Muqaddam answered 'you command the Iraqi Hajj, I the Syrian', and moved; the Iraqi troops and rabble stormed the Syrian pilgrims, killing, plundering and briefly taking women, while Ibn al-Muqaddam — out of reverence for the place and day — held his men from fighting; mortally wounded, he died at Mina and was buried at al-Ma'la, 'granted martyrdom after jihad and witnessing Jerusalem's conquest'. - واقعہ
ولاية أسد بن عبد الله خراسان
Asad made al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Mammarta over Samarqand, where Turkish raids he could never catch drove him to pray in khutba 'cut their tracks, hasten their fates, take patience from them' — the Samarqandis cursed him back: 'rather send patience on us and shake their feet'. Asad took Ghurud's sulh and conversion in the Nimrud mountains; at Balkh he ordered the city rebuilt and the diwans moved there, gained nothing at al-Khattl amid famine, beat Nasr ibn Sayyar for reported talk and sent him to Khalid with three charged with shu'ubiyya — then left al-Hakam ibn Awana al-Kalbi in his place. - واقعہ
نزول الأساورة البصرة
At Tustar's siege the asawira showed no treachery; Abu Musa told Siyah 'you are not what we supposed' — Siyah answered 'our insight is not yours, and we hold no sacrality over you to fear for and fight: we entered this religion at its dawn seeking refuge, and it may be God's generous provision'. Granted top-tier stipends, they asked at Basra which clan was nearest the Prophet's kin — 'Banu Tamim' — so they allied them (the Azd having turned them away), took their plots, and dug the canal still called Nahr al-Asawira. Shirawayh had wished Bakr ibn Wa'il; Siyah refused, they settled with Tamim; the Sayabija and Zutt joined and Tamim contested for them — the asawira ending in Banu Sa'd, the Zutt and Sayabija in Banu Hanzala — fighting the polytheists and riding with Ibn Amir to Khurasan. - واقعہ
إسلام الأساورة وشروطهم
Siyah al-Uswari led Yazdgard's vanguard; sent to Ahwaz he camped at al-Kalbaniyya while Abu Musa besieged al-Sus — then seeing Islam's ascendancy he offered: we enter your religion, fight your enemies among the Persians, fight none of you in your internal disputes, you defend us if Arabs attack, we settle where we wish among you and rank in the highest stipend — compact sealed with the amir. Abu Musa countered 'you have what we have and owe what we owe'; they refused, so he wrote Umar, who wrote back: grant them all they asked. - واقعہ
استخلاف الواثق أشناس التركي على السلطنة
تقریباً 843 عیسوی · 228 ھIn year 228 al-Wathiq installed Ashinas al-Turki over the sultanate, clothing him in two jewelled sashes and a jewelled crown; al-Suyuti thinks him the first caliph to appoint a sultan — for the Turks had only multiplied in his father's days. - واقعہ
قتل الملك الأشرف خليل سنة 693هـ
تقریباً 1293 عیسوی · 693 ھIn 693 the amir Baydara murdered al-Ashraf Salah al-Din Khalil as he sat alone after the hunt, was enthroned as al-Malik al-Qahir, then the Khasakiyya under Kitbugha routed and killed him and restored al-Nasir Muhammad; the vizier Ibn al-Sal'us was seized and stripped — warned in verse 'beware the bite of al-Shuja'i', he died of it — and when al-Shuja'i besieged Kitbugha in the Citadel the sultan's mamluks killed him and paraded him through the town to public joy. - واقعہ
أشرس والجزية عن أهل ما وراء النهر
Al-Ashras ibn Abdallah al-Sulami, swayed by his Nabati katib Umayra, raised Khurasan's levies, scorned the dahqans, summoned Transoxanians to Islam and dropped jizya from converts — they rushed to Islam and the kharaj collapsed — so he took musalama anyway, to their protest. Thabit 'Qutna' al-Azdi — cotton-plugged for his gouged eye — raged for them; al-Ashras scattered the gathering, jailed and bailed him, then sent him on a posting where the Turks killed him. - واقعہ
مؤامرة عامر بن الطفيل وأربد بن قيس
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھWithin the Banu Amir delegation of 9 AH, Amir ibn al-Tufayl engaged the Prophet in talk while Arbad ibn Qays circled behind him and half-drew his sword; the tradition reports that God restrained his hand, and on their return Arbad was struck by lightning and Amir died of a throat swelling. - واقعہ
مقتل أبي رافع سلام بن أبي الحقيق
تقریباً مئی 627 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 5 ھIn Dhu al-Hijja 5 AH, five Khazrajite Companions led by Abdullah ibn Atik infiltrated Khaybar by night and eliminated Sallam ibn Abi al-Huqayq (Abu Rafi'), a primary financier and organizer of the confederate army at the Trench. - واقعہ
قضايا عطاء الورثة والموتى
Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam asked Uthman, after Abdallah ibn Mas'ud's death, for Abdallah's stipend — 'his dependents deserve it more than the bayt al-mal' — and took fifteen thousand, being Ibn Mas'ud's executor. Umar II gave an earned stipend to a dead man's heirs; Umar gave two-thirds of a year's stipend to a man who died eight months in. Three mamluks of Banu Affan who witnessed Badr drew three thousand each yearly; Ali enrolled an exposed infant at a hundred; Umar II enrolled Marwan ibn Shuja', still weaning, at ten dinars; and asked when a newborn's share falls due, al-Husayn (or al-Hasan) said 'when he cries out'. - واقعہ
بعد بدر: القتلى والأسرى والأنفال وأخبار المدينة ومكة
تقریباً مارچ 624 عیسوی · تقریباً رمضان 2 ھ†Fourteen Muslims were martyred, about seventy Meccans were killed and about seventy taken captive; the dead were thrown into a well, Mecca received the news of the rout, the Prophet sent two messengers to Medina, the spoils were divided after a dispute, the captives were ransomed, and fasting and zakat al-fitr were prescribed. - واقعہ
يوم بدر: الصف والمبارزة ونصر الله
تقریباً 17 مارچ 624 عیسوی · تقریباً 21 رمضان 2 ھ†On the Friday of 17 Ramadan in the second year of the Hijra the two armies met at Badr; the Prophet prayed to his Lord at the height of the fighting, the angels came down, God routed the Meccan army, and their chiefs fell after duels whose first were between Hamza, Ali and Ubayda and Utba, Shayba and al-Walid; Iblis fled in the form of Suraqa. - واقعہ
المجلس الاستشاري عشية بدر
رمضان 2 ھThe consultative council the Prophet held at Dhi Afran after news of the Quraysh levy reached him, in which the Muslim commanders — and Sa'd ibn Mu'adh speaking for the Ansar — pledged to fight beyond the letter of the Aqaba pledge. - واقعہ
مبارزة بدر
13 مارچ 624 عیسوی · 17 رمضان 2 ھThe opening single combat of Badr: Utba, Shayba and al-Walid of Quraysh against Ubayda, Hamza and Ali; all three Qurayshis fell, and Ubayda died of his wound days later. - واقعہ
التعبئة قبل بدر: عير أبي سفيان ونفير مكة وخروج النبي
تقریباً مارچ 624 عیسوی · تقریباً رمضان 2 ھ†In Ramadan of the second year of the Hijra the Prophet set out to intercept Abu Sufyan's caravan returning from Syria; Quraysh mustered to defend it, and the two armies moved towards Badr; Abu Sufyan turned the caravan to the coast, Banu Zuhra withdrew under al-Akhnas ibn Shariq, and the Meccan army pressed on to Badr, where the Prophet learned their numbers from two water-carriers. - واقعہ
قضية أسارى بدر
رمضان 2 ھThe aftermath decision over the seventy Badr captives: the consultation in which Abu Bakr advised ransom and Umar advised execution, the ransom terms (1000–4000 dirhams, or teaching ten boys to write), the executions of al-Nadr and Uqba, and the exegetical comments in 8:67-68 and 47:4. - واقعہ
القليب — دفن قتلى المشركين ببدر
رمضان 2 ھAfter the battle the Quraysh dead were cast into a pit (the qulayb) at Badr, where the Prophet addressed them by name; when Umar asked how he spoke to the dead he answered that they heard him no less than the living. - واقعہ
فتن محلات بغداد سنة 601
اپریل 1205 عیسوی · شعبان 601 ھ601: Baghdad's quarters went to war over dead lions — Bab al-Azj's people killed a lion and meant to parade it triumphantly; the Ma'muniyya barred the procession and swords came out at the Great Orchard. Another lion sparked Qattafa against al-Qariyya; a quarrel set Suq al-Sultan against al-Ja'fariyya in the cemetery — until a great caliphal mamluk patrolled the city killing suspects and the quarters quieted. - واقعہ
لقاء الراهب بحيرا ببصرى
تقریباً 583 عیسویWhen Abu Talib's trade caravan stopped at Busra in Syria, the monk Bahira (whose name the book gives as Jirjis) recognized the twelve-year-old Muhammad by 'the seal of prophethood' between his shoulders, and advised his uncle to take him home for fear of the Jews. - واقعہ
وقعة بلاط الشهداء
تقریباً اکتوبر 732 عیسوی · تقریباً رمضان 114 ھAbd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi's great raid into Francia ended in Ramadan 114 at Balat al-Shuhada — 'the Martyrs' Causeway', the Poitiers of Frankish memory — where his army was destroyed. - واقعہ
ملك الغورية بلخ من الخطا
1198 عیسوی · 594 ھ594: on the death of its Turkish tribute-lord Aziya, Baha al-Din Sam of Bamiyan — nephew of both Ghurid sultans — marched on Balkh, took it, cut the yearly tribute to the Qara Khitai and raised the khutba for Ghiyath al-Din, 'returning it to the lands of Islam'; the Khita's answering expedition under Tayanku crossed the Oxus that winter and broke before the Ghurid army. - واقعہ
نهب بني عامر البصرة
تقریباً 16 فروری 1192 عیسوی · 6 صفر 588 ھSafar 588: Banu Amir under their amir Umayra stormed Basra — beating the caliphal deputy at the Maydan gate, breaching the wall by night, plundering the shore-khans, then leaving to rout Khafaja and Muntafiq and returning on Monday to finish the sack over two days while the townsfolk fled across the channels; Ibn al-Athir adds he saw the same story with his own eyes in 593. - واقعہ
إذن الحمامات بالبصرة
Muslim ibn Abi Bakra drew a thousand dirhams and much food daily from his bathhouse; sick, he willed it to his brother Abd al-Rahman and told him the yield — who disclosed it and asked the Sultan's leave to build his own, baths being built at Basra only by the governors' permission. Leave followed for Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra, al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As, Siyah al-Uswari, al-Husayn ibn Abi al-Hurr al-Anbari, Rayta bint Ziyad, Lababa bint Awfa al-Jarashi for two, and al-Munjab ibn Rashid; Muslim recovered to find his yield ruined and kept saying 'may God cut his mercy'. - واقعہ
صياح أهل البصرة بعبد الله بن علي
After al-Mughitha, al-Mansur meant to carve an estate from the batiha and ordered al-Subaytiyya — hateful to Sulayman and the Basrans, who massed at the door of Abdallah ibn Ali, then a fugitive from al-Mansur at his brother Sulayman's, crying 'Commander of the Faithful, come down, we give you bay'a'. Sulayman dispersed them and sent al-Mansur a delegation — Suwayd ibn Abdallah al-Tamimi, al-Anazi, Dawud ibn Abi Hind, Ali ibn Bashir, Sa'id ibn Abi Aruba — with a picture of the batiha, warning the water would turn brackish; al-Mansur held 'I see it otherwise' — then came to Basra and had al-Subaytiyya extracted. - واقعہ
وقعة مخاضة الأحزان وتخريب حصن بيت يعقوب
1179 عیسوی · 575 ھThe Franks built a strong castle by Jacob's Ford near Banias at the 'Ford of Sorrows'; in 575 Saladin, holding Banias, sent out a foraging escort that the Frankish king's whole host fell upon — he raced up, the Muslims were nearly flung from their stands, then broke the Franks: their king escaped alone while Balian 'ibn Barzan' of Ramla and Nablus, his brother of Jubayl, the lord of Tiberias, the masters of the Templars and Hospitallers and the lord of Janin were taken. Ibn Barzan ransomed himself for 150,000 Tyrian dinars and a thousand Muslim captives; the day's work was Izz al-Din Farrukhshah's, who recited al-Mutanabbi's two verses and threw himself on death — then Saladin demolished the fort. - واقعہ
يوم الردم بين مراد وهمدان
تقریباً 620 (تقریباً) عیسویA battle shortly before Islam between Murad and Hamdan in which Hamdan did as they wished with Murad and inflicted heavy losses; Hamdan was led by al-Ajda' ibn Malik according to Ibn Ishaq, by Malik ibn Harim al-Hamdani according to Ibn Hisham. Farwa ibn Musayk of Murad composed verses on it, and the Prophet asked him on his arrival whether what befell his people on the Day of al-Radm grieved him. - واقعہ
وقعة الري بين طاهر وعلي بن عيسى
Tahir's four thousand broke 'Ali ibn 'Isa's army by Rayy — the two-handed blow that named him Dhu'l-Yaminayn, 'his head before me and his seal on my finger'. - واقعہ
غزوة بدر الكبرى
13 مارچ 624 عیسوی · 17 رمضان 2 ھThe first major battle between the Muslims of Medina and the Quraysh of Mecca, fought at the wells of Badr on 17 Ramadan 2 AH. - واقعہ
وقعة باخمرى
Ibrahim ibn 'Abd Allah's stand at Bakhamra in the taff-land sixteen farsakhs from Kufa — dead with four hundred of his Zaydi followers. - واقعہ
حرب دير الأعور
Abu Muslim's months of trench warfare at Dayr al-A'war by Nisibis broke 'Abd Allah ibn 'Ali's Syrian bid for the caliphate. - واقعہ
وقعة دير الجاثليق
72 ھ - واقعہ
يوم ذي قار
تقریباً 604 عیسویKhosrow’s marzabans and the governor Iyas ibn Qabisa marched to wrest al-Nuʾman’s deposited family and wealth from Hani ibn Masʾud; Banu Shayban met them at Dhu Qar and routed the Persians utterly — the first day the Arabs defeated the Persians, shortly after the Prophet’s birth. - واقعہ
وقعة فخ
The Hasanid rising cut down at Fakhkh, six miles from Mecca on the day of Tarwiya — its survivors scattered to Daylam and worse. - واقعہ
غزوة حنين
تقریباً 630 عیسوی · شوال 8 ھA battle in a valley near Mecca against the tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif, shortly after the conquest of Mecca. - واقعہ
غزوة خيبر
تقریباً مئی 628 عیسوی · محرم 7 ھIn Muharram 7 AH (May-June 628 CE), the Prophet marched with 1,400 companions of Hudaybiyya against the formidable Jewish oasis of Khaybar; following fierce assaults and the capture of eight major fortresses (including Na'im, al-Sa'b ibn Mu'adh, al-Zubayr, Ubayy, and al-Qamus), the Jewish leaders surrendered and agreed to cultivate the land for half of its produce. - واقعہ
وقعة الخازر
66 ھ - واقعہ
موقعة مرج راهط
64 ھ - واقعہ
غزوة مؤتة
ستمبر 629 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 8 ھA Muslim force of three thousand sent north toward the Byzantine frontier met a larger Byzantine-led army at Mu'tah in Jumada I, 8 AH; after its three appointed commanders fell one by one, Khalid ibn al-Walid took command and withdrew the survivors. Ibn Ishaq (via Urwa ibn al-Zubayr) records a tactical withdrawal; Ibn Hisham cites al-Zuhri that God granted them victory. - واقعہ
معركة نيقوبوليس سنة 1396م
In Arslan's account of the Ottoman siege of Constantinople, Bayezid I, besieging the city in 1396, learned of a relief army led by Sigismund of Hungary, with French knights, and met it at Nicopolis in Bulgaria. Arslan gives 25 September 1396 as the date, reports a crushing defeat of the Christian army, and notes a French source that speaks of two battles. This is Arslan's report and has not been checked against the standard histories. - واقعہ
وقعة ريشهر ومقتل شهرك
Shahrak, marzban of Fars, mustered a great host at Rayshahr near Tawwaj; al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As met him with Sawwar ibn Hammam al-Abdi on the vanguard — a fierce fight, with a warden posted at the wadi to kill any fugitive. An aswari champion fleeing begged him 'we fight a God-aided people — see this arrow split a stone, yet it could not have scratched them' — then word came of Shahrak's death: Sawwar had stabbed him off his horse and finished him, and Shahrak's son charged and killed Sawwar. The polytheists routed, Rayshahr fell by force — a day like al-Qadisiyya in its hardship and blessing; Amr ibn al-Ahtam bore the victory-verse to Umar. - واقعہ
معركة شذونة
رمضان 92 ھ - واقعہ
غزوة الأحزاب (الخندق)
تقریباً فروری 627 عیسوی · شوال 5 ھIn Shawwal 5 AH (February-March 627 CE), a confederate army of 10,000 Meccans and Bedouin allies besieged Medina; upon Salman al-Farisi's advice the Muslims dug a protective trench on their northern boundary; the siege endured for nearly a month amidst cold, hunger, and the treachery of Banu Qurayza, until broken by Nu'aym ibn Mas'ud's stratagem and a violent night windstorm. - واقعہ
غزوة أحد
مارچ 625 عیسوی · شوال 3 ھA battle near Mount Uhud in which the Quraysh gained the upper hand and Hamza, the Prophet's uncle, was killed. - واقعہ
وقعة شهاب الدين بملك الهند وأخذ أجمير
1192 عیسوی · 588 ھ588 (1192): brooding since his 583 defeat — 'I have not slept with my wife nor changed my white clothes since that kafir beat me' — Shihab al-Din al-Ghuri marched for Hind, drew the pursuing king four stages deep, then loosed seventy thousand horse on a night encirclement; at dawn, while the Indians kept to their bedding custom, the host struck from every side; the king stood on his elephant till taken, was dragged by the beard before Shihab al-Din, exchanged the famous words — 'I had a golden fetter for you' / 'we give you no rank worth a fetter' — saw Ajmer iqta'd to the mamluk Qutb al-Din Aybak, and was killed. - واقعہ
بيعة عثمان بن عفان
تقریباً نومبر 644 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 23 ھUthman was given the bay'a three nights after Umar's burial. Before dying, Umar had sent Abu Talha al-Ansari to stand with fifty Ansar at the door of the house where the six-man shura met, letting none enter and giving them three days to name one of themselves. Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, who had withdrawn his own candidacy, sounded each candidate in private — Uthman named Ali, Ali named Uthman, al-Zubayr named 'Ali or Uthman', Sa'd named Uthman — then consulted the notables and found most inclined to Uthman. He first offered Ali the bay'a on the Book, the Sunna and the conduct of Abu Bakr and Umar; Ali answered 'to the best of my ability', while Uthman answered 'yes'; so Abd al-Rahman took Uthman's hand and pledged, and the Muhajirun and Ansar pledged. Ibn Mas'ud said when Uthman was pledged: 'we have invested the best of those remaining, and we did not fall short'. - واقعہ
البيعة ليزيد بولاية العهد
تقریباً 670 عیسوی · 50 ھMu'awiya summoned the Syrians to pledge the succession to his son Yazid — the first to bequeath the caliphate to a son and the first to do so in his own lifetime — and wrote to Marwan at Medina to take the pledge. Marwan preached that the caliph wished to appoint Yazid 'after the manner of Abu Bakr and Umar'; Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr rose: 'rather after the manner of Chosroes and Caesar — neither of them gave it to a son or any of their house'. When Muawiya made the hajj in 51 he took the pledge in person: Ibn Umar answered that earlier caliphs had sons no worse than Yazid yet chose for the Muslims, while disclaiming any wish to break the community's staff; Ibn Abi Bakr leapt up vowing to return the matter to shura; Ibn al-Zubayr retorted 'if you are weary of rule, retire and bring your son — whom would we obey if we pledged you both?'. Muawiya then announced from the minbar that the three had 'heard, obeyed and pledged' — which the crowd affirmed and they denied. - واقعہ
البيعة ليزيد بولاية العهد
56 ھ - واقعہ
بيعة الرضوان
تقریباً مارچ 628 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 6 ھIn Dhu al-Qa'da 6 AH at al-Hudaybiyya, following rumors that Uthman ibn Affan had been murdered in Mecca, the Prophet summoned the 1,400 Companions to pledge under an acacia tree not to flee and to fight unto death; God revealed His pleasure with the pledge in Surat al-Fath. - واقعہ
بيعة علي بن أبي طالب
تقریباً 656 عیسوی · 35 ھAli was given the bay'a the day after Uthman was killed, at Medina; all the Companions present pledged — though it is said Talha and al-Zubayr pledged unwillingly before leaving for Mecca, where they took Aisha and set out for Basra seeking vengeance for Uthman's blood. Ali had at first refused: 'that is not yours to give; it belongs to the men of Badr — whoever they approve is caliph'; every remaining Badri then came to him and pledged. - واقعہ
المعذّرون من الأعراب
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھBedouin came making excuses to the Prophet, and God did not excuse them, according to Ibn Ishaq; they were reported to him as a group of Banu Ghifar. - واقعہ
تخلف أربعة من المؤمنين عن غير شك
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھIbn Ishaq records that a number of Muslims whose resolve lagged stayed behind the Prophet without doubt or suspicion, naming among them Ka'b ibn Malik, Murara ibn al-Rabi', Hilal ibn Umayya and Abu Khaythama, and describing them as truthful men whose Islam was not to be questioned. - واقعہ
وقعة بركة وهولاكو
تقریباً 1263 عیسوی · تقریباً 663 ھBerke corresponded with Baybars, then came the mighty battle between Berke and his cousin Hulagu — the first war of Mongol upon Mongol — in which Hulagu was routed, praise God, with multitudes of his men slain and drowned. - واقعہ
انسحاب عبد الله بن أبي بن سلول بثلث الجيش
مارچ 625 عیسوی · شوال 3 ھThe withdrawal of Abdullah ibn Ubayy with about a third of the army (some 300 men) on the march to Uhud; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's author reads it as an attempt to sow confusion in the Muslim ranks. - واقعہ
صلح البيرون وسدوسان
Al-Birun's folk, having already sent envoys who truced with al-Hajjaj, brought fodder and opened their city — and Muhammad let no town pass unconquered. Beyond the river before Mihran, the samaniyya of Sarbindis truced for those behind them at a set kharaj; Sahban fell; at Mihran Dahir prepared. Muhammad ibn Mus'ab al-Thaqafi rode on Sadusan with horse and donkey-men; the samaniyya brokered its aman — kharaj, hostages, and four thousand Zutt who joined the army. - واقعہ
عصيان بشر بن داود وولاية موسى بن يحيى البرمكي
Sind ran smooth till Bishr ibn Dawud rebelled under al-Ma'mun; Ghassan ibn Abbad of Kufa's sawad drew him out in aman and carried him to Baghdad, then left Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki over the thaghr — who slew Bala king of al-Sharqi despite his offered five hundred thousand for life, Bala having once courted Ghassan before the assembled kings. Musa ruled well and died in 215h; his son Imran succeeded. - واقعہ
مقاطعة بني هاشم في شعب أبي طالب
تقریباً 616 عیسویA comprehensive political and economic boycott imposed by Quraysh against Banu Hashim and Banu al-Muttalib, confining them to Shib Abi Talib for three years until its repeal. - واقعہ
مقاطعة الثلاثة المخلفين خمسين ليلة
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھAfter his return the Prophet forbade the Muslims to speak to Ka'b, Murara and Hilal; people shunned them and their world changed for fifty nights. Two of them kept to their houses, while Ka'b went out to prayer and the markets and no one spoke to him. - واقعہ
المؤاخاة بين المهاجرين والأنصار
تقریباً 622 عیسوی · 1 ھThe Prophet paired emigrants from Mecca with helpers from Medina as brothers, sharing support in the first months after the Hijra. - واقعہ
اتخاذ المغيثة
Basra's water came in a thin trickle, the batiha's mass draining to Nahr al-Dayr while folk drank from Ubulla — till Sulayman ibn Ali came, built al-Mughitha with its masnaniyyat on the batiha, dammed the water from Nahr al-Dayr into Nahr Ibn Umar and spent a million dirhams; and when the sea's intrusion brackened their water he dammed al-Qandal and it ran sweet. - واقعہ
رفع قواعد الكعبة
تقریباً 1900 قبل مسیحOn the third recorded journey, Ibrahim finds Ismail sharpening arrows beneath a tree by Zamzam; together the aged father and the grown son raise the foundations of the House, and Ibrahim calls mankind to the pilgrimage as commanded. - واقعہ
إسكان أهل بخارى البصرة
Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad captive-took a body of Bukhara's people — or, as told, they came down on his aman and obligation, eager for it — and settled them at Basra; when al-Hajjaj built Wasit he moved many there, their descendants including Khalid al-Shatir, called Ibn Marquli. - واقعہ
دفن عبد الله ذي البجادين بتبوك
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھIbn Ishaq relates from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Harith al-Taymi that Abdullah ibn Mas'ud told how he rose in the depth of night on the Tabuk campaign and saw a fire-brand at the edge of the camp: the Prophet, Abu Bakr and Umar were burying Abdullah Dhu al-Bijadayn al-Muzani, who had died; the Prophet was in the grave receiving the body, saying: bring your brother close to me. He then prayed for him, and Ibn Mas'ud said: would that I had been the man of that grave. - واقعہ
دفن النبي
10 جون 632 عیسوی · 14 ربیع الاول 11 ھThe Prophet was buried in the room of Aisha, beside the mosque in Medina; the place later became part of the Prophet's Mosque. - واقعہ
تحريق بيت سويلم
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھIbn Hisham reports from 'a trusted source' that the Prophet was told that some of the 'hypocrites' were gathering in the house of Suwaylim the Jew at Jasum, discouraging people from him on the Tabuk campaign, so he sent Talha ibn Ubaydullah with a party and ordered him to burn the house down on them; he did so, and al-Dahhak ibn Khalifa rushed out of the back of the house and broke his leg while his companions escaped. - واقعہ
سرية بسر بن أبي أرطاة إلى الحجاز واليمن
660 عیسوی · 40 ھMu'awiya's terror-raid of 40: Busr ibn Abi Artat entered Medina unopposed, mounted the minbar and mocked the Ansar clans by name — 'had Mu'awiya not bound me I would leave no grown man' — forced bay'a at Mecca, then in Yemen killed the governor and butchered Ubaydallah ibn al-Abbas's two small boys over a Kinani protector who died shielding them, while their mother went mad with grief. Ali's counter-column under Jariya ibn Qudama chased Busr to Mecca and took Medina's bay'a for al-Hasan. - واقعہ
مكاتبة قيصر لعمر في شجرة النخل
Caesar wrote to Umar ibn al-Khattab: my envoys came from your quarter claiming your land has a tree no creation equals — it puts out like donkey-ears, splits like pearls, greens like emerald, reddens like ruby, ripens to the sweetest faludhaj to eat, then dries to provision for the settler and wayfarer — 'if my envoys spoke true, I know this tree only as a tree of paradise'. Umar wrote back, from Abdallah Umar Commander of the Faithful to Caesar king of the Romans: your envoys spoke true — this tree with us is the tree God grew for Maryam when she bore Isa her son; fear God and take not Isa as a god beside Him. - واقعہ
خلافة معاوية بن يزيد
تقریباً 684 عیسوی · 64 ھMu'awiya II ibn Yazid succeeded by his father's testament in Rabi' I 64, a righteous youth; he remained ill throughout, never appearing before the people nor leading them in prayer. His caliphate lasted forty days — some say two or three months — and he died aged twenty or twenty-one. When urged at his deathbed to name a successor he answered: 'I have tasted none of its sweetness — why should I shoulder its bitterness?'. - واقعہ
نزول المسلمين بالحجر ونهي النبي عن الماء
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھOn the road to Tabuk the Prophet stopped at al-Hijr, and the people drew water from its well. After they had rested he forbade them to drink its water, perform ablutions from it or eat dough kneaded with it, and ordered that no one go out at night without a companion; two men of Banu Sa'ida disobeyed — one was strangled and the wind carried the other to the mountains of Tayy. - واقعہ
أسر ثمامة بن أثال الحنفي وإسلامه
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 6 ھIbn Ishaq relates from Abu Sa'id al-Maqburi from Abu Hurayra: a cavalry party of the Prophet's seized a man of Banu Hanifa without knowing who he was; the Prophet said 'this is Thumama ibn Uthal al-Hanafi, treat your captive well', and had his household's food and his milch-camel sent to him; he kept inviting him to Islam and Thumama answered: if you kill, you kill a man of blood, and if you want ransom, ask what you will; then he ordered him released, and Thumama went to al-Baqi', purified himself and pledged Islam; when he then ate little, the Prophet said the unbeliever eats with seven bowels and the believer with one. Ibn Hisham adds his umra and loud talbiya at Mecca, and his cutting off the grain of al-Yamama from Mecca until the Prophet wrote to him to let the caravans through. - واقعہ
أسر ابنة حاتم الطائي وإطلاقها
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھA cavalry force of the Prophet took Hatim's daughter among the captives of Tayy after her brother Adi fled to Syria, and she was held in the enclosure by the mosque door. For three days she addressed the Prophet, the father is dead and the envoy absent, be gracious to me, until Ali ibn Abi Talib signalled her to speak again; the Prophet released her, told her to wait for trustworthy kin, then clothed her, mounted her and provisioned her, and she joined her brother in Syria. - واقعہ
تحويل القبلة
تقریباً فروری 624 عیسوی · شعبان 2 ھThe direction of prayer was changed from Jerusalem to the Kaaba in Mecca, about a year and a half after the Hijra. Al-Samhudi gathers the reports: toward Bayt al-Maqdis sixteen months on al-Bara's account in Muslim (seventeen for Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib), the turn falling in mid-Rajab of year two on the soundest view — at zuhr in the Banu Salama mosque where two rak'as had been prayed, or at fajr in Quba in the Sahihayn's version carried by a runner — while Ibn Hajar makes 'asr the first prayer faced to the Kaaba. - واقعہ
جمع القرآن في خلافة أبي بكر
Zayd ibn Thabit: Abu Bakr sent for me after the Yamama dead, Umar at his side — 'the killing ran through the people on Yamama's day; I fear it running through the reciters in the stations and much of the Qur'an going — you must compile it'. 'How do a thing the Prophet did not do?' — 'By God, it is good' — till God opened his breast. 'You are a young man of sense, unaccused, who wrote the revelation: follow the Qur'an and gather it' — 'were I tasked to carry a mountain it were no heavier'. So he gathered it from the riqa', the shoulder-bones, the palm-stems and the breasts of men, till he found Bara'a's two closing verses with Khuzayma ibn Thabit alone. - واقعہ
شكوى جند علي بعد اليمن وخطبة النبي: لا تشكوا علياً
مارچ 632 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 10 ھWhen Ali came up from Yemen to meet the Prophet at Mecca for the Farewell Pilgrimage he hurried ahead, leaving a companion over his troops who clothed every man in a robe from the Yemeni cloth Ali carried; when Ali met the army and saw the robes he ordered them stripped before reaching the Prophet, and the troops voiced their grievance. The Prophet stood and said: people, do not complain of Ali, for by God he is too rough in God's cause to be complained of. Ibn Ishaq gives two reports, from Yazid ibn Talha ibn Rukana and from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri. - واقعہ
فتح أذربيجان
Al-Mughira came to Kufa as Umar's governor carrying a letter appointing Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman to Azerbaijan; he marched to Ardabil — the province's city, seat of its marzban and its kharaj — where the marzban had gathered fighters from Bajirwan, Maymadh, al-Narir, Sarat, al-Shiz, al-Miyanij and beyond; they fought the Muslims hard for days, then the marzban treated for all Azerbaijan at eight hundred thousand dirhams weight-eight — no one killed, none captive, no fire-temple razed, and no exposure to the Kurds of Balasajan, Sabalan and Satrudan, nor barring the people of al-Shiz from their feast-music and wonted display; he then raided Muqan and Jilan to tribute. Umar dismissed him for Utba ibn Farqad, who found Ardabil on the covenant but its borderlands in breach — he campaigned, won and plundered. Variants: Waqidi has al-Mughira storm it in 22, Abu Mikhnaf in 20 then al-Ash'ath ibn Qays re-conquering on the same terms, and al-Zuhri gives a hundred-thousand treaty. Umar wrote them to eat only dhabiha and wear only pure fur in that carrion-mixed land. Al-Walid ibn Uqba's dismissal of Utba brought another breach, his 25 AH campaign restoring Hudhayfa's terms; when it rose against al-Ash'ath ibn Qays he hunted it 'meadow by meadow' — the han of their speech — resettled Arab stipendaries to preach Islam, and Sa'id ibn al-As's raids on Muqan and Jilan ended with Jarir al-Bajali crucifying the Armenian-Azerbaijani chief on Bajirwan's keep. - واقعہ
فتح قرطبة
تقریباً 711 عیسوی · تقریباً 92 ھTariq's lieutenant Mughith al-Rumi took Cordoba in 92 by a wall-breach a shepherd showed him — a fig tree for scaling and a heaven-sent drizzle masking the hooves — and captured its fleeing lord near Tatlira. - واقعہ
فتح الجزيرة
تقریباً جولائی 639 عیسوی · رجب 18 ھIn al-Baladhuri through the Raqqa judge Dawud ibn Abd al-Hamid's family from Maymun ibn Mihran: 'the whole Jazira is Iyad ibn Ghanm's conquest, after Abu Ubayda's death — Umar appointed him to it, Abu Ubayda having left him over Syria; Umar gave Syria to Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan then Mu'awiya after him and ordered Iyad to raid the Jazira'; Sulayman ibn Ata says Abu Ubayda dispatched him to the Jazira and died while he was there, Umar then confirming him; al-Waqidi's report — the soundest they had on him — is that Abu Ubayda died in the Amwas plague of year 18 having appointed Iyad, and Umar's letter reached him giving him Hims, Qinnasrin and the Jazira, so he marched for the Jazira on Thursday the middle of Sha'ban year 18 in five thousand, Maysara ibn Masruq al-Absi on the vanguard, Sa'id ibn Amir ibn Hudhaym al-Jumahi on the right wing and Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal al-Sulami on the left — some say Khalid ibn al-Walid held his left wing, some that Khalid marched under no banner after Abu Ubayda, staying at Hims till his death in year 21, or dying at Medina. - واقعہ
فتح جور
Jur, Ardashir-Khurra's city, where Harim ibn Hayyan stood — the Muslims besieged it and came away to besiege Istakhr, raiding the countryside as if broken. When Ibn Amir sat before it they fought then fortified, and he took it by the sword in 29h; another telling: raided for years until they entered by a hidden way they held to till the city fell. Ibn Amir also took al-Karyan and Fashjan of Darabjird — neither had joined the Hirbadh's sulh, and both had breached. - واقعہ
فتح ميسان
Al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba stormed Maysan after hard fighting and mastered its land; when Abar Qubadh's people broke faith he retook it by force — al-Mada'ini notes folk called Maysan, Dastumaysan, al-Furat and Abar Qubadh all 'Maysan'. Among Maysan's captives were Abu al-Hasan al-Basri and his brother Sa'id, sons of Yasar once named Qayruz; they fell to an Ansari woman — al-Rabi' bint al-Nadr, Anas's aunt, or Jamila of Salima, Anas's wife — who freed them, so 'our wala' is hers'. - واقعہ
فتح مكة (الفتح الأعظم)
تقریباً 11 جنوری 630 عیسوی · 20 رمضان 8 ھIn Ramadan 8 AH (January 630 CE), following Banu Bakr and Quraysh's breach of the Hudaybiyya peace at al-Watir, the Prophet mobilized 10,000 Muslims and entered Mecca in triumphant humility; dividing the army into four columns, the city was taken almost without resistance; the 360 idols around the Kaaba were shattered, and the Prophet announced a general amnesty to the populace: 'Go, for you are free'. وخطب يوم الفتح فأعلن حرمة البلد إلى يوم القيامة «لم يحل القتال فيه لأحد قبلي ولم يحل لي إلا ساعة من نهار» واستثنى الإذخر لقينهم وبيوتهم. - واقعہ
فتح الموصل
Umar made Utba ibn Farqad al-Sulami governor of Mosul in year 20; Nineveh's people fought, he took its eastern fort by force, crossed the Tigris, and the other fortress treated for jizya with leave to quit; Mosul's monasteries treated likewise, then al-Marj, Bahadhra, Hibtun, al-Hiyana, al-Ma'alla, Damir and every Kurdish stronghold, Banu Ata of Hizza, Tall al-Shaharija and al-Salaq — Salih ibn Ubada holding Mosul's ribat — with Urmiya, al-Hawr, Khuway and Salamas paying Mosul a while. Umar dismissed him for Harthama ibn Arfaja al-Bariqi, who made it a misr, settled the Arabs in their plots and built the congregational mosque; Ibn Tulayd paved it with stone and Sa'id ibn Abd al-Malik built the wall al-Rashid later razed. - واقعہ
فتح قزوين
When al-Mughira governed Kufa he made al-Bara' ibn Azib governor of Qazwin, ordering him to take it then raid Daylam from it; he marched with Hanzala ibn Zayd, reduced Abhar on Nihawand's terms, then moved on Qazwin's fortress — its people had begged Daylam's aid but the Daylamis stood on the mountain withholding a hand, so they sought terms, scorned the jizya and professed Islam — said to have come down on the asawira-of-Basra terms, settling in Kufa allied to Zuhra ibn Hawiyya as 'Hura' al-Daylam', though others say they Islamized in place on ushr land; al-Bara' posted five hundred Muslims with them under Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid and granted them unclaimed lands, then raided Daylam to tribute, Jilan, al-Babar and al-Taylasan, and took Zanjan by force; the fortress, 'Kashwin' in Persian — the watched bound — had been ribat-manned by Persian asawira who fended Daylam. - واقعہ
فتح سابور
Uthman came to Sabur in 23 or 24h — its folk already dreading the Muslims and its marzban, Shahrak's brother, having dreamed an Arab stripped his shirt, which gripped his heart — after brief defiance he sought aman: no killing no captives, dhimma and prompt payment. The people later betrayed, and in 26h Abu Musa took it by force, Uthman ibn Abi al-As on his vanguard. - واقعہ
فتح شهرزور والصامغان ودراباذ
Uzra ibn Qays tried Shahrazur as Umar's governor of Hulwan and could not take it; Utba ibn Farqad stormed it after fighting on Hulwan's treaty terms — the approach-fever killing Muslims — while al-Samaghan and Darabadh treated for jizya and kharaj with no killing, no captives and no path barred. Utba fought the Kurds slaughtering many and wrote Umar 'my conquests reach Azerbaijan' — Umar gave him Azerbaijan and Harthama Mosul; Shahrazur's districts stayed joined to Mosul till late in al-Rashid's reign, each district-agent's 200-dirham salary making 600 for these. - واقعہ
فتح السند
89 ھ - واقعہ
فتح سرق
Abu Musa took Surraq on Ramhurmuz's terms; they betrayed and Haritha ibn Badr's thick army failed to retake it — Abdallah ibn Amir took it by force, and Haritha governed it after. Abu al-Aswad satirized: 'Harith b. Badr, they gave you a charge — be a locust in it, betray and steal; your lot of the two Iraqs' wealth is Surraq' — and Haritha answered 'the God of folk repay you best — you spoke kindness and enjoined sufficiency; bid me decide and you would find me obedient — bid anything else, disobedient'. - واقعہ
فتح طبرستان
29 ھWhen Uthman made Sa'id ibn al-As governor of Kufa in 29 AH, the marzban of Tus wrote both him and Abdallah ibn Amir of Basra inviting them to Khurasan — whichever prevailed would hold it; Ibn Amir outstripped him, so Sa'id raided Tabaristan — with him, it is said, al-Hasan and al-Husayn the sons of Ali, though others say he raided on no writ at all — taking Tamisa and the village Namna and treating Jurjan's king for two hundred thousand dirhams. - واقعہ
فتح توج
When Umar gave Uthman ibn Abi al-As Bahrain and Uman, pacified and obedient, he sent his brother al-Hakam by sea to Fars with a great host of Abd al-Qays, Azd, Tamim and Najiya — taking the island Abr Kawan, then Tawwaj of Ardashir-Khurra's land. In Abu Mikhnaf's telling Uthman himself crossed, took Tawwaj, built its mosques, made it a Muslim settlement-house for Abd al-Qays and raided Arrajan from it till Umar's letter recalled him — others say al-Hakam opened it and settled the Muslims in 19h. - واقعہ
فتح الأبلة والفرات
Utba ibn Ghazwan stormed al-Ubulla and wrote Umar — borne by Nafi' ibn al-Harith — that it was the port of Bahrain, Uman, India and China; crossing to al-Furat its folk came out with their spades and were beaten, Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud taking the town by force; at al-Madhar its marzban came out, was routed with most of his men drowned, taken alive and beheaded; at Dastumaysan Utba struck pre-emptively 'to weaken their sides and embolden hearts', killing their dehqans; then Abar Qubadh fell — the tract from al-Fahraj to al-Furat being treaty-land, the rest of Ubulla by force. Utba's wife Arda bint al-Harith goaded the men 'if they rout you, you'll enter us uncircumcised', and the forelocked boy Ziyad divided the spoils at two dirhams a day. - واقعہ
فتح الشقيف حبس جلدك
تقریباً جون 1182 عیسوی · صفر 578 ھSafar 578: while the Frankish host massed at Kerak watching Saladin's march from Egypt, Izz al-Din Farrukhshah gathered the Syrian regiments and swept through the emptied Frankish lands — plundering Daburiyya and its villages — and stormed the Shaqif 'Habs Jaldak', the fortress overlooking the Sawad above Tiberias that had long tormented the Muslims; its fall broke the Franks' edge. - واقعہ
قتل المركيس صاحب صور
تقریباً 28 اپریل 1192 عیسوی · 13 ربیع الثانی 588 ھ13 Rabi' II 588 (April 1192): the Marquis of Tyre — 'greatest of the Frankish devils' — was cut down by two Assassins in monks' garb who had spent six months in the households of Sidon's lord and Ibn Barzan winning his trust; wounded at a bishop's banquet, he was carried to a church where one of them, hiding inside, finished him; Ibn al-Athir reports Saladin had offered Sinan ten thousand dinars for the deed or for Richard's, and the Franks blamed the English king. - واقعہ
صحيفة المدينة
تقریباً 622 عیسوی · 1 ھA document, preserved in early sources, regulating relations among the Muslims and the other communities of Medina. - واقعہ
إسلام عمير بن وهب
تقریباً اپریل 624 عیسوی · شوال 2 ھUmayr ibn Wahb and Safwan ibn Umayya plotted at the Kaaba to assassinate the Prophet in Medina; when Umayr arrived, the Prophet disclosed their secret pact, leading Umayr to embrace Islam. - واقعہ
المجلس الاستشاري لغزوة أحد
مارچ 625 عیسوی · شوال 3 ھA military council where the Prophet and his companions discussed the defense plan, debating between fortifying Medina or exiting to face the enemy. - واقعہ
وقعة داهر ومقتله
Muhammad stole across the Mihwan by a contrived bridge near Rasal's land of Qissa while Dahir scorned the threat; they met — Dahir on his elephant ringed by elephants and the Kakira — in a battle like none heard of, till dismounted he fought and fell at evening, the mushrikun routed and cut down at will. Al-Mada'ini names his killer a man of Banu Kilab: 'the spears bore witness on Dahir's day, and praised al-Qasim ibn Muhammad'. - واقعہ
حصر العزيز دمشق والصلح على قسمة البلاد
1194 عیسوی · 590 ھ590: al-Aziz of Egypt besieged his elder brother al-Afdal in Damascus — Ibn al-Athir was inside — until al-Adil, al-Zahir of Aleppo, Nasir al-Din of Hama, Asad al-Din Shirkuh of Homs and Mosul's army converged to hold the city, knowing their own lands were next; the settlement gave al-Aziz Jerusalem and Palestine, kept Damascus, Tiberias and the Ghawr for al-Afdal, added Jabla and Latakia to al-Zahir, and restored al-Adil's Egyptian iqta'. - واقعہ
الدعوة في الأقربين
تقریباً 613 عیسویAfter «وأنذر عشيرتك الأقربين» came down, the Prophet twice gathered Banu Hashim — about forty-five men with some of Banu al-Muttalib — declared himself God's messenger to them in particular and to people in general; Abu Lahab sabotaged the first gathering, and at the second Abu Talib pledged his protection while refusing to leave his fathers' religion. - واقعہ
انهزام عسكر الخليفة بدية مرج
تقریباً 12 مئی 1188 عیسوی · 8 ربیع الاول 584 ھAl-Nasir sent a great army under his vizier Jalal al-Din Ubaydallah ibn Yunus to prop up Qizil against Sultan Tughril III; at Daya Marj near Hamadan, 8 Rabi' I 584, the Baghdadis broke and scattered while the vizier stood with mushaf and sword until captured — Ibn al-Athir was in Saladin's camp when the march was announced and heard him predict the rout: a minister new to office and war, whom no amir thinks worth obeying, facing a battle-hardened sultan; satirists had their day. - واقعہ
قراصنة الديبل وصرخة يا حجاج
Pirates of Daybul seized the ship bearing the gifted women; one, of Banu Yarbu', cried 'ya Hajjaj' — 'ya labbayk' he answered, and wrote Dahir demanding their release: 'pirates beyond my power' came the reply. Al-Hajjaj's man Ubaydallah ibn Nabhan fell to Daybul, and Budayl ibn Tahfa al-Bajali, sent from Uman, was ringed and killed when his horse shied — some say the Zutt of al-Budha killed him. The island is called Jazirat al-Yaqut for its women's beauty. - واقعہ
فتح الديبل وكسر منارة البد
Muhammad reached Daybul on a Friday with the fleet behind him — trench, spears, banners, and the mangonel 'al-Arus' worked by five hundred men against the great budd whose tall mast bore a revolving red banner. Al-Hajjaj's letters, exchanged every three days, ordered the eastern arm shortened and the crew told to break the mast he described; broken, the kafirs' defiance sank, the sally was driven back, and ladders went up — a Muradi of Kufa first over — the city stormed, three days of killing, the temple's sadin slain, Dahir's agent fled; Muhammad marked out a Muslim quarter, built the mosque, and settled four thousand. Mansur ibn Hatim saw the broken mast, and al-Mu'tasim's governor Anbasa ibn Ishaq al-Dabbi razed the minaret's top for a prison before his removal; his successor Harun ibn Abi Khalid was killed there. - واقعہ
وفاة عبد المطلب وكفالة أبي طالب
تقریباً 578 عیسویAbd al-Muttalib died at Mecca when his grandson Muhammad was eight years, two months and ten days old, having shown him a tenderness he showed none of his sons; before dying he entrusted the boy to his uncle Abu Talib, full brother of his father, who took up the charge and protected him for over forty years. - واقعہ
وفاة عبد الله بن عبد المطلب بالمدينة
تقریباً 570 عیسویAbd al-Muttalib sent his son Abdullah to Medina to buy dates, or by another report he fell ill there returning from trade in Syria; he died aged twenty-five and was buried in the house of al-Nabigha al-Jadi, before his son's birth according to most historians or two months after it by one report, leaving five camels, a flock of sheep and an Abyssinian girl, Umm Ayman. - واقعہ
وفاة عبد الله بن أبيّ والصلاة عليه
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھSoon after the return from Tabuk in 9 AH, Abdullah ibn Ubayy — chief of the hypocrites — died; the Prophet sought forgiveness for him and prayed over him despite Umar's attempt to dissuade him, and the revelation afterwards sided with Umar's objection, forbidding prayer over such people or standing at their graves. - واقعہ
وفاة أبي بكر الصديق
Ibn Umar: the cause of Abu Bakr's death was the Prophet's death — grief wasted him till he died. And he had eaten with al-Harith ibn Kalada a gifted khazira — 'lift your hand: by God, a year's poison is in it, and you and I die in one day' — both sickened and died in one day at the year's end; al-Sha'bi: 'what do we expect of this low world — the Prophet was poisoned and Abu Bakr was poisoned'. Aisha: his illness began with a bath on a cold Monday, seven nights past of Jumada II; he fevered fifteen days without coming to prayer and died Tuesday night, eight nights remaining of Jumada II, year thirteen, aged sixty-three. At his death he told Aisha: 'look at the she-camel whose milk we drank, the bowl we breakfasted from, the wrap we wore — we used them while we held the Muslims' charge: when I die, return them to Umar' — 'may God mercy you, Abu Bakr: you have wearied who comes after you'. - واقعہ
وفاة أبي ذر بالربذة
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھIbn Ishaq relates, through Burayda ibn Sufyan al-Aslami from Muhammad ibn Ka'b al-Qurazi from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, that when Uthman exiled Abu Dharr to al-Rabadha and his death came there, he had with him only his wife and his servant. He charged them to wash and shroud him and lay him on the road; Ibn Mas'ud passed in a party of Iraqis and helped bury him, and recalled what the Prophet had said to Abu Dharr on the march to Tabuk. - واقعہ
مقتل أبي جهل في بدر
تقریباً 17 مارچ 624 عیسوی · تقریباً 21 رمضان 2 ھ†When Quraysh's ranks broke, Abu Jahl stood firm and urged his men on, then two young Helpers, Mu'adh ibn Amr ibn al-Jamuh and Mu'awwidh ibn Afra, struck him down; Ibn Mas'ud finished him and cut off his head, and the Prophet called him the Pharaoh of this community. - واقعہ
وفاة أبي طالب
تقریباً جولائی 619 عیسویAbu Talib, the Prophet's uncle and protector, died in Rajab of the tenth year of the mission, six months after Banu Hashim left the ravine on the book's reckoning, though another view places it in Ramadan three days before Khadija's death; the Prophet asked him at the end to say there is no god but God, and he refused, remaining on the religion of Abd al-Muttalib. - واقعہ
وفاة الهادي
تقریباً ستمبر 786 عیسوی · ربیع الثانی 170 ھAl-Hadi died in Rabi' II 170 and accounts differ: he pushed a boon-companion off a ledge onto cut reed-stumps and the man clutched him so both fell, a stump entering his anus; or a stomach ulcer; or his mother Khayzuran poisoned him when he resolved to kill al-Rashid and settle the succession on his own son; or — she having ruled affairs absolutely while processions thronged her door — he rebuked her, 'have you no spindle to keep you, no Mushaf, no rosary?', she sent him poisoned food she first fed a dog, and when he fell ill she had his face covered with a carpet they sat upon. He left seven sons. - واقعہ
وفاة المهدي
تقریباً اگست 785 عیسوی · 8 محرم 169 ھIn year 169 al-Mahdi died: chasing game, the quarry burst into a ruin and his horse followed, breaking his back in its doorway — he died on the spot, on the eighth of Muharram; others say he died poisoned. - واقعہ
وفاة المأمون
رجب 218 ھAl-Ma'mun's death by the Qushayra spring after the fish's splash — 'cook it at once' — the shaking ague the physicians could not name, the omen 'stretch your legs', and 'O One whose kingdom never passes, have mercy on him whose kingdom has passed'. - واقعہ
وفاة المنصور
تقریباً اکتوبر 775 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 158 ھIn year 158 al-Mansur ordered his deputy at Mecca to imprison Sufyan al-Thawri and Abbad ibn Kathir, and fear spread that he would kill them on arrival for hajj; God did not bring him to Mecca in health — he arrived ill and died of his ailment in Dhu'l-Hijja and was buried between al-Hujun and Bi'r Maymun. - واقعہ
وفاة آمنة بالأبواء
تقریباً 577 عیسویOn the way back from a month in Yathrib visiting the grave of her husband, Amina bint Wahb fell ill and died at al-Abwa between Mecca and Medina, leaving her six-year-old son an orphan a second time. - واقعہ
موت عامر بن الطفيل
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھOn the Banu Amir delegation's way home a plague-swelling struck Amir ibn al-Tufayl in the neck and he died in the house of a woman of Banu Salul, saying: a swelling like a young camel's, in the house of a Saluli woman. Ibn Ishaq places it after the Prophet's prayer 'O God, suffice me against Amir ibn al-Tufayl'; Ibn Hisham records another wording. - واقعہ
موت أربد بن قيس بالصاعقة
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھWhen Arbad's companions reached Banu Amir's land and asked what news he brought, he said Muhammad had called them to worship something he wished he had at hand to shoot with arrows; a day or two later he went out with a camel and God sent a thunderbolt that burned him and the camel. Ibn Hisham reports from Zayd ibn Aslam, from Ata' ibn Yasar, from Ibn Abbas that verses of sura al-Ra'd were revealed about Amir and Arbad; his maternal brother Labid mourned him in several poems. - واقعہ
وفاة حبيب بن مسلمة بدمشق
662 عیسوی · 42 ھIn al-Baladhuri: when Habib had taken what he took of Armenia's land he wrote of it to Uthman ibn Affan, whose answer reached him with Salman's death reported — Uthman near giving him all Armenia, then judging it better to make him a raider of the Syrian and Jaziran frontier for his worth in such service, and gave Armenia's march to Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman al-Absi, who repaired to Bardha'a posting his agents over what lay between it and Qaliqala and to Khizan, until Uthman's writ came ordering his return and the leaving behind of Sila ibn Zufar al-Absi who was with him — and he left him; Habib marched back to Syria raiding the Romans, camped at Hims, and Mu'awiya moved him to Damascus where he died in year 42, being thirty-five years old; Mu'awiya had earlier sent Habib at the head of an army to Uthman's aid when he was besieged, but at Wadi al-Qura word of Uthman's killing reached him and he turned back. - واقعہ
وفاة هارون الرشيد بطوس
تقریباً مارچ 809 عیسوی · 3 جمادی الثانی 193 ھAl-Rashid died on campaign at Tus in Khurasan and was buried there on 3 Jumada II 193, aged forty-five; his son Salih prayed over him. Some say he had dreamt he would die at Tus — he wept, ordered a grave dug, was borne to it in a camel-litter, looked at it saying 'son of Adam, to this you come', and had men go down and complete a recitation of the Qur'an within while he lay in his litter at its edge. Others say Jibril ibn Bakhtishu' erred in his treatment and caused his death. Per al-Suli he left a hundred million dinars, and furnishings, jewels, silver-work and mounts worth a hundred and twenty-five million more. - واقعہ
وفاة الحسن بن علي
تقریباً 670 عیسوی · 50 ھHasan died at Medina poisoned — the account names his wife Ja'da bint al-Ash'ath ibn Qays, suborned by Yazid ibn Mu'awiya with a promise of marriage that he afterwards refused: 'we did not approve you for Hasan — shall we approve you for ourselves?'. His death fell in 49, or on 5 Rabi' I 50, or 51 by the variants. His brother pressed him to name his poisoner; he refused — 'if it is whom I think, God's vengeance is harsher; else let no innocent be killed for me'. On his deathbed he told Husayn that the caliphate had been turned from his father and that prophethood and caliphate would not be joined in them. He had asked Aisha for burial beside the Prophet; she consented, but Marwan barred it — Husayn and his men armed until Abu Hurayra turned him back — and he was buried in al-Baqi beside his mother. Marwan wept at his funeral; when Husayn reproached him he said 'I did that to one more forbearing than this' and pointed to the mountain. - واقعہ
مقتل عبد الله بن الزبير
تقریباً نومبر 692 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 73 ھAbd al-Malik sent al-Hajjaj with forty thousand against Ibn al-Zubayr; he besieged him in Mecca for months and cast mangonels at him until his men deserted to al-Hajjaj, who took and killed him and crucified the body — Tuesday, 17 Jumada I or II of year 73. Muhammad ibn Zayd ibn Abdullah ibn Umar was atop Abu Qubays when the mangonel was planted and saw a lightning bolt like a red veil burn some fifty of its crew. Ibn al-Zubayr had been praying within the Hijr while mangonel stones clipped the edge of his garment and he never turned. - واقعہ
وفاة إبراهيم
تقریباً 27 جنوری 632 عیسوی · تقریباً 28 شوال 10 ھIbrahim, the Prophet's son by Maria the Copt, died an infant in Medina on 28 or 29 Shawwal 10 AH (January 632 CE); the Prophet wept and said: the eye weeps and the heart grieves, and we say only what pleases our Lord. - واقعہ
وفاة خديجة بنت خويلد
تقریباً اپریل 619 عیسویKhadija, mother of the believers, died in Ramadan of the tenth year of the mission, about two or three months after Abu Talib, aged sixty-five while the Prophet was fifty. - واقعہ
وفاة معاوية بن أبي سفيان
تقریباً اپریل 680 عیسوی · رجب 60 ھMu'awiya died in Rajab of year 60 and was buried between Bab al-Jabiya and Bab al-Saghir at Damascus; he is said to have lived seventy-seven years. Keeping hairs and nail-parings of the Prophet, he willed they be placed in his mouth and eyes — 'do that, and leave me with the Most Merciful of the merciful'. He had been governor of Syria twenty years and caliph twenty more. - واقعہ
مقتل سلمان الخيل ببلنجر
تقریباً 653 عیسوی · تقریباً 33 ھIn al-Baladhuri: the Khaqan met him with his horse beyond the river Balanjar, and he was killed among four thousand Muslims, the takbir heard in their defile; Salman ibn Rabi'a had been the first man appointed judge of Kufa — he sat forty days without a litigant coming to him — and had transmitted from Umar ibn al-Khattab; of Salman and Qutayba ibn Muslim, Ibn Jamana al-Bahili says: 'two graves are ours — a grave at Balanjar, and a grave in the lands of Spain's like (Transoxiana): that one whose conquests filled China, and this one watered by the rain-clouds' paths'; with Salman at Balanjar was Qurda ibn Ka'b al-Ansari, who brought word of his death to Uthman. - واقعہ
وفاة النبي
8 جون 632 عیسوی · 12 ربیع الاول 11 ھThe Prophet Muhammad died in Medina after a short illness, and was buried in the house of Aisha. وفي الصحيح: أنه قال في مرضه «مروا أبا بكر يصلي بالناس» فلما استمهلته عائشة وحفصة أبى وقال «إنكن لأنتن صواحب يوسف» ، وأنه كان يسأل «أين أنا غدا؟» حرصاً على بيت عائشة فمات عندها بين سحرها ونحرها بعدما استاك بسواك عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر ، وكان آخر كلامه «في الرفيق الأعلى» ، وقال عائشة إنه قال «ما أزال أجد ألم الطعام الذي أكلت بخيبر، فهذا أوان وجدت انقطاع أبهري». - واقعہ
وفاة عمر بن عبد العزيز
فروری 720 عیسوی · رجب 101 ھUmar ibn Abd al-Aziz died at Dayr Sim'an in the district of Homs in Rajab year 101, aged thirty-nine and a half, poisoned — the Umayyads having wearied of his strictness against them and his seizure of much they had usurped, while he had let slip all self-protection; asked what people said of him, he told Mujahid they thought him bewitched but he knew the very hour the poison was given, and when his servant confessed to having taken a thousand dinars to administer it, he threw the sum into the treasury and sent him where no one would see him. - واقعہ
وفاة أم كلثوم بنت النبي
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھIn 9 AH Umm Kulthum, the Prophet's daughter and wife of Uthman ibn Affan, died; the Prophet grieved her deeply and told Uthman, 'Had I had a third daughter I would have given her to you in marriage' — whence Uthman was called Dhu al-Nurayn, the possessor of the two lights. - واقعہ
وفاة يزيد بن عبد الملك
تقریباً جنوری 724 عیسوی · شعبان 105 ھYazid ibn Abd al-Malik died in late Sha'ban year 105; Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz had written to him on his own deathbed: 'you leave the world to one who will not praise you, and pass on to One who will not excuse you'. - واقعہ
وفاة يزيد بن معاوية
تقریباً نومبر 683 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 64 ھYazid ibn Mu'awiya perished in mid-Rabi' I of year 64 while his army besieged Ibn al-Zubayr at Mecca; the news reached them mid-battle — 'people of Syria, your tyrant has perished' — and they broke away humiliated. Al-Dhahabi remarks that after what he did to the people of Medina, with his wine and outrages, men rose against him on every side and his years were not blessed. - واقعہ
وفاة يزيد الناقص
تقریباً اکتوبر 744 عیسوی · 7 ذوالحجہ 126 ھYazid al-Naqis did not long enjoy the caliphate — he died the same year, on 7 Dhu'l-Hijja 126, his caliphate having lasted six months less a fraction, aged thirty-five or forty-six; some say he died of the plague. He was dubbed al-Naqis for cutting the troops' stipends. - واقعہ
وفد عبد القيس
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھThe second delegation of Abd al-Qays came to Medina in the Year of Delegations, forty men among them al-Jarud ibn al-Ala, who had been a Christian; an earlier delegation of about fourteen had come in 5 AH led by al-Ashajj al-Asri. - واقعہ
وفد بني حنيفة
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھSeventeen men of Banu Hanifa of al-Yamama, among them Musaylima, lodged with an Ansari household in Medina in 9 AH and declared Islam; the sources differ on Musaylima's own conduct, and on his return home he claimed a share in prophethood. - واقعہ
قدوم وفد بني تميم ومفاخرتهم النبي
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھUtarid ibn Hajib led the notables of Banu Tamim to the Prophet in 9 AH, with al-Aqra' ibn Habis, al-Zibriqan ibn Badr, Amr ibn al-Ahtam, al-Hutat ibn Yazid, Qays ibn Asim and others, and Uyayna ibn Hisn with them. They called him from behind his apartments, then challenged him to a boasting contest; Thabit ibn Qays answered Utarid and Hassan answered al-Zibriqan, al-Aqra' conceded that the Muslims' orator and poet were better, and they embraced Islam and were given gifts. The opening of sura al-Hujurat was revealed about them. - واقعہ
قدوم ضمام بن ثعلبة وافداً عن بني سعد بن بكر
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھBanu Sa'd ibn Bakr sent Dimam ibn Tha'laba to the Prophet; he knelt his camel at the mosque door, walked in and asked which of them was Ibn Abd al-Muttalib, then adjured him by God on each duty in turn: did God send you? did He order us to worship Him alone and cast off the idols? the five prayers? zakat, fasting, hajj? and the Prophet answered each time, O God, yes. He testified, promised to add nothing and omit nothing, and the Prophet said: if the man with the two plaits is truthful he will enter Paradise; he went home and his people embraced Islam in a day. Ibn Ishaq's isnad reaches Ibn Abbas. - واقعہ
قدوم فروة بن مسيك المرادي وإسلامه
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھFarwa ibn Musayk al-Muradi came to the Prophet, breaking with the kings of Kinda, reciting two verses on the way about seeking Muhammad's favours; the Prophet asked whether what befell his people on the Day of al-Radm grieved him and said it had only increased them in Islam's good. He set him over Murad, Zubayd and all Madhhij and sent Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As with him over the sadaqa, who stayed in his land until the Prophet died. - واقعہ
وفد همدان
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھA delegation of Hamdan came in 9 AH after Tabuk; the Prophet appointed Malik ibn al-Namt over their Muslims and sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to invite the rest — after six unanswered months Ali ibn Abi Talib was sent instead, the whole tribe embraced Islam, and the Prophet prostrated at the news saying: peace upon Hamdan. - واقعہ
قدوم الأشعث بن قيس في وفد كندة
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھAl-Ash'ath ibn Qays came with Kinda's delegation, eighty riders according to al-Zuhri, who entered the mosque with combed locks and kohl, wearing Hira robes edged with silk; the Prophet asked whether they had not become Muslims, and what the silk on their necks was, and they tore it off. Al-Ash'ath said, we are Banu Akil al-Murar and you are Ibn Akil al-Murar; the Prophet laughed, attributed that lineage-claim to al-Abbas and Rabi'a ibn al-Harith who used it for prestige as merchants, and said: no, we are Banu al-Nadr ibn Kinana, we do not trace ourselves through our mother nor disown our father. - واقعہ
وفد نجران
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھSixty riders of Christian Najran came to Medina in 9 AH led by the Aqib, the Sayyid and Bishop Abu Haritha; when they declined Islam the Prophet offered the mutual invocation of God's curse (mubahala) with Fatima, al-Hasan and al-Husayn, they asked instead for terms, and a treaty granted them God's protection in exchange for two thousand garments a year. - واقعہ
قدوم صرد بن عبد الله الأزدي وإسلامه
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھSurad ibn Abdullah al-Azdi came in an Azd delegation to the Prophet and became a good Muslim; the Prophet set him over the Muslims of his people and ordered him to fight, with those who had converted, the neighbouring polytheist tribes of Yemen. - واقعہ
قدوم زيد الخيل في وفد طيء
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھThe delegation of Tayy came with their chief Zayd al-Khayl; the Prophet offered them Islam and they became good Muslims. The Prophet said, as Ibn Ishaq heard from men of Tayy, that every Arab praised to him fell short of the praise when he came, except Zayd al-Khayl, who exceeded it; he renamed him Zayd al-Khayr, granted him Fayd and other lands and wrote it for him. On the way home fever struck him at a water called Farda and he died, and his wife burned the Prophet's writs. - واقعہ
وفد ثقيف
تقریباً دسمبر 630 عیسوی · رمضان 9 ھIn Ramadan 9 AH six men of Thaqif led by Abd Yalil ibn Amr came to Medina; after requesting exemptions the Prophet refused, they surrendered and accepted Islam, stipulating that the Prophet himself order the demolition of al-Lat, and he appointed the youngest of them, Uthman ibn Abi al-As, over them. - واقعہ
قدوم عمرو بن معدي كرب في أناس من بني زبيد
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھAmr ibn Ma'dikarib came to the Prophet with men of Banu Zubayd and embraced Islam, believing in him. He had earlier urged Qays ibn Makshuh al-Muradi, chief of his people, to go together and find out about the Qurashi who claimed prophethood; Qays refused and belittled the idea, so Amr rode alone. Qays then threatened him and Amr lampooned him. Amr stayed among his people under Farwa ibn Musayk, and when the Prophet died he apostatised. - واقعہ
هدم اللات
تقریباً دسمبر 630 عیسوی · رمضان 9 ھFulfilling the Thaqif treaty's clause, the Prophet sent Khalid ibn al-Walid who demolished al-Lat at al-Ta'if; al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba struck its gate with the pickaxe after feigning a collapse that terrified the onlookers, and its ornaments and covering were divided the same day. - واقعہ
هدم العزى ومنائر الأصنام الكبرى
تقریباً جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھIn Ramadan 8 AH immediately following the conquest of Mecca, the Prophet dispatched detachments to obliterate the major pagan sanctuaries of Arabia: Khalid ibn al-Walid destroyed al-Uzza at Nakhla, Amr ibn al-As demolished Suwa' of Hudhayl, and Sa'd ibn Zayd al-Ashhali destroyed Manat at al-Mushallal. - واقعہ
هدم مسجد الضرار
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھWhen the Prophet stopped at Dhi Awan on his return from Tabuk, news of the mosque reached him; he summoned Malik ibn al-Dukhshum and Ma'n ibn Adi (or his brother Asim) and ordered them to demolish and burn it. They did so, its people dispersed, and Qur'an was revealed about them, according to Ibn Ishaq. - واقعہ
خلع عيسى بن موسى من ولاية العهد
تقریباً 764 عیسوی · 147 ھIn year 147 al-Mansur deposed his uncle Isa ibn Musa from the succession — al-Saffah had settled it on him after al-Mansur, and Isa was the very man who had fought the brothers Muhammad and Ibrahim for him and overcome them; al-Mansur requited him by deposing him under duress and settling the succession on his son al-Mahdi. - واقعہ
حفر نهر عدي
Adi ibn Arta'a, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's governor, consulted the Basrans on digging a canal — Wak'i ibn Abi Sud wrote 'no canal, no home'; some say Adi's aim was to spite Bahz ibn Yazid ibn al-Muhallab. Umar's permission came, the canal was dug from Butq Shirin, the people came out to watch, and Adi bore al-Hasan al-Basri on the dam as he pointed. - واقعہ
حفر نهر الأبلة
Dijlat al-Awra's tidal rain-channel ran a farsakh, its Basra-side basin called al-Ijana; Umar ordered Abu Musa to dig the Basrans a canal — he began at al-Ijana, led it three farsakhs to Basra, making the Ubulla canal four — then the reach toward al-Hayri silted up. Ziyad, on the diwan under Abdallah ibn Amir, urged completing the dig and was stalled till Ibn Amir left for Khurasan; he resumed Abu Musa's channel to Basra with Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakra in charge, who opened the water racing his horse as it nearly outran him. Ibn Amir returned angry — 'you meant to carry off the canal's fame' — and the estrangement held between their houses for life; before the canal, folk drank from Dayr Qawus on the Tigris, a spot the spirits haunted. - واقعہ
حفر نهر ابن عمر
Abdallah ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, Yazid ibn al-Walid's governor, received the Basrans with two flasks — Basra water and batiha water — and saw the difference: 'dig us a canal and we drink this sweet'. He wrote Yazid, who answered 'if the canal's cost reaches Iraq's kharaj, spend what we hold on it'; Nahr Ibn Umar was dug, and when a man guessed the cost at three hundred thousand, Ibn Umar said 'were it Iraq's whole kharaj, I would spend it'. - واقعہ
حفر نهر معقل
Umar ordered Abu Musa to dig the second canal run by Ma'qil ibn Yasar al-Muzani — so it bore his name; others say al-Mundhir ibn al-Jarud asked Mu'awiya for the Tharr canal, he wrote Ziyad, who dug and ran it through Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakra or another — and when it was done he sent Ma'qil to open it for baraka as a Companion, so the people called it Ma'qil's canal. Ziyad gave a man a thousand dirhams: 'go down the Tigris and ask who owns this canal — if anyone says Ziyad's, the thousand is yours'; he returned — 'not one I asked said anything but Ma'qil's canal'. - واقعہ
بعث المُصَدِّقين إلى القبائل
جنوری 631 عیسوی · محرم 9 ھWith the new moon of Muharram 9 AH the Prophet sent the musaddiqun — alms-tax collectors — to the tribes: Uyayna ibn Hisn to Banu Tamim, Yazid ibn al-Husayn to Aslam and Ghifar, Abbad ibn Bishr to Sulaym and Muzayna, Rafi' ibn Makith to Juhayna, Amr ibn al-As to Banu Fazara, al-Dahhak ibn Sufyan to Banu Kilab, Bashir ibn Sufyan to Banu Ka'b, Ibn al-Lutbiyya to Banu Dhubyan, al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayya to San'a', Ziyad ibn Labid to Hadramawt, Adi ibn Hatim to Tayy' and Banu Asad, Malik ibn Nuwayra to Banu Hanzala, al-Zibriqan ibn Badr and Qays ibn Asim to parts of Banu Sa'd, al-Ala ibn al-Hadrami to Bahrayn, and Ali ibn Abi Talib to Najran for sadaqa and jizya alike. - واقعہ
قسمة غنائم حنين وعطايا المؤلفة بالجعرانة
فروری 630 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 8 ھAt al-Ji'rana the Prophet divided the vast spoils of Hunayn (twenty-four thousand camels, forty thousand sheep, and four thousand silver awqiya); he warned against the misappropriation of spoils, and bestowed major grants upon Meccan notables and Najdi tribal chieftains to reconcile their hearts to Islam. وعند البخاري جمع النبي الأنصار في قبة من أدم بعدما قالت فيهم نفسها حين أعطى قريشاً وتركهم «وسيوفنا تقطر من دمائهم»، فقال «أما ترضون أن يذهب الناس بالأموال وتذهبون بالنبي إلى رحالكم»، وقال «الأنصار شعار والناس دثار، إنكم ستلقون بعدي أثرة فاصبروا حتى تلقوني على الحوض» ،. وجاءه وفد هوازن يسأل رد الأموال أو السبي فخيرهم بينهما فاختاروا سبيهم فردّهم. - واقعہ
تدوين الديوان وفرض العطاء
Umar consulted the Muslims on writing a diwan — Ali: 'divide each year all you gather, keep nothing'; Uthman: 'much wealth — uncounted, who took and who did not will go unmarked'; al-Walid ibn Hisham ibn al-Mughira: 'I saw Syria's kings with a diwan and an army — write a diwan, raise an army'. He took the last, and called Quraysh's genealogists — Aqil ibn Abi Talib, Makhrama ibn Nawfal, Jubayr ibn Mut'im — 'write the people by their ranks'. They began with Banu Hashim, then Abu Bakr's folk, then Umar's by the caliphate — 'I would it were so,' said Umar, 'but begin with the Prophet's kin, nearest then nearest, till you set Umar where God set him'. Banu Adi came arguing for his primacy — 'bakh, bakh, Banu Adi: you would eat off my back and take my hasanat — my two companions walked a road and I will not differ; we won favour and reward only through Muhammad, our honour and the noblest Arabs, then nearest then nearest; by God, if the Ajam come with works and we without, they are worthier of him on the Last Day — the slow of deed is not sped by lineage'. - واقعہ
استيلاء أسطول الأرغون على جزيرة جربة
ستمبر 1284 عیسوی · رجب 683 ھOne of the gravest disasters and most grievous of days for the Muslims: the fleet of Frederick, son of the king of Barcelona, seized the island of Djerba in Rajab 683 with some seventy galleys and shallops — the island then led by Muhammad ibn Samun of the Wahbi shaykhs and Ibn Umghar shaykh of the Nukkaz, the two Khariji sects — plundering its wealth and carrying off its people, eight thousand by report, having thrown the infants into wells; they built a garrisoned fort on its coast, imposed an annual tribute of a hundred thousand dinars, and held it until the late 740s. - واقعہ
منازلة الفرنسيس تونس
جولائی 1270 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 668 ھLouis of France sailed at the end of Dhu al-Qa'da 668, mustered at Sardinia, and landed at Carthage with some six thousand horse and thirty thousand foot on three hundred ships — as Ibn Khaldun reports from his father from his grandfather — seven kings among them the lords of Sicily and the islands; he refused the sultan's envoy and pocketed the eighty thousand gold pieces sent to buy him off. The hosts met in mid-Muharram 669 with some five hundred dead on both sides, until the Frankish king was found dead in his camp; the peace was drawn by the qadi Ibn Zaytun over fifteen days, and Carthage was demolished, its stones carried to Tunis. - واقعہ
حمل النجاشي مهاجري الحبشة إلى النبي في سفينتين
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 7 ھIbn Ishaq says: those of the Prophet's Companions who remained in Abyssinia stayed until the Prophet sent Amr ibn Umayya al-Damri to the Negus, who carried them in two ships and brought them to him at Khaybar after al-Hudaybiyya. The total who arrived in the two ships was sixteen men, and with them were carried wives of Muslims who had died there. - واقعہ
هجرة المسلمين إلى يثرب بعد البيعة
تقریباً 622 عیسوی · تقریباً 1 قبل ہجرت†After the second pledge of al-Aqaba the Prophet authorised the Muslims to emigrate, and they left in groups; the Meccans hindered some, such as Abu Salama and his wife Umm Salama, Suhayb who ransomed himself with his wealth, and Ayyash and Hisham, who were held back; the Prophet, Abu Bakr and Ali remained at Mecca. - واقعہ
انقراض دولة بني عبد المؤمن
تقریباً ستمبر 1269 عیسوی · تقریباً محرم 668 ھAl-Wathiq Abu Dabus, last caliph of 'Abd al-Mu'min's house, fell fighting the Marinids of Tlemcen in Muharram 668 three days from Marrakesh — ending the Almohad dynasty as the Marinids took their kingdom. - واقعہ
قتل صالح بن عبد القدوس
تقریباً 775 عیسوی · تقریباً 158 ھSalih ibn Abd al-Quddus of Basra was denounced to al-Mahdi for zandaqa and the caliph meant to kill him; 'I repent to God,' he said, and recited: 'what foes inflict on a fool is less than the fool inflicts on himself — and the old man never leaves his ways until buried in the dust of his grave.' Released and nearly gone, he was called back: 'Did you not say the old man never leaves his ways?' 'Yes.' 'So you will not leave yours until you die' — and ordered his execution. - واقعہ
غزوة الأبواء (ودان)
تقریباً اگست 623 عیسوی · صفر 2 ھThe first expedition led personally by the Prophet in Safar 2 AH with 70 Muhajirun; established an alliance treaty with Amr ibn Makhshi of Banu Damra. - واقعہ
سرية الخرار
تقریباً مئی 623 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 1 ھAn expedition led by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas with 20 Muhajirun in Dhu al-Qada 1 AH marching on foot by night towards al-Kharrar; found the caravan had passed the day before. - واقعہ
غزوة بني سليم بالكدر
تقریباً اپریل 624 عیسوی · شوال 2 ھAn expedition of 200 Muslims led by the Prophet in Shawwal 2 AH to al-Kudr to disperse Banu Sulaym and Ghatafan gathering against Medina; the tribes scattered and Muslims captured 500 camels. - واقعہ
سرية زيد بن حارثة إلى القردة
تقریباً نومبر 624 عیسوی · جمادی الثانی 3 ھA successful raid in Jumada al-Akhirah 3 AH led by Zayd ibn Haritha with 100 riders to al-Qarada in Najd, intercepting a rich Quraysh caravan led by Safwan ibn Umayya valued at 100,000 dirhams. - واقعہ
غزوة السويق
تقریباً مئی 624 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 2 ھAn expedition in Dhu al-Hijjah 2 AH pursuing Abu Sufyan who raided the outskirts of Medina with 200 riders; the Meccans dumped bags of roasted barley flour (sawiq) to lighten their load during flight. - واقعہ
غزوة بدر الموعد
تقریباً جنوری 626 عیسوی · شعبان 4 ھIn Sha'ban 4 AH (January 626 CE), the Prophet marched with 1,500 fighters to Badr to meet Abu Sufyan according to their Uhud rendezvous; Abu Sufyan departed with 2,000 Meccans but retreated from Majanna citing a drought year, leaving the Muslims in full mastery of the annual Badr fair for eight days. - واقعہ
غزوة بني المصطلق (المريسيع)
تقریباً دسمبر 627 عیسوی · شعبان 6 ھIn Sha'ban 6 AH (December 627 CE), the Prophet led an expedition against Banu al-Mustaliq at the watering-place of al-Muraysi' after intelligence revealed their mobilization; following a brief exchange, their forces scattered, their camp was taken, and the Prophet married Juwayriyya bint al-Harith, prompting the Muslims to free a hundred families of her clan. - واقعہ
غزوة بني النضير
تقریباً اگست 625 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 4 ھIn Rabi' I 4 AH (August 625 CE), following Banu al-Nadir's attempt to assassinate the Prophet by dropping a millstone and their conspiracy with the hypocrites, the Muslims besieged their fortresses for six nights until they surrendered and were exiled to Khaybar and Syria, leaving behind weapons and heavy armour. وعند البخاري يروي عمر أن أرض بني النضير كانت من صفايا النبي «حبساً لنوائبه» فأبقاها صدقة بعد موته، وفيها خصومة العباس وعلي عند عمر. - واقعہ
غزوة بحران
تقریباً اکتوبر 624 عیسوی · ربیع الثانی 3 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet with 300 men in Rabi' al-Thani 3 AH to Buhran in the direction of al-Furu'; stayed through Jumada al-Ula without encounter. - واقعہ
غزوة بواط
تقریباً ستمبر 623 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 2 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet in Rabi' al-Awwal 2 AH with 200 companions to intercept a Quraysh caravan led by Umayya ibn Khalaf; reached Mount Buwat without encounter. - واقعہ
غزوة ذات الرقاع
تقریباً جولائی 628 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 7 ھIn the 7th year AH after Khaybar (debated timing), the Prophet led an expedition into Najd against gathering clans of Ghatafan; named from the rags the Muslims wrapped around their injured feet; here Salat al-Khawf (prayer of fear) was performed and the incident of Abbad ibn Bishr praying while struck by arrows occurred. - واقعہ
سرية ذات السلاسل
تقریباً اکتوبر 629 عیسوی · جمادی الثانی 8 ھIn Jumada II 8 AH (October 629 CE), following the Battle of Mu'tah, the Prophet dispatched Amr ibn al-As with 300 men (later reinforced by 200 led by Abu Ubayda) to Dhat al-Salasil on the borders of Syria to win over and neutralize the Quda'a and Bali tribes; Amr demonstrated tactical prudence, routed the gatherings, and established Muslim authority in the northern deserts. - واقعہ
غزوة ذي العشيرة
تقریباً نومبر 623 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 2 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet in Jumada al-Ula/al-Akhirah 2 AH with 150-200 Muhajirun to intercept a Quraysh caravan to Sham (the caravan pursued later at Badr); concluded a treaty with Banu Mudlij. - واقعہ
غزوة ذي أمر (غطفان)
تقریباً جولائی 624 عیسوی · محرم 3 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet with 450 men in Muharram 3 AH to disperse Banu Thalaba and Muharib at Dhu Amarr; the Bedouins fled to mountain tops without fighting. - واقعہ
غزوة ذي قرد (غزوة الغابة)
تقریباً مئی 628 عیسوی · محرم 7 ھShortly before Khaybar in 7 AH, Uyayna ibn Hisn raided the Prophet's milch camels at al-Ghaba; Salama ibn al-Akwa' pursued them alone on foot with stones and arrows, holding off the raiders until the cavalry arrived, recovering the camels. - واقعہ
غزوة دومة الجندل
تقریباً اگست 626 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 5 ھIn Rabi' I 5 AH (August 626 CE), the Prophet led a 1,000-strong expedition to Dumat al-Jandal on the borders of Syria to secure the trade routes against marauding tribes; the gathering dispersed, and the Muslims established security and concluded non-aggression terms with tribal chiefs. - واقعہ
سرية نخلة
تقریباً جنوری 624 عیسوی · رجب 2 ھA secretive expedition dispatched by the Prophet under Abdullah ibn Jahsh in Rajab 2 AH with 12 Muhajirun; intercepted a Quraysh caravan at Nakhla, resulting in the death of Amr ibn al-Hadrami and captives; resolved by Qur'an 2:217. - واقعہ
سرية رابغ
تقریباً اپریل 623 عیسوی · شوال 1 ھAn expedition led by Ubayda ibn al-Harith in Shawwal 1 AH with 60 Muhajirun; witnessed the first arrow shot in Islam by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and the defection of al-Miqdad and Utba ibn Ghazwan to the Muslims. - واقعہ
غزوة سفوان (بدر الأولى)
تقریباً ستمبر 623 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 2 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet in Rabi' al-Awwal 2 AH in pursuit of Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri after he raided the pastures of Medina; chased him to the valley of Safwan near Badr. - واقعہ
سرية سيف البحر
تقریباً مارچ 623 عیسوی · رمضان 1 ھThe first expedition dispatched by the Prophet, led by Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib with 30 Muhajirun in Ramadan 1 AH to intercept a Quraysh caravan; mediated by Majdi ibn Amr without clash. - واقعہ
بعث أسامة بن زيد
تقریباً مئی 632 عیسوی · صفر 11 ھIn Safar 11 AH the Prophet equipped a great army under the young Usama ibn Zayd to strike the Byzantine marches of al-Balqa' and al-Darum in Palestine — answering the empire's killing of Muslim converts; the troops camped at al-Jurf until the Prophet's illness delayed them, and the campaign was carried out under Abu Bakr. - واقعہ
سرية أوطاس
تقریباً جنوری 630 عیسوی · شوال 8 ھA detachment sent by the Prophet under Abu Amir al-Ash'ari in pursuit of the routed Hawazin remnants encamped at Awtas; Abu Amir was struck by an arrow and martyred after routing nine enemy champions, whereupon Abu Musa al-Ash'ari took the banner and secured victory. - واقعہ
غزوة تبوك
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھThe Prophet led a large expedition north toward the Byzantine frontier as far as Tabuk; no battle took place. وفي صحيح البخاري يروي كعب بن مالك قصة تخلفه عنها بلسانه: المسير في الحر الشديد والمفازة البعيدة، وأن النبي كان يوري بغير الغزوة حتى جلاها هذه المرة، وأن المسلمين كانوا «كثيراً ولا يجمعهم كتاب حافظ» ، وعدّها يعلى بن أمية «أوثق أعمالي». - واقعہ
إجلاء جرهم عن مكة
تقریباً 150 عیسویAfter some twenty centuries of Jurhumite rule over Mecca, their tyranny over pilgrims and appropriation of the Kaaba’s wealth turns the Adnani clans against them; Khuzaʾa, with Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manaf, expels them in the mid-second century CE — and the departing Jurhumites bury Zamzam and carry off the two golden gazelles and the Black Stone. - واقعہ
آل الفضل بن ماهان بسندان
Al-Fadl ibn Mahan, mawla of Banu Sama, took Sindan and held it — sent al-Ma'mun an elephant, wrote him, and prayed for him in a jami' mosque he built there. His son Muhammad sailed seventy bawarij to Mayd al-Hind, slew many and returned — to find his brother Mahan had seized Sindan; Mahan wrote al-Mu'tasim and gifted a teak plank unmatched for size. The Hind faction in his brother's affair turned, killed and crucified him, then took Sindan and broke its mosque where Muslims had prayed for the caliph. - واقعہ
مصرع المازيار والأفشين
225 ھMazyar captured at al-Sariyya, whipped to death and crucified beside Babak; al-Afshin dead in gaol, gibbeted at Bab al-'Amma and burned with his 'idols'. - واقعہ
فتح أصطخر عنوة
Ibn Amir marched on Istakhr in 28h — Mahak truced for its folk, he left for Jur, and they broke and killed his agent; Jur fallen, he returned and took Istakhr by storm after heavy fighting and mangonels — forty thousand Ajam killed, most house-holders and asawira chiefs who had sheltered there destroyed, some say near a hundred thousand. On his vanguard Ubaydallah ibn Ma'tar al-Taymi had met them at Bramjard and fallen, buried in Bramjard's garden; Ibn Amir hurried — Abu Barza al-Aslami right, Ma'qil ibn Yasar left, Imran ibn al-Husayn horse, Khalid ibn al-Mu'ammar foot — and drove them inside. In another telling they betrayed under Ibn Abbas's Iraq governorship for Ali and were reconquered. - واقعہ
فتح نيسابور
Ibn Amir besieged Abarshahr — Naysabur's city — for months, each quarter under its own warden; one quarter-warden took aman to admit the Muslims by night, they opened the gate, and the marzban fortified in the qahandaz, then sought aman to compound for all Naysabur on a fixed wazifa — concluded at a million dirhams, some say seven hundred thousand. Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulami was made its governor at the conquest. - واقعہ
سقوط تستر وأسر هرمزان
Nine hundred fell in the battle and six hundred captives were beheaded after; then a Persian sought aman to show the Muslims the breach — converted, stipended for himself and his son — and led Ashras ibn Awf of Shayban across Dujayl on a stone weir, up the city, and pointed out Hurmuzan. Forty volunteers under Majza'a ibn Thawr with two hundred behind entered by night, killed the guard and cried takbir on the wall; Hurmuzan fled to his treasury-citadel, Abu Musa crossed at dawn and possessed the city — 'none taught the Arabs our weakness but one who saw their rising fortune and our waning' — while the defector killed his own family and cast them into Dujayl. Hurmuzan asked aman; Abu Musa gave it only on Umar's judgment, and he came down on that. - واقعہ
حجة الوداع
مارچ 632 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 10 ھThe only pilgrimage the Prophet led, during which he gave the sermon known as the Farewell Sermon. - واقعہ
خطبة عرفة الجامعة
مارچ 632 عیسوی · 9 ذوالحجہ 10 ھOn the Day of Arafa, 9 Dhu al-Hijja 10 AH, the Prophet stood at the foot of the valley before more than a hundred thousand pilgrims and delivered the comprehensive sermon: sanctity of blood and property, abolition of pagan blood-feuds and usury beginning with his own house, counsel on women, the pledge of the Book of God, and the testimony 'have I conveyed?' ومنها عند البخاري قوله «إن الزمان قد استدار كهيئته يوم خلق الله السماوات والأرض، السنة اثنا عشر شهراً منها أربعة حرم: ثلاث متواليات ذو القعدة وذو الحجة والمحرم، ورجب مضر الذي بين جمادى وشعبان». - واقعہ
زيارة شهداء أحد الأخيرة
تقریباً اپریل 632 عیسوی · صفر 11 ھIn early Safar 11 AH the Prophet went out to Uhud and prayed over the martyrs 'as one bidding farewell to the living and the dead', then said from the minbar that he was their forerunner, that he could see his Basin, and that he feared not polytheism for them but rivalry over the world. - واقعہ
فتح أرجان وشيراز وبلاد فارس
Late in Umar's caliphate Abu Musa and Uthman ibn Abi al-As joined: Arrajan by sulh on jizya and kharaj; Shiraz of Ardashir-Khurra — dhimma paying kharaj, free exodus for who wished, no killing no enslaving; Siniz whose folk stayed land-workers; Uthman took Hisn Jannaba by aman, and Jarra, Kazarun and Nawbandajan of Sabur; Harim ibn Hayyan took Qal'at Shabir by force after siege and fighting. - واقعہ
فرض صيام رمضان
تقریباً 624 عیسوی · 2 ھThe fast of the month of Ramadan was prescribed for the Muslims of Medina in the second year after the Hijra. - واقعہ
تطهير الكعبة وتكسير الأصنام
جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھUpon entering the sacred precinct, the Prophet circumambulated the Kaaba on his mount, toppled three hundred and sixty lead-fastened idols with his staff while reciting Qur'an 17:81, opened the sanctuary with Uthman ibn Talha's key, effaced the wall frescoes inside while reciting Qur'an 3:67, and had Bilal deliver the adhan from atop the roof. - واقعہ
من أهدرت دماؤهم يوم فتح مكة
جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھPrior to entering Mecca, the Prophet ordered the army to fight only those who offered armed resistance, except for a small named group of individuals accused of apostasy combined with murder, severe physical harm, or treasonous incitement, ordered slain even if found under the Kaaba's curtains. Several were executed, while others were granted protection and returned to Islam. - واقعہ
خطبة النبي عند باب الكعبة والأمان العام
جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھStanding at the threshold of the Kaaba, the Prophet addressed the assembled people of Mecca, abolishing pre-Islamic blood feuds, reciting Qur'an 49:13 on human equality, returning the hereditary custodianship of the key to Uthman ibn Talha, and declaring a comprehensive general amnesty with the renowned words: 'Go, for you are the free ones' (al-Tulaqa'). - واقعہ
فترة الوحي
تقریباً 610 عیسویThe pause in revelation after the first descent at Hira — days rather than years in the reading of Ibn Sa'd via Ibn Abbas that the book prefers — ending when Jibril appeared seated on a throne between heaven and earth and surat al-Muddaththir came down with the command to rise and warn. - واقعہ
الاحتلال الحبشي الأول لليمن
340 عیسویIn the age of disorder after 300 CE the Romans entered Aden and with their help the Abyssinians occupied Yemen for the first time in 340 CE, exploiting the rivalry of Hamdan and Himyar; the occupation lasted until 378 CE and brought Christian missions into Yemen, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. - واقعہ
لقاء النبي بالنفر الستة من الخزرج بالعقبة
تقریباً جولائی 620 عیسویThe historic meeting at al-Aqaba during the pilgrimage season of the 11th year of prophethood (July 620 CE) between the Prophet and six notables from the Khazraj clan of Yathrib, who embraced Islam and carried its call to Medina. - واقعہ
أول جمعة في بني سالم بن عوف
24 ستمبر 622 عیسوی · 12 ربیع الاول 1 ھOn the Friday of his entry into Medina, prayer time overtook the Prophet among Banu Salim ibn Awf, and he led a congregation of a hundred men in the mosque in the valley bottom — counted in the sira as the first Jumu'a. - واقعہ
أول جمعة ببني سالم
The first Friday prayer in Islam — the camel 'commanded' forward through the Ansar's pleas until the hour caught him among Banu Salim in Wadi Ranuna' — and the jurists' standing dispute over the Friday quorum, al-Shafi'i holding to forty, the Kufans otherwise. - واقعہ
أول جمعة بيثرب قبل الهجرة
تقریباً 622 عیسوی · 1 ھThe first congregational Friday in Islam, on the account of 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ka'b ibn Malik: As'ad ibn Zurara gathered it at Naqi' al-Khadimat in the harra of Banu Bayada with forty men, and his father Ka'b used to pray for As'ad's forgiveness whenever he heard the Friday call, for he was the first to gather them; al-Zuhri's version that Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr gathered twelve men is reconciled in that As'ad held the prayer with the twelve and Mus'ab led it. - واقعہ
الهجرة الأولى إلى الحبشة
تقریباً 615 عیسویIn Rajab of the fifth year of prophethood, twelve men and four women — led by Uthman ibn Affan with the Prophet's daughter Ruqayya — slipped away by night to the port of Shu'ayba and sailed in two merchant ships to the kingdom of the Negus, 'a just king under whom no one is wronged'; most returned in Shawwal on the false report that Quraysh had converted. - واقعہ
بيعة العقبة الأولى
تقریباً جولائی 621 عیسویAt the pilgrim season of the twelfth year of the mission twelve men from Yathrib, five of the six who had embraced Islam the year before and seven others, pledged allegiance to the Prophet at al-Aqaba at Mina in the manner of the women's pledge; he asked them to choose twelve chiefs over their people, and sent Mus'ab ibn Umayr with them to teach them the Qur'an and Islam. - واقعہ
غزوة قبرس الأولى
تقریباً 648 عیسوی · 28 ھIn al-Baladhuri from al-Waqidi and others: Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan led the first sea raid on Cyprus — the Muslims had never before sailed the Byzantine sea; he had asked Umar's leave to raid by sea and was refused, and when Uthman took office he wrote asking leave for Cyprus, noting its nearness and ease; Uthman wrote back 'you witnessed what Umar replied when you consulted him about the sea', and when year 27 opened Mu'awiya again made light of the crossing, so Uthman wrote 'if you sail, take your wife with you — else do not'; he sailed from Acre with many vessels, carrying his wife Fakhita bint Qaraza the Qurashite, and Ubada ibn al-Samit carried his wife Umm Haram bint Milhan the Ansari — in year 28; when they reached its shore — an island some eighty farsakhs square, it is said — its archon sent seeking terms, its people consenting, and he compounded with them for seven thousand two hundred dinars paid yearly, while the Byzantines compounded with them for the like — so they pay two tributes — stipulating that the Muslims not bar them paying the Byzantines, and the Muslims stipulating that they not be made to fight those who came from beyond them and that they warn the Muslims of Byzantine movements; so when the Muslims sailed they did not trouble them, and Cyprus's people neither aided them nor fought them; on this raid went Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, Abu al-Darda', Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, Ubada ibn al-Samit, Fadala ibn Ubayd al-Ansari, Umayr ibn Sa'd al-Ansari, Wathila ibn al-Asqa', Abdullah ibn Bishr al-Mazini, Shaddad ibn Aws ibn Thabit — nephew of Hassan ibn Thabit — al-Miqdad, Ka'b al-Ahbar and Jubayr ibn Nufayr al-Hadrami; Umm Haram left the ship and was brought a mount which stumbled and killed her — her grave in Cyprus is called the grave of the righteous woman; Mu'awiya afterwards compounded with them a lasting peace at seven thousand dinars, upon good counsel to the Muslims and warning them of their Byzantine enemy. - واقعہ
بدء الوحي في غار حراء
10 اگست 610 عیسوی · 21 رمضان 12 قبل ہجرتThe descent of Jibril upon the Prophet in the cave of Hira with the opening verses of surat al-Alaq — on the night of Monday 21 Ramadan in the book's preferred reckoning, corresponding to 10 August 610 CE, when the Prophet was forty lunar years, six months and twelve days old. - واقعہ
فتنة فيروزكوه بين الرازي والكرامية
595 ھ595 AH: Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, newly honoured at the Ghurid court with a madrasa beside the Herat jami', debated the Karrami shaykh Ibn al-Qadwa before Sultan Ghiyath al-Din at Firuzkuh; after al-Razi insulted the standing sultan, Ibn al-Qadwa preached the next day disavowing the philosophers, the crowd wept and the town filled for riot until the sultan quieted it by sending al-Razi back to Herat — a window on Karrami strength in the Ghurid realm. - واقعہ
سيل العرم
تقریباً 450 عیسویThe great breach of the Maʾrib dam around 450–451 CE which the Quran recalls as Sayl al-Arim; in the sira’s account it ruins Yemen’s settled life and sends the Qahtani tribes scattering across the peninsula. - واقعہ
بناء مدينة موسى بقزوين
When Musa al-Hadi reached Rayy he came to Qazwin and ordered a city built in its ground known as Madinat Musa; he bought a tract called Rustamabadh and endowed it for the town's benefit, his mawla Amr al-Rumi administering it, then Muhammad ibn Amr; and al-Mubarak al-Turki built a fortress called Madinat al-Mubarak peopled by his own mawali. - واقعہ
بناء المحمدية بالري
774 عیسوی · 158 ھAl-Mahdi came to Rayy in the caliphate of his father al-Mansur and built the city the people inhabit today, dug a moat around it, built a congregational mosque carried out by Ammar ibn Abi al-Khasib whose name was written on its wall, dated its building 158 AH, girded it with a suburb-wall of fired brick and named it al-Muhammadiyya — Rayy's people call the inner town al-Madina al-Dakhila and the walled suburb al-Madina al-Kharija; Hisn al-Zaynabi lay inside al-Muhammadiyya, al-Mahdi ordered its repair and lodged there overlooking mosque and governor's palace, and on his first arrival he had lodged at a village called al-Sirwan. - واقعہ
بناء طرسوس
تقریباً اپریل 788 عیسوی · ربیع الثانی 172 ھIn al-Baladhuri from al-Waqidi: al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba al-Ta'i raided Byzantine lands in year 162 with the men of Khurasan, Mosul and Syria, Yemenite reinforcements and the volunteers of Iraq and the Hijaz, setting out by way of Tarsus, and reported to al-Mahdi the great benefit for Islam in building, fortifying and manning it and the check and vexation it would give the enemy — al-Hasan having fought so well on that raid and harried the Byzantine land that they named him the Shaytan; coming out of Byzantine territory he camped at Tarsus's meadow and rode to the ruined city, circling it on every side and reckoning its capacity at a hundred thousand; he described it to al-Mahdi and likewise told him of al-Hadath, rousing him to build it, so al-Mahdi ordered him to build Tarsus beginning with al-Hadath city, which was built, and charged him with Tarsus; in year 171 al-Rashid heard the Byzantines had conspired to go to Tarsus to fortify and man it, so he sent the summer raid of year 171 under Harthama ibn A'yan ordering him to settle, build and fortify it, putting the work in the hands of Faraj ibn Sulaym the eunuch at his command, and Abu Sulaym marched him to Madinat al-Salam whence he mustered the first levy of Khurasanis — three thousand men — who entered Tarsus, then a second levy of two thousand — a thousand of Masisa's people and a thousand of Antioch's, each man on a ten-dinar increase over his pay — who camped with the first levy at al-Mada'in at the Jihad gate at the opening of Muharram year 172 until Tarsus's building, fortification and mosque were complete; Faraj surveyed from river to river four thousand lots, each twenty cubits square, granted the Tarsusis their lots, and the two levies settled it in Rabi' II year 172; Abd al-Malik ibn Salih had appointed Yazid ibn Makhlad al-Fazari over it, whom the Khurasanis expelled in resentment for the Hubayriyya, and Abu al-Fawaris replaced him, confirmed in 170-and-odd. - واقعہ
حصر الفرنج دمياط سنة ٥٦٤
تقریباً اکتوبر 1169 عیسوی · صفر 564 ھSafar 564 (Oct–Dec 1169): Frankish Syria, reinforced by fleets answering appeals to Sicily and al-Andalus, besieged Damietta fifty days; Saladin fed it men and money down the Nile while Nur al-Din loosed his raiders deep into the emptied Frankish lands — the besiegers withdrew to find their own country wasted, in Ibn al-Athir's proverb the ostrich that went out seeking horns and came back without ears. - واقعہ
صلاة النبي على النجاشي صلاة الغائب
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھIn 9 AH news reached Medina of the death of Ashama, the Negus of Abyssinia, who had sheltered the Muslim emigrants; the Prophet announced his death the day he died and led the funeral prayer for him in absentia. - واقعہ
مشاورة الفقهاء في أمر قبرس
In al-Baladhuri from Syrian scholars and Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam: the people of Cyprus gave fresh offence while Abd al-Malik ibn Salih ibn Ali the Abbasid governed the marches, and he wished to annul their treaty — the jurists being accessible — so he wrote to al-Layth ibn Sa'd, Malik ibn Anas, Sufyan ibn Uyayna, Musa ibn A'yun, Isma'il ibn Ayyash, Yahya ibn Hamza, Abu Ishaq al-Fazari and Makhlad ibn al-Husayn about their case and they answered him; among their rulings: al-Layth ibn Sa'd — they are suspected of betraying the Muslims and counselling the Byzantines; I hold you should denounce the treaty and give them a year's grace to choose — whoever wishes may join the Muslims' lands as a dhimmi paying kharaj, whoever wishes may withdraw to Byzantine lands, and whoever would stay in Cyprus stays at war; Malik ibn Anas — their safe-conduct is ancient and successive governors have honoured it, I find none who annulled their treaty, and hold you should not hasten to denounce it until the proof stands against them; Sufyan ibn Uyayna — we know of no people God covenanted with who broke the covenant without their blood becoming lawful, save the people of Mecca; Musa ibn A'yun — I have seen none of our predecessors annul them and hold they should be kept to their terms, transmitting from al-Awza'i that a dhimmi who guided the polytheists to the Muslims' weakness has left his dhimma, while a mere treaty-people is denounced openly; Isma'il ibn Ayyash — they are a humbled, conquered people whom the Byzantines master over their own lives and women, so it is our duty to defend and protect them and keep them on their covenant; Yahya ibn Hamza — Cyprus's case is that of Arabasus, where Umayr ibn Sa'd reported to Umar and Umar offered them double their wealth or expulsion, and when they refused he exiled them a year then ruined it — they are people of ransom, not of dhimma; Abu Ishaq al-Fazari and Makhlad ibn al-Husayn — nothing resembles Cyprus's case but Arabasus and Umar's ruling in it, transmitting from al-Awza'i that Cyprus's treaty was fourteen thousand dinars, seven to the Muslims and seven to the Byzantines, and that their treaty cannot be annulled save for an act in which their treachery is known. - واقعہ
استيلاء الجنوبيين على طرابلس ورجوعها
تقریباً 1356 عیسوی · تقریباً 757 ھTripoli stood as a frontier town holding the state's rite while cut off from the capital in the 750s, Genoese merchants frequenting it and spying out its weaknesses; their herald cried war with arms already donned, the people woke in panic, and seeing them on the walls thought only of saving themselves — Thabit ibn Umar their captain escaping to the Hulla to join his brother — while the Christians held the town until the Muslims won it back. - واقعہ
ملك الكرج مدينة دوين
1203 عیسوی · 599 ھ599: the Georgians stormed Dvin in Azerbaijan, sacked it and massacred its people — while its Atabeg Abu Bakr ibn al-Pahlawan, the last Eldiguzid ruler of Azerbaijan, 'occupied with drink night and day', ignored years of pleas from the border towns. Ibn al-Athir writes that reports of the killing and enslavement made skins shudder. - واقعہ
غدير خم
مارچ 632 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 10 ھA halt at the pool of Khumm on the return from the Farewell Pilgrimage, at which the Prophet spoke about Ali. - واقعہ
ليالي غار ثور الثلاث
تقریباً 13 ستمبر 622 عیسوی · تقریباً 1 ربیع الاول 1 ھ†The Prophet and Abu Bakr hid in the cave of Thawr for the nights of Friday, Saturday and Sunday while Quraysh combed the country offering a hundred camels for each man; their pursuers reached the cave's mouth and turned back. - واقعہ
كتاب ملك غسان إلى كعب بن مالك
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھWhile Ka'b was walking in the market during the boycott, a Nabataean from the Nabataeans of al-Sham who had brought food asked after him and handed him a letter from the king of Ghassan, wrapped in a scrap of silk, inviting him to join him; Ka'b thrust it into a lit oven. - واقعہ
حبيب بن المهلب بالسند وإسلام ملوكها ومقتل بني المهلب
Sulayman sent Habib ibn al-Muhallab to the Sind war as India's kings regained their thrones — Dahir's son Habsha back at Brahmanabadh — and Habib took obedience on Mihran's shore. When Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz followed, he wrote the kings inviting them to Islam with kingship kept and Muslims' rights and duties — his reputation had reached them — and Habsha and the kings converted, taking Arab names; Amr ibn Muslim al-Bahili raided Hind and won. Under Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik the Banu al-Muhallab fled to Sind; Hilal ibn Ahwaz al-Tamimi cut them down at Tandabil — Mudrik, al-Mufaddal, Abd al-Malik, Ziyad, Marwan and Mu'awiya, with Mu'awiya ibn Yazid among others. - واقعہ
خلع أبي زكريا الحفصي طاعة الموحدين
1230 عیسوی · 627 ھIn 627 AH the amir Abu Zakariya, grandson of the shaykh Abu Hafs, seized Ifriqiya and threw off the caliph al-Ma'mun's allegiance after the latter had erased the Mahdi's name from coinage and khutba — founding the Hafsid state at Tunis under the Hintati grandsons of the Almohads' greatest shaykh. - واقعہ
حجة أبي بكر
مارچ 631 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 9 ھThe Prophet sent Abu Bakr to lead the pilgrimage of the ninth year after the Hijra, the first led by the Muslims after the conquest of Mecca. - واقعہ
بعث الحجاج إلى الديلم
When the Kurds ravaged during Ibn al-Ash'ath's revolt, al-Hajjaj sent Amr ibn Hani' al-Absi with Damascenes who routed and slaughtered them, then ordered him against Daylam with twelve thousand — among them eighty of Banu Ujul and their Kufan clients, including Muhammad ibn Sinan al-Ujli, who settled a Dastaba village then built a house in Qazwin's suburb; the frontier folk rebuked him for exposing himself and them, he ignored them, his household built with him outside the town, others followed, and so the suburb grew. - واقعہ
دار الضرب وسكك الحجاج
Al-Hajjaj struck dirhams at the end of 75h and ordered them struck in all regions in 76h. 'Awana ibn al-Hakam: he asked how the Persians struck dirhams, took a mint-house, gathered the minters, struck the sultan's money from bullion and the purifications of zuyuf, sattuqa and bahraja, then licensed merchants' sheets for a fee and sealed the minters' hands. He struck 'ali dirhams marked 'bismillah, al-Hajjaj', then 'God is one, God the eternal' — the jurists disliked them and they were called makruha, or so the Ajam called them for their short weight; the Sumayriyya were named for their first striker. Mus'ab had struck dirhams by Ibn al-Zubayr's order in 70h on the Kisra-type marked 'baraka wa-'afiya' — al-Hajjaj altered them — and, per Ibn al-Kalbi, dinars too; al-Harith ibn Abdallah ibn Abi Rabi'a struck wazn-sab'a in Ibn al-Zubayr's days. Abd al-Malik first struck gold after the Year of Union, 74h (some dinars in 72, then 75). Then Umar ibn Hubayra refined the silver beyond his predecessors and bore hard on the changers; Khalid al-Qasri harder; Yusuf ibn Umar hardest — cut hands and flogged backs — so the Hubayriyya, Khalidiyya and Yusufiyya were the best Umayyad coin, the only Umayyad dirhams al-Mansur accepted for kharaj, whence the first dirhams were called makruha. - واقعہ
عقوبة الحجاج للأساورة
The asawira stood aside at the Camel and Siffin and all the Muslims' civil wars till Yawm Mas'ud, then witnessed al-Rabadha and the Ibn al-Ash'ath affair — for which al-Hajjaj razed their houses, cut their stipends and exiled some, citing their own clause: 'it was in your compact not to aid one of us against another'. - واقعہ
ختم الحجاج أعناق أهل المدينة
تقریباً 693 عیسوی · 74 ھIn year 74 al-Hajjaj marched to Medina and took to harassing its people, humbling the remaining Companions by stamping their necks and hands with seals — among them Anas, Jabir ibn Abdullah and Sahl ibn Sa'd al-Sa'idi. - واقعہ
ولاية الحكم بن عمرو الغفاري خراسان
Ziyad told his chamberlain Fayl 'bring me al-Hakam' meaning al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi — but Umm Abdallah bint Uthman ibn Abi al-As was with him, and he was brought al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghifari instead; seeing him Ziyad blessed the chance: 'a righteous man of the Prophet's companions' — and gave him Khurasan, where he died in 50h, the first to pray beyond the river. Long after, Ibn Mubarak asked a Saghaniyan hadith-seeker 'do you know who conquered your land? — al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghifari'. - واقعہ
تقرير حكيم بن جبلة عن ثغر الهند
Uthman had Abdallah ibn Amir send Hakim ibn Jabala al-Abdi to scout the Indian frontier; his report — 'its water is scant, its fruit worthless, its thief a nobody; few troops would perish, many would starve' — drew the caliph's 'are you a poet or a rhymester?', and no campaign followed. - واقعہ
غزوة حمراء الأسد
24 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 8 شوال 3 ھOn the morning of Sunday 8 Shawwal 3 AH the Prophet called the people to pursue Quraysh and said: only those who fought with us may come. The Muslims answered despite their wounds. They reached Hamra al-Asad, eight miles from Medina, and camped. The Prophet sent Ma'bad ibn Abi Ma'bad al-Khuza'i to Abu Sufyan, and at al-Rawha he waged a propaganda war of nerves on him: 'Muhammad has come out with a gathering I have never seen the like of, burning for you.' The Meccan army's resolve collapsed and they kept withdrawing to Mecca. Abu Sufyan sent riders of Abd al-Qays to threaten the Muslims, which only increased their faith. The Prophet stayed Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, then returned and executed Abu Azza al-Jumahi, who had broken his pledge. - واقعہ
حرب الفجار
تقریباً 586 عیسویThe sacrilegious war between Quraysh and Kinana on one side and Qays 'Aylan on the other, so named because it violated the sanctity of the sanctuary and the sacred months; the fifteen-year-old Muhammad attended, readying arrows for his uncles. - واقعہ
بيعة هارون الرشيد
تقریباً 14 ستمبر 786 عیسوی · 14 ربیع الاول 170 ھHarun al-Rashid acceded by his father's designation on his brother al-Hadi's death — Saturday night, 14 Rabi' I 170; that same night his son Abdallah al-Ma'mun was born. Per al-Suli, in all of time there was never a night in which a caliph died, a caliph rose and a caliph was born but this one. - واقعہ
وفد هوازن واسترداد السبايا بالجعرانة
فروری 630 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 8 ھA delegation of Hawazin came to the Prophet at al-Ji'rana after professing Islam, invoking his foster-kinship among their clans; the Prophet relinquished his own share and that of Banu Abd al-Muttalib, and inspired the Muhajirun and Ansar to return six thousand captives to their families in a grand act of reconciliation. - واقعہ
صلح حيان مع الأصبهبذ
Yazid posted Abdallah ibn Ma'mar al-Yashkari over Dihistan and al-Biyasan with four thousand and sent his son Khalid and brother Abu Uyayna against the Ispahbadh, who routed them back to Yazid's camp and wrote the marzban to kill his Arabs — Abdallah and his men were slaughtered in their beds. Yazid sent Hayyan, Masmala's mawla of Daylami captivity, who told the Ispahbadh 'I am a man of yours to you, though religion parts us; you cannot stand Khurasan's armies, and I found Yazid quick to terms' — he worked him till Yazid treated for seven hundred thousand dirhams and four hundred qirats of saffron; the Ispahbadh demanded weight-six, Hayyan bore the difference — a noble and leading mawla, called Abu Ma'mar. - واقعہ
فتنة أهل السوقين بهراة
اگست 1205 عیسوی · محرم 602 ھMuharram 602: Herat's mob rose in a great fitna between the two market quarters — the blacksmiths and the coppersmiths — with killings, looting and ruined houses; the city's amir was struck by a stone, mobbed, and hidden in the Firuzi palace for days until the fitna subsided. - واقعہ
الهجرة النبوية
تقریباً 12 ستمبر 622 عیسوی · تقریباً 29 صفر 1 ھ†The migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, the event from which the Islamic calendar is counted. - واقعہ
ليلة الخروج في الهجرة
تقریباً 12 ستمبر 622 عیسوی · تقریباً 29 صفر 1 ھ†The night of 27 Safar when eleven Quraysh chiefs surrounded the Prophet's house to kill him at dawn; Ali slept in his bed wrapped in his green Hadrami cloak while the Prophet walked through the cordon unscathed and reached Abu Bakr's house. ويروي البخاري الليلة كاملة في حديث الهجرة الطويل عن عائشة — نوم علي على الفراش والخروج إلى الغار وطلب قريش — ويليه قصة سراقة بن مالك بلسانه حين تبعهما فساخت قوائم فرسه. - واقعہ
رحلة الهجرة من غار ثور إلى المدينة ودخولها
23 ستمبر 622 عیسوی · 11 ربیع الاول 1 ھ†The Prophet and Abu Bakr left the cave with the guide Abdullah ibn Uraykit and Amir ibn Fuhayra by the coast road; they passed the tent of Umm Ma'bad, Suraqa ibn Malik pursued them and his horse sank into the ground so that he asked for safe-conduct; they reached Quba on Monday 8 Rabi' I and stayed four days, then entered Medina on Friday. - واقعہ
خروج النبي من داره ليلة الهجرة والاختباء في غار ثور
تقریباً 12 ستمبر 622 عیسوی · تقریباً 29 صفر 1 ھ†After Gabriel warned him of Quraysh's plot, the Prophet left his house at night, threw dust over the heads of those watching it, and went out through a back door of Abu Bakr's house to the cave of Thawr, where they hid three nights; Abu Bakr's son brought them news and Amir ibn Fuhayra grazed sheep over their tracks; Quraysh pursued them but did not reach the cave's door. - واقعہ
حلف الفضول
تقریباً 586 عیسویA pact sworn in Dhu al-Qa'da at the house of Abdullah ibn Jud'an by the clans of Hashim, al-Muttalib, Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza, Zuhra ibn Kilab and Taym ibn Murra, to stand with anyone wronged in Mecca until his right is restored; the young Muhammad witnessed it and praised it after prophethood. - واقعہ
ولاية هشام بن عمرو التغلبي السند
Al-Mansur gave Sind to Hisham ibn Amr al-Taghlibi: he opened what resisted, sent Amr ibn Jamal's bawarij to Narand, took Qashayr with its crowds of captives, reopened Multan, expelled the Arab mutaghalliba from Qandabil, and came on Qandahar by ship — razed the budd and built a mosque on its site. The land flowered under him; then the thaghr passed to Umar ibn Hafs Hazarmard, then Dawud ibn Yazid ibn Hatim, whose mawla of Kinda Abu al-Summa is today's mutaghallib. - واقعہ
هرمزان بين يدي عمر
Carried to Umar, Hurmuzan was spared and stipended; Anas ibn Malik, his escort, narrates: 'Speak' — 'a living man's speech or a dead man's?' — 'no harm'. 'We Persians, so long as God left us between you, raided and killed you; when God was with you we had no hands against you.' Then 'what say you, Anas?' — 'I left a fierce force behind; count him a dog: kill it and the folk despair of life and grow fiercer, spare it and they hope.' Umar marvelled — Bara' and Majza'a had warned Anas not to kill him; doubting whether 'no harm' licensed the speech, Anas went out and al-Zubayr bore witness for him. Freed, Hurmuzan converted — then, accused of counselling Abu Lu'lu'a over Umar's murder, Ubaydallah ibn Umar drew him to see a horse and struck him dead unawares. - واقعہ
مكر المنافقين بالعقبة في رجوع تبوك
تقریباً جنوری 631 عیسوی · رمضان 9 ھOn the return from Tabuk, twelve hypocrites — faces veiled — attempted to frighten the Prophet's camel at a steep pass; Ammar was holding its halter and Hudhayfa driving it, and Hudhayfa struck the ambushers' mounts with his staff until God terrified them into flight; the Prophet told Hudhayfa their names and their plot, whence Hudhayfa was called 'keeper of the Prophet's secret'. - واقعہ
قول بعضهم: لا تنفروا في الحر
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھSome of the 'hypocrites', in Ibn Ishaq's account, said to one another: do not march out in the heat — in disdain for the campaign, doubt of the truth and to demoralise the Prophet's side; he says two verses of Sura al-Tawba were revealed about them. - واقعہ
سخرية رهط من المنافقين واعتذارهم
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھA party of the 'hypocrites', among them Wadi'a ibn Thabit and Makhshan ibn Humayr al-Ashja'i, were riding toward the Prophet as he set out for Tabuk and said that fighting the Banu al-Asfar was not like fighting the Arabs and that they would be tied up in ropes tomorrow. The Prophet sent Ammar ibn Yasir to question them; they excused themselves that they had only been jesting and playing, and God revealed a verse of Sura al-Tawba about them. - واقعہ
نهاية عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن الأشعث بسجستان
Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath renounced obedience and fled to Sijistan against Abd al-Malik and al-Hajjaj, allying with Rutbil — who then surrendered him in fear of al-Hajjaj's threatening letter. He threw himself from a mountain-top, or a rooftop, chained to his keeper who fell with him, and died; his head went to al-Hajjaj, who truced Rutbil for seven — some say nine — years, thereafter nine hundred thousand dirhams yearly in 'urud. - واقعہ
غزوة ابن الأشعث طبرستان
Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad made Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath ibn Qays al-Kindi governor of Tabaristan; he treated with them and bound a compact, they let him in, then seized the narrows, killed his son Abu Bakr and crushed his skull — Muhammad escaped, and the raiders of that frontier stayed wary of driving deep into enemy land. - واقعہ
عبور ابن عامر النهر وإحرامه شكراً
Abu Ubayda: Ibn Amir conquered this side of the river; when his fame reached Transoxania they sued for peace — he crossed to a place, or they came to him and truced — and collectors brought beasts, wada'if, silk and garments, whereupon he made ihram in thanks to God. No one else reports his crossing or his sulh with the east-bank people; he then performed umra and came before Uthman. - واقعہ
افتتاح ابن عامر خراسان
Ibn Amir invaded Khurasan in 30h — Ziyad over Basra, al-Ahnaf ibn Qays (or Ibn Khazim) on the van — confirmed the Tabasayn sulh, routed the Hayatila at Quhistan and took it by force, or reduced them to their fort and truced at six hundred thousand; Mu'ammar says the marcher was Umair ibn al-Ahmar, and it is Sukar ibn Wa'il's land. Yazid al-Jarrashi took Zam, Bakharz and Juwayn with captives; the ascetic al-Aswad ibn Kulthum — Adi al-Ribab — broke into Bayhaq through a wall-breach and fell with his band when the foe held it, Adham ibn Kathum then winning the town; al-Aswad, who had prayed to rise from the bellies of beasts and birds, was left unburied by his brother while his companions were buried. Ibn Amir took Basht, Ashband, Rukh, Zawa, Khuwaf, Asbara'in and Arghiyan. - واقعہ
ملك ابن غانية بجاية
تقریباً نومبر 1184 عیسوی · شوال 580 ھSha'ban 580: hearing of Yusuf ibn Abd al-Mu'min's death, Ali 'Ibn Ghaniya' of Majorca sailed twenty vessels into Béjaïa's roadstead — two hundred mounted Mulaththamun and four thousand foot took the governor-less city without a fight; the Banu Hammad remnant flocked in, the returning governor's own thousand Arabs defected at first contact, and only Constantine held out until an Almohad army of twenty thousand horse and a great fleet lifted it in Safar 581, driving the brothers to Ifriqiya. - واقعہ
لقاء ابن خلدون بالأمير تيمور تحت أسوار دمشق
تقریباً جنوری 1401 عیسوی · 803 ھIbn Khaldun's own account: summoned into Faraj's retinue mid-Rabi' I 803, racing the Tatars to Damascus, then — fearing a rumor and hearing Timur had asked after him — lowered from the city wall at dawn to Timur's deputy Shah Malik, and brought to the conqueror reclining among his dishes and seated Mughul circles, with the Khwarazmian faqih Abd al-Jabbar translating; Timur raised his head, extended his hand to be kissed, and asked how and why he had come from the Maghreb. - واقعہ
مقتل عبد الله بن خازم
Tamim rose at Herat and killed Ibn Khazim's son Muhammad; the father took Uthman ibn Bashir ibn al-Muhtafiz and slew him in cold blood, with a Tamimi. Tamim conspired his deposition — Bujayr ibn Waraqa's party shifted to Abarshahr and renounced him as he sent his baggage with Musa to Tirmidh. Abd al-Malik's writ appointing him arrived; he fed the messenger the letter: 'I could not meet God having broken my bay'a to the son of the Prophet's hawari and given bay'a to the son of his exile'. Abd al-Malik gave it to Bukayr ibn Wishah — who had already deposed him, seized arms and treasury, and won Marw's bay'a. Marching for Tirmidh, Ibn Khazim was overtaken by Bujayr near Marw; Waki' ibn al-Dawraqiyya came out in arms and with Bujayr stabbed him, sat on his chest crying 'for Duwayla's vengeance' — his slain half-brother — as Ibn Khazim spat 'curse you: you kill Mudar's ram for a brother not worth a palm of date-stones', and Waki' answered in verse. His sons Anbasa and Yahya fell with him, his mawla Tahman — grandfather of the Mahdi's secretary Ya'qub ibn Dawud — was wounded; Bukayr sent his head to be displayed at Damascus and his severed right hand to Uthman ibn Bashir's sons. - واقعہ
عهد ابن خازم المفتعل على خراسان
Ibn Khazim contrived a covenant on Ibn Amir's tongue and took Khurasan; the Turkish masses gathered against him and he scattered them, then came to Basra before Uthman's killing. - واقعہ
حرب ابن خازم على ولاية خراسان
Ibn Khazim met the departing Salm at Naysabur and carried his covenant over Khurasan with a hundred thousand dirhams; Bakr ibn Wa'il's masses resented 'these men eating Khurasan over us' and raided his baggage before being fought off. Sulayman ibn Marthad told him the covenant was worthless — its issuer could not stay himself — and they agreed to let Ibn al-Zubayr arbitrate; six months on, Urwa ibn Qatiba brought Ibn Khazim the governorship — and Sulayman refused it: 'Ibn al-Zubayr is no caliph, only a man sheltering at the House'. Six thousand against fifteen thousand, cries 'humr la yunsarun' against 'ya nasr iqtarib' — Sulayman fell to Qays ibn Asim al-Sulami, who took his head; his remnant under Umar ibn Marthad at Talaqan was destroyed next. When Rabi'a gathered to Aws ibn Tha'laba at Herat, Ibn Khazim left Musa over Marw and marched — the Turks exploiting their strife to raid near Naysabur — had Aws poisoned, and before battle urged his men to stab the horses' nostrils, 'no horse ever endured that and stayed'; Aws, already ailing, took a wound and died days later. - واقعہ
فتح ابن سمرة وصنم الزور
Ibn Amir made Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura governor of Sijistan; he besieged Zaranj's marzban in his palace on their feast-day — truced for two million dirhams and two thousand wadif — then conquered between Zaranj and Kish on the India side, and by the Rukhkhaj road to the Dawar country, bottling them in Jabal al-Zur before truce. Eight thousand Muslims took four thousand each; he entered upon the Zur idol — gold, with ruby eyes — cut off its hand and took the rubies: 'yours, the gold and jewels — I meant only to show you it can neither harm nor benefit'. Bust and Zabil he took by compact. - واقعہ
معسكر عبد الله بن أبي وتخلفه
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھAbdullah ibn Ubayy pitched his own camp below the Prophet's camp toward Dhubab — as they claim, no smaller than the Prophet's own. When the Prophet marched on, Ibn Ubayy stayed behind with those of the 'hypocrites and doubters' who stayed. - واقعہ
رحلات إبراهيم إلى مكة
تقریباً 2000 قبل مسیحIbrahim travelled to Mecca from time to time to see what he had left there; the number is unknown but the sources preserve four journeys: the dream and the ransom of Ismail, and three narrated by al-Bukhari from Ibn Abbas: finding Ismail's first wife complaining (change the threshold), his second wife grateful (keep the threshold), and finally meeting Ismail, when together they raised the Kaaba and Ibrahim proclaimed the pilgrimage. - واقعہ
ولاية عمران بن موسى السند وحربه الزط والميد
Al-Mu'tasim gave Imran ibn Musa the thaghr: he drove the Zutt of Qiqan, built al-Bayda and garrisoned it; took hill-top Qandabil from the mutaghallib Muhammad ibn al-Khalil and carried its chiefs to Qusdar; slew three thousand Mayd at Sikkar al-Mayd. On the Rur river he hand-stamped the Zutt, took their jizya, and bound each to keep a dog — till a dog fetched fifty dirhams — then raided the Mayd with Zutt chiefs, cutting a sea-channel that made their marsh water brackish. When Nizari-Yamani strife rose he leaned to the Yemenis, and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Habbari — whose grandfather came with al-Hakam — killed him unawares. - واقعہ
سرية الرجيع
تقریباً جولائی 625 عیسوی · صفر 4 ھIn Safar 4 AH (July 625 CE), a party of ten Companions led by Asim ibn Thabit was sent as teachers following a deceptive request by the Adal and al-Qarah tribes; they were betrayed to Banu Lihyan at al-Raji', where seven were killed in combat and three taken captive. - واقعہ
مأساة بئر معونة
تقریباً جولائی 625 عیسوی · صفر 4 ھIn Safar 4 AH, seventy senior Muslim reciters (qurra') led by al-Mundhir ibn Amr were sent to Najd at the request of Abu Bara' Amir ibn Malik; they were ambushed and massacred at Bi'r Ma'una by Amir ibn al-Tufayl and allied Sulaym clans. - واقعہ
قصة ذات أنواط
جنوری 630 عیسوی · شوال 8 ھOn the march to Hunayn the army passed the sacred tree Dhat Anwat, where pagans hung their weapons and held rites; some of the newly converted soldiers asked the Prophet to 'appoint for us a Dhat Anwat as they have one', and he rebuked the request, likening it to the Israelites' demand that Moses make them a god. - واقعہ
حادثة الشاة المسمومة بخيبر
تقریباً جون 628 عیسوی · صفر 7 ھFollowing the conquest of Khaybar, Zaynab bint al-Harith (wife of Sallam ibn Mishkam) sent the Prophet a roasted sheep heavily laced with poison; upon chewing a morsel, the Prophet spat it out stating that the bone informed him it was poisoned, while Bishr ibn al-Bara' swallowed a bite and died. - واقعہ
حادثة الإفك
تقریباً دسمبر 627 عیسوی · شعبان 6 ھOn the return from the Expedition of al-Muraysi', Aisha was accidentally left behind when searching for a lost necklace and was escorted back to Medina by Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal; Abdullah ibn Ubayy orchestrated a malicious slander campaign that troubled the community for a month until verses of Surat al-Nur established her innocence. - واقعہ
ملك عسكر الخليفة أصفهان
1195 عیسوی · 591 ھ591: al-Nasir's troops under Sayf al-Din Tughril entered Isfahan after Sadr al-Din al-Khujandi — ra'is of its Shafi'is and de facto second ruler — offered the city to Baghdad's Diwan; the hated Khwarazmian garrison withdrew to Khurasan with the caliphals taking stragglers — a rare Abbasid territorial gain deep in the Jibal. - واقعہ
هرب عدي بن حاتم إلى الشام ثم قدومه وإسلامه
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھAdi ibn Hatim, chief of Tayy, a Christian who took the quarter-share, hated the Prophet on hearing of him and kept camels ready; when his slave saw the banners of Muhammad's armies he carried his family to the Christians of Syria, leaving Hatim's daughter, who was captured, released and came to rebuke him and urge him to go to the Prophet. He came to Medina; the Prophet rose, took him home, stood long for a weak old woman who stopped him, threw Adi a cushion and sat on the ground, and Adi said to himself, this is not the way of a king. The Prophet asked whether he had not been a Rakusi taking the quarter-share, which his religion did not allow, and foretold three things: wealth overflowing, a woman travelling safely from al-Qadisiyya to the House, and the white palaces of Babylon opened; Adi embraced Islam and used to say two had come to pass and the third would. - واقعہ
بعث العلاء بن الحضرمي إلى المنذر بن ساوى وإسلامه
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 7 ھBefore the conquest of Mecca the Prophet sent al-Ala' ibn al-Hadrami to al-Mundhir ibn Sawa al-Abdi, lord of Bahrayn, who became a good Muslim; al-Ala' stayed as the Prophet's governor of Bahrayn until al-Mundhir died after the Prophet and before Bahrayn's apostasy. Later sources place it among the letters to the kings after al-Hudaybiyya. - واقعہ
إسلام حمزة بن عبد المطلب
تقریباً 616 عیسویIn late year six, Abu Jahl passed the Prophet at al-Safa and abused him while he stayed silent; a freedwoman of Abdullah ibn Jud'an told Hamza, returning from the hunt, who struck Abu Jahl with his bow and declared 'I abuse him while I follow his religion — take that if you can' — anger first, then faith settled in his heart. - واقعہ
قدوم رفاعة بن زيد الجذامي وإسلامه وكتاب النبي لقومه
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 6 ھRifa'a ibn Zayd al-Judhami, of the Dubayb, came to the Prophet during the Hudaybiyya truce before Khaybar, gave him a slave and became a good Muslim; the Prophet wrote him a letter to his people: he sent him to all his people and whoever joined them, to call them to God and His Messenger, and whoever came forward was in God's party and the Messenger's, while whoever turned away had two months' safety. His people answered and embraced Islam, then moved to Harrat al-Rajla' and settled there. - واقعہ
إسلام عمر بن الخطاب
تقریباً دسمبر 616 عیسویIn Dhu al-Hijja of year six — three days after Hamza — Umar, who had set out with his sword to kill the Prophet, was redirected by Nu'aym ibn Abdullah to his own sister's house; he heard the opening of sura Ta-Ha from Sa'id and Fatima, then went to the house of al-Arqam and declared the shahada, and the Muslims marched out in two rows and prayed openly at the Kaaba. - واقعہ
الإسراء والمعراج
تقریباً 621 عیسویThe miraculous nocturnal journey of Prophet Muhammad from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, and his ascent through the seven heavens, where the five daily prayers were ordained. ونص رحلة المعراج كاملاً عند البخاري في حديث مالك بن صعصعة. - واقعہ
استلحاق زياد بن أبيه
تقریباً 663 عیسوی · 43 ھMu'awiya annexed Ziyad ibn Abihi to his own lineage from Abu Sufyan, in year 43 or 44 — described by al-Tha'alibi and others as the first judgment in Islam that contravened the Prophet's ruling. - واقعہ
استسقاء أبي طالب بالغلام محمد
تقریباً 580 (تقریباً) عیسویA report Ibn Asakir transmits from Jalhama ibn Urfuta: arriving at Mecca in a drought he saw Quraysh ask Abu Talib to pray for rain; Abu Talib went out with a boy, set his back to the Kaaba while the boy pointed with his finger under a cloudless sky, and the clouds gathered and the valley flooded; Abu Talib's verse about the fair one by whose face rain is sought refers to this. - واقعہ
قدوم جعفر بن أبي طالب على النبي بخيبر
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 7 ھIbn Hisham, not Ibn Ishaq, transmits a report from Sufyan ibn Uyayna from al-Ajlah from al-Sha'bi: Ja'far ibn Abi Talib arrived to the Prophet on the day Khaybar fell; the Prophet kissed him between the eyes and embraced him, saying he did not know which gave him more joy — the conquest of Khaybar or the arrival of Ja'far. - واقعہ
نفر من الجن يستمعون القرآن بوادي نخلة
تقریباً 619 عیسویWhile the Prophet stayed at Wadi Nakhla on his way back from al-Taif, a company of jinn listened to the Qur'an without his knowing of their presence until God informed him; they believed and returned to warn their people. - واقعہ
خروج النبي إلى الطائف
تقریباً مئی 619 عیسویThe Prophet Muhammad's journey on foot with Zayd ibn Haritha to al-Ta'if in Shawwal of the tenth year of prophethood, seeking support from Thaqif, their rejection, the incident of Addas in the orchard, and the encounter with the Jinn at Nakhla on return. - واقعہ
قتل جفينة العبادي وابنيه
Jufayna al-'Ibadi, a Christian of al-Hira and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas's freedman — Ubaydallah ibn Umar accused him of abetting Abu Lu'lu'a in his father's killing, and killed him and his two sons. - واقعہ
حروب الجنيد بالسند
Al-Junayd came to Daybul and the eastern bank; Jaysha, refusing him, sent 'I have converted, the righteous man gave me my lands — I trust you not'. Hostages were exchanged for his country's kharaj, then returned as his people apostatized and fought — some say he never fought but al-Junayd wronged him. Gathering hosts and ships from Hind, he met al-Junayd's fleet at Batiha al-Sharqi, was taken captive, ship fleeing, and killed; Sasa ibn Dahir, fleeing to Iraq to charge al-Junayd's treachery, was cozened into a handclasp and slain. Breached al-Kiraj fell to his battering rams, walls cracked, stormed; agents went to Marmad, al-Mandal, Dahnaj and Barus. 'Killing in panic outweighs patience' he said; his armies raided Uzayn and burned Baharmad's rabad — and al-Baylaman and al-Jarz yielded forty million at home besides his zuwwar's share, as Jarir sang his open-handedness. - واقعہ
أمان جنديسابور
Abu Musa marched on panic-struck Jundishapur; they asked aman and he truced: no killing, no captives, no hands on wealth but weapons. A band of its folk went off to al-Kalbaniyya — al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad killed them and took it; and the asawira sought aman, were granted it, and converted. - واقعہ
كعب وأبو قتادة على جدار الحائط
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھDuring the boycott Ka'b climbed the wall of his cousin Abu Qatada's garden and greeted him; he did not answer. Ka'b adjured him three times: did he know that Ka'b loved God and His Messenger? On the third Abu Qatada said: God and His Messenger know best — and Ka'b's eyes welled up. - واقعہ
تأخر كعب بن مالك عن التجهز لتبوك
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھKa'b related that he had never stayed behind from any campaign except Badr, and that he was never stronger or better provided than when he stayed behind from Tabuk: he kept putting off his preparations day after day until the army left without him. When the Prophet asked about him at Tabuk, Mu'adh ibn Jabal spoke in his defence. - واقعہ
أمان كعب بن زهير وإنشاد «بانت سعاد»
تقریباً 630 عیسوی · 8 ھWarned by his brother Bujayr after the Prophet's return from al-Ta'if, the poet Ka'b ibn Zuhayr came to Medina, announced himself in the mosque, was spared despite an Ansari's request to strike his neck, and recited his apology-ode Banat Su'ad before the Prophet. - واقعہ
كعب يعرض ماله وينذر الصدق
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھKa'b told the Prophet that part of his repentance was to give up his wealth in charity; the Prophet said: keep some of your wealth, it is better for you, so Ka'b kept his share of Khaybar and vowed to speak nothing but the truth as long as he lived, counting his truthfulness to the Prophet the greatest blessing after Islam. - واقعہ
كعب يصدق النبي القول
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھWhen news of the Prophet's return from Tabuk reached Ka'b he resolved on honesty. When he greeted the Prophet in the mosque and was asked why he had stayed behind, he admitted he had no excuse; the Prophet said: you have told the truth — rise until God decides your case. Men of Banu Salima followed him out, blaming him. - واقعہ
فتح كابل وإسلام ملكها في أيام المأمون
The Mahdi's and Rashid's agents took Sijistan's atawa from Rutbil as strength allowed, posting their own men over the marches Islam had lost. Under al-Ma'mun at Khurasan the atawa came doubled, Kabul was opened, its king showed Islam and obedience, the governor's agent entered, the post-road was joined, and fresh myrobalan was sent him from it — and the land held steady for a time. - واقعہ
نكث أهل كابل ومقتل يزيد بن زياد
Kabul's folk broke and captured Abu Ubayda ibn Ziyad; Yazid ibn Ziyad marched on them at Junza and fell with many of his men — among the slain Zayd ibn Abdallah ibn Abi Mulayka al-Qurashi and Sila ibn Ashyam Abu al-Sahba' al-Adawi, husband of Mu'adha al-Adawiyya. Salm ibn Ziyad sent Talha ibn Abdallah ibn Khalaf al-Khuza'i — Talhat al-Talhat — who ransomed Abu Ubayda for five hundred thousand dirhams, then governed Sijistan for Salm, levying and rewarding his followers until he died there; a Yashkuri deputy was expelled by the Mudaris, factionalism broke out, each tribe seized its own town — and Rutbil took hope. - واقعہ
إذعان كابل شاه للمأمون
Al-Ma'mun loosed the troops on Sughd, Ushrusana and Farghana's breachers with incessant raids and daw'a letters; a force sent to Kabul Shah drew his tribute and submission — and the post-road ran till green myrobalan reached the caliph as fresh fruit. - واقعہ
واقعة القيروان
1348 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 748 ھThe greatest battle of the Marinid era: the Arabs of Ifriqiya — sons of Mihhal, the Ka'ub and Banu Sulaym — rose against Abu al-Hasan's army and set over themselves Ahmad ibn Hamza back from Alexandria; the sultan marched in the hajj days of 748 and routed them at the defile below Kairouan, but they regathered, turned and hemmed him in the city, broke his ranks and plundered his camp, while he escaped to Susa and sailed for Tunis as the Arabs with Ibn Abi Dabbus laid siege to the capital — until he abandoned Ifriqiya for the Maghreb, his son Abu Inan having seized the throne in his absence. - واقعہ
خلاف الكنز بالصعيد
تقریباً اگست 1174 عیسوی · تقریباً محرم 570 ھEarly 570 (1174): Kanz rose in Upper Egypt, drawing crowds of locals, Sudanese and Arabs and killing a Salahiyya amir — brother of Abu al-Hayja 'the Fat'; Abu al-Hayja marched on him with a Saladin detachment, stormed Tud, then caught and killed Kanz and his Arabs, and the country was quiet after him. - واقعہ
شأن كاوس ملك أشروسنة ووقعة القهرمان
Kawus of Ushrusana bought peace from al-Fadl ibn Sahl, then broke it once al-Ma'mun reached Baghdad. His favored qahrman — married into al-Fadl ibn Kawus's line — exalted al-Fadl while demeaning Haydar ibn Kawus, al-Afshin-to-be, who leapt on him and killed him at the city gate, then fled to Hashim ibn Mahwayh al-Khuttali for intercession. Hearing worse from home, Haydar showed Islam, came to Baghdad, made Ushrusana's conquest sound easy to al-Ma'mun, and showed him a short road. - واقعہ
ملك كيخسرو بلاد الروم من ابن أخيه
مارچ 1204 عیسوی · رجب 600 ھRajab 600: Ghiyath al-Din Kaykhusraw's astonishing restoration — the exile who had been snubbed at Aleppo, pensioned in Constantinople and married to a patrician's daughter before the Frankish sack, was called back by the Oghuz Turks on his brother's death, routed before Konya — until the people of Aksaray rose crying his name and Konya followed: 'in one hour God gathered the whole kingdom for him'. - واقعہ
بعث خالد إلى أكيدر دومة
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھThe Prophet summoned Khalid ibn al-Walid and sent him to Ukaydir ibn Abd al-Malik al-Kindi, the Christian king of Duma, telling him he would find him hunting wild cows. Khalid set out, and on a moonlit night Ukaydir came out when the cows rubbed their horns against his palace gate; the Prophet's cavalry met him, captured him and killed his brother Hassan. Khalid took his brocade gown laced with gold and sent it to the Prophet. - واقعہ
وقعة الخندمة
جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھA sharp clash on the heights of al-Khandama where armed resisters from Quraysh and Banu Bakr under Safwan ibn Umayya, Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl, and Suhayl ibn Amr attempted to bar Khalid ibn al-Walid's entry; the resistance was quickly routed, leaving twelve to thirteen Meccan fighters dead, while Kurz ibn Jabir, Khunays ibn Khalid, and Salama ibn al-Mayla' fell on the Muslim side. - واقعہ
مقتل ابن الأنوع وخطبة النبي في حرمة مكة
جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھAfter the general safety was proclaimed, Khirash ibn Umayya ambushed and killed Ibn al-Anwa' al-Hudhali to settle an old blood dispute; the Prophet strongly condemned the murder, paid the full wergild from his own funds, and the next day delivered a decisive sermon proclaiming the perpetual inviolability of Mecca's blood, trees, and game. - واقعہ
خبر الخرّيت بن راشد وبني ناجية
658 عیسوی · 38 ھThe Najid Khariji who walked out on Ali after Nahrawan — 'your man's imamate and your conduct alike displease me; I side with those who call for shura'. His night-battle with Ziyad ibn Khasafa bent swords and hamstrung horses; he drew the Banu Najiya and Ahwazi tax-resisters around him until Ma'qil ibn Qays's four-thousand-man expedition demanded 'ten for every one of them'. - واقعہ
خراسان في خلافة علي
Mahwiya, marzban of Marw, came to Ali in his caliphate at Kufa; Ali wrote the dahqans, asawira and dahshalarin to render him the jizya — whereupon Khurasan broke away. Ali sent Ja'da ibn Hubayra al-Makhzumi, his mother Umm Hani' bint Abi Talib, who could not recover it; Khurasan never wore cloth again till Ali's death. Abu Ubayda: Ali's first agent was Abd al-Rahman ibn Abra, Khuza'a's mawla, then Ja'da. - واقعہ
استغاثة خزاعة بالنبي
629 عیسوی · 8 ھAfter al-Watir, Amr ibn Salim al-Khuza'i stood before the Prophet in the Medina mosque and recited his plea invoking the pact of the fathers — 'and that was what stirred the conquest of Mecca' — then Budayl ibn Warqa' arrived with Khuza'i men reporting Quraysh's backing of Bakr. - واقعہ
القتال بين بني بكر وخزاعة على الوتير
629 عیسوی · 8 ھA night raid by Banu al-Dil of Banu Bakr — secretly armed and joined by men of Quraysh — on Khuza'a at their watering place al-Watir in lower Mecca. The breach of the Hudaybiyya truce it caused is the spark the tradition gives for the conquest of Mecca. - واقعہ
استدعاء ملك خوارزم قتيبة على أخيه
Khwarizm's king, weak, with his brother Khurrazad risen strong against him, sent Qutayba an offer: so much money and the keys, if Qutayba would make him king over his lands instead. Khwarizm is three cities ringed by Fariqin, Madinat al-Fil the strongest — Ali ibn Mujahid says Madinat al-Fil is Samarqand — where the king took his seat and sent on the money. - واقعہ
تدبير قتيبة أمر خوارزم
Qutayba sent his brother Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim against Khurrazad — killed, with four thousand prisoners slain — and restored the first king on the agreed terms; his own people, calling him weak, killed him, whereupon Qutayba gave Khwarizm to his brother Ubaydallah ibn Muslim. - واقعہ
غزوة سالم بن عمير لقتل أبي عفك
تقریباً 625 عیسوی · تقریباً 3 ھIbn Ishaq relates that Abu Afak, of Banu Amr ibn Awf and then of Banu Ubayda, showed his hypocrisy openly when al-Harith ibn Suwayd ibn al-Samit was killed, and composed verses reviling a rider who had split the sons of Qayla and broken their unity; the Prophet said: who will deal with this wretch for me? and Salim ibn Umayr, one of the Weepers, went out and killed him; Umama al-Muzayriyya spoke two verses on it. - واقعہ
قتل أحمد بن نصر الخزاعي
تقریباً 846 عیسوی · 231 ھIn 231 al-Wathiq killed Ahmad ibn Nasr al-Khuza'i, a hadith man devoted to commanding right. Brought shackled from Baghdad to Samarra, he refused createdness, transmitted the vision hadith — 'you lie?' — 'you lie!' — and the Mu'tazili jurists ruled his blood lawful. Al-Wathiq struck his neck himself upon the nat'a, his head was crucified at Baghdad and his body at Sur man Ra'a for six years until al-Mutawakkil buried him; a note in its ear named him and his charge, and the appointed watchman swore he saw the head turn to the qibla and recite Ya-Sin. - واقعہ
مقتل الوليد بن يزيد
تقریباً 744 عیسوی · 126 ھYazid ibn al-Walid 'al-Naqis' rose for the caliphate, killed his cousin al-Walid ibn Yazid and took power, then mounted the pulpit: 'I did not rise in arrogance or pride or greed for the world or desire for kingship, but in anger for God and His religion, calling to His Book and His Prophet's sunna, when the landmarks of guidance were effaced, the light of the godfearing extinguished, and the tyrant who profanes sanctity appeared'. - واقعہ
غزوة عبد الله بن رواحة إلى خيبر ومقتل اليسير بن رزام
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 6 ھAl-Yasir ibn Rizam, also given as Ibn Razim, was at Khaybar gathering Ghatafan to attack the Prophet, who sent Abdullah ibn Rawaha with a party including Abdullah ibn Unays; they persuaded him that the Prophet would appoint and honour him, and he set out with them with a group of Jews. At al-Qarqara, six miles from Khaybar, he repented; Ibn Unays saw him reaching for the sword, struck him and cut off his leg, al-Yasir hit him on the head with a staff of shawhat wood, and each Muslim killed his Jewish companion except one who fled; the Prophet spat on Ibn Unays's wound and it did not fester. - واقعہ
قتل عمرو بن سعيد الأشدق
تقریباً 690 عیسوی · 70 ھMarwan ibn al-Hakam had made Amr ibn Sa'id ibn al-As heir after his son; Abd al-Malik killed him — in Ibn al-Kalbi's reckoning the first treachery (ghadr) in Islam — mourned in the verse 'they have slain Amr and not done right'. - واقعہ
غزوة عمير بن عدي الخطمي لقتل عصماء بنت مروان
تقریباً 625 عیسوی · تقریباً 3 ھIbn Ishaq relates from Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn al-Fudayl from his father that Asma' bint Marwan, of Banu Umayya ibn Zayd and married to Yazid ibn Zayd of Banu Khatma, showed hypocrisy after Abu Afak's killing and composed verses reviling Islam and its people and inciting against the Prophet, which Hassan ibn Thabit answered; when it reached the Prophet he said 'is there no one to deal with the daughter of Marwan for me?' Umayr ibn Adi al-Khatmi heard him, went to her house that night and killed her, and the Prophet told him 'you have helped God and His Messenger, Umayr', and that no two goats would butt heads over her. Ibn Ishaq says that day was the first on which Islam became strong among Banu Khatma. - واقعہ
قتل أيتغمش صاحب همذان
جون 1213 عیسوی · محرم 610 ھMuharram 610: the caliph's restored client Ayatghamish was betrayed on the road to Hamadan — Sulayman ibn Tarjam, displaced as amir of the Aywaniyya Turkmens, sold his position to Mangli, whose men took and killed him and carried his head to their master; al-Nasir's angry rebuke met only a harsh answer from Mangli now master of the Jibal. - واقعہ
مقتل كعب بن الأشرف
تقریباً ستمبر 624 عیسوی · 14 ربیع الاول 3 ھThe assassination of the Jewish poet Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf in Rabi' al-Awwal 3 AH by a band led by Muhammad ibn Maslama, after he incited Quraysh to war and satirized Muslim women. - واقعہ
غزوة عبد الله بن أنيس لقتل خالد بن سفيان بن نبيح الهذلي
تقریباً 625 عیسوی · تقریباً 4 ھNews reached the Prophet that Ibn Sufyan ibn Nubayh al-Hudhali was gathering men at Nakhla or Urana to attack him; he summoned Abdullah ibn Unays and ordered him to go and kill him, giving as the sign that he would shiver on seeing him. Ibn Unays went girded with his sword, found him with women in litters seeking a camping place at the afternoon hour, prayed by nodding his head as he walked toward him, told him he was an Arab who had heard of his gathering and come for it, walked with him until he could and struck him dead with the sword, leaving the women bent over him. On his return the Prophet said 'the face has prospered' and gave him a staff as a sign between them on the Day of Resurrection. Ibn Ishaq has it from Muhammad ibn Ja'far ibn al-Zubayr from Ibn Unays. - واقعہ
قتل مالك بن نويرة
تقریباً 632 عیسوی · تقریباً 11 ھIn al-Baladhuri: after Buzakha Khalid ibn al-Walid marched on those of Banu Tamim at al-Butah and al-Ba'udha, fought them, scattered their gathering and killed Malik ibn Nuwayra, Mutammim ibn Nuwayra's brother — Malik having been the Prophet's agent over the alms of Banu Hanzala, who on the Prophet's death released what dues were in his hands saying 'see to your own wealth, Banu Hanzala'; some report Khalid met no one at al-Butah and al-Ba'udha but sent squadrons among Banu Tamim, one under Dirar ibn al-Azwar al-Asadi, who fought and captured Malik with a group, brought them to Khalid, who ordered their necks struck, Dirar himself taking Malik's; Malik is said to have told Khalid 'by God I did not apostatize', and Abu Qatada al-Ansari testified Banu Hanzala had laid down their arms and called the adhan — whereupon Umar told Abu Bakr 'you sent a man who kills Muslims and tortures with fire'; Mutammim ibn Nuwayra is reported coming to Umar, who asked of his grief for his brother — 'I wept for him a year until my failing eye aided my sound one, and I saw no fire but I nearly perished with sorrow for him, for he used to keep his fire lit till morning lest a guest come and not know its place' — then described him riding the strong horse leading the thirsty camel between two brimming water-skins on the cold night, a cloak on him, bearing a pliant spear, his face a moon's cleft; he recited his elegy beginning 'we were like Jadhima's two drinking-companions for an age until it was said they would never be split', and Umar said 'had I been good at verse I would have elegized my brother Zayd', to which Mutammim answered 'not equal, commander of the faithful — had my brother fallen where yours fell I would not have wept him', and Umar said 'no one has consoled me better than you consoled me'. - واقعہ
مقتل معن بن زائدة
Fearing winter's onset Ma'n withdrew to Bust; Kharijites who resented his rule slipped among the builders at his house, hid their swords in reed bundles at roofing-time, and entered his dome while he was being cupped — they butchered him, one splitting his belly with a dagger, Abu al-Ghulam al-Taqi striking his head. Yazid ibn Mazyad killed every one of them, then held Sijistan, bearing hard on its Arabs and Ajam until forged letters to al-Mansur — that the Mahdi's letters confused him — brought his dismissal, imprisonment and confiscation. Later released, he lay hidden in Madinat al-Salam until Kharijites met him on the bridge and he fought them; then he rose to Yusuf al-Barm in Khurasan. - واقعہ
مقتل مسلم بن عقيل بالكوفة
ذوالحجہ 60 ھ - واقعہ
مقتل المتنبي
ستمبر 965 عیسوی · رمضان 354 ھ354: al-Mutanabbi, returning from Adud al-Dawla's court laden with gifts, was ambushed by Banu Dabba near al-Nu'maniyya on the Tigris. Three accounts of the motive — robbery, or the insult 'Sayf al-Dawla gave by nature; this was a strained gift'. An eyewitness: his son killed, he turned to flee until a servant quoted his own verse back at him — 'where is your line: the horses, the night and the desert know me?' — 'You have killed me', he said, 'by God I shall not be beaten today', wheeled back, slew their leader and died under the spears; his killer was Fatik ibn Abi al-Jahl al-Asadi. - واقعہ
قتل شهاب الدين الغوري
تقریباً مارچ 1206 عیسوی · شعبان 602 ھ - واقعہ
فتح كرمان
Uthman ibn Abi al-As met Kirman's marzban at Abr Kawan by night and killed him — Kirman weakened and hearts dismayed. Ibn Amir sent Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud after Yazdgard to Bimand, where his army perished; left in charge when Ibn Amir marched for Khurasan, Mujashi' took Bimand by force — sparing its folk on aman; his Qasr Mujashi' stands there — took Burukharwa, then al-Shirjan, Kirman's chief city: days of siege, a horse-sally, taken by storm, a man left behind and many of its people exiled. Abu Musa had earlier sent al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad round al-Shirjan, trucing Bamm and the Andaghar — betrayed, Mujashi' retook them, took Jirraft by force, and rode Kirman till it was tamed. - واقعہ
ثورة بني كوكر على الغوريين
1206 عیسوی · 602 ھOn the false rumour of Shihab al-Din's death at the Qara Khitai rout, the Khokhar tribes of the Lahore–Multan hills — once his tributaries — rose, cut the road to Ghazna and seized a great caravan; Daniel of Jabal al-Judi apostatised and joined them. When the sultan's envoy — his own mamluk Aybak — demanded their submission, Ibn Kukar's answer was a challenge: 'why did the sultan not send to us himself?'. - واقعہ
الخطبة الأخيرة على المنبر
تقریباً 25 مئی 632 عیسوی · 7 ربیع الاول 11 ھFive days before his death the Prophet, head bandaged, sat on the minbar and warned against taking graves as places of worship, offered himself to retaliation for any wrong, counselled generosity toward the Ansar 'accept from their well-doer and overlook their wrongdoer', spoke of a servant who chose what is with God, and ordered every door into the mosque shut except Abu Bakr's. - واقعہ
آخر وفد لقريش إلى أبي طالب
تقریباً 619 عیسویA delegation of Quraysh notables visiting Abu Talib on his sickbed to seek a compromise with Muhammad; the Prophet answered by demanding a single word: 'La ilaha illa Allah'. - واقعہ
كتاب ملوك حمير
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھAfter the return from Tabuk the kings of Himyar — al-Harith and Nu'aym sons of Abd Kulal, al-Nu'man ibn Qayl Dhu Ru'ayn and the chiefs of Hamdan and Ma'afir — sent Malik ibn Murra al-Rahawi announcing their Islam; the Prophet answered with a charter of rights and duties and dispatched a mission headed by Mu'adh ibn Jabal. - واقعہ
مكاتبة الملوك والأمراء
تقریباً مئی 628 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 6 ھIn late 6 AH (early 628 CE) following the Hudaybiyya truce, the Prophet initiated an international diplomatic initiative, sending envoys with silver-sealed letters to the major emperors, kings, and regional chiefs of the surrounding world: the Negus of Abyssinia, the Muqawqis of Egypt, Chosroes of Persia, Heraclius of Byzantium, al-Mundhir ibn Sawa of Bahrain, Hawdha ibn Ali of al-Yamama, al-Harith al-Ghassani of Damascus, and the rulers of Oman. - واقعہ
اللعان بين عويمر العجلاني وامرأته
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھAfter the return from Tabuk in 9 AH, Uwaymir al-Ajlani accused his wife before the Prophet; the Prophet administered between them the mutual oath of condemnation (li'an) prescribed in Surat al-Nur, then separated them — an early application of the li'an ruling. - واقعہ
لدُّ النبي في مرضه
تقریباً مئی 632 عیسوی · تقریباً صفر 11 ھDuring the Prophet's illness, a group of his wives and some Muslim women, among them Asma' bint Umays, gathered with al-Abbas present and agreed to dose him; al-Abbas said 'I will dose him'; they did; when he came round he asked who had done it, was told it was his uncle, and said this was a medicine brought by women from the direction of Abyssinia; his uncle said they feared pleurisy; he said that was a disease God would not bring on him, and that everyone in the house should be dosed except his uncle, so Maymuna, who was fasting, was dosed as a punishment for what they had done. - واقعہ
رؤية نسطورا له في رحلة خديجة
On Khadija's Syria venture with her agent Maysara, the monk Nastura saw the cloud-shaded traveller from his cell and knew him — al-Mas'udi fixes it at four years, nine months and six days after the fourth Fijar. - واقعہ
فتح قتيبة مدينة الفيل
Qutayba took Madinat Fil — opened earlier by Umayya ibn Abdallah, then breached, and Yazid ibn al-Muhallab's assault failed — whence Ka'b al-Ashthari's verse: 'Fil gave itself to you with her own hands, and well she deserved'. - واقعہ
عصيان المهدية على الموحدين
1198 عیسوی · 594 ھThe Almohad field-commander Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim — terror of the Arabs of Ifriqiya — fell out with the vizier Abu Sa'id ibn Umar Inti over the Banu Awf captives, seized Mahdiyya, ransomed the governor for twelve thousand dinars, and allied with Ibn Ghaniya; when al-Mansur died, the new caliph Muhammad al-Nasir's sea and land armies came, Ibn Ghaniya fled to the desert, and Ibn Abd al-Karim answered the fleet: 'I obey the Commander of the Faithful Muhammad — I will only hand it to whom he sends'. - واقعہ
بناء المحفوظة والمنصورة
With Hind apostatized save Qassa's folk and no refuge left, al-Hakam ibn Awana al-Kalbi built al-Mahfuza beyond the lake — Syrian Kalbi shaykhs naming it Dimashq or Hims till one said Tadmur and drew 'God destroy you, fool — it is al-Mahfuza'. Amr ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, his trusted deputy, raided from it and built al-Mansura below the lake — the governors' seat today — while al-Hakam won back enemy holdings to general approval. Khalid marvelled: 'I gave them the Arabs' most generous youth and they rejected him — the most miserly, accepted' — and al-Hakam was killed there. At the da'wa's dawn Abu Muslim gave the frontier to Mughallis al-Abdi, who set out via Tukharistan. - واقعہ
فتنة مكة وعزل مكثر بن عيسى
تقریباً جون 1176 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 571 ھDhu al-Hijja 571: fierce war in Mecca between the Hajj's amir Tashtakin and Mecca's amir Mukaththir ibn Isa, whom the caliph had ordered deposed for his brother Dawud over the castle he had built on Abu Qubays; the pilgrims stormed the city from al-Abtah, burned houses and plundered residents and merchants, Mukaththir was besieged in his hill-fort then fled, and Dawud took the emirate — and a blue-eyed arsonist who burned an orphans' house with a naphtha flask was struck by a stone mid-throw and burned in his own fire three days. - واقعہ
استمالة المأمون وجند المعتصم لأهل ما وراء النهر
Al-Ma'mun's Khurasan agents campaigned the unsubmitted while his envoys enrolled willing Transoxanians — their kings' sons included — in the diwan, honored and raised in stipend at court. Al-Mu'tasim kept the same till most of his army's standing troops were Sughdians, Faraghanis, Ushrusanis and Shashis, their kings attending his gate; Islam prevailed there and they raided the Turks beyond them. Abdallah ibn Tahir's son Tahir opened lands of al-Fuziyya none had reached before; and Ibn Ayyash holds Qutayba settled Arabs beyond the river as far as Farghana and al-Shash. - واقعہ
نقش معن بن زائدة على خاتم الخلافة
Ma'n ibn Za'ida engraved on the caliphal seal and took money from Kufa's kharaj. Umar's order to al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba: 'obey my messenger in him' — and before the seated assembly the messenger had a jami'a put on his neck and dragged hard, then jailed him in the reed-prison. Ma'n sent home for his she-camel, his jariya and his Qutwani abaya, rode out by night, lay hid till the search died, and came to Umar waking the tahajjud-men for dawn prayer — 'I come repentant' — 'You?!' After the prayer Umar put it to the assembly: 'cut his hand', said one; 'crucify him', said another; Ali said 'a man lied a lie — his punishment is in his skin', so Umar flogged him hard and jailed him. A Qurashi friend begged his release — 'you reminded me of the stabbing: bring Ma'n' — beaten again and returned to jail, till he told every friend 'do not mention me to the Commander'. Later Umar remembered, shared with him, and let him go. - واقعہ
حملة معن بن زائدة على رتبيل
Al-Mansur gave Sijistan to Ma'n ibn Za'ida al-Shaybani, who demanded of Rutbil the atawa al-Hajjaj had settled; Rutbil sent camels, Turkish tents and slaves, doubled in value — which enraged Ma'n. With Yazid ibn Mazyad on the van he marched on Rukhkhaj; Rutbil had left to summer in Zabulistan, which Ma'n took with mass captives, among them the boy Faraj al-Rukhkhaji — who told how a cloud of dust raised by wild asses' hooves looked to Ma'n like an army coming to wrest the captives, so he put them to the sword until he saw the donkeys and stopped; 'I saw my father bent over me saying: kill me, not my son'. The captives ran near thirty thousand. Mawand, Rutbil's deputy, sought aman to be borne to the Commander of the Faithful — sent to Baghdad with five thousand of their fighters, honored by al-Mansur, granted stipend and command. - واقعہ
قتل منكلي صاحب بلاد الجبل
ستمبر 1215 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 612 ھJumada I 612: Mangli — master of Hamadan, Isfahan and Rayy — fell to the coalition al-Nasir built around his killer's ambition: Uzbek of Azerbaijan, the Ismaili Jalal al-Din of the castles, and the grand army under Kukburi of Irbil with Mosul, Jazira and Aleppo contingents. Trapped in the mountains he had the caliphal army near starvation — then gambled on a downhill charge, won the first day over Uzbek, lost the second, fled and was killed; his mamluk Aghlamish inherited the kingdoms. - واقعہ
مقتل مغلس وغلب موسى بن كعب السند
Mughallis al-Abdi reached Mansur ibn Jawhur al-Kalbi and was killed with his army; Abu Muslim then sent Musa ibn Ka'b al-Tamimi, who met Mansur across the Mihran, routed him and slew his brother Mundhir — Mansur fled broken to die of thirst in the sands. Musa governed Sind, repaired al-Mansura, enlarged its mosque, and raided on. - واقعہ
سيرة ابن سمرة إلى كابل
Mu'awiya's appointment of Ibn Amir over Basra sent Ibn Samura back to Sijistan — Abbad ibn al-Husayn al-Habati over his shurta, and with him the ashraf Umar ibn Ubaydallah ibn Ma'mar, Abdullah ibn Khazim, Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a and al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra — reconquering town after town whose folk had apostatized, by force or sulh, until Kabul. Months of siege and mangonels opened a great breach; Abbad spent the night spearing the polytheists so they could not close it — al-Hasan: 'I never thought one man could stand for a thousand until I saw Abbad ibn al-Husayn'. At dawn the foe sallied; Ibn Khazim hamstrung their elephant which fell blocking the gate so they could not shut it — Abu Mikhnaf says it was al-Muhallab — and the Muslims entered by force. Victory-dispatch went with Umar ibn Ubaydallah and al-Muhallab; then Ibn Samura crossed Wadi Nasl, took Khawash and Quzan by force, Wazan whose folk fled, Khushak by sulh, al-Akhj by fighting, Zabulistan broken with captives, and Kabul again. - واقعہ
نزاع المرغاب
The Marghab tract — eight thousand jarib — was Hilal ibn Ahwaz al-Mazini's grant from Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik; Bashir ibn Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra dug its canals by force, named it Marghab Marw and claimed 'this qati'a is mine'. Humayri ibn Hilal sued; Bashir had already complained to Khalid ibn Abdallah al-Qasri and won, so Khalid wrote Malik ibn al-Mundhir ibn al-Jarud on Basra's police: 'leave Bashir alone with the Marghab and its land' — while Amr ibn Yazid al-Usaydi sided with Humayri. - واقعہ
دخول أبي الحسن المريني إفريقية
اگست 1347 عیسوی · جمادی الثانی 748 ھThe sultan Abu al-Hasan al-Marini marched in Safar 748 dragging the world behind him when news came of Sultan Abu Bakr al-Hafsi's and his heir's deaths; the lords of Ifriqiya's marches met him at Oran bearing homage in desire and awe, and he entered the capital in ceremony in Jumada II, the voices hushed and the commons stilled; Bejaia and Constantine submitted, their Hafsid princes pensioned off to the Maghreb, while the fugitive amir Abu Hafs was hunted down in the Hama country, slaughtered, and his head sent on. - واقعہ
زواج فاطمة وعلي
تقریباً 624 عیسوی · 2 ھThe Prophet's daughter Fatima married his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib in Medina, from which the Prophet's line of descendants continued. - واقعہ
زواج المأمون ببوران
تقریباً 825 عیسوی · 210 ھIn year 210 al-Ma'mun married Buran bint al-Hasan ibn Sahl; her trousseau ran to forty jewelled girdles and ten chests of pearls and rubies. Her father gave the commanders their khil'a robes, feasted them seventeen days, scattered slips bearing names of his estates among the generals and Abbasids — whoever drew one took the property — and strewn a trayful of gems before al-Ma'mun as she was presented to him. - واقعہ
زواج النبي من خديجة
تقریباً 595 عیسویThe marriage of Muhammad and Khadija bint Khuwaylid, arranged after her trade trip under his management to Syria; the book gives her dowry as twenty young camels and her age as forty, and notes she remained his only wife until she died. - واقعہ
زواج النبي من سودة بنت زمعة
تقریباً 619 عیسویThe marriage of Prophet Muhammad to Sawda bint Zam'a in Shawwal of the tenth year of prophethood, his first marriage after the death of Khadija. - واقعہ
زواج النبي بزينب بنت جحش
تقریباً ذوالقعدہ 5 ھThe Prophet married Zaynab bint Jahsh after Zayd ibn Haritha divorced her, in Dhu al-Qa'da 5 AH, abolishing by act the jahili adoption rule that had treated an adopted son's wife as a real son's wife; verses of sura al-Ahzab were revealed about it and the hypocrites spread propaganda around it. - واقعہ
استشهاد فروة بن عمرو الجذامي
تقریباً 630 عیسوی · 8 ھFarwa ibn Amr al-Judhami, a Byzantine commander over the neighbouring Arabs at Ma'an, embraced Islam after Mu'ta and sent the Prophet a gift; the Byzantines imprisoned him, offered him apostasy or death, and crucified and beheaded him at the spring of Afra' in Palestine. - واقعہ
خلافة مروان بن الحكم
تقریباً 684 عیسوی · 64 ھAfter Mu'awiya II's death Marwan ibn al-Hakam rose and mastered Syria then Egypt until he died in 65, having willed the succession to his son Abd al-Malik. Al-Dhahabi judges that Marwan is not reckoned among the commanders of the faithful — he was a rebel in revolt against Ibn al-Zubayr, whose testament to his son carried no validity; Abd al-Malik's caliphate became sound only from Ibn al-Zubayr's death. - واقعہ
نبش يزيد الناقص وصلبه
تقریباً 745 عیسوی · 127 ھMarwan ibn Muhammad's first act once power was secured in mid-Safar 127 was to order al-Naqis's exhumation: he had him taken from his grave and crucified for having killed al-Walid ibn Yazid. - واقعہ
حيلة مرزوق على الأصبهبذ
When Tabaristan's people breached under al-Mansur and killed Muslims he sent Khazim ibn Khuzayma al-Tamimi and Rawh ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi — with them Marzuq Abu al-Khasib, Khazim's mawla, namesake of Kufa's Qasr al-Khasib. As the siege dragged he begged them to beat him and shave his head and beard; done, he escaped to the Ispahbadh claiming 'these two betrayed me — see what they did — I have fled to you; accept my desertion and I will show you the Arabs' weaknesses'. The Ispahbadh clothed him, rewarded him and showed trust; Marzuq wrote the generals all they needed, contrived the gate till it opened, the Muslims took the city and subdued the land. - واقعہ
أصحاب المسجد يطلبون من النبي الصلاة فيه
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھShortly before marching to Tabuk, the people of the mosque they had built came to the Prophet saying they had built it for the sick and needy and for rainy and wintry nights, and asked him to pray in it for them; he put them off until his return. - واقعہ
هلاك مصقلة بطبرستان
Mu'awiya made Masmala ibn Hubayra ibn Shabal of Tha'laba ibn Shayban governor of Tabaristan — all its people war — reinforced with ten, some say twenty, thousand; the enemy tricked him, showing dread till he drove deep into the land, then seized the narrows and rolled the mountains' rocks onto their heads — the whole army perished and Masmala with it, and the people made him a proverb: 'till Masmala returns from Tabaristan'. - واقعہ
مسح قطيعة المسروقانين
Al-Masruqanan, the Abu Bakra family's qati'a — originally a hundred jarib — was surveyed by al-Mansur's surveyors at a thousand; they confirmed a hundred in the family's hands and seized the rest. - واقعہ
مذبحة نجران (أصحاب الأخدود)
اکتوبر 523 عیسویIn October 523 the Himyarite king Dhu Nuwas, a convert to Judaism, marched on the Christians of Najran demanding they renounce their faith; on their refusal he dug the great trench and burned them — men, women, children and elders, twenty to forty thousand by report — the Ashab al-Ukhdud of Surat al-Buruj, whose blood summoned the Abyssinian occupation. - واقعہ
خروج مازيار بن قارن
225 ھAl-Ma'mun gave Mazyar ibn Qarin Tabaristan, al-Ruwayan and Dumbawand, named him Muhammad and gave him the Ispahbadh's rank; al-Mu'tasim confirmed him, then he apostatized and broke faith six years into the caliphate. Abdallah ibn Tahir sent his uncle al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn with Khurasan's men and the caliph sent Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Mus'ab; Mazyar's brother Quhyar ibn Qarin, nursing slights, was secretly theirs. The ruse: al-Hasan hides, Quhyar tells Mazyar al-Hasan offers aman at another spot — marching there, Quhyar's signal brings the ambushers out of the thickets, he seizes Mazyar's belt, they take him unharmed, no pledge — carried to Samarra in 225, flogged to death before al-Mu'tasim, crucified beside Babak at the arch by the shurta-hall; Quhyar was killed by his brother's retainers, and Tabaristan, plain and mountain, was conquered for Abdallah ibn Tahir and Tahir after him. - واقعہ
بيعة مكة للمستنصر الحفصي
تقریباً 1250 عیسوی · تقریباً 648 ھAfter the Tatars took Baghdad and erased the caliphate's rite, Mecca's sharifs Abu Numayy and Idris resolved on the bay'a to the Hafsid al-Mustansir of Ifriqiya, the Sufi jurist Ibn Sab'in dwelling by the sanctuary dictating the bay'a letter in his own hand — and Mecca preached the Hafsid name in the pilgrimage season. - واقعہ
الحرب بين أميري مكة والمدينة
1205 عیسوی · 601 ھ601: the Husaynid amirs of the two sanctuaries went to war — Qatada of Mecca marched to besiege Medina; Salim ibn Qasim prayed at the Prophet's tomb and supplicated, then met him at Dhu al-Hulayfa and routed him, chasing him into a siege inside Mecca itself — until Qatada corrupted Salim's amirs, and Salim withdrew. - واقعہ
سقوط منورقة في يد طاغية برشلونة
1286 عیسوی · 685 ھIn 685 AH the lord of Barcelona swept onto the island of Minorca with twenty thousand fighting men in his fleet, approaching as if a merchant convoy and asking leave to water, which the ruler Abu Umar ibn Hakam granted; once ashore they declared war, and three times the Muslims repulsed them with losses in the thousands while the tyrant sat back — until the third day he joined the assault, the Muslims broke into the citadel's keep, contracted safe-conduct for Ibn Hakam's family and retinue who sailed to Ceuta, and the rest submitted to the enemy's rule. - واقعہ
بعث عمرو بن حزم إلى بني الحارث بن كعب وعهد النبي إليه
تقریباً جنوری 632 عیسوی · تقریباً ذوالقعدہ 10 ھAfter the Banu al-Harith delegation left, the Prophet sent Amr ibn Hazm to teach them religion, the sunna and the landmarks of Islam and to collect their sadaqa, writing him a charge: fear of God, taking what is right, teaching the Qur'an which none may touch but the pure, gentleness in right and severity against wrong, the rites of hajj, the prayer and its times, ablution and Friday, the ban on tribal rallying-cries, the fifth of booty and the sadaqa rates, and the rule for People of the Book who convert and for those who keep their faith and pay the jizya. - واقعہ
بعث عمرو بن أمية الضمري لقتل أبي سفيان وما صنع في طريقه
تقریباً 626 عیسوی · تقریباً 4 ھIbn Hisham tells it, from a scholar he trusts, among what Ibn Ishaq did not include: after the killing of Khubayb ibn Adi and his companions the Prophet sent Amr ibn Umayya al-Damri to Mecca to kill Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, with Jabbar ibn Sakhr al-Ansari; they circled the Ka'ba at night, Amr was recognised and the two fled to a mountain and spent the night in a cave, where Amr killed a Qurayshi who came upon them; he then took down Khubayb's body from its stake and threw it into a ravine; on his way home he killed a one-eyed old man of Banu al-Dil who sang that he would never be a Muslim, killed one of two Quraysh spies and brought the other bound to Medina. - واقعہ
بعث خالد بن الوليد إلى بني الحارث بن كعب وإسلامهم وقدوم وفدهم
0631-07/0631-08 · تقریباً ربیع الثانی 10 ھIn Rabi' al-Akhir or Jumada al-Ula 10 AH the Prophet sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to Banu al-Harith ibn Ka'b at Najran with orders to invite them to Islam for three days before fighting; they converted without fighting, Khalid stayed to teach them and wrote to the Prophet, who told him to come with their delegation. He brought six of their chiefs; the Prophet asked who these men were who looked like men of India, asked four times whether they were the ones who advance when rebuked until Yazid ibn Abd al-Madan answered, told them that but for Khalid's letter he would have thrown their heads beneath their feet, and appointed Qays ibn al-Husayn over them. They returned at the end of Shawwal or the start of Dhu al-Qa'da, four months before the Prophet's death. - واقعہ
بعث معاذ بن جبل إلى اليمن ووصية النبي له
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھAfter the letter of Himyar's kings the Prophet sent Mu'adh ibn Jabal as amir of his envoys to Yemen and charged him on departure: make things easy, not hard; give good tidings, do not repel; you will come to People of the Book who will ask what the key of Paradise is, so say: the testimony that there is no god but God alone without partner. Ibn Ishaq has it from Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr, who was told it, and adds a Yemeni woman's question to Mu'adh about a husband's right over his wife. - واقعہ
توجيه جيوش الشام
تقریباً 12 اپریل 634 عیسوی · 1 محرم 13 ھIn al-Baladhuri: when Abu Bakr had finished with the apostates he resolved to direct the armies to Syria, writing to the people of Mecca, al-Ta'if, Yemen and all the Arabs of Najd and the Hijaz summoning them to jihad and stirring their desire for Byzantine spoil, and they hastened from every quarter; he bound three banners for three men — Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As, Shurahbil ibn Hasana (per al-Waqidi son of Abdullah ibn al-Mutta' al-Kindi with Hasana his mother, per al-Kalbi son of Rabi'a ibn al-Mutta' of the children of Sufa) and Amr ibn al-As al-Sahmi — the binding being on Thursday at the opening of Safar year 13, after the armies had camped at al-Jurf the whole of al-Muharram, with Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah leading their prayers; Abu Bakr had wanted to bind a banner for Abu Ubayda who begged off — some report he did bind it, which is not established — and Abu Yakhnaf records Abu Bakr telling the commanders 'if you join in battle your commander is Abu Ubayda, otherwise Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan', while Amr is said to have been only a reinforcement and commander over those joined to him; when he bound Khalid ibn Sa'id's banner Umar disliked it and spoke to Abu Bakr of deposing him — 'he is a proud man who carries his charge with contentiousness and partisanship' — so he deposed him and sent Abu Adwa' al-Dawsi to take his banner, who met him at Dhu al-Marwa and took it, and it was given to Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, who marched with his brother Mu'awiya bearing it before him — others say it was handed to him at Dhu al-Marwa and he took over Khalid's army, Khalid ibn Sa'id marching on as a volunteer in Shurahbil's army; he ordered Amr to take the Ayla road toward Filastin, Yazid the Tabuk road and Shurahbil likewise; each commander set out with three thousand men, then he kept sending reinforcements until each had seven thousand five hundred, and their total completed at twenty-four thousand; al-Waqidi reports Abu Bakr gave Amr Filastin, Shurahbil al-Urdunn and Yazid Dimashq — 'if you have fighting, your commander is the one in whose charge you stand' — and that he ordered Amr verbally to lead the people in prayer. - واقعہ
قطيعة معاوية السبخة
The marsh between the rivers was a salt-flat Mu'awiya granted one of his nephews; when the lad came to inspect it Ziyad had water released into it — 'the Commander of the Faithful granted me a waterfowl-marsh I have no use for' — so Ziyad bought it for two hundred thousand dirhams, dug its canals and parceled grants from it. - واقعہ
دعوة لا شبع الله بطنه على معاوية
Mu'awiya wrote for the Prophet in the Year of the Conquest; called to him one day while eating he delayed, and he said 'may God not fill his belly' — 'the Prophet's prayer caught me', Mu'awiya said, who ate seven meals a day, more and less. - واقعہ
تسلطن المؤيد شيخ سنة 815هـ
تقریباً 1412 عیسوی · 815 ھIn 815 Shaykh al-Mahmudi took the sultanate, titled al-Mu'ayyad and styled Abu Nasr — after al-Nasir Faraj's deposition, the caliph al-Musta'in's brief sultanate and deposition, and Faraj's killing. - واقعہ
قصة المغيرة بن شعبة وأم جميل
Al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba kept visiting Umm Jamil bint Yahjan of Hilal — wife of the Thaqafi al-Hajjaj ibn Utayk — till Abu Bakra ibn Masruh, Shibl ibn Ma'bad al-Bajali, Nafi' ibn al-Harith and Ziyad ibn Ubayda watched him enter and burst in on them naked; they testified before Umar, who told Abu Musa al-Ash'ari 'I am sending you to a town where Satan has nested' and made him governor with al-Bara' ibn Malik, Imran ibn al-Husayn and Awf ibn Wahb, recalling al-Mughira. Nafi', Shibl and Abu Bakra swore explicitly; Ziyad, fourth, said 'I saw an ugly sight and heard a high breathing — I know not whether he entered her'. Umar: 'I see the face of a man on whose word I hope no Companion is stoned' — he had the three flogged; Shibl cried 'you flog truth's witnesses?', Abu Bakra swore anew and was warned of the hadd — 'then it is a claim, your man is stoned' — and swore never to speak to Ziyad, his half-brother by Sumayya. - واقعہ
سقوط الملك المغيث صاحب الكرك
تقریباً 1263 عیسوی · تقریباً 662 ھBaybars rode to Syria and by stratagem brought down al-Mughith, lord of Karak — the last of him, for he had corresponded with Hulagu promising him Egypt and asking twenty thousand horse; when his letters were found in Egypt and read to the scholars, they ruled that one who did this might not be left alive. - واقعہ
ولاية المهلب بن أبي صفرة خراسان
Al-Hajjaj, holding Khurasan with the two Iraqs, gave it in 99h to al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra — Zalim ibn Siraq ibn Subh of the Azd, Abu Sa'id — who campaigned widely: retook the breached Khattl and Khujanda, received Sughd's atawa, raided Kish and Nasaf, and died at Zaghul of Marw al-Rudh at al-Shawsa, his illness having begun in grief for his son al-Mughira. - واقعہ
غزو المهلب ثغر الهند وتحذيف الخيل
In 44h al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra raided the Indian frontier to Banna and the marshes between Multan and Kabul; at al-Qiqan eighteen Turkish riders on docked horses fought him and died — 'why are these Ajam readier to cut short than us?' — and he trimmed his own mounts, the first Muslim to do so. - واقعہ
خروج محمد بن البعيث
Marand was a small village settled by Halbas Abu al-Ba'ith, fortified by al-Ba'ith then his son Muhammad ibn al-Ba'ith who built palaces there; Muhammad broke away in al-Mutawakkil's caliphate, and Buna al-Saghir the caliph's mawla fought him till he took him, carried him to Samarra, and razed Marand's wall and that palace — the Ba'ithids descending from Utayb ibn Amr of Asad ibn Rabi'a, or Utayb ibn Awf ibn Sinan as the Utaybis tell it. - واقعہ
تجهيز محمد بن القاسم إلى السند
Al-Hajjaj gave Muhammad ibn al-Qasim the Sind frontier — recalled from a Rayy posting — with six thousand Syrian troops and outfitting down to threads and needles, ordered to muster at Shiraz; he even steeped carded cotton in wine-vinegar, dried in the shade, against Sind's vinegar-scarcity — 'soak it, cook with it, dye with it'. Muhammad marched through Makran, took Qanirbur and Arma'il — Muhammad ibn Harun joining him and dying near it, buried at Qanbal. - واقعہ
حمل محمد بن القاسم مقيداً ومقتله بواسط
Al-Walid dead, Sulayman put Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman over Iraq's kharaj and Yazid ibn Abi Kabsha al-Saksaki over Sind; Muhammad was carried bound with Mu'awiya ibn al-Muhallab, reciting 'they wasted me — and what a youth they wasted, for the day of hardship and filling the gap'. Sind wept and painted him at al-Kiraj. Salih jailed him at Wasit — 'would that I were buried in Wasit's soil, pledged to iron, bound and shackled... had I not taken rest, mares and stallions bred for war would have been ridden; the Saksakis' horse had not entered our land, no amir of Akk over me, nor I follower of the Muzuni slave' — and tortured him among the Banu Abi Aqil till he died, avenging his brother Adam the Khariji killed by al-Hajjaj. Hazza ibn Bayd al-Hanafi praised him: 'he led armies at seventeen — how near a mastery to his birth'. Yazid ibn Abi Kabsha died eighteen days after reaching Sind. - واقعہ
ثورة المختار بن أبي عبيد بالكوفة
65 ھ - واقعہ
فتح الملتان وبيت الذهب
Across the Bayas, Multan's folk fought — Za'ida ibn Umayr al-Ta'i excelled — then shut themselves in. The Muslims ate their donkeys till a protected man showed the water-intake — the spring al-Balah fed from Basmad's river — and cut it, they yielded on terms: the fighters slain, six thousand temple sadins and offspring enslaved, and gold heaped in a ten-by-eight cubit house filled through a roof hole — whence 'Multan, Faraj Bayt al-Dhahab', the frontier of the House of Gold. Its budd drew offerings and vows; Sind's pilgrims shaved heads and beards there and claimed its idol was the prophet Ayyub. - واقعہ
فتح قصدار على يد المنذر بن الجارود
Ziyad gave Abu al-Ash'ath al-Mundhir ibn al-Jarud the frontier; he campaigned Buqan and Qiqan, spread his squadrons, took Qusdar and made captives — Sinan had first opened it before its breach and died there. Some say Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad appointed Sinan with Ibn Harri over his saraya. Buqan's folk are Muslims today, and Imran ibn Musa al-Barmaki built its city al-Bayda under al-Mu'tasim. - واقعہ
مقتل موسى بن عبد الله بن خازم
Al-Mufaddal sent Uthman ibn Mas'ud with fifteen thousand, who camped on the island still called Jazirat Uthman, pressed Musa, and summoned Tarkhun. Seeing the forces arrive, Musa left the city charging his men: 'if I am killed, yield it to Mudrik ibn al-Muhallab, never to Ibn Mas'ud'. Turks and Sughd cut him off, his horse stumbled, he mounted behind a mawla crying 'death is bitter'; Uthman marked him — 'Musa's leap, by the Lord of the Ka'ba!' — drove him down, and they surrounded and slew him and his company save Irqiya ibn al-Harfana, spared to Khalid ibn Abi Barza. Wasil ibn Taysala al-Anbari struck the final blow; the city went to Mudrik — it was the end of 85h — and the man who struck dead Musa's leg was himself killed by Qutayba. - واقعہ
استيلاء موسى بن عبد الله بن خازم على الترمذ
Musa ibn Abdallah ibn Khazim was at Tirmidh; he came to Samarqand where king Tarkhon honored him — until one of his men killed a Sughdian and he was expelled — then to Kish's lord, then back to Tirmidh the fortress. Its dahqan lodged and fed him; when Musa lay down to stay, the dahqan said 'leave', and he answered 'I know no home like this' — and fought its people. - واقعہ
حروب موسى من الترمذ
Tirmidh's dahqan and folk went to the Turks for help — refused: 'curse you, a man in a hundred comes, expels you, takes your city'. His father's old companions joined Musa; when the Turks finally aided, surrounding him, he night-attacked and took their camp — sixteen Muslims wounded. Thabit and Hurayth ibn Qutba, backed by Tarkhun's levies, became his army's real commanders — 'yours is the name, theirs the command'. Hayatila and Turks sallied and were beaten — al-Hajjaj: 'praise God who gave the hypocrites victory over the polytheists' — and Musa built two great mounds of his foes' heads. Hurayth fell to a stray arrow; the men pressed Musa against Thabit, who fled, won Tarkhun's aid, took the rabad, and besieged him in eighty thousand as Kish, Nasaf and Bukhara reinforced Musa. Yazid ibn Huzayl, sent against Ziyad al-Qasir, took a head-blow and died in seven days — Yazid himself escaped across the Saghaniyan river — and Musa's night-raid on Thabit's camp scattered the Ajam home. Khurasan's people said: never his like — two years unbeaten with his father, Tirmidh taken with a handful, its king expelled, Turks and Ajam routed. - واقعہ
ارتداد مسيلمة وادعاؤه النبوة باليمامة
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھWhen the Banu Hanifa delegation returned to al-Yamama, Musaylima apostatised and claimed prophethood, saying he had been made a partner in the matter with Muhammad and citing the Prophet's words that he was 'not the worst placed of you'. He produced rhymed sayings imitating the Qur'an, permitted wine and fornication and lifted the prayer, while still testifying that Muhammad was a prophet, and Hanifa rallied to him. Ibn Ishaq has it from a shaykh of Banu Hanifa and adds: God knows best which account is true. - واقعہ
كتاب مسيلمة إلى النبي والجواب عنه
تقریباً مارچ 632 عیسوی · تقریباً ذوالحجہ 10 ھAt the end of 10 AH Musaylima ibn Habib wrote to the Prophet: from Musaylima the messenger of God to Muhammad the messenger of God; I have been made a partner with you in the matter, half the earth is ours and half Quraysh's, but Quraysh are a people who transgress. Two envoys brought it. The Prophet asked what they themselves said; they said, as he says; he said that were envoys not immune from death he would have struck off their heads, then wrote: from Muhammad the messenger of God to Musaylima the liar, peace on whoever follows guidance; the earth is God's, He gives it to whom He wills of His servants, and the outcome is for the God-fearing. - واقعہ
تجهيز الجيش الإسلامي لأحد
مارچ 625 عیسوی · شوال 3 ھThe departure of the Muslim army of 1,000 fighters, divided into three battalions (Muhajirun, Aws, and Khazraj). - واقعہ
غزو مسلم بن سعيد فرغانة والهزيمة
Umar ibn Hubayra gave Khurasan to Muslim ibn Sa'id, who took al-Afshin's sulh on six thousand heads plus his fortress. When word came that Asad ibn Abdallah had been given Khurasan, Muslim campaigned Farghana — cut the trees and ruined the buildings — till the Khaqan descended and he fled three marches in a day, beasts collapsing under Turkish raids: 'you marched us out to disobey for fear of dismissal — this flattering world did not save you'. - واقعہ
استخبارات المدينة عن جيش أحد
مارچ 625 عیسوی · شوال 3 ھAl-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib sending a detailed message to the Prophet regarding Quraysh's army movements. - واقعہ
انهيار مسلمي صقلية بعد هلاك أبي زكريا
1249 عیسوی · 647 ھWhen word of Sultan Abu Zakariya's death in 647 AH reached Sicily — whose Muslims of Palermo had a compact to share town and suburbs with the island's lord — the Christians fell upon them; they fled to strongholds, were besieged until they surrendered, ferried across the strait and settled on the facing coast, and then the lord of Sicily passed to Malta and expelled its Muslims too. - واقعہ
ملوك العالم الإسلامي أول القرن التاسع
تقریباً 1398 عیسوی · 801 ھIbn Hajar's roll at the ninth century's dawn (801): Barquq over Egypt, Syria and the Hijaz; Bayezid ibn Uthman in Anatolia; a Rasulid over Tihama and a Zaydi imam over highland Yemen; the Marinid Abu Sa'id Uthman in the central Maghreb and Ibn al-Ahmar at its far end; Timur Gurkan in the east, Ahmad ibn Uways in Baghdad, Hasan ibn Ajlan amir of Mecca, and the Abbasid al-Mutawakkil as caliph — his title contested by the Zaydi imam and some Maghreb kings while Yemen's khatib still invoked al-Musta'sim. - واقعہ
تجهيز جيش مؤتة وتوديعه
تقریباً ستمبر 629 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 8 ھIn Jumada I of year 8 AH, the Prophet dispatched an army of three thousand to Syria, appointing three commanders in succession — Zayd ibn Haritha, then Jafar ibn Abi Talib, then Abd Allah ibn Rawaha — and the people bade farewell to the commanders at their departure. - واقعہ
توقف الجيش بمعان وخطبة ابن رواحة
تقریباً ستمبر 629 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 8 ھThe Mu'tah army camped at Ma'an in Syria; news reached them that Heraclius had encamped at Ma'ab in al-Balqa' with a hundred thousand Romans, joined by equal numbers from Lakhm, Judham, al-Qayn, Bahra' and Bali under Malik ibn Zaflah. When the men debated sending for reinforcements, Abd Allah ibn Rawaha urged them forward with a speech about the two good outcomes. - واقعہ
قيادة خالد بن الوليد وانسحاب الجيش
تقریباً ستمبر 629 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 8 ھAfter the three commanders' deaths, Thabit ibn Aqram picked up the standard and declined command; the men chose Khalid ibn al-Walid. Khalid maneuvered defensively and withdrew the army intact. Ibn Hisham cites al-Zuhri with a divergent tradition that God granted victory under Khalid. - واقعہ
استشهاد عبد الله بن رواحة بعد تردده
تقریباً ستمبر 629 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 8 ھWhen Ja'far was killed, Ibn Rawaha took the standard and hesitated; he exhorted his soul in verse then dismounted. His cousin brought him a bone of meat; he bit from it, heard the battle roar and threw it down, advancing to fight until killed. The Prophet reported seeing Ibn Rawaha's throne in Paradise tilted slightly relative to the thrones of Zayd and Ja'far because he had hesitated. - واقعہ
استشهاد جعفر بن أبي طالب وعقره فرسه
تقریباً ستمبر 629 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 8 ھAfter Zayd's death Ja'far took the standard, dismounted and hamstrung his chestnut horse — the first such act in Islam — then fought until killed. Ibn Hisham adds (from a trusted source) that he gripped the banner with his right hand (cut off), then his left (cut off), then clasped it between his arms, dying at thirty-three. Ibn Hisham also records (ويقال) that a Roman cut him in two. - واقعہ
استشهاد زيد بن حارثة قائدًا أول
تقریباً ستمبر 629 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 8 ھAt Mu'tah, Zayd ibn Haritha carried the Prophet's standard and fought until he was killed. The Prophet announced his martyrdom in Medina before news arrived, and reported seeing him raised on a golden throne in a vision. - واقعہ
حزن النبي على جعفر وأمره بإطعام أهله
تقریباً 629 عیسوی · تقریباً جمادی الاول 8 ھWhen Ja'far was killed the Prophet visited Asma' bint Umays, asked for Ja'far's children, smelled them and wept. He told her they had been struck down that day, and instructed the community not to neglect Ja'far's household and to send them food. Aisha reported that grief was visible on the Prophet's face when the news of Ja'far arrived. - واقعہ
عودة جيش مؤتة إلى المدينة وتلقي النبي لهم
تقریباً 629 عیسوی · تقریباً 8 ھWhen the army neared Medina, the Prophet and Muslims went out to meet it; boys ran ahead. The Prophet asked for Ja'far's son and carried Abd Allah ibn Ja'far on his mount. Some people threw dust and called the army 'deserters'; the Prophet replied: 'They are not deserters; they are the ones who will charge again, God willing.' Salama ibn Hisham hid at home in shame. - واقعہ
مقتل مطرف وثأر مكرم
Mus'ab made Mutarrif ibn Saydan al-Bahili his Basra police chief; he executed the highwayman al-Nabi ibn Ziyad ibn Zubyan and flogged his Tamimi partner. Transferred to al-Ahwaz, Mutarrif was met by Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad ibn Zubyan's avenging host across a river — he crossed and was stabbed dead. Mus'ab sent Mukram ibn Mutarrif on the blood-feud; he camped where Askar Mukram stands and missed him — Ibn Zubyan reached Abd al-Malik, fought at his side against Mus'ab, killed him and took his head; al-Ba'ith sang 'we spared you — the best affair is sufficiency — we gave Ibn Saydan a bitter cup'. - واقعہ
بعث موسى بن بغا إلى الديلم
253 ھIn 253 AH al-Mu'tazz sent his mawla Musa ibn Bugha al-Kabir against the Talibis risen in Daylam and the Tabaristan side, where the Daylamis had rallied to a man called al-Kawki; he raided Daylam deep into their land, fought them, struck them hard, and his burden and damage weighed heavy on them. - واقعہ
قطيعة نافع ما مشى
Ziyad told Abd al-Rahman ibn Tubba' al-Himyari, master of his land-grants, to grant Nafi' ibn al-Harith 'what he walks'; Nafi' walked till his sandal-strap broke and sat — 'enough' — 'had I known, I would have walked to Ubulla' — 'let me throw my sandal' — and he threw it as far as al-Ijana. - واقعہ
خروج محمد النفس الزكية وأخيه إبراهيم
تقریباً 762 عیسوی · 145 ھIn year 145 Muhammad and Ibrahim, sons of Abdallah ibn al-Hasan the Hasanid, rose; al-Mansur overcame and killed them with a great company of the Prophet's house. He was the first to sow strife between Abbasids and Alids — hitherto one party — and harmed scholars who joined or sanctioned the rising, killing and flogging: Abu Hanifa, Abd al-Hamid ibn Ja'far and Ibn Ajlan among them. Malik ibn Anas ruled the rising lawful: 'your bay'a was coerced, and there is no oath upon the coerced'. - واقعہ
زيارة البقيع ليلاً والاستغفار لأهلها
تقریباً مئی 632 عیسوی · صفر 11 ھOne night in the last days the Prophet went out at midnight to al-Baqi' cemetery, greeted its people, prayed forgiveness for them, foretold coming trials 'like the segments of dark night', and promised them 'we are following you'. - واقعہ
نقض صحيفة المقاطعة وخروج بني هاشم من الشعب
تقریباً 619 عیسویIn Muharram of the tenth year of the mission Hisham ibn Amr and Zuhayr ibn Abi Umayya, joined by al-Mut'im ibn Adi, Abu al-Bakhtari and Zam'a ibn al-Aswad, moved to tear up the covenant Quraysh had hung in the Kaaba; they found that termites had eaten all of it except the Name of God, and Banu Hashim left the ravine. - واقعہ
عرض الإسلام على القبائل في المواسم
تقریباً جون 619 عیسویIn Dhu al-Qa'da of the tenth year of the mission the Prophet returned to Mecca to offer Islam to the tribes and individuals at the season; among the tribes he approached Banu Kalb, Banu Hanifa and Banu Amir, none of whom accepted, while some individuals, such as Suwayd ibn al-Samit and Iyas ibn Mu'adh, later embraced it. - واقعہ
أخبار الإرهاصات في إيوان كسرى عند مولد النبي
تقریباً 571 عیسویIbn Jarir and others, as cited by Salihi, report that the Persian king's palace arch cracked, the Tigris breached its dam, and the king's soothsayers found the omens foretold a prophet from Hijaz. - واقعہ
الأمر باعتزال نساء الثلاثة
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھWhen forty nights had passed, the Prophet's messenger came to Ka'b ordering him to stay apart from his wife and not approach her, and the same was sent to his two companions. Ka'b sent his wife to her family, while Hilal ibn Umayya's wife was allowed to serve him without him approaching her. - واقعہ
فتح القسطنطينية على يد محمد الفاتح
In Arslan's commentary on Stoddard, the Ottoman siege begins under Bayezid I and resumes under Murad II before Mehmed II takes the city; the book describes three days of plunder and Friday prayer in Hagia Sophia on the fourth. - واقعہ
اقتسام مناصب مكة بين بني عبد مناف وبني عبد الدار
تقریباً 400 (تقریباً) عیسویAfter Abd Manaf's death his sons contested with their cousins of Abd al-Dar the offices Qusayy had bequeathed to Abd al-Dar; Quraysh split in two and nearly fought, then settled: the watering and feeding of pilgrims to Abd Manaf, Dar al-Nadwa, the banner and the custody of the Kaaba to Abd al-Dar; the Abd Manaf lot fell to Hashim, then al-Muttalib, then Abd al-Muttalib and his sons down to al-Abbas at the coming of Islam. - واقعہ
قصة الكتاب يوم الخميس
تقریباً 26 مئی 632 عیسوی · 8 ربیع الاول 11 ھOn the Thursday four days before his death the Prophet said 'bring me [something] to write for you a document after which you will never go astray'; Umar said pain had overcome him and the Qur'an sufficed, the people of the house disputed, and the Prophet sent them away — an episode the traditions read differently. - واقعہ
اضطهاد المستضعفين
تقریباً 613 عیسویAfter mockery and bargaining failed, a twenty-five-man committee of Quraysh's chiefs headed by Abu Lahab resolved to fight Islam and torture its adherents; the clanless and enslaved Muslims bore the worst — Bilal under the midday rocks, the family of Yasir, Sumayya the first martyr speared by Abu Jahl, Abu Fakiha, Khabbab, and slave women whom Abu Bakr bought and freed. - واقعہ
تحرير اليمن والولاية الفارسية
575 عیسویIn 575 the Yemenis under Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan, aided by Persia, expelled the Abyssinians and won independence; but Sayf’s assassination by his own Abyssinian guard ended the royal house, and Khosrow made Yemen a Persian province whose governors ruled until the last, Badhan, embraced Islam in 638. - واقعہ
طاعون عمواس
تقریباً 639 عیسوی · 18 ھIn al-Baladhuri: the plague of Amwas came in year 18 and carried off a multitude of the Muslims, among them Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah — dying commander at fifty-eight — and Mu'adh ibn Jabal of Banu Salama of the Khazraj, kunya Abu Abd al-Rahman, dying at al-Aqhwana of al-Urdunn at thirty-eight; on his deathbed Abu Ubayda had named his successor — some say Iyad ibn Ghanm al-Fihri, others that he named Amr ibn al-As who named his own son; Abdullah ibn Qays reports being among those welcoming Umar with Abu Ubayda on his coming to Syria, when the muqallisin of Adhri'at met him with swords and basil — Umar saying 'keep them off' and Abu Ubayda answering 'commander of the faithful, this is their custom, and if you bar them from it they will think you intend to break their covenant', so he said 'let them be'. - واقعہ
بيعتا العقبة
تقریباً جولائی 621 عیسویThe First and Second Pledges of Aqaba at Mina in the 12th and 13th years of prophethood (621 and 622 CE), in which delegates from Yathrib pledged allegiance to the Prophet, preparing Medina as the haven of the Hijra. - واقعہ
اجتماع دار الندوة وقرار اغتيال النبي
تقریباً 12 ستمبر 622 عیسوی · تقریباً 29 صفر 1 ھ†The fateful meeting of Quraysh's parliament in Dar al-Nadwa on Thursday 26 Safar 14 AH (12 September 622 CE) where chiefs debated expelling, imprisoning, or assassinating Muhammad, resolving on Abu Jahl's proposal to strike him simultaneously with a young warrior from each clan. - واقعہ
استعدادات قريش لغزوة أحد
مارچ 625 عیسوی · شوال 3 ھA large-scale military and financial mobilization by Quraysh to avenge their defeat at Badr. - واقعہ
نداء المأمون في أمر معاوية
212 ھThe 212 proclamation barring good mention of Mu'awiya — blamed on Mutarrif's report of his father's audience — reversed when the people found it monstrous. - واقعہ
الأذان ببراءة يوم النحر
مارچ 631 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 9 ھOn the Day of Sacrifice in 9 AH Ali ibn Abi Talib, sent after Abu Bakr by the Prophet, proclaimed the opening of Surat Bara'a (al-Tawba) at the Jamrah: treaties with the polytheists were dissolved with a four-month respite, and after that year no polytheist would perform the pilgrimage nor would anyone circle the House naked. - واقعہ
بناء المسجد النبوي
تقریباً 27 ستمبر 622 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 1 ھSoon after arriving in Medina, the Prophet and his companions built a mosque and living quarters on a plot of land, a model for later mosques. - واقعہ
مساجد النبي بين المدينة وتبوك
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھIbn Ishaq names seventeen places where the Prophet had known, named mosques between Medina and Tabuk — the first a mosque at Tabuk and the last a mosque at Dhi Khushub. - واقعہ
رجوع النبي واعتذار المتخلفين
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھThe Prophet reached Medina in the morning, began at the mosque where he prayed two rak'as and sat for the people. Those who had stayed behind came swearing oaths and making excuses — eighty-odd men by Ka'b ibn Malik's count; he accepted their outward professions and oaths, asked forgiveness for them, and left their inner thoughts to God. - واقعہ
خاتم النبي للمراسلة
Anas ibn Malik: when the Prophet meant to write to the Byzantine king he was told 'they do not read a letter unsealed', so he took a silver seal — 'as if I see its whiteness on his hand' — engraved 'Muhammad, Messenger of God'. - واقعہ
خطبة النبي للأنصار في الحظيرة بالجعرانة
فروری 630 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 8 ھAfter the Ansar felt grieved that newly reconciled Qurashi and Bedouin chieftains received large gifts while they received nothing, the Prophet gathered them in an enclosure at al-Ji'rana and delivered an impassioned, tearful address: 'Are you not pleased that people return with sheep and camels while you return with the Messenger of God to your dwellings?', moving the entire gathering to tears. - واقعہ
عمال النبي على اليمن
تقریباً 630 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھIn al-Baladhuri: when the people of Yemen accepted Islam on hearing of the Prophet's ascendancy he sent them his envoys and agents to teach Islam's laws, collect their alms and levy jizya on those remaining Christian, Jewish or Magian; per al-Waqidi he appointed Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As over San'a and its land, while others held that al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayya al-Makhzumi was appointed over San'a and died in office, others that Abu Bakr appointed him, with Khalid ibn Sa'id over the highland districts of upper Yemen — Hisham ibn al-Kalbi and al-Haytham ibn Adi giving al-Muhajir Kinda and al-Sadif; all agreed he appointed Ziyad ibn Labid al-Bayadi al-Ansari over Hadramawt, Abu Musa al-Ash'ari over Zabid, Rima', Aden and the coast, Mu'adh ibn Jabal over al-Jund with the judiciary and collection of all Yemen's alms, and Amr ibn Hazm al-Ansari over Najran — some saying Abu Sufyan ibn Harb was appointed after him; Mu'adh's letter instructed him to take the alms on wheat, barley, dates, raisins and sorghum, and when offered the awaqis of cattle and honey he said 'I was not commanded concerning this'. - واقعہ
سقوط القاضي الرفيعي سنة 641هـ
تقریباً 1243 عیسوی · 641 ھIn 641 God lifted the affliction by setting the vizier against the qadi al-Rafii — a corrupt judge of forged deeds, bribes, orphans' and waqf monies, who rode to Friday prayers drunk with ready perjured witnesses. His agents were jailed and tortured, Ibn al-Ruwas dying under it; al-Rafii was carried to Baalbek on a bare-backed mule, stood at the citadel's rim asking leave to pray two rak'as — and was kicked over by Dawud the executioner, torn apart before he reached the water. His accomplice the vizier al-Amin was strangled in Egypt in 648, his confiscated hoards reaching three million dinars. - واقعہ
استتابة القادر للمبتدعة سنة 408
1017 عیسوی · 408 ھ408: al-Qadir bi'llah made the Hanafi Mu'tazili faqihs recant — they 'showed return and disavowed i'tizal' — and bound them in writing never to teach or debate i'tizal, rafd or 'doctrines contrary to Islam' on pain of exemplary punishment; Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna emulated the decree in Khurasan with killing, crucifixion, burning, minbar-curses and expulsion of Mu'tazilis, Rafidis, Ismailis, Qarmatis, Jahmis and Mushabbihas — 'and it became a sunna in Islam'. - واقعہ
ملك قراقوش طرابلس الغرب
568 ھ568 AH: a Turkish corps out of Egypt under Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush — mamluk of Saladin's nephew Taqi al-Din Umar — joined the Nafusa-mountain amir Mas'ud ibn Zammam 'al-Balat', then in revolt against the Almohads; together they besieged Tripoli until it opened, and Qaraqush installed his household in its palace and ruled most of Ifriqiya bar Mahdiyya, Sfax, Gafsa and Tunis, amassing a treasury at Gabes and nursing designs on the whole country. - واقعہ
حملة قيس على بلخ وخراب النوبهار
With Badghis, Herat, Bushanj and Balkh still on their breach, Ibn Amir sent Qays ibn al-Haytham against Balkh — its Nawbahar was ruined by Ata ibn al-Sa'ib, Banu al-Layth's mawla called al-Khashl, who also built the 'Qanatir Ata' over three rivers a farsakh out. Balkh sued for peace and return to obedience; Qays granted it — and Ibn Amir, when he presented himself, struck him a hundred lashes and imprisoned him. Ibn Khazim, appointed next, received Herat, Bushanj and Badghis's suit for aman, truced them, and bore their money to Ibn Amir. - واقعہ
سيرة قيس بن الهيثم بطخارستان
Left in charge, Qays ibn al-Haytham marched through Tukharistan; every land truced and yielded till Siminjan resisted — he besieged and stormed it. It is said Ibn Amir divided Khurasan among three: al-Ahnaf ibn Qays, Hatim ibn al-Nu'man al-Bahili and Qays ibn al-Haytham, the first the most established. - واقعہ
الإقامة بقباء
23 ستمبر 622 عیسوی · 8 ربیع الاول 1 ھThe Prophet's stay at Quba from Monday 8 Rabi' I 1 AH: hosted by Kulthum ibn al-Hidm, he founded the mosque of Quba — the first mosque 'upon taqwa' — before riding to Medina on Friday; the length of the stay is debated (four days per Ibn Ishaq, up to 24 nights in Bukhari). - واقعہ
وفادة قريش إلى النجاشي
تقریباً 616 عیسویQuraysh sent Amr ibn al-As and Abdullah ibn Abi Rabi'a with gifts to the Negus to demand the return of the Muslim emigrants; he heard Ja'far ibn Abi Talib recite the opening of Maryam, refused to surrender them and returned the gifts. - واقعہ
كتاب قريش إلى عبد الله بن أبي بعد الهجرة
تقریباً اکتوبر 622 عیسوی · تقریباً ربیع الثانی 1 ھ†Quraysh wrote to Abdullah ibn Ubayy and the pagans with him threatening war or the expulsion of the Prophet; Ibn Ubayy gathered to fight him, but when the Prophet came out to them they dispersed and he refrained from fighting. - واقعہ
تمويل جيش أحد
مارچ 625 عیسوی · شوال 3 ھThe sale of a thousand camels by Quraysh to raise fifty thousand dinars to fund their war against Muslims. - واقعہ
كتبة قريش وأهل بيت النبي
Abu Bakr ibn Abdallah ibn Abi Jahm al-'Adawi counted the literate of Quraysh when Islam came — seventeen men: Umar, Ali, Uthman, Abu Ubayda, Talha, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, Abu Hudhayfa ibn 'Utba, Hatib ibn 'Amr, Abu Salama ibn Abd al-Asad, Aban ibn Sa'id and his brother Khalid ibn Sa'id, Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh, Huwaytib ibn Abd al-'Uzza, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Mu'awiya, Juhm ibn al-Salt — and of Quraysh's allies al-A'la' ibn al-Hadrami. Al-Shifa' bint Abdallah, a Jahiliya scribe, was told 'teach Hafsa the ant-charm as you taught her writing'; Hafsa wrote, Umm Kulthum bint 'Uqba wrote, A'isha bint Sa'd said 'my father taught me', Karima bint al-Miqdad wrote — while A'isha and Umm Salama read the mushaf but did not write. First to write for the Prophet at Medina was Ubayy ibn Ka'b, and when absent Zayd ibn Thabit — both wrote revelation and correspondence before him; first Qurashi scribe was Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh, who then apostatized to Mecca having altered the dictation, and in his case al-An'am's verse came down on the one who claims to bring the like of the revelation. - واقعہ
تهديد قريش لأبي طالب ومقايضة عمارة
تقریباً 616 عیسویQuraysh's notables threatened Abu Talib with open war, then offered him Umara ibn al-Walid in exchange for his nephew's death; Abu Talib refused, and the Prophet told him he would not give up the matter even if the sun were placed in his right hand and the moon in his left. - واقعہ
استيلاء قصي بن كلاب على مكة
440 عیسویAround 440 CE Qusayy wrests the custody of the Kaaba and the rule of Mecca from Khuzaʾa — by alliance and, in one account, purchase from Abu Ghubshan — the two sides fight, then accept the arbitration of Yaʾmar ibn Awf who rules for Qusayy; Qusayy then gathers Quraysh into Mecca’s quarters, founds Dar al-Nadwa, and assumes the five offices of Meccan leadership. - واقعہ
وفاة قثم بن العباس بسمرقند
Qutham ibn al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib died with Sa'id's army at Samarqand — some say martyred; hearing it, Ibn Abbas said 'what a distance between his birthplace and his grave' and turned to prayer, citing the verse on seeking help in patience and prayer. Earlier, offered five booty-shares by Sa'id at Khurasan, Qutham had asked only for one share for himself and one for his horse. - واقعہ
فتوح قتيبة بيكند وبخارا وقتل نيزك
In 87h Qutayba marched on Baykand with Nizak, crossing from Zamm — nearest of Bukhara's towns to the river — and when they betrayed and summoned Sughd he fought, raided and besieged till they sued: he took it by force. In 88h he campaigned Tumushkat and Karminiya, leaving brother Bashshar over Marw, then Bukhara, opened on sulh — Abu Ubayda's telling: they warded him till he begged 'let me enter and pray two rak'as', admitted, his hidden men overwhelmed the gate, he took great wealth and betrayed its folk. He struck the Sughd, killed Nizak in Tukharistan and crucified him, and opened Kish and Nasaf — Nakhshab — by sulh. - واقعہ
مقتل قتيبة بن مسلم
Khurasan held forty thousand Basran fighters, seven thousand Kufans, seven thousand mawali. Waki' feigned sickness, shins painted with ochre, sending 'I cannot stir'; those sent to fetch him slipped to his side. He called for spear and his son's-mother's veil as banner — 'Idris, Iblis' messenger, met him: Qutayba swore by God he would not come till he brought his head — and closed on the fustat. Salih called for his bow — 'not a bow day' — a Dabbi's arrow struck Qutayba's throat, he was dragged in and finished; Hayyan called the Ajam to Tamim's side; the tent-cords were cut and the faza's pole fell on his skull. Abdallah ibn Alwan took the head — Hisham ibn al-Kalbi says Jahm ibn Zahr al-Jumhi killed him and Sa'd ibn Majd struck him — brothers, household, the deaf umm-walad died with him; Dirar ibn Muslim alone Tamim spared. The Azd took head and seal; Waki' sent it to Sulayman by Salit ibn Atta, forbade Bahila's plunder, and confirmed Lahiq ibn Humayd on Marw. Qutayba was fifty-five. - واقعہ
افتتاح قتيبة ما وراء النهر
Al-Hajjaj gave Qutayba ibn Muslim al-Bahili Khurasan; marching on Akharun he was met at Talaqan by Balkh's dahqans bridging the river, and at the crossing by the Saghaniyan king bearing gifts and a golden key, yielding obedience and inviting him into his land — pressed by Akharun and Shuman's king — and Kafiyan's king came likewise, both surrendering their lands. Qutayba left his brother Salih beyond the river, who took Kasan and Urusht of Farghana — Nasr ibn Sayyar in his army — and Sakhr and Akhsikath, Farghana's old city; Kasan and Urusht, breached later, were last reopened by Nuh ibn Asad under al-Mansur. Juzjan's king truced on coming in person, came, returned, and died at Talaqan. - واقعہ
فتح قتيبة سمرقند
Qutayba besieged Samarqand — the old seat of Sughd's kings before Ishtikhan — through repeated battles, while the Shash king came from Tarband with his fighters for the fiercest fighting, broken and routed. Ghurak truced at two hundred and two thousand dirhams yearly with leave to pray in the city — entered, ate the food Ghurak prepared, built a mosque, and left a Muslim colony including the exegete al-Dahhak ibn Muzahim — or, some say, seven hundred thousand and three days' hospitality. The pact covered the idol- and fire-houses: the idols were taken out, stripped, and burned — the Ajam swore whoever touched them perished — and when Qutayba burned them with his own hand many embraced Islam. Abu Ubayda counts the conquest by force, Sa'id's unbroken sulh deemed too small; and he opened Baykand, Kish, Nasaf, al-Shash, Bum of Farghana, Sughd and Ushrusana. - واقعہ
قدوم قتيبة سجستان
Qutayba ibn Muslim, holding Khurasan and Sijistan under al-Walid, gave Sijistan to his brother Amr; when Amr pressed Rutbil for arrears, Rutbil answered he owed only the 'urud agreed with al-Hajjaj. Amr wrote to Qutayba, who came in person; Rutbil sent: 'we have not left obedience — we only agreed on 'urud, so do not wrong us'. Qutayba told the army 'accept his 'urud — it is an accursed frontier', and they did. Before returning he sowed a crop at Zaranj so the enemy would despair of his leaving and submit; when locusts ate it he had it burned, leaving Ibn Abdallah ibn Umayr al-Laythi — Ibn Amir's maternal half-brother — over Sijistan. - واقعہ
استيحاش قتيبة من سليمان بن عبد الملك
Qutayba dreaded Sulayman, having backed Abd al-Aziz ibn al-Walid for the succession. When al-Walid died Sulayman took the pulpit and railed at Habanqa al-'A'ishi — Yazid ibn Tazwan, who prized fat camels saying 'I do not mend what God has corrupted' — then at Tamim ('not Banu Tamim but Banu Dhamim'), Bakr ibn Wa'il, and the Azd, 'ya ahl al-safila — I will not say ahl al-'aliya — may He set you where He set you'. His letter granting Qutayba the governorship came with orders to free prisoners, pay stipends and permit departures — broadcast by the messenger — and Qutayba called it his design, telling the people 'Sulayman has made you great as mosquitoes' marrow, and you will yet be asked bay'a to Anwar, a boy whose slaughter is unlawful'. Stung by his curses they heard his apology — 'I was angry, knew not what I said' — and answered: if he lets us go home, good; if not, he blames only himself. - واقعہ
نقل الربيع بن زياد خمسين ألفاً إلى خراسان
In 51h Ziyad gave Khurasan to al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad al-Harithi, who moved near fifty thousand folk of the two misrs with their families — among them Burayda ibn al-Husayb al-Aslami, who died at Marw under Yazid ibn Mu'awiya, and Abu Barza al-Aslami, who died there too — settling them short of the river; he was the first to order the troops' garrison-settling. News of Hujr ibn Adi's killing grieved him; he prayed for death, fell that day, and died in 53h. His son Abdallah succeeded, fought Amul and Zamm into sulh, and died at Marw two months on. - واقعہ
غزوة غالب بن عبد الله الليثي بني الملوح بالكديد
تقریباً 629 عیسوی · تقریباً 8 ھThe Prophet sent Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi with a detachment to raid Banu al-Mulawwah at al-Kudayd; Jundab ibn Makith al-Juhani, who was in it, tells it: at Qudayd they seized al-Harith ibn Malik ibn al-Barsa' al-Laythi, who claimed he was going to embrace Islam, and bound him; Jundab served as lookout on a hill and a man of the camp shot him with two arrows, but he kept still; before dawn they raided, killed and drove off the herds, and when the pursuers reached Wadi Qudayd God sent a flood without a cloud that cut them off. The Muslims' watchword that night was 'amit, amit'. - واقعہ
غزوة غالب بن عبد الله أرض بني مرة ومقتل مرداس بن نهيك
تقریباً 629 عیسوی · تقریباً 8 ھGhalib ibn Abdullah al-Kalbi al-Laythi's detachment to the land of Banu Murra; Mirdas ibn Nahik, an ally of theirs from al-Huraqa of Juhayna, was killed there by Usama ibn Zayd and a man of the Ansar after he had said 'I testify there is no god but God'. When they told the Prophet, he said to Usama: 'Who will answer for la ilaha illa Allah on your behalf?' and kept repeating it until Usama wished his Islam had begun that very day and that he had not killed him, and vowed never again to kill a man who said it. - واقعہ
غزوة ابن أبي حدرد الغابة ومقتل رفاعة بن قيس الجشمي
تقریباً 629 عیسوی · تقریباً 8 ھThe Prophet sent Abdullah ibn Abi Hadrad with two men to Rifa'a ibn Qays al-Jushami, who had camped at al-Ghaba with a large clan of Jusham meaning to gather Qays against the Prophet, to bring back news of him; they lay in ambush, Rifa'a went out alone after his shepherd and Ibn Abi Hadrad shot him through the heart and cut off his head; they shouted the takbir, the camp fled, and they drove off camels and sheep. The Prophet gave Ibn Abi Hadrad thirteen camels towards his dowry of two hundred dirhams. - واقعہ
غزوة ابن أبي حدرد بطن إضم ومقتل عامر بن الأضبط
تقریباً 629 عیسوی · تقریباً 8 ھA detachment the Prophet sent before the conquest of Mecca to Idam, with Abu Qatada and Muhallim ibn Jaththama among its men; Amir ibn al-Adbat al-Ashja'i passed them and gave the greeting of Islam, but Muhallim attacked and killed him over an old grudge and took his camel and goods; Ibn Abi Hadrad says Qur'an 4:94 was revealed about them. At Hunayn Uyayna ibn Hisn and al-Aqra' ibn Habis disputed the blood before the Prophet until blood-money was accepted, and the Prophet prayed three times: 'O God, do not forgive Muhallim'. - واقعہ
غزوة زيد بن حارثة بني فزارة ومقتل أم قرفة
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 6 ھZayd ibn Haritha raided Wadi al-Qura and met Banu Fazara; some of his men were hit, he was carried off wounded from among the dead, and Ward ibn Amr ibn Madash was killed, so Zayd swore no water would touch his head from major impurity until he raided Fazara. When he recovered the Prophet sent him with an army; he slaughtered them at Wadi al-Qura, Qays ibn al-Musahhar al-Ya'muri killed Mas'ada ibn Hakama ibn Malik ibn Hudhayfa ibn Badr, and Umm Qirfa, Fatima bint Rabi'a ibn Badr, an old woman married to Malik ibn Hudhayfa, was captured with a daughter and Abdullah ibn Mas'ada. Zayd ordered Qays to kill Umm Qirfa, 'and he killed her violently', and they brought her daughter and Ibn Mas'ada to the Prophet; the daughter fell to Salama ibn al-Akwa', the Prophet asked for her and gave her to his maternal uncle Hazn ibn Abi Wahb. The episode is contested and carries perspectives. - واقعہ
غزوة زيد بن حارثة إلى جذام وردّ النبي ما أُخذ منهم
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 6 ھWhen Dihya ibn Khalifa al-Kalbi returned from Caesar, al-Hunayd ibn Us and his son of the Dula' of Judham robbed him in the valley of Shinar; men of the Dubayb, Rifa'a ibn Zayd's clan who had converted, recovered his goods. When Dihya complained to the Prophet and asked for al-Hunayd's blood, the Prophet sent Zayd ibn Haritha with an army, which raided from al-Awlaj at al-Maqis, took property and people, killed al-Hunayd and his son and three others, and captured converts among them. A party of the Dubayb with Hassan ibn Milla rode to Zayd, who had Umm al-Kitab recited and proclaimed their quarter inviolable; they then rode to Rifa'a and three nights on to Medina, where the Prophet read his own letter to Rifa'a, asked three times what he should do about the dead, and sent Ali with his sword to Zayd, who restored everything down to a woman's cushion. Ibn Ishaq has it from men of Judham learned in it. - واقعہ
المطر بعد دعاء النبي بالحجر
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھThe people woke with no water and complained to the Prophet; he prayed, and God sent a cloud that rained until they were quenched and carried away what they needed. In Mahmud ibn Labid's account, a man known for hypocrisy said on seeing it: a passing cloud. - واقعہ
نقض رامهرمز وفتحها
Abu Musa truced Ramhurmuz; they broke it, so Abu Maryam al-Hanafi re-truced them for eight hundred — or nine hundred — thousand dirhams; they betrayed again and it was taken by force in Abu Musa's last days. - واقعہ
فتح راور وبرهمباذ
Muhammad stormed Rawar, where a wife of Dahir, fearing capture, burned herself, her maids and her wealth; then Brahmanabadh al-Atiqa — two farsakhs from the later al-Mansura, then mere thicket — where Dahir's remnant fought and fell, eight thousand dead or twenty-six thousand by the larger count, and today ruins. Sawandra's folk won aman on hosting and guiding the Muslims — Muslims today — and Basmad truced the same. Ibn al-Kalbi names Dahir's killer al-Qasim ibn Tha'laba al-Ta'i. - واقعہ
إعادة بناء الكعبة وقضية الحجر الأسود
تقریباً 605 عیسویQuraysh's rebuilding of the Kaaba when Muhammad was thirty-five — a flood-weakened structure rebuilt with 'lawful money only' — and the arbitration over the Black Stone that he settled with the cloak solution. - واقعہ
قبول توبة الثلاثة
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھAt dawn on the fiftieth night Ka'b heard a caller on Mount Sal' bringing him good news and fell prostrate. After the dawn prayer the Prophet announced God's acceptance of their repentance and people congratulated them; Talha ibn Ubaydullah rose to Ka'b and congratulated him, and the Prophet told him this was the best day that had come upon him since his mother bore him. - واقعہ
قدوم مهاجري الحبشة مع جعفر بن أبي طالب
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 7 ھAfter Hudaybiyya, the Prophet sent Amr ibn Umayya al-Damri to the Negus, who transported the remaining Muslim emigrants in two ships to the Prophet at Khaybar after the conquest. The Prophet received Ja'far with a kiss between the eyes, saying 'I do not know which gives me greater joy — the opening of Khaybar or the arrival of Ja'far.' Sixteen men came on the two ships; thirty-four others came later or died in Abyssinia; sixteen women emigrated in all, counting those who came back and those who died there, apart from daughters born there. - واقعہ
خروج الشاري
248 ھThe Haruri rising in Yemen and the Jazira — crushed by Sama, its leader pardoned. - واقعہ
حروب الردة
تقریباً 632 عیسوی · تقریباً 11 ھIn al-Baladhuri: when Abu Bakr succeeded, groups of the Arabs apostatized and withheld the alms, some saying 'we keep the prayer but will not pay the zakat', whereupon Abu Bakr said 'if they withheld from me a hobbling-cord — some say a she-goat kid — I would fight them', the 'iqal being a year's alms; Abdullah ibn Masud said the Muslims had stood after the Prophet at a station where they nearly perished had God not graced them with Abu Bakr: they had all agreed not to fight over a young she-camel or a weaned camel 'and to eat the Arab villages' yield and worship God until certainty came to us', but God resolved him to fight, and he accepted from them only the humiliating condition or the annihilating war — the first that they confess their slain are in the Fire and return what they took of Muslim property, the second that they leave their homes; in Tariq ibn Shihab's report he offered the Buzakha delegation the choice of the annihilating war or the humiliating peace: surrender of armour and mounts, return of what was taken, blood-money for the slain Muslims, their own slain in the Fire; Aisha said 'when the Prophet died there befell my father what would have crushed the firm mountains — hypocrisy reared its head in Medina and the Arabs apostatized'; Abu Bakr went out to al-Qassa directing the columns against the apostates, was attacked by Kharija ibn Hisn and Manzur ibn Zabban the Fazaris who were routed with Talha ibn Ubaydillah pursuing them to lower Thaniyyat Awsaja, then appointed Khalid ibn al-Walid over the army and Thabit ibn Qays over the Ansar, beginning with Tulayha ibn Khuwaylid at Buzakha, followed by the affairs of Yamama, Bahrain, Oman, Yemen, Hadramawt, Mecca, Tihama and Iraq. - واقعہ
حرب رتبيل والربيع بن زياد
The Kabul Shah mustered and expelled every Muslim in Kabul; Rutbil came and took Zabulistan and Rukhkhaj as far as Bust. Al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad rode out with the people, fought Rutbil at Bust and routed him, pursued him to Rukhkhaj and fought him there, then went on to conquer the Dawar country. - واقعہ
امتناع رتبيل عن أتاوة العمال
To Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik's men Rutbil paid nothing. Asked what had become of the folk who used to come 'hollow-bellied, faces blackened by prayer, sandals of palm-fibre' — 'they are gone' — 'those were your betters in covenant and might, though you have fairer faces'. And why he paid al-Hajjaj but not them: 'al-Hajjaj never looked at what he spent once he won his purpose, though not a dirham returned; you never spend a dirham unless you hope ten come back for it'. Neither Umayyad nor Zubayrid governors of Sijistan took that atawa from him. - واقعہ
أمر ذبح إسماعيل
تقریباً 1900 قبل مسیحOn one of Ibrahim’s visits to Mecca he is shown in a dream that he must sacrifice his son; father and son submit, and the son is ransomed with a great sacrifice — the trial the Quran recalls in Surat al-Saffat, and which the Raheeq narrative places before Isaac’s birth. - واقعہ
الصيحة على الصفا
تقریباً 613 عیسویAssured of Abu Talib's protection, the Prophet climbed al-Safa and cried 'Ya sabahah', gathering the clans of Quraysh; he warned them of a severe punishment ahead, named them clan by clan down to Fatima bint Muhammad, and Abu Lahab's 'Tabban laka' drew the revelation of surat al-Masad. - واقعہ
سعيد بن عثمان وموقف بخارا
Mu'awiya gave Khurasan to Sa'id ibn Uthman ibn Affan — the first to cross the river with his whole army, and with him Rufay' Abu al-Aliya al-Riyahi ('Rufay' Abu al-Aliya: elevation and height'). The Khatun, hearing of his crossing, sued for peace; yet the Sughd, Turks, Kish and Nasaf — that is Nakhshab — came against him at a hundred and twenty thousand, meeting at Bukhara as the Khatun regretted her tribute and broke covenant. A slave of Sa'id's detached part of the host, the rest broke, and the Khatun gave hostages and renewed the peace — and Sa'id entered Bukhara's city. - واقعہ
ولاية سعيد حذيفة خراسان وهزيمة سورة
Under Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik, Maslama gave Khurasan to his son-in-law Sa'id ibn Abd al-Aziz — nicknamed 'Hudhayfa' when a dahqan saw him saffron-dyed with combed hair and called him effeminate. His man Sawra ibn al-Hurr retook Ishtikhan from the Turks and routed them, then lost the second battle with heavy loss; the obscene lampoon on Sa'id survives. Khurasan's notables complained to Maslama and he was deposed — al-Jarrah meanwhile had kept weighed silver and gold pieces under his carpet, tossing each visitor his due. - واقعہ
قتل رهن السغد سعيد بن عثمان
Sa'id carried his Sughd hostages to Medina, gave their clothes and belts to his mawali, dressed them in wool, and set them to water-carrying, wells and labour — they entered his majlis, butchered him, then killed themselves. Malik ibn al-Rayb and Khalid ibn Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt each have verses on him. - واقعہ
سجدة النجم
تقریباً 615 عیسویIn Ramadan of the fifth year, before a great assembly of Quraysh's chiefs in the sanctuary, the Prophet recited surat al-Najm; when he reached its closing prostration and prostrated, none present held back and all fell prostrate — Muslims and polytheists alike, as Bukhari reports. - واقعہ
ولاية سلم بن زياد خراسان
Yazid ibn Mu'awiya gave Salm ibn Ziyad Khurasan; the Khwarizmians truced at four hundred thousand borne to him. He crossed the river with his wife Umm Muhammad bint Abdallah ibn Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi — the first Arab woman across — came to Samarqand whose folk gave him a thousand-fold bloodwit; a son born to him was named al-Sughdi; his wife borrowed the Sughd lord's wife's jewels, wore and returned them. From Sughd he sent an army to Khujanda — with A'sha Hamdan among them — defeated; then back at Marw he campaigned again across the river and killed Bandun the Sughdi, whose people had mustered for him. - واقعہ
محنة سلم بن زياد مع ابن الزبير
At Yazid's death the people turned on Salm — 'ill did Ibn Sumayya think to command us in community and strife', as had been said to his brother Ubaydallah at Basra — and he left Khurasan to Ibn al-Zubayr, who fined him four million dirhams and imprisoned him. Salm would say 'would I had gone to Syria and stayed in my brother Ubaydallah's service — washing his foot — rather than come to Ibn al-Zubayr'. At Mecca until al-Hajjaj's siege, he tunneled from prison to al-Hajjaj, then Abd al-Malik — 'by God, had you stayed at Mecca she would have no governor but you' — who gave him Khurasan; reaching Basra, he died there. - واقعہ
إمداد سلمان الخيل وأمر الغنيمة
تقریباً 645 عیسوی · تقریباً 25 ھIn al-Baladhuri: when Habib ibn Maslama's letter reached Uthman with word of the Armeniakos patrikios's host, he wrote to Sa'id ibn al-As ibn Sa'id ibn al-As ibn Umayya — his governor of Kufa — ordering him to reinforce with an army under Salman ibn Rabi'a al-Bahili, that is Salman al-Khayl, a good, virtuous raider, who marched to him with six thousand Kufans; the Romans and their allies had come and camped on al-Fudhat — the reinforcement slow — and the Muslims night-attacked and overran them; then Salman arrived when the Muslims were done with their enemy, and the Kufans asked to be given a share in the spoils, which was refused until Habib and Salman exchanged hard words and some Muslims threatened Salman with death, the poet saying 'if you kill Salman we kill your Habib, and if you march home the son of Affan's affair marches too'; he wrote of it to Uthman, who wrote that the spoils were cold — free — for the Syrians, and wrote to Salman ordering him to raid Arran; some also relate that Salman ibn Rabi'a went to Armenia in Uthman's caliphate, took captives and spoils, and returned to al-Walid ibn Uqba at Hadithat al-Mawsil in year 25, where Uthman's letter reached him: Mu'awiya had written of a great Roman massing, asking aid and ordering eight thousand sent under Salman ibn Rabi'a al-Bahili, while Mu'awiya dispatched Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri with a like number — the two took fortresses and captives and disputed the command, the Syrians threatening Salman, whence the same verse — but the first report is sounder, transmitted to me by several shaykhs of Qaliqala and written to me by al-Attaf ibn Sufyan Abu al-Asbagh its qadi. - واقعہ
عصيان سنجر بخوزستان وتسليمه
1209 عیسوی · 606 ھAl-Nasir's mamluk-governor of Khuzistan, Qutb al-Din Sanjar, drifted into covert rebellion in 606; the caliphal army chased him into the protection of the Salghurid Atabeg Sa'd of Shiraz, wintered at Arrajan, and took his surrender under safe-conduct — Sanjar entered Baghdad on a pack-mule with two chains on his legs and confessed before the assembled amirs and notables. - واقعہ
اجتماع السقيفة
8 جون 632 عیسوی · 12 ربیع الاول 11 ھAfter the Prophet's death, leaders of the Ansar and Muhajirun met in the hall of the Banu Sa'ida and chose Abu Bakr as leader of the community. ونص الاجتماع كاملاً عند البخاري من رواية عمر: اجتماع الأنصار في السقيفة، ومشي أبي بكر وعمر وأبي عبيدة إليهم، والخطابان، ويدا عمر وبشير بن سعد، فالبيعة. - واقعہ
صلح سرخس
Ibn Khazim fought Sarakhs; its marzban Zadhuya sought peace on aman for a hundred men and the surrender of its women — his own daughter fell to Ibn Khazim's lot, who took her and named her Maysha' — and he ruled Sarakhs's land. Another telling: he truced on aman for a hundred souls, named the hundred, omitted himself — and was killed, and the town entered by force. From Sarakhs Ibn Khazim sent his mawla Yazid ibn Salim to take Kif and Yabina. - واقعہ
سرية عبد الرحمن بن عوف إلى دومة الجندل
تقریباً 627 عیسوی · تقریباً 6 ھIbn Ishaq tells it from Ata' ibn Abi Rabah, from a man who asked Abdullah ibn Umar about letting the turban's end hang behind: Ibn Umar was one of ten Companions sitting with the Prophet in his mosque when a young Ansari asked which believers were best and wisest; the Prophet then addressed the Muhajirun with the five afflictions, then ordered Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf to prepare for a detachment, wound a black cotton turban on him with his own hands leaving four fingers hanging behind, handed him the banner and charged him: fight in God's way, do not steal from the spoils, do not break faith, do not mutilate, do not kill a child. Ibn Hisham adds: he set out for Dumat al-Jandal. - واقعہ
سرية عبد الله بن أنيس إلى سفيان بن خالد
تقریباً اپریل 627 عیسوی · تقریباً ذوالقعدہ 5 ھ†A single-man sariyya the Prophet sent in Muharram of the sixth year, as Waqidi reports, to kill Sufyan ibn Khalid al-Hudhali, who was gathering forces at Uranah; Ibn Unays went alone, identified him by the Prophet's description, and joined him to get close. - واقعہ
سرية أبي عبيدة بن الجراح إلى سيف البحر (غزوة الخبط)
تقریباً 629 عیسوی · تقریباً 8 ھA detachment the Prophet sent to the sea coast under Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah, provisioned with a single bag of dates; Ubada ibn al-Samit tells it: Abu Ubayda rationed the dates until each man received one a day, and when hunger wore them down God brought out for them a sea creature on whose flesh and fat they lived twenty nights until they grew fat; the commander propped up one of its ribs and the tallest man on the biggest camel passed beneath it. When they asked the Prophet about having eaten it he said: a provision God provided you. - واقعہ
سرية الضحاك بن سفيان الكلابي إلى بني كلاب
مارچ 631 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 9 ھIn Rabi' al-Awwal 9 AH the Prophet sent al-Dahhak ibn Sufyan al-Kilabi to his own people Banu Kilab to invite them to Islam; they refused and fought, and the Muslims routed them and killed one man. - واقعہ
سرية علقمة بن مجزز المدلجي إلى سواحل جدة
اپریل 631 عیسوی · ربیع الثانی 9 ھIn Rabi' al-Akhir 9 AH the Prophet sent Alqama ibn Mujazziz al-Mudliji with three hundred men against a band of Abyssinians gathered near the Jeddah coast for piracy against the people of Mecca; he crossed the sea to an island, and they fled when they heard of the Muslims' approach. - واقعہ
سرية كرز بن جابر لقتل البجليين الذين قتلوا يساراً
تقریباً 627 عیسوی · تقریباً 6 ھIbn Hisham tells it from a scholar, from Muhammad ibn Talha, from Uthman ibn Abd al-Rahman: in the raid on Muharib and Banu Tha'laba the Prophet acquired a slave named Yasar and put him in charge of his milch-camels grazing near al-Jamma'; a party of Qays Kubba of Bajila came to Medina, fell sick and their spleens swelled, so the Prophet told them to go out to the camels and drink their milk and urine; when they recovered they attacked Yasar, slaughtered him, drove thorns into his eyes and drove off the camels. The Prophet sent Kurz ibn Jabir after them; he caught them and brought them to the Prophet on his return from the Dhu Qarad raid, and he cut off their hands and feet and put out their eyes. - واقعہ
سرية قطبة بن عامر إلى خثعم
فروری 631 عیسوی · صفر 9 ھIn Safar 9 AH the Prophet sent Qutba ibn Amir ibn Hadida with twenty men on ten camels they shared in turns against a clan of Khath'am near Tabala in the Turba region; the raid met hard fighting with many wounded on both sides, and the Muslims drove cattle, captives and sheep back to Medina. - واقعہ
سرية عيينة بن حصن الفزاري إلى بني تميم
جنوری 631 عیسوی · محرم 9 ھIn Muharram 9 AH the Prophet sent Uyayna ibn Hisn al-Fazari with fifty horsemen — none Muhajirun or Ansar — against Banu Tamim, who had been inciting tribes and withholding jizya; he surprised them in the desert and took eleven men, twenty-one women and thirty children to Medina, where ten of their chiefs came for the famous oratory and poetry contest; al-Aqra' ibn Habis declared the Muslims' orator and poet superior, they accepted Islam, and their families were returned. - واقعہ
سرية زيد بن حارثة إلى مدين وقصة السبي
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 6 ھIbn Hisham tells it from Abdullah ibn Hasan ibn Hasan from his mother Fatima bint al-Husayn: the Prophet sent Zayd ibn Haritha towards Madyan with Dumayra, the client of Ali ibn Abi Talib, and a brother of his; he took captives from the people of Mina', the coasts, who were sold and separated; the Prophet came out as they wept, asked what ailed them, was told they had been separated, and said: sell them only together. Ibn Hisham: he meant mothers and children. - واقعہ
وقعة سرماري على الكرج
اگست 1223 عیسوی · شعبان 620 ھ620: a dawn ambush in the narrow wadi between Dvin and Sarmari — the Akhlat marcher-lord fell on the Georgian army 'while they were heedless', capturing Shalwa, amir of Dvin and one of Georgia's greatest commanders, with many of his officers; the Georgian king wrote to al-Ashraf of the Jazira: release our men or the peace is broken. - واقعہ
قتل السيايجة حراس بيت المال
A body of Sayabija — forty or four hundred — stood watch over Basra's treasury; when Talha and al-Zubayr came to Basra, held for Ali by Uthman ibn Hunayf, they refused to surrender the treasury till Ali's arrival — so they were fallen upon at dawn and killed, Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr leading that party; over the Sayabija then was Abu Salama al-Zutti, a righteous man. - واقعہ
ضياع خاتم الخلافة في بئر أريس
The Prophet's silver seal, engraved 'Muhammad, Messenger of God', passed to Abu Bakr's sealing, then Umar's, then Uthman's — and slipped from his hand into the well mid-caliphate; it was emptied and the seal not recovered, so he had a seal made engraved 'Muhammad, Messenger of God' in three lines. Variants: all silver, fass and ring, or a silver ring with an Abyssinian stone; and his word, 'I have made a seal — let no one engrave upon its engraving'. - واقعہ
الهجرة الثانية إلى الحبشة
تقریباً 616 عیسویWhen torture intensified after the first migrants' brief return, eighty-three men — Ammar's inclusion doubtful — and eighteen or nineteen women migrated again to Abyssinia; Quraysh sent Amr ibn al-As and Abdullah ibn Abi Rabi'a to win them back, but the Negus heard Ja'far ibn Abi Talib's account and sura Maryam, refused to surrender them, and returned the envoys' gifts. - واقعہ
بيعة العقبة الثانية
تقریباً جون 622 عیسوی · تقریباً ذوالقعدہ 1 قبل ہجرت†At the pilgrim season of the thirteenth year of the mission, June 622, about seventy-three men and two women from Yathrib met the Prophet secretly at the ravine of al-Aqaba; al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib spoke of the gravity of the covenant; they pledged hearing and obedience, spending in hardship and ease, enjoining good, standing for God, and protecting him; they chose twelve chiefs, and a voice from the hills gave the alarm, after which the Prophet ordered them to disperse. - واقعہ
غزوة قبرس الثانية
تقریباً 653 عیسوی · 33 ھIn al-Baladhuri: in year 32 the people of Cyprus aided the Byzantines against the sea-raiders, giving them vessels, so Mu'awiya raided them in year 33 with five hundred ships, taking Cyprus by force — killing and making captives — then restored them to their treaty, sending there twelve thousand men all of the diwan who built its mosques, and transferring companies from Ba'labakk; he built a city there and they dwelt drawing stipends until Mu'awiya died and his son Yazid succeeded, who disbanded that force and ordered the city demolished — some transmitters place the second raid in year 35, and Muhammad ibn Musaffa was told Yazid was bribed with great wealth to withdraw the Cyprus garrison, whose people then demolished their city and mosques once they had gone; al-Walid ibn Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik exiled a body of them to Syria on a charge which the people disapproved, and Yazid ibn al-Walid returned them to their land; Hayy ibn Ma'yuf al-Hamdani raided them in al-Rashid's caliphate for an offence and took captives, and when they straightened to the Muslims al-Rashid ordered the captives returned; the people of Cyprus remained on Mu'awiya's treaty until Abd al-Malik added a thousand dinars, which ran until Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz remitted it, Hisham restored it, and Abu Ja'far al-Mansur declared 'we are worthier of being just to them and did not profit by wronging them', returning them to Mu'awiya's treaty. - واقعہ
نزول جبريل بالوحي مرة ثانية: أوائل المدثر
تقریباً 610 عیسویAfter the pause in revelation the Prophet heard a voice from heaven and saw the angel who had come to him at Hira seated on a throne between heaven and earth; he returned home asking to be wrapped, and God sent down the opening of surat al-Muddaththir with the command to rise and warn, after which revelation came thick and fast; the author reads in its commands the substance of the call. - واقعہ
خطبة يوم النحر بمنى
مارچ 632 عیسوی · 10 ذوالحجہ 10 ھOn 10 Dhu al-Hijja the Prophet preached at Mina mounted on a grey mule while Ali relayed his words: time has come full circle as on the day of creation; the sacred months are four; blood, property and honour are inviolable; and let the witness inform the absent. - واقعہ
إسكان هاجر وإسماعيل بمكة
تقریباً 2000 قبل مسیحIbrahim leaves his wife Hajar and the infant Ismail in a barren valley by the future site of the House, entrusting them to God; when the water runs out the spring of Zamzam breaks forth, and the Yemeni tribe of Jurhum settles by them with Hajar’s permission. - واقعہ
أمان العبد بشهريج
Shahrij held a full month's siege; one day a Muslim slave lagged behind — taken for a defector — and wrote the garrison an aman on an arrow he shot in. Next day they came out: 'here is your aman'; the Muslims wrote Umar, who answered 'the Muslims' slave is of the Muslims — his dhimma is as theirs: honor it', and they did. In another telling the fort was at Siraf, the garrison saying 'we know not freeman from slave', and Umar's answer the same. - واقعہ
حادثة شق الصدر
تقریباً 574 عیسویThe tradition, narrated by Muslim via Anas, that Jibril opened the boy Muhammad's breast while he played with the lads in Banu Sa'd, removed 'Satan's share' and washed his heart with Zamzam water — after which Halima returned him to his mother. ويروي البخاري الشق الثاني ليلة الإسراء بلسان مالك بن صعصعة: «فشُقّ من النحر إلى مراقّ البطن ثم غُسل البطن بماء زمزم ثم مُلئ حكمة وإيماناً». - واقعہ
خلع شروان شاه والظفر بالكرج
1225 عیسوی · 622 ھ622: the Shirvanshah's own son deposed his tyrannical father, who bought Georgian restoration at the price of half the kingdom; the son's thousand horsemen met three thousand Georgians and routed them — whereupon the Georgian commanders dismissed the old shah: 'we met nothing good on your account — do not stay in our lands'. The son restored the people's confiscated estates and ruled well. - واقعہ
قضاء شريح في درع علي
تقریباً 657 عیسوی · 37 ھAfter Siffin Ali missed a coat of mail and found it with a Jew in Kufa — 'the armor is mine; I neither sold nor gave it'. They pleaded before the judge Shurayh, where Ali sat beside him saying 'were my opponent not a Jew I would have sat equal with him'. Shurayh asked for proof; Ali offered Qanbar and al-Hasan, but Shurayh ruled a son's testimony inadmissible for his father and found for the Jew — who exclaimed that the Commander of the Faithful had brought him before his own judge and been judged against, bore witness that this was the truth, acknowledged the armor, and embraced Islam. - واقعہ
أسطول صقلية على الإسكندرية
تقریباً 1 اگست 1174 عیسوی · 26 ذوالحجہ 569 ھ26 Dhu al-Hijja 569 (1174): answering the restoration plotters' letters, a Sicilian armada — two hundred troop-shinis, thirty-six horse-transports, six siege-train ships and forty supply vessels, fifty thousand foot and fifteen hundred horse under the Sicilian king's cousin — landed by the Pharos and set siege-towers against Alexandria's wall; the townsfolk and nearby iqta' troops held three days, burst out and burned the towers, and a rumour of Saladin's approach broke the Franks — the camp was stormed in the dark, the fleet fled under hull-piercing swimmers, and three hundred knights on a hill were finished by morning. - واقعہ
فتح السوس
Abu Musa besieged al-Sus till its food failed; its marzban bought aman for eighty named men — excluding himself — to open the gate; Abu Musa beheaded him, spared the eighty, killed the other fighters and took the wealth and children. In the citadel stood a curtained house: the body of the prophet Daniel, whom a drought had moved them to ask Babylon's people to bury among them for rain — Bukhtanasar had carried him captive to Babylon and he died there. Abu Musa wrote Umar, who answered 'shroud and bury him' — he dammed the river, buried him and released the water. Khalid ibn Zayd, who lost an eye there, tells the dahqan's hundred-man aman and the spared 'enemy of God' who cried 'wait, I give great wealth' — refused and beheaded. - واقعہ
غزوة بني قينقاع
تقریباً 9 اپریل 624 عیسوی · 15 شوال 2 ھA fifteen-day siege of the Jewish tribe Banu Qaynuqa in Shawwal 2 AH after their breach of the covenant; ended in their unconditional surrender and expulsion from Medina. - واقعہ
غزوة بني قريظة
تقریباً مارچ 627 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 5 ھIn Dhu al-Qa'da 5 AH (March 627 CE), immediately after the confederates withdrew, the Prophet marched on Banu Qurayza for breaking their treaty during the siege of Medina; after twenty-five nights of siege they surrendered unconditionally and accepted the arbitration of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, who decreed the execution of the combatants and captivity of women and children. - واقعہ
حصار ابن الزبير بمكة
تقریباً اکتوبر 683 عیسوی · صفر 64 ھThe Harra army marched on Mecca to fight Ibn al-Zubayr — its commander dying on the road — and besieged him, fighting and casting mangonels in Safar 64; sparks from their fires burned the Ka'ba's curtains and roof and the horns of the ram ransomed for Ishmael which had been kept in the ceiling. Yazid perished in mid-Rabi' I of that year and the news came while the fighting ran on — 'people of Syria, your tyrant has perished', called Ibn al-Zubayr, and they broke away humbled and were plucked off one by one. Ibn al-Zubayr then summoned to his own bay'a and was titled caliph, while the Syrians pledged Mu'awiya ibn Yazid. - واقعہ
حصار الحجاج لابن الزبير سنة اثنتين وسبعين
al-Hajjaj closed on Mecca in Dhu'l-Qa'da 72 for a fifty-night siege; the takbir for the fall of Abu Qubays rolled through Damascus, while the thirty-one-year-old stood armoured at 'Arafa barred by Ibn al-Zubayr from the tawaf. - واقعہ
فتح مناذر
Abu Musa besieged Manadhir against fierce fighting; al-Muhajir ibn Ziyad, al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad's brother, meant to sell his life fasting — Abu Musa had sworn every faster break his fast or not fight, so he drank 'not from thirst' and fell martyred, his head raised on the citadel between two merlons — the poem 'راح المهاجر في حل بإجمال' mourns him. Al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad, left in charge, took Manadhir by force — killing the fighters, capturing the children — so both Manadhirs passed to the Muslims under Asim ibn Qays al-Sulami; in another telling Umar ruled it 'a Sawad village — return what you took'. - واقعہ
حصار سمرقند في أيام سعيد بن عثمان
Sa'id ibn Uthman marched on Samarqand with the Khatun's Bukhara levies, camped at its gate, and swore not to stir until it opened and he had thrown down its qahandaz. Three days' fighting — fiercest on the third — cost him an eye and cost al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra his (or the Muhallab's eye went at Talaqan); the foe slackened, wounds telling, when a man guided Sa'id to a castle holding their kings' sons and nobles — besieged, the city feared its storm and sued: seven hundred thousand dirhams, hostages of their nobles' sons — fifteen, or forty, or eighty — and his right to enter the city and leave by the other gate. He loosed a stone at the qahandaz and it lodged in its loophole; then he withdrew, and at Tirmidh the Khatun's suit won another sulh. - واقعہ
حصار الطائف
جنوری 630 عیسوی · شوال 8 ھAfter Hunayn, the Muslims besieged the fortified town of Ta'if, home of the Thaqif; the siege was lifted without taking it, and the Thaqif accepted Islam the next year. - واقعہ
حصار تستر
Abu Musa marched on Tustar, the enemy's strength and edge — and wrote Umar for aid; Umar ordered Ammar ibn Yasir out of Kufa, putting Jarir ibn Abdallah al-Bajali first. The wings: Abu Musa's right al-Bara' ibn Malik, Anas's brother; left Majza'a ibn Thawr al-Sadusi; horse Anas ibn Malik — Ammar's right al-Bara' ibn Azib, left Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman, horse Qaraza ibn Ka'b, foot al-Nu'man ibn Muqarrin al-Muzani. The fighting ran to Tustar's gate where al-Bara' ibn Malik fought till martyred, and Hurmuzan went in. - واقعہ
حملة الربيع بن زياد إلى سجستان
Ibn Amir, bound for Khurasan in 30h, camped at Shaq al-Shirjan and sent al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad into Sijistan: al-Fahraj, then the seventy-five-farsakh mafaza, then Rustaq Zaliq raided on Mihrjan day — its dahqan ransomed himself by planting his spear and piling gold and silver over it — then Karkuya and Haysun surrendered unresisted. Guided to Zaranj across Wadi Nuq, he fought Zusht hard — Muslim dead — till they were forced inside the walls; Nashrudh fell with the father of Abu Salih, later al-Hajjaj's secretary — a Marra woman, Abla, bought him — and Shirwadh with Ibrahim ibn Bassam's grandfather. At Zaranj the marzban Aparwiz sought aman: al-Rabi' sat him on a corpse, leaned on another, seated his companions on corpses — dark, long-limbed, loud-voiced — and the awed marzban truced for a thousand slave-youths each bearing a gold cup. His governorship ran two and a half years, forty thousand captives, and al-Hasan al-Basri was his secretary. - واقعہ
فتنة الحبطات بسجستان
Ibn Samura left Umair ibn al-Ahmar al-Yashkuri over Zaranj when Uthman's affair unravelled — its people expelled him and shut the gates. After the Camel, Hasaka ibn Utab al-Habati and Imran ibn al-Fasil al-Burjumi rode out with Arab desperadoes: plundered Zaliq whose folk had broken, captured al-Bakhtari's grandfather al-Asamm ibn Mujahid, and entered Zaranj whose marzban truced. Ali's envoy Abd al-Rahman ibn Jaza' al-Ta'i was killed by Hasaka — 'I will kill four thousand of the Habata', and it was said 'the Habata are not even five hundred'; Abu Mikhnaf adds that Awn ibn Jamda al-Makhzumi, sent likewise, was killed by the bandit Buhadali al-Ta'i. Ali then had Ibn Abbas send Rubay'i ibn al-Kas al-Anbari with four thousand — with al-Husayn ibn Abi al-Hurr and Na'il ibn Dhi al-Hurra on the vanguard — who killed Hasaka and secured the country, their rajaz vow: 'we will not befriend the party of Ibn Affan — we found it in the Book of the Furqan'. - واقعہ
فتح مكران على يد سنان بن سلمة
Ziyad appointed the pious Sinan ibn Salama ibn al-Muhabbiq al-Hudhali — first to bind his troops with divorce-oaths — who took Makran by storm, garrisoned it, and held it firm; the poets mocked his swearing ('a divorce whose wife gets no dower'). Ibn al-Kalbi names Hakim ibn Jabala the conqueror. Ziyad's next man Rashid ibn Amr al-Judaydi won at Qiqan, fell at al-Mayd, and Sinan, left in command, held the thaghr two years. - واقعہ
حساب الحجاج في غزو السند وما بعد داهر
al-Hajjaj totted it up: sixty million spent on Muhammad ibn al-Qasim against a hundred and twenty million gained — 'we have sated our wrath, taken our revenge, gained sixty million dirhams — and Dahir's head'. Al-Hajjaj died while Muhammad fought on; back at al-Rur he gave stipends, took al-Baylaman's unresisted submission and Sursant's peace — today's Basran resort — then al-Kiraj, where Dahir's son Duhar sallied, fled or fell, and the city came down on terms amid killing and captives: 'we killed Dahir and Duhar, and horse fells knight after knight'. - واقعہ
ستة نفر من أهل يثرب يسلمون في منى
تقریباً جولائی 620 عیسویAt the pilgrim season of the eleventh year of the mission the Prophet met six young men of the Khazraj at the Aqaba of Mina; he explained Islam and recited the Qur'an to them, they embraced it, and they promised to call their people, hoping God would unite them. - واقعہ
حادثة الكاهن في بني سعد
As Halima's account is transmitted by Bayhaqi, she brought the boy to a soothsayer in Banu Sa'd after the chest-opening; the soothsayer urged his killing, Halima refused, and she returned him to Mecca, where he was briefly lost at the great gate. - واقعہ
انشقاق القمر
610 اور 622 کے درمیان عیسویThe sign the people of Mecca asked of the Prophet: he showed them the moon in two halves until they saw Mount Hira between them; in another report they said 'Muhammad has bewitched us'. Ibn Mas'ud reports 'the moon split while we were with the Prophet at Mina; he said: bear witness — and one part went toward the mountain', and once said it split at Mecca; Ibn 'Abbas reports the moon split in the Prophet's lifetime. Muslims read the event in the opening of Surat al-Qamar 'the Hour has drawn near and the moon has split'. - واقعہ
رجم المرأة الغامدية
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھIn 9 AH a woman of Ghamid came to the Prophet and confessed to fornication; he repeatedly turned her away hoping she would recant, then deferred her until she bore and weaned her child, whereupon she was stoned — an application of the prescribed penalty which the Prophet described as a repentance that would suffice seventy of Medina's people were it apportioned. - واقعہ
كلمة سهيل بن عمرو بمكة عند وفاة النبي
تقریباً 8 جون 632 عیسوی · تقریباً ربیع الاول 11 ھWhen the Prophet died most people of Mecca meant to renounce Islam; Attab ibn Usayd, its governor, hid; then Suhayl ibn Amr stood, praised God, named the Prophet's death and said it had only increased Islam in strength, and whoever doubted them they would strike his neck; the people drew back and Attab reappeared. - واقعہ
صلح هراة وبادغيس وبوشنج
An army under Aws ibn Tha'laba ibn Raqqi — or Khulayd ibn Abdallah al-Hanafi — went to Herat; its great came out to Ibn Amir and truced for Herat, Badghis and Bushanj, save Taghun and Baghun taken by force. Ibn Amir's writ, penned by Rabi' ibn Nahshal and sealed by himself, charged the great with piety, sincere counsel to the Muslims and righting his lands, compounded Herat's plain and mountain on the agreed jizya divided justly — 'whoever withholds what is on him has no covenant nor dhimma'. Another telling: Ibn Amir marched on Herat in strength, fought, and the marzban truced for a million. - واقعہ
صلح مرو
Kanazbak, marzban of Tus, compounded Tus at six hundred thousand; Marw's marzban sent al-Shahijan suing for peace, and Hatim ibn al-Nu'man al-Bahili truced Marw at a million two hundred thousand — others say a million dirhams and two hundred thousand jarib of wheat and barley, or a million one hundred thousand uqiyya — on terms that they widen the Muslims' housing while the tax-division rested on them, the Muslims only collecting. All Marw was sulh save the village called al-Sanj, taken by force. Abu Ubayda has it in wada'if, beasts and goods — no cash then — the whole kharaj on that basis till Yazid ibn Mu'awiya made it money. - واقعہ
صلح عبيد الله بن أبي بكرة ورتبيل
Ziyad dismissed al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad and gave Sijistan to Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra, who campaigned; at Barzan, Rutbil sent seeking peace for his land and Kabul's at one million two hundred thousand. Ubaydallah consented, and when Rutbil asked that two hundred thousand be waived he agreed — the sulh concluded at a million dirhams. Ubaydallah reported to Ziyad, who ratified it, and he remained in Sijistan until Ziyad's death. - واقعہ
غزوة صرد بن عبد الله لجرش وإسلام أهلها
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھSurad marched at the Prophet's order to Jurash, a walled town sheltering Yemeni tribes and Khath'am, besieged it for about a month and withdrew; when at the mountain of Shakar its people pursued him thinking him beaten, he turned and slaughtered them. Jurash had sent two men to the Prophet, who told them after the afternoon prayer that God's sacrificial camels were being slaughtered at Shakar at that moment, then prayed at their request that it be lifted; they found their people struck that very day and hour. The delegation of Jurash then came and embraced Islam, and the Prophet set a protected reserve around their village for the horse, the mount and the plough-ox. - واقعہ
صلح الطبسين وفتح باب خراسان
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari sent Abdallah ibn Budayl ibn Warqa' al-Khuza'i raiding through Kirman to the Tabasayn — two fortresses, Tabas and Qurayn, a palm-bearing jurm that is the gate of Khurasan — where he took booty; men of the Tabasayn came to Umar ibn al-Khattab and truced for sixty thousand, some say seventy-five, and were given a writ. Another telling has Ibn Budayl going of his own accord from Isbahan. - واقعہ
خروج النبي من المدينة والاستخلاف عليها
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھThe Prophet pitched his camp at Thaniyyat al-Wada'. Ibn Hisham says he put Muhammad ibn Maslama al-Ansari in charge of Medina, and he reports from al-Darawardi from his father that he appointed Siba' ibn Urfuta. - واقعہ
أمر النبي الناس بالتهيؤ لغزو الروم
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھIbn Ishaq says the Prophet stayed in Medina from Dhu al-Hijja to Rajab, then ordered the people to prepare for the campaign against the Byzantines — in a time of hardship, fierce heat and drought, when the fruit had ripened. He rarely went on a campaign without concealing its destination, but for Tabuk he declared it plainly because the distance was far, the time harsh and the enemy many. - واقعہ
الإقامة بتبوك والرجوع إلى المدينة
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھThe Prophet stayed at Tabuk a few nights, no more than a dozen, then turned back toward Medina. - واقعہ
فتح تاج الدين أبي بكر كرمان ومكران والسند
تقریباً 1214 عیسوی · تقریباً 611 ھA camel-hirer turned Khwarazmshah's most trusted amir, Taj al-Din Abu Bakr of Zuzan took Kirman 'in the quickest time', swept Makran to Sind's borders by Kabul, and received Hormuz's tribute — the great entrepôt whose protection merchants from India, China and Yemen bought with obedience — raising the Khwarazmian khutba at Qalhat and parts of Oman; Ibn al-Athir heard the story from a Mosul soldier who marched in the conquest. - واقعہ
ولاية تميم بن زيد السند والانسحاب من الهند
Tamim ibn Zayd al-Utbi — feeble successor — died near Daybul at the Buffalo-Water, named for herds fleeing the shore's blue flies. Of the Arabs' most open-handed, he spent eighteen million Tatari dirhams found in Sind's bayt al-mal. A Yarbu'i lad Khanis reached Hind, begged al-Farazdaq a letter for his manumission, swearing by Ghalib's grave; Farazdaq's verses asked 'Khaytis freed as my bounty' — and Tamim, unsure if the name was Habish or Khanis, freed every slave so lettered. In his days the Muslims quit the lands of Hind and abandoned their stations, not returning to this day. - واقعہ
تخيير أمهات المؤمنين
تقریباً 9 ھWhen the Prophet's wives asked for a better standard of living amid the austerity of his household, the verse of choice was revealed (al-Ahzab 28-29): if you desire the life of this world and its adornment, come, I will provide for you and release you graciously; but if you desire Allah and His Messenger and the abode of the Hereafter, Allah has prepared a great reward for the doers of good among you. All of them chose Allah and His Messenger. - واقعہ
رؤيا النبي في السوارين من ذهب وتأويلهما بالكذابين
631 اور 632 کے درمیان عیسوی · 10 ھThe Prophet addressed the people from his minbar saying he had seen the Night of Power and then been made to forget it, and had seen on his arms two gold bracelets which he disliked and blew away, interpreting them as the two liars, the man of Yemen and the man of al-Yamama, that is al-Aswad al-Ansi and Musaylima; Ibn Ishaq has it from Yazid ibn Abdullah ibn Qusayt from Ata' ibn Yasar or his brother Sulayman from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri. He also reports from Abu Hurayra that the Hour will not come until thirty impostors appear, each claiming prophethood. - واقعہ
ضلال ناقة النبي وقول زيد بن اللصيت
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھThe Prophet's she-camel strayed on the road and his Companions went out searching for her. With him was Umara ibn Hazm, and in his litter rode Zayd ibn al-Lusayt al-Qaynuqa'i, a hypocrite in Ibn Ishaq's account, who said mockingly: does Muhammad bring news of the heavens yet not know where his camel is? The Prophet announced what he had said and where the camel was; it was found where he described, and Umara drove Zayd from his litter. - واقعہ
اعتزال النبي أزواجه
تقریباً 629 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھThe Prophet withdrew from his wives to an upper chamber for a month in the incident known as the ila'. Umar climbed to find him on a mat with nothing between it and his skin, a leather pillow stuffed with palm-fibre under his head; the mat had marked his side, and when Umar wept comparing him to the emperors he answered 'are you not content that they have this world and we have the next?'; Ibn Abbas reports Umar naming Aisha and Hafsa as the two wives. - واقعہ
الثلاثة الذين خُلّفوا بعد تبوك
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھAfter the Prophet returned to Medina he forbade speech with three Muslims who had stayed behind from Tabuk 'without doubt and without hypocrisy' in Ibn Ishaq's words — Ka'b ibn Malik, Murara ibn al-Rabi' and Hilal ibn Umayya. People withdrew from them for fifty nights until their repentance was announced after the dawn prayer. - واقعہ
البكاؤون: سبعة طلبوا الحمل
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھSeven men of the Ansar and of Banu Amr ibn Awf, called the Weepers, needy men, came to the Prophet begging for mounts; he said: I find nothing to carry you on — and they turned away, their eyes overflowing with tears that they had nothing to spend. Ibn Yamin ibn Umayr al-Nadri gave one of them a camel and dates. - واقعہ
الترمذ بين موسى بن عبد الله بن خازم وقتيبة
When Abdallah ibn Khazim al-Sulami was killed his son Musa came to Tirmidh's king, who sheltered him and his men — till Musa cast him out and held it in rebellion; at his death it passed to the governors, its people broke, and Qutayba ibn Muslim retook it. - واقعہ
رحلة النبي التجارية إلى الشام في مال خديجة
تقریباً 595 عیسویAt twenty-five the Prophet went to Syria as a trader with the goods of Khadija bint Khuwaylid, who had heard of his truthfulness, trustworthiness and noble character and offered him better terms than other merchants, sending her servant Maysara with him; she found in her goods a trustworthiness and blessing she had never seen, which led to their marriage. - واقعہ
صلح النبي مع يحنة بن رؤبة صاحب أيلة
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھWhen the Prophet reached Tabuk, Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba, the master of Ayla, came to him, made peace and paid the jizya; the people of Jarba and Adhruh also came and paid it, and he wrote them a document they still hold. For Yuhanna and the people of Ayla he wrote a letter of safe-conduct whose text Ibn Ishaq preserves. - واقعہ
صلح دارابجرد
Uthman came to Darabjird — their banner-town and seat of religion, its master the Hirbadh — who truced on money paid and on its folk standing equal with the surrendered towns of Fars; a gathering near Jahram he scattered and took its land, then Fasa's great-man truced on Darabjird's terms — or, it is said, the Hirbadh truced it too. - واقعہ
صلح الحديبية
تقریباً مارچ 628 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 6 ھIn Dhu al-Qa'da 6 AH (March 628 CE), the Prophet marched towards Mecca with 1,400 companions for Umrah; halted at al-Hudaybiyya by Quraysh, negotiations through Suhayl ibn Amr produced a historic ten-year peace treaty described in the Qur'an as a 'Manifest Victory'. - واقعہ
صلح النبي مع أكيدر
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھKhalid brought Ukaydir to the Prophet, who spared his blood, made peace with him on payment of the jizya, and released him; he returned to his village. - واقعہ
صلح الجراجمة
تقریباً 637 عیسوی · تقریباً 16 ھIn al-Baladhuri from shaykhs of Antioch: the Jarajima are of a city on Jabal al-Lukkam by the vitriol mine between Bayyas and Buqa called al-Jurjuma; in the days of Byzantine rule over Syria they answered to the patrician and governor of Antioch, and when Abu Ubayda took it they stayed in their city, meaning to join the Byzantines for fear of their lives but unreported; when Antioch's people broke faith he sent Habib ibn Maslama who retook it, then came to al-Jurjuma whose people hastened to ask for aman, compounding to be auxiliaries, scouts and watchmen for the Muslims in Jabal al-Lukkam, exempted from jizya and granted the spoils of those they killed when attending the Muslims' wars — the treaty taking in the traders, hirelings, Nabataean clients and villagers among them who were called the Rawadif for following after them; they would keep faith with the governors one while and veer another, corresponding with and favouring the Byzantines, until in Ibn al-Zubayr's days a Byzantine cavalry came to Jabal al-Lukkam then moved to Lebanon, drawing to it a great company of Jarajima, Nabataeans and runaway slaves of the Muslims, forcing Abd al-Malik to compound with them for a thousand dinars every Friday and with the Byzantine tyrant for a payment to keep him occupied — after Mu'awiya's example when preoccupied with Iraq; then Abd al-Malik sent Suhaym ibn al-Muhajir to the Byzantine leader, who wormed his way in by feigned favour until trusted, then fell on him and his company and killed them, proclaiming aman so the Jarajima scattered through the villages of Hims and Damascus, most returning to their city and the slaves to their masters. - واقعہ
صلح نصارى بني تغلب
تقریباً 640 عیسوی · تقریباً 20 ھIn al-Baladhuri through multiple chains: Umar ibn al-Khattab meant to take jizya from the Christian Taghlib, who fled — a body crossing the Euphrates for Byzantine lands — until al-Nu'man ibn Zur'a — or Zur'a ibn al-Nu'man — adjured him: 'Banu Taghlib are Arabs who would scorn the jizya and are a people of stout valour; let not your enemy gain strength against you by them'; Umar sent after them, brought them back and compounded with them for a doubling of the sadaqa taken from the Muslims on every grazing herd and acre — another chain has Umar ordering they be fought till destroyed or converted if they refused — and they accepted, saying 'since it is no jizya like the jizya of foreigners, we accept and keep our religion'; the treaty bound them not to baptize a child nor coerce one into their faith — Dawud ibn Kurdus holding they therefore had no dhimma, meaning they baptized in their faith — and Ali would say 'were I free to deal with Banu Taghlib I should have my way: kill their fighters and take their children captive, for they broke the covenant, their dhimma lapsing when they Christianized their children'; Umar sent Ziyad ibn Hudayr al-Asadi to take of them a half-tithe of their wealth, forbidding him to tithe a Muslim or a kharaj-paying dhimmi; Uthman ordered only gold and silver accepted of them until word came that Umar had taken double-sadaqa, whereupon he retracted; al-Zuhri held there is no sadaqa on the People of the Book's herds save the Christian Taghlib; and Sufyan al-Thawri, al-Awza'i, Malik ibn Anas, Ibn Abi Dhi'b, Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf all hold that the Taghlibi pays double what a Muslim pays on his land, livestock and wealth — the Iraqis taking double-sadaqa from the minor and the incompetent's land but nothing of their livestock, the Hijazis from both — all agreeing that what is taken of Taghlib's wealth is disposed as kharaj-money, being a substitute for jizya. - واقعہ
ملك شمس الدولة زبيد ودخول اليمن
تقریباً جنوری 1174 عیسوی · تقریباً 1 رجب 569 ھRajab 569 (early 1174): with Nur al-Din's leave — for Abd al-Nabi of Zabid had cut the Abbasid khutba — Shams al-Dawla Turanshah marched from Egypt via Mecca, routed Abd al-Nabi outside Zabid, scaled its wall and sacked the town, taking him and his wife al-Hurra prisoner; Zabid submitted and the Abbasid khutba was proclaimed — the first move of the Ayyubid conquest of Yemen, urged on by the Yemeni poet Umara at Cairo. - واقعہ
كارثة عبيد الله بن أبي بكرة الثانية
Under al-Hajjaj, Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra returned to Sijistan — bewildered, weakened, the land barren — marched near Kabul, where the enemy seized a defile on him and Rutbil closed in. He truced for five hundred thousand dirhams, three sons as hostages — Nahar, al-Hajjaj, and Abu Bakra — and a writ not to raid while he governed. Shurayh ibn Hani' al-Harithi counselled: 'fear God and fight, else you weaken Islam on this frontier and flee the death that is your lot' — they fought; Shurayh charged and fell; the army escaped spent through Bust's mafaza where many died of thirst and hunger; Ubaydallah died of grief for what befell the people — some say an ear illness — leaving his son Abu Bardha'a in command. - واقعہ
حملة عبيد الله بن زياد على بيكند
On Ziyad's death Mu'awiya gave Khurasan to his son Ubaydallah, twenty-five years old; he crossed the river with twenty-four thousand and came on Baykand while the Khatun held Bukhara's city — her summons brought a Turkish swarm the Muslims routed, and as they laid waste she sued for peace and aman: a million dirhams, and he entered the city, taking Ramadin and Baykand, two farsakhs apart and Ramadin her dependency. It is said he also took the Saghaniyan, and brought Bukhara folk to Basra on stipends. - واقعہ
تنصّر عبيد الله بن جحش بأرض الحبشة
Ibn Ishaq says: Ubaydullah ibn Jahsh went out with the Muslims emigrating to Abyssinia, and when he arrived he became a Christian, left Islam and died there a Christian; the Prophet afterwards married his wife Umm Habiba bint Abi Sufyan. The book does not date the event. - واقعہ
القتال على لواء المشركين في أحد وإبادة حمَلَتِه
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھThe weight of the battle circled the polytheists' standard, which was carried by the Banu Abd al-Dar. The first to bear it, Talha ibn Abi Talha, was killed by al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. The Banu Abd al-Dar carried it in turn until they were wiped out: Uthman, Abu Sa'd, Artat, Shurayh, Abu Zayd ibn Abd Manaf, Ibn Sharhabil and others. Last to carry it was an Abyssinian slave named Sawab, who fought until his hands were cut off and fell upon it with his chest until he was killed. The standard fell to the ground with none left to bear it. - واقعہ
دفن شهداء أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھThe Messenger of God looked over the martyrs and said: 'I am witness over these.' He ordered that anyone who had carried a slain man back to Medina return him, and that they be buried where they fell, in their clothes, the iron and leather removed, unwashed; two or three were laid in one grave, the one who had taken most of the Qur'an placed first. Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Haram and Amr ibn al-Jamuh were buried together for the love between them. They looked for Hanzala and found him dripping water; the Prophet said the angels were washing him, and he was called the angels' washed. Among the martyrs they found Mus'ab ibn Umayr, for whom no shroud was found but a striped cloak. - واقعہ
انسحاب المنافقين يوم أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھOn the road to Uhud, when the army was near al-Shawt, Abdullah ibn Ubayy broke away and withdrew with some three hundred fighters on the pretext that the Messenger had rejected his advice to stay in Medina. This withdrawal revealed for the first time the hypocrisy that had been hidden. The Banu Haritha of the Aws and Banu Salama of the Khazraj wavered toward going back, then held firm by God's help; Abdullah ibn Haram, Jabir's father, tried to turn the hypocrites back and they refused. - واقعہ
الدفاع عن رسول الله في أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھAfter the wheeling manoeuvre only nine men remained with the Prophet at the rear. Utba ibn Abi Waqqas threw stones at him; his lower right incisor was broken and his lip wounded. Abdullah ibn Qami'a struck his cheek with a sword so that two rings of the helmet sank into it. In the hardest moment Talha ibn Ubaydullah and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas stood with him and shielded him. Sa'd shot until his quiver was emptied; Talha fought like eleven men until his fingers were cut and he bore thirty-five or thirty-nine wounds. Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah pulled the two helmet rings from his cheek with his front teeth. Abu Dujana shielded him with his back from the arrows. Umm Umara Nusayba bint Ka'b defended him until she took twelve wounds. - واقعہ
تعبئة الجيش الإسلامي عند أحد وتعيين فصيلة الرماة
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھThe Prophet halted with seven hundred fighters in the gorge of Mount Uhud, facing Medina with his back to the mountain — the best position on the field. He picked fifty skilled archers under Abdullah ibn Jubayr ibn al-Nu'man al-Ansari al-Awsi and posted them on a small hill southeast of the camp known as the Archers' Hill, ordering them not to leave their position in victory or defeat, and told their commander: 'keep the cavalry off us with your arrows so they cannot come at us from behind.' He put al-Mundhir ibn Amr on the right wing and al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam on the left, supported by al-Miqdad. - واقعہ
حركة الالتفاف التي نفّذها خالد بن الوليد في أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھWhen the Muslims' backs were left bare of archers, Khalid ibn al-Walid wheeled with lightning speed to the rear of the Muslim army and wiped out Abdullah ibn Jubayr and his nine companions on the hill, then fell on the Muslims from behind. Hearing the cry of Khalid's cavalry, the polytheists turned back on the Muslims. A woman named Umra bint Alqama al-Harithiyya raised the fallen polytheist standard and they rallied around it. The Muslims were trapped between Khalid's horse behind them and Quraysh's army returning from the front. - واقعہ
استشهاد حمزة بن عبد المطلب في أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھHamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib was fighting in the open like a grey camel, sweeping the ranks aside. Wahshi ibn Harb, an Abyssinian slave of Jubayr ibn Mut'im, lay in wait behind a tree or rock; Jubayr had promised Wahshi his freedom if he killed Hamza in revenge for his uncle Tu'ayma ibn Adi, slain at Badr. 'I shook my spear until I was satisfied, then hurled it at him; it struck his flank and came out between his legs'. Wahshi finished him and returned to Mecca and was freed. Then Hind bint Utba came and cut open his liver and chewed it but could not swallow it. - واقعہ
المجلس الاستشاري وتجهيز الجيش لأحد
22 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 6 شوال 3 ھWhen news of the Quraysh army heading for Medina reached the Prophet he held a senior war council. His view was to stay in Medina and fight the polytheists through the alleys, and Abdullah ibn Ubayy agreed; but the young Companions who had missed Badr pressed to march out until he yielded. The Prophet put on his armour and girt his sword, then divided his army into three battalions: the Muhajirun under the banner of Mus'ab ibn Umayr, the Aws under Usayd ibn Hudayr, and the Khazraj under al-Hubab ibn al-Mundhir. - واقعہ
التوزيع التكتيكي لجيش المسلمين في أحد
مارچ 625 عیسوی · شوال 3 ھThe distribution of forces on the right and left wings, and the appointment of fifty archers on the Archers' Hill to protect the army's rear. - واقعہ
الانسحاب المنظم إلى شعب الجبل في أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھWhen about thirty Companions had gathered around the Prophet he began an orderly withdrawal into the mountain gorge, cutting a path through the attacking polytheists. During the retreat he killed Ubayy ibn Khalaf with his own hand. The polytheists made a last attempt to climb the mountain under Abu Sufyan and Khalid, and Umar and a party of the Muhajirun fought until they drove them down. The Messenger of God settled in the gorge, where Fatima washed his wound and cauterised it with a burnt mat to stop the bleeding. Muhammad ibn Maslama brought fresh water from which the Prophet drank and prayed for him; he prayed the noon prayer sitting, from the effect of his wounds. - واقعہ
فرائض عمر في العطاء
The diwan, written in 20h, opened with Banu Hashim, nearest to the Prophet first, sabiqa breaking kin-ties — and for the Ansar 'begin with Sa'd ibn Mu'adh's rah t of Aws'. Abu Bakr had made shares equal; Umar refused — 'I will not make who fought the Prophet like who fought with him': five thousand a year for every Badr man, allies and mawali equal; four thousand for Badr-like Islam, Abyssinia-migrants and Uhud-men; two thousand for Badris' sons, save Hasan and Husayn joined to their father's five thousand for kinship; al-Abbas five or seven thousand; above all, the Prophet's wives twelve thousand, Juwayriya and Safiyya joined. Umar ibn Abi Salama got four thousand — 'I favor his nearness: bring me a mother like Umm Salama' — and Usama ibn Zayd four thousand to Abdallah ibn Umar's three: 'he was dearer to the Prophet than you, his father dearer than yours'. The rest by rank, Qur'an and jihad; Yemen and Qays folk from two thousand to none below three hundred — 'were the wealth great I'd give each man four thousand: a thousand for travel, a thousand for arms, a thousand left home, a thousand for horse and shoe' — stipends for muhajirat women, a hundred for the exposed infant rising at weaning, a hundred and monthly keep for every foundling, suckling and upkeep on the bayt al-mal. - واقعہ
خواص فرائض عمر وعدله في العطاء
Yazid ibn Abi Habib: Umar set Amr ibn al-As at two hundred as amir, Umayr ibn Wahb al-Jumahi at two hundred for his patience in want, Busr ibn Abi Artat at two hundred as a man of conquest — 'many a conquest God wrought by his hand' — and wrote Amr to set the Tree-pledgers at two hundred, take that himself as amir, and put Kharija ibn Hudhafa in sharaf al-ata' for his courage. A governor who paid Arabs and left mawali got his letter: 'it suffices a man for evil to scorn his Muslim brother'; Ammar ibn Yasir's stipend was six thousand, Salman's four, Hurmuzan's two. When the diwan was laid down Abu Sufyan ibn Harb said 'a diwan like Banu al-Asfar's — pay them and they will lean on it and leave trade'; Umar: 'it must be — the Muslims have grown'. Stipends went to the dahqans too — Nahr al-Malik's, Ibn al-Nukhayrajan, Khalid and Jamil sons of Busubuhri, Sistam ibn Tarisi of Babil and Khutarniya, al-Rufayl of al-Al, and Ju'ayfina al-Abadi at a thousand each — and his letter to the jund-commanders attached every freed Hamra' convert to his mawali 'theirs what is theirs, on them what is on them', or formed them into a tribe equal in stipend. Abu Ubayda refused the badia till the hadara were provided, Umar II wrote the same to Yazid ibn Husayn, and Umar gave Mecca's people no stipend and sent them on no expedition. - واقعہ
إنكار عمر وفاة النبي وكلمة أبي بكر
8 جون 632 عیسوی · 12 ربیع الاول 11 ھWhen the Prophet died, Umar stood up and said that some hypocrites claimed he had died, that he had not died but had gone to his Lord as Moses did, and would return to cut off the hands and feet of men who said he was dead. Abu Bakr came, uncovered the Prophet's face and kissed him, then went out and said: whoever worshipped Muhammad, Muhammad has died; whoever worshipped God, God lives and does not die; and recited the verse about the messengers. Umar said that when he heard Abu Bakr recite it he collapsed, knowing the Prophet was dead. - واقعہ
عزل عمر النعمان بن عدي عن ميسان
634 اور 644 کے درمیان عیسویIbn Ishaq relates that Umar ibn al-Khattab appointed al-Nu'man ibn Adi over Maysan in the Basra region, then dismissed him when verses attributed to him reached Umar. Al-Nu'man excused himself that he was a poet saying what poets say, and Umar answered that he would never employ him again as long as he lived. - واقعہ
أمانة عمر في الفيء
Umar wrote Hudhayfa to pay the people their rizq; 'done — and much remains' came the answer, and his: 'it is theirs — the fay' God gave them — not Umar's nor Al Umar's — divide it among them'. Abu Hurayra brought five hundred thousand from Bahrayn — 'much money has come: shall we count it or weigh it?' — and a man said 'I have seen these Ajam keep a diwan they pay the people by'; so Umar wrote the diwan: first Muhajirun five thousand, Ansar four thousand, the Prophet's wives twelve thousand. 'It is their right — had it been Khattab-money I'd not have given it, but I know there is surplus: let each stipend buy sheep for his sawad, then rams, till his children hold a substance' — and 'I counsel whom God charges: the Prophet said who dies cheating his flock will not smell paradise'. Every newborn, boy or girl, was registered for a hundred and two jaribs a month. - واقعہ
مساحة عمر بن هبيرة للقطائع
Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik wrote Umar ibn Hubayra: 'the Commander of the Faithful holds no share in Arab land — go through the grants and take their surplus for me'; Umar walked each qati'a asking its owner how he held it, till one answered 'we inherited them from truthful fathers, and when we die our sons inherit' — the people cried out, and he stopped. - واقعہ
إسقاط الجزية عمن أسلم في عهد عمر بن عبد العزيز
99 ھ - واقعہ
إصلاح أحوال السجون في عهد عمر بن عبد العزيز
99 ھ - واقعہ
حكم جميع بن حاضر في وفود سمرقند
Under Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz a Samarqand delegation charged that Qutayba had entered their city and settled Muslims on treachery; Umar ordered his governor to set a qadi over the claim — Jumay' ibn Hadir al-Baji ruled the Muslims must leave unless the city fight them on even terms — and the Samarqandis, loath to fight, confirmed the Muslims, who stayed among them. - واقعہ
دعوة عمر الثاني ملوك ما وراء النهر وغزو ابن معمر
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz wrote the kings beyond the river summoning them to Islam — some converted. His Khurasan governor al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah al-Hakami jailed Mukhallad ibn Yazid and Yazid's agents, and sent Abdallah ibn Ma'mar al-Yashkuri deep into enemy lands till he neared China; the Turks surrounded him till he ransomed free and reached al-Shash. Umar lifted kharaj from Khurasan's converts. - واقعہ
من سياسة عمر وأحكامه
When Umar appointed an official he registered his wealth, and halved the fortunes of wronging governors — a half to the treasury, a half to them. Long he ate nothing of the fisc till want touched him; he asked the Companions and Ali said 'lunch and supper' — he took that. His letter: no army or raiding amir shall flog a hadd far from the route, lest Satan's zeal carry him to the unbelievers. 'This matter stands only on a firmness without despotism and a gentleness without weakness'. A woman came: 'my husband prays all night and fasts all day' — 'well praised' — Ka'b ibn Suwar: 'she complains — she says he gives her no share' — 'then judge between them: God allowed him four women — she has a day of every four days and a night of every four nights'. And sixteen dinars spent on his hajj — 'Abdallah, we have been extravagant with this money'. - واقعہ
نظام الأرزاق الشهرية لعمر
Umar had a jarib of food kneaded and baked and oiled — thirty men ate lunch from it, and the same at supper — 'two jaribs a month suffice a man', and so each man, woman and mamluk drew two jaribs monthly; a man would curse his fellow 'may God lift your two jaribs' — death cut them — 'and that is on tongues to this day'. Abu al-Darda' counted 'rightly-guided sunnas Umar granted the umma — among them the two mudds and the two qists'; on the minbar, mudd and qist in hand: 'we run your stipends and your rizq every month — for every Muslim soul each month a mudd, a qist of oil, a qist of vinegar' — 'and the slave?' — 'yes, and the slave'. For dependents he set the fighters' households and their descendants at tens; Uthman and his governors kept it and made it heritable to non-stipended heirs till Umar II, who heard Sulayman ibn Habib's account, disliked the inheritance — 'cut it and generalize the stipend' — 'I fear they will imitate your cutting and not your generalizing' — 'truly said', and he left them. The newborn drew ten; Mu'awiya deferred it to the weanling; Abd al-Malik cut it save whom he willed — and 'do not hasten weaning your children: we stipend every newborn in Islam'. - واقعہ
خطبة عمر الجمعة في آية الرجم وبيعة أبي بكر
تقریباً 12 جون 632 عیسوی · تقریباً ربیع الاول 11 ھOn the first Friday after the death Umar recalled a verse of stoning, which he said had been in God's book and had been recited, memorised and applied, and feared that someone might say there is no stoning in God's book; he then called the pledge to Abu Bakr a sudden act that God had averted the harm of, and said whoever pledges to a man without consultation has no pledge, nor has the one he pledged to. - واقعہ
ولاية أمية بن عبد الله خراسان وقتل بكير
Khurasan split between Bukayr's party and Bujayr's until its notables wrote Abd al-Malik that only a Qurashi could mend it — Umayya ibn Abdallah ibn Khalid was sent, gave Bukayr Tukharistan then the trans-river campaigns, and planned Bukhara then Musa at Tirmidh. Bukayr raced to Marw, seized Umayya's son, called the people to depose him; forewarned, Umayya truced Bukhara cheaply, took ships Bukayr had burned, returned and fought him, then truced him any district he chose — but hearing he still plotted, had him seized at his house and imprisoned, where Bujayr ibn Waraqa leapt on him and killed him. Umayya campaigned al-Khattl, broken since Sa'id ibn Uthman's sulh, and took it. - واقعہ
عمرة النبي من الجعرانة
فروری 630 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 8 ھAfter completing the distribution of spoils, the Prophet entered the state of ihram from al-Ji'rana by night, entered Mecca to perform the rites of Umrah, confirmed Attab ibn Asid as governor of Mecca, and departed back to Medina in Dhu al-Qa'dah 8 AH. - واقعہ
عمرة القضاء
تقریباً مارچ 629 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 7 ھIn Dhu al-Qa'da 7 AH (March 629 CE), fulfilling the treaty of Hudaybiyya, the Prophet and 2,000 Muslims entered Mecca unarmed to perform Umrah while Quraysh watched from the hills; the Prophet married Maymuna bint al-Harith and the demonstration of Muslim devotion profoundly shifted Meccan sentiment, leading to the conversions of Khalid ibn al-Walid, Amr ibn al-As, and Uthman ibn Talha. - واقعہ
خنق عقبة بن أبي معيط للنبي في الحجر
Uqba ibn Abi Mu'it put his garment around the Prophet's neck while he prayed by the Kaaba and choked him severely; Abu Bakr seized his shoulders, pushed him away and said: Will you kill a man for saying 'My Lord is God'? - واقعہ
إسلام ملك العسيفان
At al-Usayfan between Kashmir, Multan and Kabul, a king begged his idol's sadins to pray for his sick son — they claimed its answer, the boy died, and he demolished the shrine, broke the idol, slew the sadins — then summoned Muslim merchants who taught him tawhid, and he converted under al-Mu'tasim. - واقعہ
تعاقب العشر والخراج على أراضي الفرات
Euphrates lands whose holders surrendered them when the Muslims entered, or which passed to Muslim hands as gifts, were made ushr-lands; they had been kharaj — al-Hajjaj returned them to kharaj, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz to sadaqa, Umar ibn Hubayra back to kharaj, Hisham part to sadaqa, and al-Mahdi at last made them all sadaqa-lands. - واقعہ
خبيص عتبة بن فرقد
Umar sent his Azerbaijan governor Utba ibn Farqad a hamper of khabis-sweets among the felt-rolls; Utba asked if it was money, then had it sent back. Utba later made two baskets of khabis wrapped in hides and felt, sent by his mawla Suhaym — Umar tasted, 'fine indeed; did the Emigrants eat their fill of it? It is yours alone' — and wrote back: 'it is not your toil nor your mother's nor your father's; eat nothing but what fills the Muslims in their camps'. - واقعہ
مساومة عتبة بن ربيعة
تقریباً 616 عیسویAfter the conversions of Hamza and Umar, Utba ibn Rabi'a volunteered to offer Muhammad wealth, leadership and kingship if he would abandon his call; the Prophet listened to the end, then recited the opening of sura Fussilat down to its prostration, and Utba went back urging Quraysh to leave the man be. - واقعہ
إنفاق عثمان على جيش العسرة
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھThe Prophet urged the wealthy to spend and provide mounts in God's path, and men among them did. Uthman ibn Affan spent a vast sum such as no one else spent, in Ibn Ishaq's account; Ibn Hisham adds, from 'one who is trusted', that it was a thousand dinars and that the Prophet said: God, be pleased with Uthman, for I am pleased with him. - واقعہ
غارة عثمان بن أبي العاص على تانه والهند
In 15h Umar gave Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi Bahrayn and Uman; he sent brother al-Hakam to Bahrayn and from Uman detached troops to Tana — Umar's answer was the famous 'ya akha Thaqif, you set worms upon wood; had they been struck I'd have taken their like from your people'. Al-Hakam sent to Barus, and brother al-Mughira to the Daybul creek, where he met the enemy and prevailed. - واقعہ
بيعة وكيع بن حسان على قتيبة
Qutayba preached his ihsan, their scant loyalty, and warned of the Ajam he had raised over them — they resolved on war and gave no answer. Al-Hudayn ibn al-Mundhir refused their leadership and pointed them to Waki' ibn Hassan ibn Qays ibn Abi Sud of Tamim — 'none else can bear it: a rough Arab whose tribe obeys him, a Tamimi; and Qutayba slew the Banu al-Ahtham, who seek their blood'. They sought him out, he gave his hand, and they swore him bay'a — Hayyan, Maslama's mawla, having gone between them. - واقعہ
حكم وكيع بن حسان خراسان تسعة أشهر
Waki' held Khurasan sole; Sulayman meant to confirm him but was told fitna raises him and the jama'a lowers him — too rough, too bedouin, a man who called for a basin and urinated in public. Nine months till Yazid ibn al-Muhallab came appointed; Mukhallad his son called Waki' to account — 'yield God's wealth' — 'was I God's treasurer?' — and jailed him. Mukhallad took al-Buttam, left when they breached, then wheeled back and entered it with Jahm ibn Zahr, who took wealth and golden idols — Buttam's folk trace their mawla-status to him. - واقعہ
مجلس الوليد بن المغيرة
تقریباً 613 عیسویWith the pilgrimage season approaching, Quraysh's leaders sat with al-Walid ibn al-Mughira to agree one word to say to the Arabs about Muhammad; he rejected 'soothsayer', 'madman', 'poet' and even 'sorcerer' as literal descriptions, then advised them to call his word sorcery that separates a man from his family — and they sat on the pilgrims' roads warning people of him. - واقعہ
وقعة الحرة
تقریباً 683 عیسوی · 63 ھIn year 63 the Medinese deposed Yazid and rose against him for his excesses — Abdullah ibn Hanzala, son of the Ghassil, said 'we did not march out until we feared stones raining from heaven'. Yazid sent a dense army with orders to fight them then march on Mecca against Ibn al-Zubayr; the battle of the Harra fell on Medina's very gate — 'by God, scarcely one escaped', said al-Hasan; many Companions and others were killed, the city was pillaged, a thousand maidens violated, and the slain of Quraysh and the Ansar numbered three hundred and six. - واقعہ
وقعة السودان بين القصرين
تقریباً اگست 1169 عیسوی · تقریباً 1 ذوالقعدہ 564 ھDhu al-Qa'da 564 (1169): after Saladin executed Mu'tamin al-Khilafa — the Fatimid palace eunuch caught corresponding with the Franks — and set Baha al-Din Qaraqush over the palace, the Sudanese troops of Cairo, over fifty thousand strong out of solidarity, rose against the Salahiyya regiments and fought them between the two palaces; Saladin had their Mansura quarter burned over their families, they broke, took safe-conduct out of Egypt, and Turanshah destroyed the remnant at Giza — the end of the Fatimid army. - واقعہ
قتل الباطنية بواسط
مئی 1205 عیسوی · رمضان 601 ھRamadan 601: Wasit turned on its Batini cell — when a carpenter killed the soap-seller who answered him harshly over the creed, the crowd lynched every Batini they found, stormed the missionary Ibn Asiyya's fortified house from the rooftops, slew him and burned it; the notable Fakhr al-Din ibn Amsina came down from Baghdad to quiet the fitna. - واقعہ
فتنة الشيعة والسنة بواسط
1015 عیسوی · 406 ھ406–407: Wasit's confessional war burned out the Shi'i and Zaydi quarters and drove their notables and Alawids into exile — they fled to Banu Mazyad begging his aid, an early sign of the Mazyadids' rise as patrons of the Alawids. - واقعہ
ماء وادي المشقق
اکتوبر 630 عیسوی · رجب 9 ھOn the road was a trickle of water in a valley called Wadi al-Mushaqqaq, enough only for a rider or two. The Prophet forbade anyone to reach it before him; some of the 'hypocrites' went ahead and drew what was in it, and he cursed them and prayed against them. He then placed his hand beneath the trickle, the water gushed forth, and the people drank. - واقعہ
مباهلة يحيى العلوي وعبد الله بن مصعب
تقریباً 791 عیسوی · 175 ھIn year 175 Abdallah ibn Mus'ab al-Zubayri slandered Yahya ibn Abdallah the Alid before al-Rashid, claiming Yahya had invited him to revolt; Yahya challenged him to mutual imprecation in the caliph's presence, entwining hands: 'Say — O God, if You know Yahya did not call me to rebel against this Commander of the Faithful, abandon me to my own power and scourge me with Your punishment.' The Zubayrid faltered, spoke it, Yahya spoke likewise — and the Zubayrid died that very day. - واقعہ
يوم بُعاث
تقریباً 617 عیسوی · 6 قبل ہجرتThe last and greatest of the Aws–Khazraj wars before Islam, about five years before the Hijra on the soundest view; before it ran the war of Mutaymir, the war of Ka'b ibn 'Amr, the day of al-Sarara and the day of al-Dayk — al-Samhudi adds the day of Fari', the two Fijar wars, and the wars of Hudayr ibn al-Aslat and Hatib ibn Qays — until al-Khattabi reports a tradition that war stood between them a hundred and twenty years to Islam. They fought at Bu'ath, a site at the head of Qawra, after the long-bested Aws allied with Qurayza and al-Nadir — its earlier bid for a Quraysh pact at Mecca having been dissolved by a ruse Ibn Shabba ascribes to al-Walid ibn al-Mughira — and some of its clans withdrew about a year to Khaybar. When the Khazraj boasted of victory and seized the Jews' hostages, the war was joined. Both chiefs fell: Hudayr 'al-Kata'ib', father of Usayd, for the Aws, and 'Amr ibn al-Nu'man al-Bayadi for the Khazraj — 'Abdallah ibn Ubayy had warned him he would be borne off slain, and four men carried him in as foretold; the rout first fell on the Khazraj until Hudayr rallied the Aws to victory, and Sa'd ibn Mu'adh escaped under 'Amr ibn al-Jamuh's protection; in the Sahih 'A'isha says 'the day of Bu'ath was a day God sent ahead of His Messenger for their entering Islam — he came when their assembly had scattered and their chiefs been slain', a report al-Samhudi also transmits in her chapter. - واقعہ
غزو يزيد بن المهلب جرجان
Sulayman gave Yazid ibn al-Muhallab Iraq; bound for Khurasan he met Sul al-Turki on the road, took the caliph's leave to raid him — Jilan and Sariya — then besieged him in Dihistan, cut his supplies, and accepted his treaty: safe self, property and household for the city — and kept faith, while killing fourteen thousand Turks, though Abu Ubayda reports Sul slain. Jurjan paid him Sa'id's tribute, breached, and Jahm ibn Zahr retook it — one account has a hundred and twenty thousand in his host against the fired-brick wall the Turks had seized, one end in the sea; he found Sul at al-Buhayra, besieged him six months and treated him out with three hundred of his household. When Jurjan breached again its marzban fortified at Wajah among thickets — seven months, mangonels, then an informer's path and hide-ladders; Jahm swore 'if I am spared life, let me not be spared death', the gate-keepers fell, and the enemy knew only the takbir behind them — the captives driven to Wadi Jurjan were slaughtered till the blood ran, and Yazid built Madinat Jurjan. - واقعہ
مغازي يزيد بن المهلب وخلافة المفضل
The Muhallab's son Yazid succeeded, campaigning widely — al-Buttam opened by his own son Mukhallad. Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Abbas ibn Rabi'a of Abd al-Muttalib's house, fleeing with Ibn al-Ash'ath's remnant, reached Herat, killed al-Ruqad al-Mutakki and levied kharaj; Yazid beat him, forbade pursuit, and the Hashimi fled to Sind. On Yazid's Khwarizm raid the troops wore the captives' clothes and perished of cold. Then al-Hajjaj gave Khurasan to al-Mufaddal ibn al-Muhallab, who retook breached Badghis, Shuman and others, dividing the spoils. - واقعہ
عام الوفود
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھIn the ninth year after the Hijra, delegations from tribes across Arabia came to Medina to accept Islam or make agreements. - واقعہ
عام الحزن
تقریباً 619 عیسویThe tenth year of prophethood in which the Prophet's protective uncle Abu Talib and his supportive wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid passed away within a short span. - واقعہ
عام الفيل ومولد النبي
تقریباً اپریل 571 عیسویThe traditional year of the Prophet Muhammad's birth in Mecca — Monday 9 Rabi' I of the Year of the Elephant, given in the book as 20 or 22 April 571 CE. - واقعہ
نهب عسكر اليمن مكة سنة 620هـ
1223 عیسوی · 620 ھ620: al-Malik al-Mas'ud Atsiz ibn al-Kamil — the Ayyubid sultan of Yemen — reached Mecca, whose new sharif Hasan ibn Qatada had alienated his father's ashraf and mamluks; the army plundered the sanctuary 'until they took the clothes off people and beggared them'. Atsiz ordered Qatada's grave exhumed and burnt — and the coffin proved empty, exposing that Hasan had secretly buried the father he had strangled. Ibn al-Athir moralises: he lost this world and the next for the kingship he killed for. - واقعہ
عطاء زينب بنت جحش ودعاؤها
When the stipends issued Umar sent Zaynab bint Jahsh hers; 'God forgive Umar — my sisters were worthier of sharing this than I' — 'it is all yours' — she veiled it with cloth, had Barza bint Rafi' take fistfuls to her kinsfolk and orphans till five hundred and eighty remained beneath, and prayed: 'God, let no stipend of Umar's reach me past this year' — and she died. Ibn Shihab's register: twelve thousand to the consummated wives, six each to Juwayriya and Safiyya as fay'-born, five thousand to Muhajir Badris, four to Ansari Badris, sarih and halif and mawla equal; Mus'ab ibn Sa'd's: six thousand Badris, ten thousand the mothers, Aisha plus two thousand for the Prophet's love; and of their five Ajam, Tamim al-Dari and Bilal. 'If I live to next year I will set the humblest Muhajirun at two thousand'. - واقعہ
تقسيم زياد أعمال خراسان سنة ٤٥
Governor of Basra in 45h, Ziyad divided Khurasan's commands: Umair ibn al-Ahmar over Marw — the first to settle the Arabs there — Khulayd ibn Abdallah al-Hanafi over Abarshahr, Qays ibn al-Haytham over Marw al-Rudh, Talaqan and Faryab, Nafi' ibn Khalid al-Tahi of the Azd over Herat, Badghis and Bushanj, and Qadis of the Anwaran. - واقعہ
قطع الزط ومحاربة عجيف لهم
Al-Hajjaj settled a mass of Sind's Zutt — families, children and buffaloes — in Kaskar's lowlands; they overran the batiha and bred, joined by runaway slaves and the Bahila and Khawla mawlas of Muhammad ibn Sulayman ibn Ali, who egged them to highway robbery and open defiance. In al-Ma'mun's days travellers avoided them and Baghdad lost all Basra shipping; al-Mu'tasim devoted himself to them, charging the Khurasani Ujayf ibn Anbasa with open funds — he staged lean tailed horses between the bata'ih and Baghdad so word reached him within hours — and Ujayf dammed the water against them with great works till not one escaped, barged them to Baghdad and scattered them: some at Khaniqin, the rest to Ayn Zarba and the frontier. - واقعہ
نقل الزط إلى سواحل الشام
Mu'awiya transferred a company of the old Zutt and Sayabija to Syria's coasts and Antioch; al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik moved more Zutt to Antioch and its region. - نمائش
الهجرتان إلى الحبشة
A short lesson on the first departure from Mecca: why they went to Abyssinia, who sheltered them, what happened there and how they returned, with the differing accounts of their return. - نمائش
من الخصومة إلى الإسلام: من غيّروا موقفهم
A trail through twelve places in the stories of those who opposed the call in Mecca and then entered Islam, from Umar to the Muslims of the conquest, and then the category of 'those whose hearts were to be reconciled'. - نمائش
سيرة النبي: من الفيل إلى الوفاة
A trail through the Prophet Muhammad's life in twelve stations: his birth in the Year of the Elephant, the revelation in the cave of Hira, the Aqaba pledges, the Hijra, the building of Medina, Badr, Uhud and the Trench, Hudaybiyya, the conquest of Mecca, the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Year of Delegations, and the passing — as the museum's pages tell them in order. - نمائش
العهد المكي: من الغار إلى الهجرة
A chronological trail through the years of the call in Mecca, from the descent of the revelation in the cave of Hira to the Hijra, in twelve events ordered as they unfolded. - نمائش
النساء حول النبي: اثنتا عشرة سيرة
A trail through the lives of twelve women from the Prophet's circle — from the steadfast in Mecca to the emigrants, the fighters and the Mothers of the Believers — known by what has been transmitted of them. - گروہ
الدعوة العباسية
The Abbasid da'wa — the clandestine hierarchy around the Hashimite imam: twelve naqibs who alone knew the imam's identity, their nazirs, seventy du'at, sub-du'at and 'ummal down to secret cells in every garrison town, preaching equality and 'the acceptable one of the house of Muhammad'. - گروہ
عبد القيس
A tribe of Rabi'a settled in Bahrayn; al-Jarud came in its delegation to the Prophet in the Year of Delegations and he and his companions embraced Islam, and before the conquest of Mecca the Prophet had sent al-Ala' ibn al-Hadrami to al-Mundhir ibn Sawa al-Abdi, who converted; after the Prophet's death some of its converts reverted with al-Gharur ibn al-Mundhir and al-Jarud called them back. Later sources record an earlier delegation in 5 AH. - گروہ
عدنان (العرب المستعربة)
The lineage called the Arabized Arabs: tracing to Ismail ibn Ibrahim, also called Adnani; from it come Rabiʾa and Mudar, and through them Quraysh and the tribes of the Hijaz and Najd. - گروہ
عدوان
The tribe that held the right to lead the pilgrims from Jam' (Muzdalifa) to Mina on the morning of the sacrifice under Khuza'a's rule, one of the three prerogatives kept by Mudar; Qusayy confirmed it in its office, regarding it as religion not to be changed. - گروہ
أهل البيت
'The People of the House' — the Prophet's household: the family around whom the deepest loyalties and the deepest split in Islamic history would form. - گروہ
عك
The Yemeni tribe holding the lower wadi against Ghassan above it — their war over the ostrich and the milk's richness one of the Days of the Arabs, fought with trackers reading shade on the camels. - گروہ
العرب البائدة
The first of the historians’ three divisions of the Arabs: the ancient peoples of whom little survives, such as Ad, Thamud, Tasm, Jadis and the Amaliq. - گروہ
الأوس
Son of Haritha ibn Tha'laba ibn Muzayqiya — routed with his brother Khazraj to palm-rich Yathrib by the kahin's riddle, having shared in the Ghassan naming before the dispersal. - گروہ
الأزد
A Kahlani Qahtani tribe that migrated from Yemen under Imran ibn Amr Muzayqiya; its branches dispersed to Yathrib (the Aws and Khazraj through Thaʾlaba), Mecca (Khuzaʾa), Oman, and al-Sham (Jafna, ancestor of the Ghassanids). - گروہ
الخزرج
Son of Haritha ibn Tha'laba ibn Muzayqiya — settled with his brother Aws in Yathrib at the kahin's word, of those who once bore the Ghassan name. - گروہ
التجار الراذنية
The Radhanite Jewish merchants of Ibn Khurdadhbih's register — speakers of Arabic, Persian, Greek, Frankish, Andalusi and Slavonic who travelled from East to West and back by land and sea, carrying slaves, brocade, beaver and sable furs and swords from Francia through Farama, across the twenty-five-farsakh portage to Qulzum, and down the eastern sea past al-Jar and Jeddah to Sind, India and China, returning with musk, aloes, camphor and cinnamon; their overland route ran al-Andalus–Tangier–Ifriqiya–Egypt–Ramla–Damascus–Kufa–Baghdad–Basra–Ahwaz–Fars–Kirman–Sind–India–China, with a northern alternative through the Slavs' lands to Khamlij the Khazar capital, the Caspian, Balkh and beyond the Oxus. - گروہ
الروس
The Rus as Ibn Khurdadhbih records them — a people of the Saqaliba whose merchants carry beaver and black-fox pelts and swords from farthest Slav-land to the Roman sea, paying a tithe to its lord; or down the Slavs' river past Khamlij, the Khazar capital, paying its lord likewise, then out onto the Caspian — five hundred farsakhs across — and sometimes bearing their goods overland from Jurjan by camel to Baghdad, using Slavic interpreters and professing Christianity so as to pay jizya. - گروہ
العماليق
Descendants of 'Amaliq ibn Lawdh who settled the sanctuary's borders and Tihama — some pressing on to Egypt and the Maghrib where one report makes them some of Egypt's pharaohs, another deriving them from Esau — their remnant later set by Rome over east Syria, the west and the Jazira, among them Udhayna ibn al-Sumayda' of al-A'sha's verse. - گروہ
الأندغار
The Andaghar — a people of the Kirman side toward Sijistan; they converted in the asawira's wake and were lodged at Basra with the Sayabija and Zutt. - گروہ
أنمار بن نزار
Son of Nizar allotted the coin-bag and council-seat — read as tillage and land — who named the lost camel tailless from its droppings; after putting out Mudar's eye he rode to Yemen, whence Bajila and Khath'am claim descent. - گروہ
الأنصار
'The Helpers' — the Muslims of Medina, of Aws and Khazraj, who invited the Prophet to their city, sheltered the refugees, and supplied the community's fighting strength. - گروہ
الأساورة
Persian cavalrymen who entered Islam en bloc at the conquest; in al-Baladhuri they lived opposite Daylam and converted when the Muslims came to Qazwin on the terms of Basra's asawira, then settled at Kufa, joined there by those of Hamra' Daylam whom Ziyad moved to Basra. - گروہ
أسلم
A tribe; Ibn Ishaq has Abu Ruhm say that a party of them were allies within Banu Ghifar, and that the Prophet counted Aslam with Quraysh, the Ansar and Ghifar when he spoke of those who stayed behind. - گروہ
الأثبج
The Athbaj of the Hilal ibn Amir branches; of them Siraj by Barqa and Iyadh at Jabal al-Qal'a — their bands settled the Zab's villages over the earlier Zanata and conquest folk until all the Zab's people bore their name, of them the Banu Muzni amirs of Biskra, the first of Hilal's divisions to win a homeland in Ifriqiya and the most village-settled. - گروہ
آزقار
A nomadic Berber tribe of the desert with many camels and rich milk. The author reports that people of the Maghreb consider them the most skilled in the sand-writing said to go back to Daniel, and that they find lost items by drawing in sand,,. - گروہ
بجيلة
A tribe claimed by one report among the sons of Anmar ibn Nizar after his flight to Yemen — though others attach them to the Yemeni stock outright. - گروہ
بكيل
The other shaft of Hamdan, brother of Hashid — Bakil ibn Jusham of the Hamdan line. Its homelands in al-Hamdani's mapping stretch from half of Sana'a's Rahba plain to Najran, al-Jawf, Shakir and Sirwah, counting Sufyan ibn Arhab (whence the Hudayniyya of Khaywan) among its houses; it held no market of its own but shared Warur, Ghuraq and Rayda in Hashid country. - گروہ
بكر بن وائل
A Rabi'a tribe of Adnan, one of Wa'il's two sons with Taghlib; branches settled Bahrayn and the rest stretched from al-Yamama to Bahrayn, Kazima, the edge of the Iraqi sawad, al-Ubulla and Hit; Banu Shayban of Dhu Qar and Banu Hanifa of al-Yamama belong to it, and its wars with Taghlib are the textbook case of kin rivalry. - گروہ
بنو عبد الواد
The Zanata dynasty of the central Maghreb; Yaghmurasan b. Ziyyan besieged Tlemcen eight years then took it as al-Mu'tadid, and his house ruled between the Marinids and Hafsids until their trace faded. - گروہ
بنو الأحمر
The last Muslim dynasty of al-Andalus at Granada: the Banu Nasr of Arjuna near Cordoba, claimed for Sa'd b. Ubada, founded by Muhammad b. Yusuf Ibn al-Ahmar who settled at Granada 635 after the Almohad collapse. - گروہ
بنو عبد الأشهل
A clan of the Aws, Banu Abd al-Ashhal ibn Jusham ibn al-Harith; after Abu Jubayla's departure they settled a quarter south of Banu Zafar's, by the edge of the eastern Harra, and built the utm 'Waqim' — held by Hudayr ibn Simak, after whom the quarter was named — and another called 'al-Ra'l' for Sakhra umm Banu Abd al-Ashhal, crying at Bu'ath 'we are Banu Sakhra, lords of the Ra'l'. A war with Banu Haritha drove the latter from the shared quarter to the Yathrib neighbourhood. - گروہ
بنو عبد الدار
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia emigrant rolls under its ancestor 'Abd al-Dar ibn Qusayy', counting among it emigrants, women and children born there. - گروہ
بنو عبد شمس
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf', counting emigrants, women and children born there. - گروہ
بنو عدي بن كعب
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Adi ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy', counting emigrants, women and children born there. - گروہ
بنو العجلان
A Medinan clan; Ibn Ishaq places Ma'n ibn Adi in it, and Asim ibn Adi if he is the one meant. - گروہ
بنو العنبر من بني تميم
A clan of Tamim, al-Anbar ibn Amr ibn Tamim; Uyayna ibn Hisn raided them at the Prophet's order, killing and taking captives, after which a Tamim delegation came to the Prophet, who freed some captives and ransomed others; Ibn Ishaq names the men killed and the women taken. - گروہ
بنو الديل
A clan of Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat ibn Kinana — its leading house, Banu al-Aswad ibn Razn, had been killed by Khuza'a before Islam; in the truce of Hudaybiyya its men under Nawfal ibn Mu'awiya carried out the night attack on al-Watir. - گروہ
بنو الحارث بن فهر
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'al-Harith ibn Fihr ibn Malik', counting emigrants, women and children born there. - گروہ
بنو الحارث بن الخزرج
A clan of the Khazraj, Banu al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj the Elder (Balharith); they settled their quarter in the 'Awali east of Wadi Buthan by the Su'ayb plot, and built the utm after which the quarter 'al-Sunh' was named — where Abu Bakr had his home with his wife bint Kharija ibn Zayd, a mile from the Prophet's residence. - گروہ
بنو الحارث بن كعب
A tribe of Najran to whom the Prophet sent Khalid ibn al-Walid in Rabi' al-Akhir or Jumada al-Ula 10 AH to call them to Islam for three days before fighting; they converted without a fight, Khalid stayed to teach them and then brought their delegation to the Prophet, who appointed Qays ibn al-Husayn over them and sent Amr ibn Hazm to instruct them and collect their sadaqa. They told the Prophet they used to defeat whoever fought them because they stayed united and never began a wrong. - گروہ
بنو الملوّح
A clan of Kinana at al-Kudayd against whom the Prophet sent Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi; the detachment raided them before dawn, killed and drove off the herds, as Jundab ibn Makith relates. - گروہ
بنو المطلب
A clan of Quraysh descended from al-Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf, the uncle of Abd al-Muttalib; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum names them beside Banu Hashim among the clans that joined the Fudul pact. - گروہ
بنو النجار
A clan of the Khazraj at Yathrib, the maternal kin of Abd al-Muttalib: Salma bint Amr of Banu Adi ibn al-Najjar was Hashim's wife and Abd al-Muttalib grew up in her father's house; when Nawfal seized his property he appealed to them and his uncle Abu Sa'd ibn Adi came with eighty riders until his right was restored, prompting Khuza'a to claim an equal kinship. - گروہ
بنو عامر بن لؤي
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Amir ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib', counting emigrants, women and children born there. - گروہ
بنو عامر بن صعصعة
A large Qaysi tribe of Najd whose clans include Kilab and Ja'far ibn Kilab; its delegation came to the Prophet in 9 AH with Amir ibn al-Tufayl, Arbad ibn Qays ibn Juz' ibn Khalid ibn Ja'far and Jabbar ibn Salma ibn Malik ibn Ja'far, whom Ibn Ishaq calls the chiefs of the people. - گروہ
بنو عمرو بن عوف
A Medinan clan that Ibn Ishaq mentions among the builders of Masjid al-Dirar (Khudham ibn Khalid and Abbad ibn Hunayf) and among the three left behind (Murara ibn al-Rabi'). - گروہ
بنو أسد بن عبد العزى
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza ibn Qusayy', counting emigrants, women and children born there. - گروہ
بنو أسد بن خزيمة
A non-Qurashi Arab tribe; Ibn Ishaq places Ubaydullah ibn Jahsh and Qays ibn Abdullah in it. It is distinct from the Qurashi Banu Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza. - گروہ
بنو بكر بن عبد مناف
A tribe of Kinana that entered Quraysh's pact at Hudaybiyya; the night attack by its Banu al-Dil clan on Khuza'a at al-Watir — secretly armed by Quraysh — broke the truce and set off the conquest of Mecca. - گروہ
بنو بياضة
A clan of the Khazraj, Banu Bayada ibn 'Amir ibn Zurayq; they held a quarter in the western Harra north of Banu Salim with nineteen utum — thirteen for Banu Umayya ibn 'Amir alone — and were praised in the saying 'slowest to flee, fastest to charge: Banu Bayada, Banu Zurayq and Banu Ghaffar'. Their quarter lodged the Banu Ghadb septs; when Habib ibn Abd al-Harith demanded they draw water with their own hands they killed him, and two of their septs fought in a garden until no eye twinkled — hence its name 'the Garden of Death' — and in 160 AH the Ansar's Umayyad diwan register was transferred to them. - گروہ
بنو ضبة بن أد
Banu Dabba ibn Udd, a Mudar tribe of the Rabbab; the first to raise the cry 'ya Al Khindif' — hence the federation's name — when Asad answered them at al-Nasar, and victors of al-Shaqiqa where Bustam ibn Qays of Shayban fell. - گروہ
بنو دارم
A clan of Banu Tamim: Darim ibn Malik ibn Hanzala ibn Malik ibn Zayd Manat ibn Tamim; Utarid ibn Hajib, al-Aqra' ibn Habis and al-Hutat ibn Yazid of the 9 AH delegation belonged to it; al-Zibriqan boasted that none in the Hijaz equalled Darim, and Hassan addressed his rebuke to them. - گروہ
بنو ضبيعة بن زيد
A clan to which Ibn Ishaq ascribes five of the builders of Masjid al-Dirar: Mu'tib ibn Qushayr, Abu Habiba ibn al-Az'ar, Nabtal ibn al-Harith, Bahzaj and Bijad ibn Uthman. - گروہ
بنو الضبيب من جذام
Rifa'a ibn Zayd's clan of Judham; they embraced Islam on the Prophet's letter which Rifa'a brought, recovered Dihya al-Kalbi's goods from al-Hunayd ibn Us, were then struck by Zayd ibn Haritha's detachment, and a party of them rode to Rifa'a and on to the Prophet, who restored what had been taken. - گروہ
بنو الضليع من جذام
A clan of Judham to which belonged al-Hunayd ibn Us and his son Us, who robbed Dihya al-Kalbi in the valley of Shinar, and Qurra ibn Ashqar al-Difari al-Dula'i who shot al-Nu'man ibn Abi Ji'al. - گروہ
بنو فزارة
A tribe of Ghatafan; Zayd ibn Haritha met them at Wadi al-Qura, some of his men were struck and he was carried off wounded, and he swore not to wash from major impurity until he had raided them; the Prophet sent him back and he slaughtered them at Wadi al-Qura, where Umm Qirfa Fatima bint Rabi'a ibn Badr was killed. - گروہ
بنو غفار
An Arab tribe; Ibn Ishaq reports that the bedouin excuse-makers were said to be a group of them, that Abu Ruhm Kulthum ibn al-Husayn was of them, and that they had allies from Aslam. - گروہ
بنو همدان
The great Kahlani tribe of Yemen whose rivalry with Himyar the Abyssinians exploited for their first occupation of Yemen in 340 CE. - گروہ
بنو حمود
The Hammudids — Idrisid Alids who claimed the Andalusi caliphate after the fitna, aping Abbasid pomp by speaking to petitioners from behind a curtain until Ibn Muqana's famous nuniyya made Idris b. Yahya lift the veil himself at Malaga. - گروہ
بنو حنيفة
A great Arab tribe, the people of al-Yamama; of them was Musaylima ibn Habib, called the Liar, who claimed prophecy — the Prophet addressed a letter to him — and most of them followed him until Khalid ibn al-Walid defeated them at the battle of al-Yamama in 12 AH, whereupon Mujja'a ibn Murara brought them to terms and they embraced Islam and the alms were taken from them; before Islam al-Yamama's chief had been Hawdha ibn Ali al-Hanafi whom the Prophet invited to Islam. - گروہ
بنو حنظلة بن مالك
A clan of Tamim — Banu Hanzala ibn Malik ibn Zayd Manat ibn Tamim; the Prophet made Malik ibn Nuwayra his agent over their alms, and on the Prophet's death Malik released what dues were in his hands saying 'see to your own wealth, Banu Hanzala'; in the affair of Malik's killing Abu Qatada al-Ansari testified that they had laid down their arms and called the adhan; of them also was Sajah bint Aws (some say bint al-Harith) who claimed prophecy in the Ridda. - گروہ
بنو حارثة بن الحارث
A clan of the Aws, Banu Haritha ibn al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj the Younger; they first shared the Abd al-Ashhal quarter by the eastern Harra and built the utm 'al-Musayyir', then war broke out in which Simak ibn Rafi' fell to Mas'ud Abu Muhayysa — the expelled Banu Haritha withdrew to Banu Sulaym's land, were besieged in their tower by Hudayr ibn Simak until Banu Harw ibn 'Awf and Banu Khatma mediated their evacuation, spent about a year at Khaybar, were reconciled through al-Shafra''s intercession, and refusing to return settled the Yathrib neighbourhood west of Hamza's shrine where Islam found them, building the utm 'al-Rayyan' by their mosque; the Prophet spent the eve of Uhud in their houses at al-Shaykhan. - گروہ
بنو هاشم
The Prophet's own clan within Quraysh — divided over his mission yet bound to him by blood, sheltering him through the boycott whether they believed or not. - گروہ
بنو هلال
Banu Hilal ibn Amir ibn Sa'sa'a, among the greatest Arab divisions in Islam; Najd-dwellers who moved into Egypt in the Qarmatian wars, then were let west by the vizier al-Yazuri under the Fatimid al-Mustansir to war al-Mu'izz ibn Badis — they seized Ifriqiya's countryside and ruined it, then, pressed by Banu Sulaym, moved into the Maghreb between Bona and Constantine to the Ocean; Hilal's five sons — Shu'ba, Nashira, Nuhayk, Abd Manaf and Abdallah — father all their clans, of whom the Athbaj, Riyah, Zughba and Qari'. - گروہ
بنو حضورا
A mighty extinct nation — Arabs or Japhetic, the sources differed — who killed their prophet Shu'ayb ibn Mihdam (not Shu'ayb of Madyan); at the prophet Barkhya's word Bukhtanassar marched on 'the Arabs whose houses have no bolts' and a heavenly caller scattered them to the sword; their lands are placed at al-Samawa or in Qinnasrin toward Tall Masikh. - گروہ
بنو جهور
The Jahwarids — a Cordoban wazir house under the Umayyads whose head Abu'l-Hazm took Cordoba in the taifa period while keeping only the vizier's title. - گروہ
بنو جمح
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Jumah ibn Amr ibn Hasis ibn Ka'b', counting emigrants, women and children born there. - گروہ
بنو جشم بن معاوية
A warrior clan of the Hawazin confederation; among them was the aged veteran commander and poet Durayd ibn al-Simma, who advised against driving the women and wealth into battle at Hunayn. - گروہ
بنو كلب
A tribe of Qudaa; the Prophet offered them Islam at the season and they did not accept it. - گروہ
بنو خطمة
A clan of the Aws — Khatma is 'Abdallah ibn Jusham ibn Malik al-Awsi — who settled their known quarter, built utum and planted palms, yet lived scattered in their towers with none in the quarter's heart; when Islam came they took a mosque and one man built a house beside it, the others asking after him each morning for fear a beast had taken him, until they multiplied and were nicknamed 'Ghazza' after populous Gaza of al-Sham. Their utum include 'Sa'b Dhar'' — kept as a fighting fortress with no dwellings — and the tower of Umayya ibn 'Amir ibn Khatma. - گروہ
بنو كلاب
Banu Kilab ibn Rabi'a ibn Amir ibn Sa'sa'a, a Mudari tribe spread between the Jazira and Syria on the Euphrates side with pastures around Aleppo; they were once tributaries of the Hamdanids, then rose as their power failed — Salih ibn Mirdas founded the Mirdasid state of Aleppo from them, and their clans include Banu Khafaja and Banu Ghayyar. - گروہ
لخم (المناذرة)
The Kahlani tribe whose Nasr ibn Rabiʾa founded the line of al-Hira’s kings — the Manadhira — ruling as Persia’s Arab wardens from Amr ibn Adi to the last al-Mundhir in 632. - گروہ
بنو مغالة
A clan of Banu al-Najjar — Banu 'Adi ibn 'Amr ibn Malik, Maghala being 'Adi's mother — settled on the right of one facing the Prophet's Mosque from the end of the balat; they built the utm 'Fari'' facing the houses of Banu Talha ibn 'Ubayd Allah, later absorbed into Ja'far ibn Yahya al-Barmaki's residence — the tower where Safiyya the Prophet's aunt sheltered on the day of the Trench with Hassan ibn Thabit beside it (al-Zayn al-Maraghi makes it the tower of Thabit, Hassan's father), where Ibn Sayyad was found in Muslim's hadith, and to which Hassan's verse 'we hold sway between Sal' and Fari'' refers. - گروہ
بنو مخزوم
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it as 'Makhzum ibn Yaqaza ibn Murra ibn Ka'b'. - گروہ
بنو مكي رؤساء قابس
Banu Makki, the Arab chiefs of Gabes and its districts; their first ruler Abd al-Malik ibn Makki held Gabes and Djerba and stretched his hand to Sfax, governing under Hafsid obedience until the amir Umar ibn al-Lihyani wrested the town from them and they were scattered, their rule at Gabes ended. - گروہ
بنو مزيد الأسديون
The Asadi Mazyadids of Tamim — desert amirs between Iraq, Syria and Najd whom Wasit's Alawid notables begged for aid when their quarters burned in the 406 fitna; from that patronage they took Wasit and then al-Hilla, seat of their famous dynasty. - گروہ
بنو منقر
A clan of Banu Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat of Tamim: Minqar ibn Ubayd ibn al-Harith ibn Amr ibn Ka'b ibn Sa'd; Amr ibn al-Ahtam and Qays ibn Asim of the 9 AH Tamim delegation belonged to it. - گروہ
بنو مرة
A tribe of Ghatafan at Fadak; Bashir ibn Sa'd raided them, and Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi raided their land and struck Mirdas ibn Nahik, an ally of theirs from al-Hurqa of Juhayna, whom Usama ibn Zayd and an Ansari killed after he had said there is no god but God. - گروہ
بنو مزني أمراء بسكرة
Banu Muzni, amirs of Biskra and the Zab country; of Banu Jari ibn Ulwan of the Athbaj by the genealogists Ibn Khaldun cites, who settled the Zab villages over the earlier Zanata and conquest-era inhabitants and shared sweet and bitter with them, their grandees organised as lords of the shura council — among their amirs Musa ibn Muhammad ibn Mas'ud al-Balt, amir of the nomads who gave bay'a to the Hafsid Abu Ishaq against his brother al-Mustansir, their rule enduring through the Abd al-Wadid and Marinid fitnas to Ibn Khaldun's day. - گروہ
بنو النضير
Medina's second Jewish tribe to break with the Prophet — date-palm landholders expelled to Khaybar in 625 after the breakdown of the pact, where their exiles kept the quarrel alive. - گروہ
بنو نصر بن معاوية
A leading clan of the Hawazin confederation; from it hailed Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri, commander of the polytheist confederation at the Battle of Hunayn. - گروہ
بنو قينقاع
The first of Medina's three Jewish tribes to break with the Prophet — goldsmiths of the city's market, besieged after Badr and expelled to Syria in 624. - گروہ
بنو قريظة
Medina's last Jewish tribe — besieged after the Battle of the Trench for treating with the confederates, judged by the arbitration they themselves accepted, and their men put to death in the gravest single act of violence of the Prophet's era. - گروہ
بنو سعد بن بكر
A clan of Hawazin among whom the Prophet was nursed by Halima al-Sa'diyya; in the Year of Delegations they sent Dimam ibn Tha'laba, who questioned the Prophet on each duty of Islam, embraced it, and returned to convert his whole settlement in a day, as Ibn Abbas relates. - گروہ
بنو سهم
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Sahm ibn Amr ibn Hasis ibn Ka'b', counting emigrants, women and children born there. - گروہ
بنو ساعدة
A clan of the Khazraj, Banu Sa'ida ibn Ka'b, owners of the famous saqifa; they settled in four Medinan quarters: Banu al-Harith and Banu Tha'laba between the market and Banu Damra; a village around Bi'r Buda'a; Banu Abi Khazima — Sa'd ibn Ubada's sept — at Jirar Sa'd, where al-Samhudi places their saqifa; and Banu Waqf and Banu Annan in the 'Banu Tarif' quarter. They built the utm 'Mu'rith', the last tower built in Medina — the Prophet arrived while they were building it and gave them leave to finish. - گروہ
بنو سلامة أصحاب قلعة تاوغزوت
Banu Salama, holders of Qal'at Tawghzut in Jabal Wansharish, chiefs the Banu Yadlaten of the Tujin folk — the stoutest and most numerous of its branches, who settled al-Ja'bat and Tawghzut after Banu Qadi and Banu Madun; some fraternised with the Kharijites in their da'wa, and their chief Nasr ibn Umar ibn Uthman gave bay'a to al-Mas'ud ibn Bu Zayd ibn Khalid ibn Abd al-Rahman when he held Tlemcen — their Tawghzut kingship lasted into the fitnas of the Marinids and the era of Abu Ziyyan ibn al-Sultan Abi Sa'id, about 783 AH. - گروہ
بنو سالم بن عوف
A Khazrajite clan of Yathrib; it includes Malik ibn al-Dukhshum, who was charged with demolishing Masjid al-Dirar, and Abu Khaythama, according to Ibn Ishaq. In al-Samhudi they held their quarter at the edge of the western Harra west of the valley of the Friday mosque at Batn Ranuna, and built the utum al-Muzdalif (built by Utban ibn Malik), al-Shamakh outside their houses to the south, and al-Qawaqil — so named because when they granted protection they told the refugee 'quqil where you will', climb up. - گروہ
بنو سلمة
A clan of the Khazraj; it includes Ka'b ibn Malik, the man who disparaged Ka'b at Tabuk, and the men who reproached him after he told the Prophet the truth. In al-Samhudi they settled between the Mosque of the Two Qiblas and al-Midhad in a quarter called 'Khurba' — ruin — which the Prophet renamed 'Sulha' on the sounder reading ('Talha' in Ibn Zabala's copy); they built the utum al-Aghlab, Khayt and Mani', and when they complained of their distance the Prophet said 'stay, for you are its tent-pegs', then Umar moved them to the foot of Sal'. - گروہ
بنو سلول
An Arab clan in whose woman's house Amir ibn al-Tufayl died on his way back from the Banu Amir delegation, lamenting that he should die 'in the house of a woman of Banu Salul'; the 1936 editors note that the Arabs reputed them mean, a reputation that attached to them rather than a fault of their lineage, as with Muharib and Bahila. - گروہ
بنو شيبان بن بكر بن وائل
The Bakrite clan of Hani ibn Masʾud which defeated the Sasanian host at Dhu Qar — the first day the Arabs routed the Persians. - گروہ
بنو سليم
Banu Sulaym ibn Mansur ibn Ikrima ibn Khasafa ibn Qays Aylan, among the great Arab divisions; Hijazi folk who gathered in the migration to Egypt then crossed into Ifriqiya after Banu Hilal — they settled Barqa then pressed west, driving the Hilalis into the Middle Maghreb, and settled the marches of Gabes, Sfax and from Tripoli toward Fez's bounds; of them the Banu Makki chiefs of Gabes, the Banu Thabit of Tripoli and the Banu Muzni amirs of Biskra. - گروہ
بنو تغلب بن وائل
Banu Taghlib ibn Wa'il of Rabi'a, many of them Christian in the Jazira; famed for Zur'a ibn al-Nu'man's words to Umar — 'a people of Arabs who would scorn the jizya' — so he compounded with them for double the sadaqa taken of Muslims on land and herds, not foreigners' jizya, on condition they not Christianise their children, a clause over which jurists differed and Ali censured their breach; of them is Malik ibn Tawq, lord of al-Rahba. - گروہ
بنو تيم بن مرة
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Taym ibn Murra ibn Ka'b', counting emigrants, women and children born there. - گروہ
بنو تميم
A large Arab tribe descended from Tamim ibn Murr; its clans in juz' 4 include Darim, Bahdala and Minqar. Its delegation under Utarid ibn Hajib came to the Prophet in the Year of Delegations, 9 AH, challenged him with their orator and poet, then accepted Islam; the opening of sura al-Hujurat was revealed about them. Ibn Ishaq also records that Bishr ibn al-Harith al-Sahmi had a maternal half-brother in the tribe, Sa'id ibn Amr. - گروہ
بنو ثابت رؤساء طرابلس
Banu Thabit, the Arab chiefs of the city of Tripoli and its districts; when the Hilali Arabs took the Ifriqiyan lands and wrested Tripoli from the Zanata Khazrunids, its chieftaincy settled on this house, which held the ra'asa over town and suburbs in obedience to whatever Maghreb state — Almohad or Hafsid — held sway, into Ibn Khaldun's own time. - گروہ
بنو توجين
Banu Tujin of the Badin folk of the third Zanata tier, one of their greatest and most numerous divisions; their homeland the slopes of Wadi Shelif below Jabal Wansharish, their chieftaincy the Banu Daflaten — Atiyya ibn Daflaten and Luqman ibn al-Mu'tazz, who sent his son Yidr with bay'a to Badis before the battle when his folk numbered some three thousand — famed in Hammad ibn Buluggin's wars; the chieftaincy then passed to the Banu Abd al-Qawi until the Abd al-Wadids took their homeland, and among their later amirs Atiyya al-Hayyu, killed in 607 by the Tlemcen governor's ruse, and Nasr ibn Umar of Jabal Wansharish into the days of the last Abu Hammu. - گروہ
بنو عبيد بن زيد
A branch of Banu Amr ibn Awf; from it was Khudham ibn Khalid, from whose house Masjid al-Shiqaq was removed, according to Ibn Ishaq. - گروہ
بنو عُذرة
A tribe of Quda'a in the northern Hijaz towards Wadi al-Qura and Syria; Ibn Ishaq places the Dhat al-Salasil campaign in the land of Banu Udhra and names Qutba ibn Qatada al-Udhri as commander of the Muslim right wing at Mu'ta. - گروہ
بنو أمية بن عبد شمس
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it as 'Umayya ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf' and makes it a separate section of the Abyssinia emigration. - گروہ
بنو أمية بن زيد
A clan to which Ibn Ishaq ascribes Tha'laba ibn Hatib and Wadi'a ibn Thabit; it is the party of Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir. - گروہ
بنو عقيل
Banu Uqayl ibn Ka'b — the great Qaysi tribe of the Jazira who held Mosul and its marches from the late fourth century: Qirwash ibn al-Muqallad Mu'tamad al-Dawla ruled Mosul, Kufa and the Euphrates shore, then Quraysh ibn Badran. - گروہ
بنو واقف
A clan of the Aws to which Ibn Ishaq ascribes Hilal ibn Umayya al-Waqifi, one of the three left behind; in al-Samhudi they settled with Banu al-Salm (sons of Imru' al-Qays ibn Malik al-Awsi) by the Fadikh mosque, and built the utm 'al-Zaydan' whose site lay mostly south of that mosque. - گروہ
بنو يفرن
Banu Yafran of the Zanata, among the greatest Berber tribes of the Maghreb; many branches scattered through the homeland — Warkuwa and Maranjisa in Ifriqiya, the Tlemcen–Tahert stock that produced Abu Yazid 'Man of the Donkey' and Abu Qurra who besieged Umar ibn Hafs at Tubna — and two states: the first in the Middle Maghreb under Ya'la ibn Muhammad, founder of Ifkan, whose khutba ran for al-Nasir from Tahert to Tangier until Jawhar killed him in 347, and the second at Salé in the Far Maghreb. - گروہ
بنو ظفر
A clan of the Aws, Banu Zafar — Ka'b ibn al-Khazraj the Younger — who settled their quarter east of al-Baqi' by their mosque known as the Mosque of the Baghla, next to Banu Abd al-Ashhal, whom they backed in the war against Banu Haritha. - گروہ
بنو زبيد
A Yemeni tribe of Madhhij; Amr ibn Ma'dikarib came from it with a party to the Prophet and embraced Islam, it was placed under Farwa ibn Musayk with Murad and Madhhij, and Amr apostatised among it after the Prophet's death. Ibn Ishaq also records that Muhayyisa ibn al-Juzu' of it was an ally of Banu Sahm. - گروہ
بنو زهرة
A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Zuhra ibn Kilab ibn Murra'. - گروہ
بنو زريق
A clan of the Khazraj, Banu Zurayq ibn 'Amir; fewer than Banu Bayada, they left their quarter shortly before Islam for their known quarter before the musalla and the market at Dhurwan, building utum including one at the corner of Kabir ibn al-Salt's house and 'al-Rayyan' by the Saqifat al-Rayyan of the Suraqa family. A standing war with Banu Bayada and Banu Habib ran until settled by blood-money, the lane they were granted being named 'the Lane of the Diya'; they shared with Banu Bayada the fame of 'slowest to flee, fastest to charge'. - گروہ
برغواطة
Barghawata of the Masmuda; their homeland the Far Maghreb's Atlantic coast at Tamsna and its lands — in the late Jahiliyya their chief Yunus ibn Ilyas founded them a state on a self-made creed with claims of prophecy and scripture of their own, which they held for generations, warring the Zanata, Sanhaja and Marwanid kings until Buluggin ibn Ziri and the Umayyads ground their state down, their traces lasting among the coastal tribes to Almoravid days. - گروہ
البرامكة
The Barmakids — the Persian vizierial dynasty from Balkh's Nawbahar shrine; from Khalid under al-Saffah through Yahya's seventeen-year golden age to the nakba of 187 AH. - گروہ
البجة
A people who move through the Aydhab desert; Aydhab traders buy ghee, honey and milk from them, and the author says their chief keeps an agent in the town and defends it. - گروہ
البربر
The Berbers in al-Baladhuri on Abdallah ibn Salih's report: they claim descent from Barr ibn Qays — but God gave Qays no son called Barr; rather they are of the Jabbarin whom Dawud fought, whose seats in ancient days were Palestine, the people of Amud — who came to the Maghreb and multiplied there; of them are Lawata, the covenant-holders of Barqa, and the Antabulus folk excepted in Amr ibn al-As's sermon. - گروہ
البراهمة
The author lists seven classes of Indians, with the Brahmins as worshippers who do not drink wine, followed by the warrior class, farmers, craftsmen and musicians. He reports that most Indians hold forty-two creeds. - گروہ
أصحاب مسجد الضرار
Twelve men whom Ibn Ishaq names as the builders of the mosque the Prophet ordered demolished on his return from Tabuk. - گروہ
البجة
In al-Baladhuri: a desert people with camels and herds whose land — a month's barren march of rugged mountains from Islam's lands — holds the gold mines; they raided Egypt's land and withheld the mines' dues, so Muhammad al-Qummi warred on them in al-Mutawakkil's time — their camels skittish at everything, he hung bells on his horses and the camels bolted — and they made peace in 241 on tribute and baqt. - گروہ
نصارى نجران
The people of Najran who became Christian through the ascetic Faymiyun around the time of the first Abyssinian occupation of Yemen; Dhu Nuwas the Himyarite summoned them to Judaism and, when they refused, dug the trench and burned them in October 523 CE, the dead being said to number between twenty and forty thousand; the People of the Trench of Surat al-Buruj, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. - گروہ
الضجاعمة (بنو سليح)
Banu Dajam ibn Salih ibn Hulwan of Quda'a, who settled the Syrian marches in the age of migrations and were set up by the Romans as kings to hold back the desert Arabs and serve against Persia; Ziyad ibn al-Habula was their most famous king, their era runs from the early second century CE to about its end, and the Ghassanids displaced them. - گروہ
الجماعة المسلمة الأولى
The first generation of believers gathered around the Prophet in Mecca and Medina — the persecuted handful of the first decade that became the founding community of Islam. - گروہ
غسان
Ka'b ibn Malik relates that the 'king of Ghassan' wrote him a letter wrapped in a scrap of silk during the boycott of the three, inviting him to join him. - گروہ
غطفان
A Mudari tribe of Qays Aylan ibn Mudar, parent of Abs, Dhubyan, Ashja and Ghani ibn A'sur; Dhubyan dwelt near Tayma up to Hawran, and the wars of Abs and Dhubyan are cited as an example of rivalry between tribes of one father. - گروہ
غمارة
Ghumara, the Berber tribe of the Ghumara mountains and the Rif between Tangier and the Malwiyya; their Islam came in the Umayyad state through Salih ibn Mansur al-Himyari, who built Nekour — they embraced the Idrisid da'wa with famous resorts and stations, were proverbial in Ibn Khaldun's day for sorcery and soothsaying, and counted Banu Razin and Banu Wursikh among their great clans, holding their mountains under successive Maghreb kings into his own time. - گروہ
الغز
Turkmen tribes of Khurasan who rose on sultan Sanjar in 548, captured and humbled him and ruled his lands with the khutba still in his name. - گروہ
كدالة
Guddala of the Sanhaja veil-wearers; their homeland the southern waste from the Sudan lands facing Miknasa and Dra'a — for a while kings over the Sudan in early Islam and the nearest of the veiled tribes to the settled lands; with Lamtuna and Jadala they formed the Almoravids' first da'wa under Abdallah ibn Yasin and Yahya ibn Ibrahim al-Jadali. - گروہ
حبش البيما
The Abyssinians of al-Bayma; they kept fighting for seven years after Egypt's conquest, uncatchable, never stirring from the waters amid the thickets. - گروہ
حمراء ديلم
The four thousand 'Shahanshah's troops' with Rustam at al-Qadisiyya; in al-Baladhuri they were safe-conducted to settle and ally where they wished with fixed stipends, allied with Zuhra ibn Hawiyya al-Sa'di, their naqib Dayl giving the name Hamra' Daylam; Ziyad moved some to Syria — called al-Furs — and some to Basra's asawira; al-Mada'ini makes them Khusraw's servants brought from Daylam who converted after al-Qadisiyya and witnessed al-Mada'in. - گروہ
هاشد
One of the two great shafts of Hamdan, brother of Bakil — Hashid ibn Jusham of the Hamdan line. Its homelands, mapped by its own son al-Hamdani, run from La'a south of Sana'a to Khaywan and the borders of Sa'da — 'the strongest and proudest country of Yemen', a six-days' march — with Jahiliyya markets headed by Qibil-Qummal, Safir and Qutaba. - گروہ
هوازن
The great nomadic confederation of the Hijaz — rival of Quraysh and the Prophet's own foster-kin — that fielded the last massed Arab army against the Muslims at Hunayn and then came over within the year. - گروہ
هوارة
Hawwara of the Baranis Berbers; tent-dwellers and townsmen whose lands ran from Tripoli toward Barqa and their eponymous Jabal Hawwara in Ifriqiya — Abd al-Wahid ibn Yazid of them joined Ukasha al-Fazzari against Hanzala ibn Safwan and fell in 124 AH, Yahya ibn Fawnas rose on Yazid ibn Hatim in 156, Mujahid ibn Muslim marched with Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib's campaigns, and noted men of them crossed to al-Andalus with Tariq. - گروہ
حمير
The most famous Qahtani stock with Kahlan; it took over the kingdom of Saba around 115 BCE, made Zafar its capital, and produced Yemen’s later kings such as Dhu Nuwas and the house of Dhu Yazan. - گروہ
هذيل
An Arab tribe; Ibn Ishaq records that Utba ibn Mas'ud of it was an ally of Banu Zuhra. - گروہ
الحرورية
The first Kharijite secession camp — named for Harura' near Kufa where twelve thousand qurra' withdrew after the arbitration sheet, with Shabib ibn Ray'i commanding and Ibn al-Kawwa' leading prayer; Ali debated them back into the city while their minbar heckling already rang 'no judgement but God's'. - گروہ
الإفرنجة
al-Mas'udi's Franks — fiercest of the Japhetic nations, united under one king whose capital in his day was Buwayra with some 150 towns; their early lands included Rhodes, Crete, Ifriqiya and Sicily. The king-list Bishop Urmazd of Jarunda sent al-Hakam in 328 runs from the Magian Qaludiya (converted by his wife Ghartala) through Qarla ibn Tabin down to Ludhriq ibn Qarla, reigning in 332. - گروہ
إياد بن نزار
Eldest of Nizar's sons and his father's kunya-name — allotted the grey-haired slave-girl's likeness, and the brother who read the camel's one eye from its grazed patch. - گروہ
جديس
Descendants of Jadis ibn 'Abir who marched to al-Yamama — one of the vanished Arabic mother-tribes. - گروہ
الجلالقة
al-Mas'udi's Jalaliqa — the Galicians/Leonese, fiercer than the Franks, chief warring neighbour of Umayyad al-Andalus; their king in 332 was Rudhmir, before him Ardon and before him Adhubshan; Melkite Christians like the Franks. - گروہ
الجراجمة
The Jarajima, a community of the city al-Jurjuma on Jabal al-Lukkam between Bayyas and Buqa, clients of Antioch's patrician under Byzantium; the Muslims compounded with them to be auxiliaries, scouts and watchmen without jizya, granted the spoils of those they slew, the treaty taking in traders, hirelings and Nabataeans called the Rawadif; after Abd al-Malik secured them following Ibn al-Zubayr's fitna, al-Walid in year 88 took their city on terms that they settle where they wished in Syria at eight dinars a man plus provisions of wheat and oil for their households, none compelled to leave Christianity, wearing Muslim dress, no jizya on them or their children or wives, fighting beside the Muslims with the spoils of those they killed in single combat, and taxed on trade as the Muslims are — he then razed their city and settled them at Jabal al-Mawar, Sanh al-Lulun and the Tizin vale, some going to Hims; certain officials had imposed head-jizya on them at Antioch which they appealed to al-Wathiq, who remitted it, then al-Mutawakkil ordered it taken of them with stipends paid, since they were among those employed at the watchposts. - گروہ
جراوة
Jarawa of the Zanata, the people of al-Kahina 'the seeress' who ruled among the Berbers — they gave her bay'a and fought under her banner against Hassan ibn al-Nu'man until her fall; Hammad ibn Buluggin later moved them west and settled them in his new fortress-city of the Qal'a, where they formed part of its host. - گروہ
الجارودية
The Zaydi sect holding with Abu Hanifa, most Murji'a and the Rafidi wings that the imamate is Quraysh's alone. - گروہ
القبائل اليهودية في الحجاز
The Jewish tribes that settled Yathrib, Khaybar and Tayma after the two Jewish migrations from Palestine (after Nebuchadnezzar and after the Romans) and built villages, forts and castles; those well known at the coming of Islam were Khaybar, al-Nadir, al-Mustaliq, Qurayza and Qaynuqa, and al-Samhudi counts more than twenty, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. - گروہ
يهود خيبر
The Jewish oasis communities of Khaybar, north of Medina — farmers and smiths behind strong fortresses, including exiles of Banu Nadir — subdued in 628 and left on the land under tribute until Umar's expulsion. - گروہ
جذام
A Kahlani tribe of Qahtan, paired with Lakhm in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's second group of Kahlani emigrants and placed by the sources on the Syrian marches; Farwa ibn Amr al-Judhami was of it. - گروہ
جهينة
An Arab tribe of Quda'a whose lands lay between Medina and the Red Sea coast; Ibn Ishaq mentions it in the Prophet's detachments: Jundab ibn Makith al-Juhani, narrator of Ghalib's raid on Banu al-Mulawwah, was of it, as was the clan al-Huraqa to which Mirdas ibn Nahik, killed in Ghalib's raid on Banu Murra, belonged. - گروہ
جرهم
A Yemeni Qahtani tribe that settled at Mecca in Ismail’s time and intermarried with him; it held authority over Mecca for nearly twenty centuries until Khuzaʾa expelled it in the mid-second century CE, whereupon it buried Zamzam and departed for Yemen. - گروہ
كهلان
One of the great Qahtani stocks; its branches left Yemen around the time of the Arim flood, among them al-Azd, Lakhm, Judham, Tayy, Kinda, Hamdan, and the ancestors of the Aws, Khazraj, Khuzaʾa and the Ghassanid house of Jafna. - گروہ
خثعم
An Arab tribe; Ibn Ishaq ascribes Asma bint Umays to it as 'al-Khath'amiyya'. - گروہ
الخزر
The Khazars in al-Baladhuri are the people beyond the Caucasus whose great king bears the title Khaqan; Salman ibn Rabi'a warred on them until slain at Balanjar, and they surged across the Rass in al-Jarrah's day until he met and fell fighting them near Ardabil; when their great king learned the numbers Marwan ibn Muhammad trod into his lands it filled him with dread, and he sent summoning him to Islam or war — Marwan answering 'I accept Islam', whereupon the Khaqan showed forth Islam, Marwan compounding with him confirming his kingdom, and settled a body of them between al-Samur and al-Shabiran in the Lakz plain; and Yazid ibn Asid married into their king's house at al-Mansur's command, the Khaqan's daughter bearing him a son who died while she died in her lying-in. - گروہ
خزاعة
The tribe of the Meccan lowland, long allied to the Prophet's house by marriage and oath; it entered his pact at Hudaybiyya, was attacked at al-Watir by Banu Bakr with Quraysh's secret aid, and its appeal to Medina set off the conquest of Mecca. - گروہ
كنانة
An Arab tribe; Ibn Ishaq ascribes Fatima bint Safwan ibn Umayya ibn Muharrith to it as 'al-Kinaniyya'. - گروہ
كندة
A Kahlani tribe of Qahtan that settled Bahrayn, then Hadramawt, then Najd, where it formed a considerable kingdom that soon vanished; its al-Harith ibn Amr ibn Hujr was installed at al-Hira by Qubadh after al-Mundhir's dismissal. - گروہ
الأكراد
Al-Mas'udi gives the rival origins of the Kurds: sons of Rabi'a or of Mudar arabised into mountain speech; Solomon's dismissed slave-women driven 'kurrisewise' to the hills; or the spared brain-tribute of al-Dahhak's serpents run wild — the Shuhajan of the Kufa-Basra marches claim Rabi'a, the Majardan of Azerbaijan claim Mudar, the Ya'qubiyya and Jurqan near Jabal Judi are Christians, and some hold Kharijite views. - گروہ
كتامة
Kutama, the toughest branch of the Baranis Berbers — claimed by Arab genealogists as Himyarite; settled between Constantine's countryside and Auras, and the tribe whose shi'i da'wa took the realm from the Aghlabids. - گروہ
لمطة
Lamta of the Sanhaja veil-wearers; brothers of Lamtuna, Jadala and Guddala, their homeland the southern waste between Sijilmasa and the Sudan lands — masters of the desert roads and camel-litters between the Sahara and the Maghreb, drawn in their generations into the veiled ones' states and the Almoravids. - گروہ
لمتونة
The greatest of the veiled Sanhaja tribes of the Sahara, from whom the Almoravid state arose; their chieftaincy lay in the Banu Wartantaq house of Yahya ibn Ibrahim al-Juddali whose hajj brought them the jurist Abd Allah ibn Yasin, and their amirs were Yahya ibn Umar, his brother Abu Bakr, and their cousin Yusuf ibn Tashfin. - گروہ
لواتة
Lawata, a covenant-holding Berber village in the land of Barqa; Amr ibn al-As wrote in their treaty 'upon you is to sell your sons and your women toward the jizya upon you' — whereupon al-Layth ibn Sa'd said 'were they slaves, that would not be lawful of them'; and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz wrote concerning the Lawatiyyat that whoever holds a Lawatiyya must offer her in marriage to her father or return her to her people. - گروہ
مذحج
The Qahtanite tribe into which Abu Haritha ibn Muzayqiya and his grandson Da'bal entered at Najran when they left the Azd's march — Abu Haritha called the grandsire of Najran's al-Harith ibn Ka'b. - گروہ
مغراوة
Maghrawa of the Zanata, among the greatest tribes of the first tier in the Maghreb; their chiefs were the house of Khazir — Muhammad ibn Khazir, al-Nasir's propagandist, his brother Ma'bad and son al-Khayr, Umayyad clients until Buluggin ibn Ziri destroyed al-Khayr in 361 and crushed Zanata — then their kingship gathered to the house of Ziri ibn Atiyya, who founded the state of Fez in obedience to al-Mansur Ibn Abi Amir until the Almoravid state ended them. - گروہ
الغزاة المجاهدون من قرابة بني مرين بالأندلس
The 'refractory' Marinid princes of the Abd al-Haqq line who crossed to al-Andalus as jihad volunteers from 661 AH — their deeds proved fine and their stations honoured under the Banu al-Ahmar until they shared the Nasrid realm and monopolised the leadership of its jihad, Ibn al-Ahmar appointing their chiefs over the Zenata ghazi-volunteers, the command passing between the Banu Rahhu and Banu Abi al-Ala' houses into Ibn Khaldun's own day. - گروہ
مصمودة
Masmuda, among the greatest Berber tribes; of the Baranis in the genealogists' count, their homeland the Darn mountains and plains of the Far Maghreb, the plateaux toward Marrakesh and the Sus — their branches Hintata, Barghawata and Banu Hinta — from them rose the state of the Mahdi Ibn Tumart and the Almohads, and in early Islam they held the Sufrite creed until caliphs and their servants turned them from it by the sword. - گروہ
مسوفة
Masufa of the Sanhaja veil-wearers; their homeland the far sands east of the Sudan lands toward Tadmakka — quiet folk and desert kings in the Almoravid era and after, whose Masufa horse served in the later Maghreb kingdoms. - گروہ
مكناسة
Miknasa of the Zanata, tent-dwelling Berbers of the Malwiyya, Karsif, Sijilmasa and Habat lands; the folk of Sijilmasa's site embraced the Sufrite creed early in Islam and founded the city in 140 AH, whence their two states — Banu Wasul and Banu Abi al-Afiya, kings of Tasul and Fez — until the Maghrawa and then the Almoravids overwhelmed them. - گروہ
أمهات المؤمنين
The Qur'anic title of the Prophet's wives ('his wives are their mothers', al-Ahzab 6): he contracted thirteen women, consummated marriage with eleven and died leaving nine; they played a great role in transmitting his domestic life and the rulings of the sharia to the women of the umma. - گروہ
مضر بن نزار
Son of Nizar allotted the red leather tent — read as the red camels and gold, whence 'Mudar the Red' — whose eye Anmar put out with a tossed bone in the dark, the quarrel that scattered the brothers. - گروہ
المهاجرون
'The Emigrants' — the Muslims who left Mecca for Abyssinia and then Medina, giving up home and property for the faith; the community's founding layer in the Prophet's city. - گروہ
مراد
A Yemeni tribe of Madhhij; Hamdan defeated it on the Day of al-Radm shortly before Islam, and Farwa ibn Musayk of Murad came to the Prophet breaking with the kings of Kinda, embraced Islam and was set over Murad, Zubayd and all Madhhij; Qays ibn Makshuh, who refused to accompany Amr ibn Ma'dikarib to the Prophet, was of Murad. - گروہ
الموحدون
The Almohads — Ibn Tumart's Harga movement naming itself the Muwahhidun in pointed contrast to the 'veiled' Lamtuna, then Abd al-Mumin's empire that united both Maghrebs. - گروہ
نفزة
Nafza of the Berbers of the Baranis stock; their homeland the Far Maghreb's Atlas between the coast and the heights — of them al-Randi whom the Ghumara set over themselves in their apostasy when they expelled Salih ibn Mansur, and of them Zaynab bint Ishaq al-Nafzawiyya, famed for beauty and queenship, wife of the Maghreb's rulers — their sway lasting in their mountains into Almoravid days and after. - گروہ
النجدات
The Kharijite sect that held appointing an imam not obligatory — some Mu'tazilites agreed a just and sinless community needs none. - گروہ
النوبة
In al-Baladhuri: a people who showered the Muslims with arrows gouging eyes — 'the eye-bleeders'; a Himyari shaykh who witnessed them said none sharper in war, one asking a Muslim where he'd like his arrow placed and never missing, a hundred and fifty gouged eyes counted in one line-up; Abdallah ibn Sa'd made peace with them on a truce without jizya. - گروہ
النوكبرد
al-Mas'udi's Nukaburd — a Japhetic nation adjoining the Maghrib with island lands, one king named Adnaks in every age, their capital Yast divided by the great river Saybat; Muslims of al-Andalus and the Maghrib once held their cities Bari, Taranto and Shubrama before the Nukaburd retook them after long war. - گروہ
قحطان (العرب العاربة)
The lineage called the Original Arabs: descendants of Yaʾrub ibn Yashjub ibn Qahtan, based in Yemen, whose best-known branches are Himyar and Kahlan. - گروہ
القرامطة
The Qarmatian movement of the late third/early fourth century; Ibn al-Jawzi lists the Batiniyya's names — Ismaili after Ismail b. Ja'far, Batiniyya for their hidden readings, plus Hurmiyya, Babakiyya, Muhammira, Sab'iyya, Ta'limiyya — and six etymologies of 'Qarmati' including the Nabati chief Qarmita and the ascetic Khuzistani dai who saved date-stones for the greengrocer; their recruiters were taught to approach each man through his own passion — Shi'i grievance, messianism, Sabian stars, Magian feasts — and to argue only with the ignorant. - گروہ
قيس عيلان
A great branch of the Mudar tribes; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum names it as the party facing Quraysh and their Kinana allies in the Fijar war, winning in the morning before Kinana prevailed by midday. - گروہ
قضاعة
A great tribe of Himyarite affiliation (debated); it left Yemen for the Samawa steppe on Iraq’s edge, moved on to al-Sham under Ardashir’s pressure, and produced the Salihids — the Dajaʾima — Rome’s first Arab client kings. - گروہ
قريش
The tribe that held Mecca and the custodianship of the Kaaba — the Prophet's own people, its elite his fiercest opponents for a decade, then, after 630, the core of the new community's leadership. - گروہ
ربيعة بن نزار
Son of Nizar allotted the bay horse and black tent — read by al-Af'a as the horses and arms, whence his name 'Rabi'a of the horse'; he raided on horseback and sustained his brothers through the famine. - گروہ
الراوندية
The Abbasids' Khurasani shi'a — al-'Abbas, the prophet's uncle, heir and 'asaba, was imam by right; they disowned Abu Bakr and 'Umar yet validated 'Ali's bay'a through his own, and al-Jahiz composed their 'Imamat wuld al-'Abbas'. - گروہ
رياح بن هلال
Riyah ibn Hilal of the Hilal ibn Amir branches, the most numerous and proudest of the Maghreb's Arab divisions; their lands around Constantine, the Selm and the Zab, with the Utba branch near Bijaya and a great mass in the Far Maghreb — Ibn Hazm names them 'Banu Riyah who ruined Ifriqiya', and of them Banu Ali the Gabes amirs of Banu Jami' and other Arab chiefs. - گروہ
سبأ
The Sabaeans whose month-long ride of shaded gardens made them earth's crown until the dam's breach — Khalid ibn Safwan's barb: a rat drowned them, a woman ruled them, a hoopoe guided them. - گروہ
الصابئة الحرانيون
The Harranian Sabians — 'the Greek vulgate, the padding of the ancient philosophers' in al-Mas'udi's phrase: their surviving temple in 332 was Mighlitiya at Harran, Azar's shrine with four vaults of planetary idols made to speak by hidden priests; al-Razi wrote a book on their doctrines apart from the rival Kimariyyun; the Christians patterned their priesthood on theirs. - گروہ
سليح
The Quda'id tribe that displaced Tanukh in Syria, was Christianised and set over the Arabs by Rome, and held the kingship until Ghassan prevailed. - گروہ
السامرة
The Samaritans — in al-Baladhuri 'Jews, of two sects: one called the Dustan and one called the Kushan'; Abu Ubayda compounded with them in the Jordan and Filastin districts to serve as scouts and guides for the Muslims, against head-jizya with their land exempted; Yazid ibn Mu'awiya later laid kharaj on their lands at five dinars a head; their lands entered the crown estates after al-Rashid's sweeping plague, and a portion of their kharaj was remitted in year 246. - گروہ
صنهاجة
One of the three great Berber nations alongside Lamta and Hawwara, dwelling in the Sahara and its mountains; from them came the Mulaththamun tribes Lamtuna, Guddala and Massufa who built the Almoravid state, and the Zirid and Hammadid royal houses of Ifriqiya and the Qal'a, their remnant still in the desert in Ibn Khaldun's day. - گروہ
الصقالبة
al-Mas'udi's Slavs — Japhetic peoples of the northern clime reaching toward the Maghrib: the Walinana whose ancient king Majak once held sway over all, then the Istabrana, Dulawa, Namujin (bravest horsemen), Manabin, the dreaded Sartin who burn themselves and their mounts on a king's pyre like the Indians, Sasin, Jurwaniq, Khashanin and Branjabin; kings of his day include the king of al-Dayr whose towns Muslim merchants visit, the king of the Awanj who wars on Romans, Franks and Nukaburd, and the 'king of the Turk', fairest and fiercest of them. - گروہ
السيايجة
The Sayabija — Sindhi captives of the Persian jund who, hearing the asawira's story, converted and were lodged by Abu Musa in Banu Hanzala at Basra; a body of them, forty or four hundred, stood watch over Basra's treasury. - گروہ
صوفة (بنو الغوث بن مرة)
Banu al-Ghawth ibn Murra of the Ilyas ibn Mudar line, called Sufa; under Khuza'a's rule they held the right to lead the pilgrims from Arafa to Muzdalifa and to release them from Mina on the day of departure: none threw the stones until a man of Sufa threw, and they held both sides of the pass until they had passed; when they died out, Banu Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat of Tamim inherited the office. - گروہ
سغوة
A tribe among the Zaghawa: nomadic herders with many camels. The author says they weave cloth from camel hair for tents and live on their milk and meat. - گروہ
تنوخ
The Quda'a-line tribe whose three kings — al-Nu'man, Amr and al-Hawari — ruled the Arabs of Syria under Rome before Saliḥ displaced them and embraced Christianity. - گروہ
طسم
Descendants of Tasm ibn Lawdh who marched after 'Amaliq and settled Bahrayn — one of the vanished Arabic mother-tribes. - گروہ
طيء
A Kahlani tribe of Qahtan that moved north after al-Azd and settled the two mountains Aja and Salma, which became known as the mountains of Tayy; parts of it adopted Christianity, and its Iyas ibn Qabisa governed al-Hira for Khosrow. - گروہ
ثمود
Descendants of Thamud ibn 'Abir who marched to al-Hijr and the Wadi al-Qura between Syria and the Hijaz — among the vanished Arabic-speaking nations and the people of the prophet Salih. - گروہ
ثقيف
The tribe of Ta'if, keepers of the sanctuary of al-Lat — who drove the Prophet out with stones when he came to them alone, then, after Hunayn, negotiated their city into Islam on their own terms. - گروہ
البلغر
- گروہ
زناتة
Zanata, among the greatest Berber tribes; of the Baranis stock in the genealogists' count, their homeland the Middle and Far Maghreb, Sijilmasa and its marches, tent-dwellers and settlers both — their tiers: the first Maghrawa, Banu Yafran and Miknasa; the second Awlad Mandil, Musamida and their kin; the third Banu Badin including Banu Tujin and the royal houses of the Marinids of Fez and Abd al-Wadids of Tlemcen — from them rose Abu Yazid 'Man of the Donkey' against the Fatimids, and they obeyed by turns the Marwanid and Fatimid da'wa until the Almoravid state arose. - گروہ
زواوة
Zawawa of the Kutama, among the greatest Berber branches; their homeland the soaring peaks and forbidding highlands around Bijaya to Tidels — many clans, folk of the fray and mighty prowess in the Maghreb's fitnas, who contested the Hammadids of the Qal'a, the Zirids and the Abd al-Wadids, and kept their mountain ways to Ibn Khaldun's day. - گروہ
زغبة
Zughba of the Hilal ibn Amir branches; a great mass in the Zanata lands who won the districts of the Zab and Biskra out toward Tlemcen's marches — long wars and battles ran between them and the Banu Ya'la amirs of Tlemcen, and most of the Arab captains in the Middle Maghreb's fitnas under the Abd al-Wadids and Marinids came of them. - گروہ
الزط
The Zutt — a Sindhi people among the captives taken for the Persian jund; pre-Islamic they pastured the coasts and the Taff, then hearing of the asawira they converted and Abu Musa lodged them in Banu Hanzala at Basra. A second mass al-Hajjaj settled with families and buffaloes in Kaskar's lowlands overran the batiha and cut the roads under al-Ma'mun, till Ujayf ibn Anbasa took them wholesale for al-Mu'tasim and scattered them to Khaniqin, Ayn Zarba and the thughur. - سفر
من عدن إلى زيلع في البحر في رحلة ابن بطوطة
- سفر
غزوة بني سليم بالكدر
- سفر
من عيذاب إلى جدة في طريق الحج
- سفر
مسير جيش المدينة إلى بدر
The Muslim army's route from Medina to Badr in Ramadan 2 AH: out of Medina's pass to Bir al-Rawha, off the Mecca road at al-Naziya to Rahqan and the Safra pass, then Dhi Afran, al-Asafir and al-Dabba, to the wells of Badr. - سفر
من بدر إلى المدينة في رحلة ابن جبير
- سفر
من بغداد إلى دمشق شمالاً ثم غرباً على طريق ابن جبير
- سفر
من بغداد إلى المدينة على طريق الحاج العراقي
- سفر
من البصرة إلى فارس وعراق العجم على طريق ابن بطوطة
- سفر
غزوة بحران
- سفر
من القاهرة إلى عيذاب على درب الصعيد
- سفر
غزوة ذي أمر
- سفر
مسيرة فتح مكة
The march of the ten-thousand-strong army of the Conquest from Medina to Mecca in Ramadan 8 AH (January 630 CE): departing Medina on 10 Ramadan, breaking fast at al-Kudayd, encamping with 10,000 fires at Marr al-Zahran, halting at Dhu Tuwa to divide columns, and entering Mecca. - سفر
درب الهجرة الأولى إلى الحبشة
The first group of Muslims left Mecca in Rajab of the fifth year of prophethood, twelve men and four women, slipping to the port of Shu'ayba, where two trading ships carried them to Abyssinia. Some returned to Mecca on false news and went back; Quraysh then sent a delegation with gifts to the Negus. - سفر
من غرناطة إلى القاهرة في رحلة ابن جبير إلى الحج
- سفر
مسير النبي إلى الحديبية
The Prophet's march from Medina to al-Hudaybiyya in Dhu al-Qa'da of year 6 AH, on pilgrimage with those who followed him: past Dhu al-Hulayfa, near Usfan, then by a rough track between the hills over Thaniyyat al-Mirar to the far end of al-Hudaybiyya. - سفر
من مكة إلى حنين فالطائف ثم العودة
The march after the conquest of Mecca in Shawwal 8 AH: from Mecca to the valley of Hunayn where the battle took place, the pursuit of the Hawazin and Thaqif remnants to Awtas and Ta'if, the siege of Ta'if, then the return by way of al-Ji'rana, the umra and Medina. The book names only the stops it gives, so only those are listed. - سفر
درب الطائف
- سفر
من مكة إلى العراق مروراً بالمدينة مع ركب العراق
- سفر
من المدينة إلى مكة على درب الركب الشامي
- سفر
درب غزوة بني المصطلق
The march of the Prophet from Medina in Sha'ban 6 AH to the watering-place of al-Muraysi' near Qudayd, where the raid took place, and the return to Medina; the book names only these two stops and does not give the halts between them. - سفر
من قوص إلى عيذاب في الصحراء، طريق ابن جبير
- سفر
عودة مهاجري الحبشة إلى خيبر
The emigrants' voyage from Abyssinia to the Prophet at Khaybar in the two ships the Negus provided, with Amr ibn Umayya al-Damri, after al-Hudaybiyya. Ibn Ishaq names neither the port nor the route, and says they arrived while the Prophet was at Khaybar. - سفر
من صنعاء إلى عدن في رحلة ابن بطوطة
- سفر
من صقلية إلى غرناطة في رحلة ابن جبير عائداً
- سفر
من تبريز إلى الموصل وديار بكر ثم العودة إلى بغداد
- سفر
مسير النبي إلى تبوك ورجوعه
The Prophet's march from Medina to Tabuk in Rajab of year nine and his return, by the halting-places Ibn Ishaq names: Thaniyyat al-Wada' where he camped, al-Jurf where Ali caught up, al-Hijr, and Tabuk where he stayed some ten nights, and Wadi al-Mushaqqaq on the way back. Ibn Ishaq does not order every stop; the return section (Dhi Awan) was completed in a later batch. - سفر
من تلمسان إلى القاهرة في رحلة ابن بطوطة من المغرب
- شخصیت
أبغا بن هلاكو
Abaga ibn Hulagu, second Ilkhan of the Hulaguid line in Iraq; succeeding his father in 663 AH he marched on Syria in 680 in concert with Mengu-Timur, king of the northern Dasht, camped at Hama with his brother Mongke-Timur, and al-Mansur Qalawun of Egypt and Syria met them outside Homs — the day went against the Tatar kings, many were slain and captured, and Abaga fled from the Rahba camping-ground back to his lands defeated. - شخصیت
أبان اللاحقي
A poet and man of letters from Basra who attached himself to the Barmakids and served as their poet; he versified the Kalila wa-Dimna in verse. - شخصیت
أبان بن سعيد بن العاص
Of Banu Abd Shams, brother of Khalid and Amr the sons of Sa'id; Ibn Ishaq attributes to him verses addressed to his brothers when they became Muslim, and Khalid answered him. - شخصیت
أبان بن عثمان
Aban ibn Uthman ibn Affan; a Medinan jurist once its governor, who lashed the dirham-cutter thirty and paraded him — for hollowing and salting with counterfeits. - شخصیت
عباد بن بشر
A Companion of Banu Abd al-Ashhal; Musa ibn Uqba lists him among those at Badr and says he took part in the killing of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf; Aisha said three of the Ansar had no one to rival them in merit: Usayd ibn Hudayr, Sa'd ibn Mu'adh and Abbad ibn Bishr. - شخصیت
عباد بن حنيف
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: brother of Sahl ibn Hunayf, of Banu Amr ibn Awf. - شخصیت
عبّاد بن قيس
Companion from the Ansar, of Banu al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj; martyred at Mu'tah alongside Abd Allah ibn Rawaha. - شخصیت
عباد بن زياد
Abbad ibn Ziyad; from Sijistan he crossed the mafaza and stormed Qandahar — and the tall caps of its folk became the 'Abbadiyya. - شخصیت
عبادة أم جعفر البرمكي
Ja'far al-Barmaki's mother — seen on a feast-day in rags, telling what had befallen her house. - شخصیت
العباس بن عبد المطلب
تقریباً 568 عیسویAn uncle of the Prophet, captured with the Meccan side at Badr and later a Muslim, whose descendants founded the Abbasid caliphate. - شخصیت
عباد بن الحصين الحبطي
Abbas ibn al-Husayn al-Hibati; he warned Humran ibn Aban of al-Hajjaj's threat — 'if he claims Arab descent and won't own his father and his fiefdom to Uthman, I'll strike his neck' — so Humran gifted him the west bank that became Abbadan, whose first garrisoner he was. Before that he held Ibn Samura's shurta at Kabul — a whole night spearing the foe till dawn; al-Hasan: I never thought one man could stand for a thousand until I saw Abbad ibn al-Husayn. - شخصیت
عباس بن فرناس
Abbas ibn Firnas, the Andalusi astronomer who discovered in his workshop a way of making crystal — and who, in a remarkable experiment, launched himself on a glider, sailed high in the air, fell and rose unharmed, thus foreshadowing the idea of flight in the Middle Ages. - شخصیت
العباس بن مرداس السلمي
A knight, poet and chieftain of Banu Sulaym; he embraced Islam prior to the conquest of Mecca after a miraculous encounter with his idol Dimar, led the Sulaym contingent at the Conquest and Hunayn, and was renowned for his stirring war poetry. - شخصیت
عبد الأعلى بن عبد الله بن عامر
Abd al-A'la ibn Abdallah ibn Amir; he won the canal suit against Harb ibn Salm, then gave it back — 'by God, never shall I take back what I made his'. - شخصیت
الداركي أبو القاسم عبد العزيز بن عبد الله
- شخصیت
عبد العزيز بن عبد الله بن عامر
Abd al-Aziz ibn Abdallah ibn Amir; governed Sijistan for the Zubayrid al-Quba' — al-Harith ibn Abdallah ibn Abi Rabi'a — entered Zaranj and warred on Rutbil till Abu Afra'a Umayr killed him; then emptied the treasury and left on Ibn Nashira's counsel, was restored by Waki' ibn Abi Sud, and expelled Ibn Nashira who fell by his stumbling horse. - شخصیت
عبد العزيز بن حاتم بن النعمان الباهلي
Abd al-Aziz ibn Hatim ibn al-Nu'man ibn Amr al-Bahili; in al-Baladhuri: he governed Armenia after his brother Abdallah ibn Hatim, who had died there as Mu'awiya's governor, and built the city of Dabil, fortified it and enlarged its mosque, built the city of Nashwa, repaired Bardha'a — or, it is said, renewed its building — dug the two Fariq moats about it soundly, and renewed the city of al-Baylaqan, these cities having been ruined and decayed; al-Waqidi says Abd al-Malik built Bardha'a by the hand of Hatim ibn al-Nu'man al-Bahili or his son. - شخصیت
عبد العزيز بن مروان
- شخصیت
عبد العزيز بن موسى بن نصير
Mus a ibn Nusayr's son, left as his deputy in al-Andalus with his seat at Seville; he secured the frontiers, founded many cities and was the best of its governors, until the army killed him after 95 on Sulayman's orders — one charge being his marriage to Roderic's widow Umm Asim — and his head was laid before his father. - شخصیت
عبد العزيز بن يحيى الكناني
- شخصیت
عبد العزيز
تقریباً 1830 عیسوی · تقریباً 1246 ھ†Abdülaziz (r. 1277–1293/1861–1876) — deposed and then killed in the 1876 palace coup, 'a matter known to history and recorded in the documents'. - شخصیت
عبد الغفار الأخرس
تقریباً 1805 عیسوی · تقریباً 1220 ھ†A poet from Mosul who moved to Baghdad and grew up there. He was called al-Akhras because of a speech impediment. - شخصیت
عبد الغني بن سعيد الأزدي
تقریباً 941 عیسوی · تقریباً 329 ھ†Hadith memoriser of Egypt, from a family known for hadith transmission. - شخصیت
عبد الحميد الأول
Abd al-Hamid I (r. 1187–1203/1773–1788) — came from the palace seclusion to sign away the Black Sea: Küçük Kaynarca (1774) freed Crimea, opened Ottoman waters to Russian ships and gave Russia a protected church in Galata. - شخصیت
عبد الحميد بن عبد الرحمن بن زيد بن الخطاب
- شخصیت
عبد الحميد بن باديس
1889 عیسوی · 1307 ھAn Algerian scholar and leader of the reform movement, born in Constantine in 1889 and died in 1940. - شخصیت
عبد الحميد بن يحيى
Marwan ibn Muhammad's scribe; in al-Baladhuri he would say of the diwan's translator Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman: 'God reward Salih — how great his favor to the scribes.' - شخصیت
عبد الحميد الثاني
Abd al-Hamid II (r. 1293–1327/1876–1909) — ruled under a constitution hostage to his person: ministers, treaties, war and law all his alone. His pan-Islamic counterweight: the Shaykhs' Council, the Arab Tribal School for sons of chiefs, and correspondence with the Arab amirs — against British approaches to the Sharif of Mecca and the imams of Yemen and Asir. - شخصیت
أبو زيد عبد الحميد بن الوليد الكبد
- شخصیت
عبد الحق الإشبيلي الأزدي
Abd al-Haqq al-Ishbili al-Azdi, author of al-Aqiba and al-Ihkam, of whose grave-minded verse the Nafh preserves a warning on death and the Return. - شخصیت
عبد الحق بن محيو
Abd al-Haqq ibn Mahyu ibn Abi Bakr ibn Hammama al-Zanati al-Marini; eldest of Mahyu's sons, he led Banu Marin after him — 'the best amir over them in serving their interests, holding back from their goods, keeping them to the course and weighing outcomes' — grazing the steppe between Figuig and Mulwiya, winning the 'year of al-Mushaghghala' rout of al-Rashid's armies at the Nekur plain, then falling in the year-614 war against Banu Muhammad's confederation, he and his eldest son Idris together, leaving ten children of whom Uthman, Muhammad and Abu Yahya would carry the house. - شخصیت
عبد الجبار الجومرد
1909 عیسوی · 1328 ھAn Iraqi historian born in Mosul in 1909, raised in a learned household. - شخصیت
عبد المجيد العجمي الحلبي
Ibn al-Athir's Aleppine friend — he and his house 'foremost of the Sunnis at Aleppo', a man of abundant chivalry — died 12 Rabi' I 628. - شخصیت
عبد المجيد الأول
Abdülmecid I — Mahmud II's son, 'of slight build, sharp mind, realistic and merciful'; under Mustafa Rashid Pasha's hand the Tanzimat ran on three tracks: Western military and administrative models, secularising the social order, and centralising Istanbul's power over the provinces. - شخصیت
الخليفة عبد المجيد الثاني
Abdülmecid II — the last Ottoman caliph, who wore Mehmed the Conqueror's turban and Sulayman's sword to the Friday crowds until Mustafa Kemal barred him, halved his stipend and had the caliphate abolished and him exiled in March 1924. - شخصیت
عبد الملك المظفر بن أبي عامر
Al-Mansur's son who conquered Fez from Ziri b. Atiyya in 386, parcelled out the Maghrib among the Zanata kings, and succeeded his father in the hajibate. - شخصیت
عبد الملك بن أبي حرة
Narrator from his father, 'the most knowledgeable man on the Sawad'; in al-Baladhuri he lists from him Umar's ten sawafi heads, their seven-million-dirham yield, and the register's burning in the Jamajim. - شخصیت
أبو نعيم الاستراباذي
- شخصیت
عبد الملك بن حبيب
Abd al-Malik b. Habib, Cordoba's scholar who carried his learning east in a stuffed bookbag — his reported answer to the scorners of his small frame: pearls lie unlooked-for in dung-heaps. - شخصیت
عبد الملك بن محمد بن عطية السعدي
Marwan's commander who destroyed the Hijazi-Yemeni Ibadis — Balakh at Wadi al-Qura, Abu Hamza at Mecca, Talib al-Haqq at Jurash — and entered San'a'. - شخصیت
عبد الملك بن موسى بن نصير
A son of Musa b. Nusayr who, in Ibn Sa'id's account, held the government of the far Maghreb while his brothers Abd al-Aziz and Abdallah ruled al-Andalus and Ifriqiya. - شخصیت
عبد الملك بن قطن الفهري
Twice governor of al-Andalus; harsh in rule, he raided Gascony, killed his successor Uqba in a coup, and was himself killed at seventy by the Syrian commander Balj b. Bishr, against whom his sons Qatan and Umayya then led the Fihrid revolt. - شخصیت
عبد الملك بن رفاعة الفهمي
- شخصیت
عبد الملك بن صالح
Abd al-Malik ibn Salih ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn al-Abbas, the Abbasid prince who governed the frontier marches in al-Rashid's era; in al-Baladhuri: when the people of Cyprus gave fresh offence under his governorship he wished to annul their treaty, the jurists being accessible, and wrote to al-Layth ibn Sa'd, Malik ibn Anas, Sufyan ibn Uyayna, Musa ibn A'yun, Isma'il ibn Ayyash, Yahya ibn Hamza, Abu Ishaq al-Fazari and Makhlad ibn al-Husayn for their rulings — an early instance of a governor formally consulting the age's jurists on the law of treaty-peoples. - شخصیت
عبد المسيح بن بقيلة
Guide to Kufa's site; in al-Baladhuri he told Sa'd 'I will show you land sunk below the steppe and raised above the floodpools,' directing him to today's Kufa — called Suristan. - شخصیت
عبد المؤمن بن علي القمي
Abd al-Mumin ibn Ali of Kumiyya; he met Ibn Tumart at Mellala, devoted himself to him, and became the caliph of the Almohad empire that united both Maghrebs. - شخصیت
عبد المطلب بن هاشم
تقریباً 497 عیسویThe Prophet Muhammad's grandfather and guardian, a leading elder of Quraysh remembered in tradition for restoring the well of Zamzam and leading Mecca at the time of Abraha's campaign. - شخصیت
عبد النبي صاحب زبيد
Abd al-Nabi, master of Zabid, who had cut the Abbasid khutba — confident the heat would kill the invaders 'save a lizard's bite', he rode out against Turanshah in Rajab 569, lost, and was taken with his pious wife al-Hurra; handed to Sayf al-Dawla Mubarak ibn Kamil of Shayzar's Banu Munqidh to yield up his treasures, including his father's grave-hoard. - شخصیت
عبد القادر البغدادي
1621 عیسوی · 1030 ھBorn in Baghdad, he was drawn to literature and the study of Arabic from childhood. He wrote Khizanat al-Adab. - شخصیت
عبد القادر الجزائري
1807 عیسوی · تقریباً 1222 ھAmir Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza'iri, the scholar-poet who led the Algerian jihad: elected by the Algerians when the French entered the country, he fought them fifteen years, minted the 'Hamdiyya' coinage and built arms works; exiled after his 1847 surrender to Toulon then Amboise, freed by Napoleon III, he settled in Damascus in 1855 and died there in 1883. - شخصیت
عبد القادر الجيلاني
1078 عیسوی · 470 ھOne of the major masters of Sunni Sufism, named after Gilan. He had a large influence on preaching and spiritual guidance. - شخصیت
عبد القاهر الجرجاني
The grammarian 'Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, Shafi'i-Ash'ari master of thirty-volume works and the terse al-Jumal and al-'Umda; a thief once emptied his house while he prayed and he did not break his prayer, and he wrote bitter verse — 'live as an ass and live happy: luck rides the stars of the beasts'. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن الداخل
Abd al-Rahman ibn Muawiya ibn Hisham the Umayyad 'al-Dakhil', who entered al-Andalus in 138 and seized it, the land remaining in his sons' hands past the year 400; a man of learning and justice with a Berber mother — 'the world is ruled by two sons of Berber women.' He took only the title amir, not Commander of the Faithful, as did his sons. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله الغافقي
Governor of al-Andalus under Ubayd Allah b. al-Habhab of Ifriqiya; he entered in 113, campaigned deep into Frankish lands, and his army was destroyed with him at Balat al-Shuhada in Ramadan 114. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن الجبرتي
1754 عیسوی · 1167 ھThe historian of Egypt, who recorded its events and the lives of its men in the era of the French expedition and after. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن الكواكبي
1849 عیسوی · 1265 ھ†Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi (1849–1902 CE) of Aleppo — the reformist author of Umm al-Qura and Taba'i' al-Istibdad, which 'resounded on their publication'. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن الثعالبي
1385 عیسوی · 786 ھAn Algerian scholar linked to the Tha'aliba tribe, who lived on the Mitija plain. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بدوي
1917 عیسوی · 1336 ھAn Egyptian professor of philosophy and one of the most important historians of Arab philosophy. He helped establish philosophical study in the Arab world. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر
Abu Bakr's son who fought at Badr on the pagan side before his good Islam; his numerous progeny, nomad and settled, hold the Safiniyyat and al-Mash country beside the Iraq road. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن أبرى
Abd al-Rahman ibn Abra, Khuza'a's mawla; in Abu Ubayda's account Ali's first agent over Khurasan, before Ja'da ibn Hubayra. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن العباس الهاشمي
Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Abbas ibn Rabi'a ibn al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib; out with Ibn al-Ash'ath, he fled to Herat, killed al-Ruqad al-Mutakki and levied kharaj — beaten by Yazid ibn al-Muhallab who forbade pursuit, he fled on to Sind. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن هبة الله بن عساكر
Shafi'i faqih of Damascus of Ibn Asakir's house — 'abundant in knowledge, learned in the madhhab, much given to piety, asceticism and good'; died at Damascus Ramadan 620. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن عتاب بن أسيد
The 'queen-bee of Quraysh' killed at the Camel — Ali's mourning over him drew al-Ashtar's rebuke and the famous answer 'women rose between me and them who never rose between me and you'; his severed hand was found days later at Mina, seal-ring intact, dropped by an eagle. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن عوف
One of the first band of eight; he accepted Islam at Abu Bakr's invitation during the secret call in Mecca. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن هرمز الأعرج
The Successor traditionist Abd al-Rahman ibn Hormoz al-A'raj, who met several Companions and transmitted from them; his best-known kunya is Abu Dawud. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن جزء الطائي
Abd al-Rahman ibn Jaza' al-Ta'i; Ali's envoy to Sijistan, killed by Hasaka ibn Utab — Ali swore to kill four thousand of the Habata, and was told they were not even five hundred. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن مهدي
- شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الباهلي
Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Bahili, Qutayba's brother; sent against Khurrazad he killed him and slew four thousand captives. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن ربيعة
Commander of Derbent under Uthman: warned in writing not to plunge the army into the Caucasus, he marched on Balanjar in AH 32, fell against the Turk-Khazar host, and his body was kept by Balanjar's people in a coffin used in rain-prayers — his sword was named Dhu'l-Nur. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن رستم الإمام
Ibadi imam and founder of the Rustamid state; after ruling Kairouan he fled to Tahert and founded the city in 144, where the Ibadi Berbers rallied to him. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن سمرة
Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura ibn Habib ibn Abd Shams; Ibn Amir's governor of Sijistan — Zaranj's marzban truced under feast-day siege for two million and two thousand wadif; he conquered to Kish and the Dawar country, trapped them in Jabal al-Zur, cut the hand off the gold ruby-eyed Zur idol and took its eyes: 'yours — I meant to show you it neither harms nor benefits'; Bust and Zabil by compact. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن عبيد التميمي
- شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن عسيلة الصنابحي
- شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن زياد
Abd al-Rahman ibn Ziyad; a sharif whom Mu'awiya made over Khurasan after Sa'id ibn Uthman's dismissal — he held it at Mu'awiya's death. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن زياد بن أنعم
694 عیسوی · 75 ھThe scholar, traditionist and judge Abu Khalid Abd al-Rahman ibn Ziyad ibn An'am al-Mu'afiri al-Sha'bani, known in the African East; he transmitted hadith and held judicial office. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن الثاني بن الحكم
Fifth Umayyad emir of Córdoba (AH 206–238): he rode out himself to welcome Ziryab from Iraq in 206; in 230 the Majus stormed Seville and were beaten back through Sidonia, Niebla, Beja and Lisbon; in 231 his mangonels took León — its wall seventeen cubits thick proved too wide to raze. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن الناصر لدين الله الأموي
The Andalusian amir Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad the Umayyad; as the umma weakened he grew resolute — 'I am the worthiest of the caliphate' — styled amir al-mu'minin al-Nasir li-Din Allah, mastered most of al-Andalus, rooted out the usurpers and took seventy fortresses. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن شنجول بن المنصور
Al-Mansur's son 'Sanjul' — little Sancho, for his Christian grandfather — who forced the captive caliph Hisham to name him heir in a formal deed of Rabi I 398, the provocation that sparked the Berber fitna and ended with the armies surrendering him to death. - شخصیت
عبد الرزاق البيطار
1837 عیسوی · 1253 ھ†Abd al-Razzaq al-Bitar (d. 1335 AH/1917 CE) — Damascene reformist scholar and author of Hilyat al-Bashar, the biographical dictionary of the thirteenth century AH. - شخصیت
عبد الصمد بن علي
An Abbasid who led the pilgrimage in 150 AH and 155 AH, according to al-Mas'udi's list of pilgrimage leaders. - شخصیت
عبد الوهاب بن علي البغدادي
973 عیسوی · 362 ھA Maliki jurist, legal theorist, hadith scholar and poet from Baghdad, known as Ibn Nasr. - شخصیت
عبد الوهاب بن إبراهيم الإمام
Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim al-Imam, son of the da'wa's imam Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ali; in al-Baladhuri: al-Mansur sent him in year 140 as governor of the Jazira and its frontier with al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba among the Khurasani armies, proclaiming a levy on Syria and the Jazira until seventy thousand converged, and he camped on Malatya building it with labourers gathered from every land — when al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba's feeding of the people from his own purse nettled him he wrote to Abu Ja'far accusing him, and the answer came: 'O boy! al-Hasan feeds from his own money, and you feed from mine — nothing comes of you but smallness of worth, littleness of ambition and foolishness of opinion.' - شخصیت
عبد الواحد بن عبد الله النضري
- شخصیت
عبد الواحد بن الموفق
Al-Muwaffaq's pleasure-loving son, harmless to the throne yet killed by the vizier al-Qasim. - شخصیت
عبد الواحد بن زيد
An ascetic, exemplar and preacher, known as the leading worshipper of Basra. He transmitted from al-Hasan al-Basri and Ata' ibn Abi Rabah. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن المبارك
- شخصیت
عبد الله بن أيوب التيمي
A hadith scholar of Basra, a client of the Taym Allah clan. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن جبير بن النعمان الأنصاري الأوسي
An Ansari Companion of the Aws who fought at Badr. The Prophet appointed him commander of the fifty-archer detachment at Uhud and charged them not to leave their position on the hill in victory or defeat. When most of his men left seeking spoils, he held firm with nine others on the hill. He was killed by Khalid ibn al-Walid and his cavalry when they executed the flanking manoeuvre. He was a Badri, which is a high honour. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن مالك الجيشاني
- شخصیت
عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبي
A memorizing, devout and authoritative hadith scholar from Medina. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن مقداد الأقفهسي
1344 عیسوی · 745 ھThe Maliki jurist Jamal al-Din Abd Allah ibn Miqdad al-Aqfahsi of Cairo, to whom the leadership of the Maliki school and fatwa in Egypt passed in his time; he also held the judgeship. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن محمد الأزدي
Abu Abd al-Rahman, shaykh of Abu Dawud and al-Nasa'i; hauled in irons to al-Wathiq he asked Ibn Abi Du'ad: did the Prophet know this doctrine and leave it alone, or not know it? — 'He knew it' — 'then it sufficed him not to call people to it, but it does not suffice you?' They were dumbfounded; al-Wathiq laughed, gave him three hundred dinars, sent him home, examined no one after, and loathed Ibn Abi Du'ad from that day. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن رواحة
Companion from the Ansar and poet of early Islam; appointed third commander of the Mu'tah expedition. After both of his comrades Zayd and Ja'far were killed he hesitated briefly then charged and was martyred. The Prophet announced his death while still in Medina, reporting in a vision that his throne was slightly tilted beside his companions' because of his hesitation before pressing on. - شخصیت
عبد ضخم بن إرم
Descendant of Aram who settled al-Ta'if and vanished with his people — yet credited by one report with inventing Arabic writing and the twenty-nine letters of the alphabet. - شخصیت
عبد كلال بن مثوب
The Himyarite Tubba' who came up to Yamama and destroyed the remnants of Tasm and Jadis — crucifying the Jadisite woman Yamama bint Murr on the gate of Jaww, which took her name. - شخصیت
عبد مناف بن قصي
Son of Qusayy who had already risen to leadership in his father’s lifetime; after his death his sons contested the offices with the sons of Abd al-Dar, and the siqaya and rifada fell to his line — inherited by Hashim, then al-Muttalib, then Abd al-Muttalib. - شخصیت
عبد ياليل بن عمرو
Chief of Thaqif who led the six-man delegation to the Prophet in Ramadan 9 AH after initially refusing the mission for fear of meeting Urwa ibn Mas'ud's fate; he negotiated the terms and the demolition of al-Lat. - شخصیت
عبد الله البطال
Al-Battal the renowned champion; under his hand Khanjara was conquered in year eight of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik's caliphate. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عبد الله بن الأهثم أبو حاقان
Abdallah ibn al-Ahtham, Abu Haqan — Qutayba's Marw deputy whose denunciation al-Hajjaj returned; forewarned he fled to Syria peddling wine, flax, then oil as one-eyed 'Abu Tutayna' — until al-Walid's death, when his unmasking sermon for Sulayman made him 'the most eloquent of men'. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن أبي بكر بن حزم
Abdallah ibn Abi Bakr ibn Hazm — second-tier maghazi writer whose grandfather Amr ibn Hazm was the Prophet's envoy to Yemen and whose father received Umar II's hadith-collecting letter; his marriage into the A'isha–Amra transmission line made him a pillar of the sira books. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن الأحمر
The Penitents' poet — his march-songs mourned Husayn, reproached the Kufans' abandonment, and drove them to 'Ayn al-Warda. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن الأصبهاني
Abdallah ibn al-Asbahani; Basra's Dar Ibn al-Asbahani bears his name — he commanded four hundred men when he met al-Mukhtar under Mus'ab, on the right wing. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن الحسن
Abdallah ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, father of Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya and Ibrahim; in al-Baladhuri al-Mansur imprisoned him at the Kufa Hashimiyya over his sons — his grave is there. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن الكواء اليشكري
The Bakri whom the Hururiyya made their prayer-leader at Harura' — part of the secession Ali argued back into Kufa. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن الربيع بن زياد
Abdallah ibn al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad al-Harithi; succeeded his father over Khurasan in 53h, fought Amul and Zamm into a sulh, and died at Marw two months later. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن علي
Abdallah ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas, the Abbasid commander; in al-Baladhuri he stayed at Basra, and Abu al-Asad — al-Mansur's mawla — was the one who brought him into Kufa; a fugitive from al-Mansur at his brother Sulayman's in Basra, the crowd cried at his door 'Commander of the Faithful, come down, we give you bay'a' till Sulayman dispersed them. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن علوان
Abdallah ibn Alwan; he severed Qutayba's head after the faza's pole crushed his skull. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عمرو الكوسج
Abdallah ibn Amr al-Thaqafi al-Kawsaj; when Abu Bakra and his brother Nafi' contested the Kawsajan tract, he offered himself as arbiter, ruled it to himself and they yielded — or, as told, asked a leap's-width water share and leapt thirty cubits. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عياش المنتوف
Al-Mansur's table-companion — source of the arrow-verse, the ''ayn kills 'ayn' riddle, and the Umm Salama elegies. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن بديل
Abdallah ibn Budayl ibn Warqa' al-Khuza'i; in al-Baladhuri sent by Umar to Isbahan in 23 — took Jayy by treaty after fighting, dueled and honored the fleeing marzban al-Fadhusfan, secured jizya for his townspeople, mastered Isbahan's land and tasasij, and set its kharaj on al-Ahwaz's model. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن دراج
Mu'awiya's mawla; in al-Baladhuri he had estates reclaimed during his tenure of Kufa's kharaj office under al-Mughira — dead land, stagnant waters, springs and reed-beds staked with milestones — which al-Hajjaj then seized for Abd al-Malik and cultivated. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن همام السلولي
The Umayyad-era poet on Yazid's pre-death bay'a for his son: 'catch it from your father, Mu'awiya — pass it from Yazid and hurl it at the distant mark'. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن إباض
Abdallah ibn Ibad — the eponym of the Ibadiyya, the one Khariji branch to survive, in North Africa, Oman, Hadramawt and Zanzibar, with a fiqh and kalam of its own shaped partly by the Mu'tazila. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن جبير
al-'Abbas's mawla — died 105. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن خباب
Ali's governor of Mada'in — slaughtered with his pregnant wife's womb split open when the Kharijites mustered under Ibn Wahb, the atrocity that helped bring Ali to Nahrawan. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن خازم السلمي
Abdallah ibn Khazim ibn Asma' ibn al-Salt al-Sulami; his Basra house came as a qati'a from his aunt Dajaja, Abdallah ibn Amir's mother. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن مالك الخزاعي
The master of al-Rashid's household and guard summoned at an unwonted hour to release Musa ibn Ja'far after the spear-dream. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن معمر اليشكري
Abdallah ibn Ma'mar al-Yashkari; Yazid's governor of Dihistan and al-Biyasan with four thousand — the Ispahbadh's letter to the marzban had him and his men slaughtered unaware in their quarters. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن معاوية بن عبد الله بن جعفر
The Ja'farid Talibi who held Istakhr and Fars in the last Umayyad fitna, then fled to Khurasan where Abu Muslim seized him — a sect claiming his imamate. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن محمد الأموي
Eighth Umayyad emir of Córdoba (AH 275–300): the treasury's third-of-a-million reserve was consumed by years of revolt and warlordry across the provinces; a poet-emir whose lampoon to his vizier al-Nadr ibn Salama ran 'you are fit only for the privy'. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن مصعب
The traducer whose false word against Musa ibn 'Abd Allah was answered by three-day leprosy and a grave that would not hold him. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن مطيع العدوي
The Medinan noble who commanded with Ibn Hanzala at the Harra, then governed Kufa for Ibn al-Zubayr until al-Mukhtar drove him from the citadel. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن نجدة
The clansman who found the fleeing Shabib ibn Bajra at his lodging stripping off his armour — heard the tale and came back with his sword. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن ناشرة التميمي
Abdallah ibn Nashira al-Tamimi; he counselled Abd al-Aziz to empty Sijistan's treasury and leave, then came himself and entered Zaranj — expelled by Waki' ibn Abi Sud, he raised a host and fought till his horse stumbled and he was killed, elegized as 'no youth after Ibn Nashira the youth'. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن قيس الأشعري
in al-Baladhuri, sent by Abu Musa al-Ash'ari with al-Sa'ib ibn al-Aqra' his son-in-law to al-Saymara, which was taken by treaty. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن سعد بن عمار
First of Ammar b. Yasir's line to enter al-Andalus; as amir of the Damascene Yamanis, Yusuf al-Fihri called on him against Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil, counting on the old blood-feud from Ammar's death at Siffin. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن سعد بن نفيل الأزدي
One of the five chiefs of the Penitent movement mustered at Nukhayla in 65 AH for the march to 'Ayn al-Warda. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن سوار العبدي
Abdallah ibn Sawar al-Abdi; frontier lord who gifted Mu'awiya Qiqani horses, then died at Qiqan to Turkish aid — so generous no other fire burned in his camp, and a lying-in woman's khabis meant three days' khabis for all. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن شبل الأنتمسي
Abdallah ibn Shibl al-Antamasi; he led al-Walid ibn Uqba's van in the 25 AH Azerbaijan campaign, raiding Muqan, al-Babar and al-Taylasan to plunder and captives. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عمر بن عبد العزيز
Abdallah ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz; Yazid ibn al-Walid's governor — the two-flask complaint of Basra's brackish water moved him to dig Nahr Ibn Umar: 'were the cost Iraq's whole kharaj, I would spend it'. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عتبة بن مسعود الهذلي
Ibn Mas'ud's nephew through his brother 'Utba the emigrant — died 86; his son 'Ubayd Allah ranked among the great scholars. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن وهب الراسبي
The Kharijites' first elected imam — four thousand under his bay'a at Mada'in, where Ibn Khabbab and his pregnant wife were slaughtered, before their annihilation at the Rumayla by Nahrawan in 38 AH. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن وال التميمي
One of the five Penitent leaders at Nukhayla before the 'Ayn al-Warda march. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن يحيى الكندي طالب الحق
The Ibadi Kharijite chief proclaimed Commander of the Faithful as 'Seeker of the Right' in 129 — killed in the Jurash battle, his remnant making Hadramawt Ibadi to Mas'udi's day. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن ياسين الجزولي
تقریباً 1008 عیسوی · تقریباً 400 ھAbdallah ibn Yasin al-Jazuli, founder of the Almoravid call; sent by the jurist Wajjaj b. Zallu with the returning Lamtuna pilgrims to teach them the Quran, rejected for his rigour, he withdrew with Yahya b. Umar to an island ribat until a thousand gathered, then declared that a thousand would not be beaten by fewness and rose. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن يزيد الإباضي
Kufa's Ibadi teacher — leather-seller and shop-partner of the Rafidi Hisham ibn al-Hakam, who answered his marriage-suit for Fatima only with 'she is a believer'. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عباس
تقریباً 619 عیسویThe Prophet's young cousin who grew up in Medina and became the tradition's founding authority on the interpretation of the Qur'an — remembered as the father of tafsir. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عبد الملك
Abdullah ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan the Umayyad; in al-Baladhuri: he led the summer raid of year 84, entering by the Antioch pass and coming to Masisa where he built the fortress on its ancient foundation, settling garrison troops among them three hundred picked men of known valour and building a mosque on the fortress hill, then marched on to take the fortress of Sinan and sent Yazid ibn Hunayn al-Ta'i al-Antaki raiding before returning. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عبد المطلب
تقریباً 545 عیسویThe Prophet's father; the handsomest, most chaste and best-loved of Abd al-Muttalib's sons, the 'sacrifice' on whom the lots fell and who was ransomed with a hundred camels; he married Amina bint Wahb and died at Medina aged twenty-five, before his son's birth according to most historians or two months after it by one report. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن أبي بكر
Abu Bakr's son, 'a bright, quick-witted youth' in Aisha's description, who spent the three cave nights with the fugitives, left before dawn to mingle with Quraysh by day, and brought them the news each evening. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن أبي حدرد الأسلمي
A Companion of Banu Aslam dispatched by the Prophet as an undercover scout to Hawazin's camp at Awtas before Hunayn; he stayed among them, overheard Malik ibn Awf's orders, and brought vital intelligence back to Medina's army. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن أبي ربيعة
One of Quraysh's two picked envoys — with Amr ibn al-As — sent to the Negus with gifts and coached arguments to extradite the Muslim migrants, before either man had accepted Islam. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن أبي أمية
A Qurashi nobleman of Banu Makhzum, brother of Umm Salama and maternal cousin of the Prophet; after opposing the early call, he accepted Islam on the road to the conquest of Mecca and was martyred by an arrow during the siege of Ta'if. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن الحارث الشاعر
Of Banu Sahm, whom Ibn Ishaq calls 'the poet'; he emigrated to Abyssinia and died there. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن المغفل المزني
The fifth of the Weepers, of Muzayna; Ibn Ishaq lists him among those who begged the Prophet for mounts on the Tabuk campaign when he found nothing to carry them on. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن المطلب بن أزهر
Born in the land of Abyssinia to his father al-Muttalib ibn Azhar and his mother Ramla bint Abi Awf. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن الزبعرى
One of the finest poets of Quraysh, harsh against the Muslims, who embraced Islam at the conquest; he fled to Najran after the fall of Mecca, verses of Hassan ibn Thabit reached him, he returned and became Muslim and composed verses of apology; al-Marzubani says the Prophet ordered him a robe when he praised him. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن الزبير
al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam and Asma' bint Abi Bakr's son — the Meccan counter-caliph of the second fitna, besieged by al-Hajjaj for fifty nights in 72; his minbar elegy for Mus'ab: 'we die not in our beds like the family of Abu'l-'As but pierced by spears beneath the swords' shade'. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن الزبير الأسدي
The terrified deserter who met Ibrahim by the bridle-post after 'Umayr's beheading — 'al-Hajjaj will not sheathe his sword till he leaves the infant grey'. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن الزبير بن عبد المطلب
A cousin of the Prophet, listed by Ibn Sa'd in the fifth class of Companions; one of those who held firm at Hunayn, and killed at Ajnadayn in 13 AH after killing two Byzantine challengers; not to be confused with Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص
A Companion of Banu Sahm, a prolific transmitter of hadith who used to write; Abu Hurayra said none had more hadith than he except Abdullah ibn Amr, because he wrote; he embraced Islam before his father, and the two collections tell his story of fasting by day and praying by night. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عمرو بن حرام
A prominent chief of Banu Salima of the Khazraj, father of Jabir ibn Abdullah; he embraced Islam and took the Second Pledge of Aqaba where he was appointed a naqib; he fought at Badr and was the first Muslim martyred at the battle of Uhud, where the Prophet spoke of God speaking to him without a veil. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عتيك
A heroic Companion from Banu Salima of the Khazraj fluent in Jewish dialect; chosen by the Prophet to lead the five-man covert mission to Khaybar to assassinate Sallam ibn Abi al-Huqayq (Abu Rafi'); though his leg was fractured on withdrawal, the Prophet wiped it and it healed instantly. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن حنظلة ابن الغسيل
Leader of Medina's deposition of Yazid in 63: 'by God, we did not march out against Yazid until we feared stones raining from heaven — a man who weds mothers of sons, daughters and sisters, drinks wine and abandons prayer'. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن حذافة السهمي
Of Banu Sahm; he emigrated to Abyssinia. Ibn Ishaq describes him as the Messenger of God's envoy to the Chosroes. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن جعفر
Son of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib and Asma bint Umays, born in the land of Abyssinia. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن جحش
One of the earliest Muslims and an ally of Banu Abd Shams; he emigrated to Abyssinia and fought at Badr; the Prophet sent him to Nakhla, and reports say he was the first commander in Islam and the first to be given a banner; he was killed at Uhud and buried in one grave with Hamza, and al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar says he was nicknamed 'the one mutilated for God'. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن جدعان
The aged, honoured chief of Taym ibn Murra in whose house the Fudul pact was sworn — a byword in Mecca for hospitality. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن كعب بن مالك
Son of Ka'b ibn Malik and his guide when his sight was stricken; his son Abd al-Rahman related from him his father's account of staying behind from Tabuk. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن خطل
A former Muslim sent by the Prophet to collect sadaqa; he killed his Muslim servant over a meal, apostatized with the collected camels, and kept two singing girls who performed lampoons against the Prophet; he was ordered killed on the Conquest and slain clinging to the Kaaba curtains. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن مسعود
تقریباً 594 عیسویA shepherd of Mecca among the first converts, remembered as the first man to recite the Qur'an aloud there; in Kufa he became a founding teacher of its school of learning. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن مظعون
One of the earliest Muslims of the secret call; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum names him as a brother of Uthman ibn Mazun who embraced Islam with him. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن محمد
The Prophet's son by Khadija, called al-Tayyib and al-Tahir; he died young in Mecca. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن قراد الزيادي
A member of the Banu al-Harith ibn Ka'b delegation that came with Khalid ibn al-Walid to the Prophet in 10 AH, as Ibn Ishaq names him. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن سعد بن أبي سرح
A scribe of revelation who apostatized back to Quraysh; proscribed on the day of the Conquest, he was sheltered by his foster brother Uthman ibn Affan who pleaded for him until the Prophet granted him pardon; he returned to Islam and later governed Egypt under Umar and Uthman. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن سلام
تقریباً 550 عیسویA learned rabbi of Banu Qaynuqa' who examined the Prophet, declared him genuine, and became the most famous Jewish convert of Medina — held in Sunni tradition as one promised paradise. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن سفيان المخزومي
Of Banu Makhzum, brother of Habbar ibn Sufyan; he emigrated to Abyssinia. Ibn Ishaq says he was killed in the year of the Yarmuk, while expressing doubt about it. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن أبي بن سلول
تقریباً 580 عیسویThe chief of Khazraj who had been preparing to be crowned king of Medina when the Hijra ended his ambition — remembered in the Sunni sources as the leader of the 'hypocrites' who opposed the Prophet from inside the city. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن عمر بن الخطاب
The son of the caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab and Zaynab bint Maz'un; he embraced Islam young with his father and emigrated, was presented to the Prophet at Badr and Uhud and turned back as too young, and was accepted at al-Khandaq; he is one of the great narrators of hadith and was known for following the Prophet's footsteps; he died in 73 AH on the majority view, some say 74 AH. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن أمية
Abdullah ibn Umayya; given Sijistan by his father while at Kirman — truced the second Rutbil at Bust for a million, refused gifts with 'fill this portico with gold or no peace', a ruse that let Rutbil trap him in the defiles; he settled for three hundred thousand, a written covenant, and no-raid terms — and Abd al-Malik dismissed him. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن أنيس
A Juhani and ally of Banu Salima among the Ansar; he was at al-Aqaba and later campaigns and was one of those who broke the idols of Banu Salima; the Prophet sent him alone to Khalid ibn Nubayh al-Anzi, whom he killed; Jabir travelled a month to him for a hadith; he entered Egypt and went out to Ifriqiya, and died in Syria in 54 AH as is known. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن أريقط
The Laythi tracker hired as guide for the Hijra — 'a skilled guide' still on Quraysh's religion, whom they nonetheless entrusted; he led the party by the little-used coastal road to Medina. - شخصیت
عبدوس صاحب مصر
The usurper of Egypt killed on al-Ma'mun's entry in 217. - شخصیت
عارضة بروين (عبيدة بارفين)
1954 عیسوی · 1373 ھ†The foremost female voice of Pakistani Sufi song — sings Shah Abdul Latif and Bulleh Shah at Sindh's shrines. - شخصیت
إسكندر أبكاريوس
A Lebanese man of letters, poet, journalist and historian from an Armenian family settled in Beirut; one of the figures of the Arabic literary revival in the second half of the nineteenth century. - شخصیت
أبرهة
تقریباً 520 عیسویThe Aksumite governor who made himself ruler of Yemen, built the great church of San'a, and marched on Mecca with an elephant — the invader of the 'Year of the Elephant' remembered in Qur'an 105. - شخصیت
أبو عبد الرحمن الحبلي
Abdallah b. Yazid the Ansari tabi'i, fourth of the tabi'in counted as entering al-Andalus, transmitting from the Companion al-Mundhir al-Ifriqi. - شخصیت
أبو عبد الله الحناط الشيرازي
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أبو عبد الله الحناطي الطبري
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أبو عبد الله الختن
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أبو عبد الله الشيعي
The da'i who appeared in the Maghreb in 288 calling Kutama to al-Mahdi — first emergence of the Ubaydids. - شخصیت
أبو عبد الله أحمد بن محمد البريدي
Eldest of the Baridi brothers; tax-farmer of the khassa who scorned it — 'my drum has a voice that will soon be heard' — and bought his way through Ibn Muqla's vizierate to all of Ahwaz, while Ibn Makula and Ibn Miskawayh disputed the nisba's spelling. - شخصیت
أبو عبس بن جبر
An Ansari of the Aws, from the Banu Haritha; his pre-Islamic name is reported as Abd al-Uzza or Ma'bad and the Prophet is said to have named him Abd al-Rahman. Musa ibn Uqba lists him among the Badr fighters, Ibn al-Kalbi counts him among the killers of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, and he died in 34 AH with Uthman leading the funeral prayer. - شخصیت
أبو عفك
An old man of Banu Amr ibn Awf, then of Banu Ubayda, of al-Aws; Ibn Ishaq says his hypocrisy became open when al-Harith ibn Suwayd ibn al-Samit was killed, and he composed verses reviling a rider who had split the unity of the sons of Qayla; the Prophet said 'who will deal with this wretch for me?' and Salim ibn Umayr killed him; Umama al-Muzayriyya's verses allude to his great age. - شخصیت
أبو عفراء عمير المازني
Abu Afra'a Umayr al-Mazini; he killed Rutbil in Abd al-Aziz ibn Abdallah ibn Amir's war, and the unbelievers routed. - شخصیت
أبو أحمد الحسين بن موسى الموسوي
Naqib of the Talibids in Baghdad and father of al-Sharif al-Radi; when al-Qadir sent Ibn al-Baqillani to make him disavow his son's verses on the Fatimid nasab, the son refused, saying he feared the near more than the distant. - شخصیت
أبو أحمد الشيرازي
Al-Mustakfi's secretary, keeper of his allowance under Buyid tutelage; seized at the deposition of 334. - شخصیت
أبو أحمد ابن أبي مسلم الفرضي
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السلطان أبو العباس أحمد المريني المستعين
Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Abi Salim al-Marini, called al-Musta'in; meeting his cousin the amir Abd al-Rahman at Wadi al-Naja they swore to join hands — he marched on the New City and besieged it from Kadiyat al-Ara'is until he entered it on 7 Muharram 776 AH, while Abd al-Rahman held Marrakesh, the truce between them fixing Azmour as the boundary; Muhammad ibn Uthman served as vizier, his ties with Granada's Ibn al-Ahmar tightened, and in his days Ibn al-Khatib was killed at Fez. - شخصیت
أبو العباس المرسي
Ahmad Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi, the Murcian Ansari who succeeded al-Shadhili at Alexandria — his tomb famed for answered prayers and honoured in Ibn Ata Allah's Lataif al-Minan; he honoured people by their rank with God, welcomed the broken sinner over the self-admiring obedient, and left terse Qur'an glosses; died at Alexandria in 686. - شخصیت
أبو العباس الناشئ
The Anbari secretary — critic of al-Khalil's prosody, author of a four-thousand-line nuniyya on the sects, dead in Egypt 293. - شخصیت
أبو العباس ابن القاص الطبري
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أبو العادية العاملي
One of 'Ammar ibn Yasir's two killers at Siffin (with Ibn Jawn al-Saksaki); they quarrelled over his spoils before 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr, who drove them off with the Prophet's saying 'he calls you to Paradise and you call him to the Fire'. - شخصیت
أبو الأغر خليفة بن المبارك
Commander of the Iraqi caravan; he fought Tayyi' a day and a night in 287, killed their amir Salih and took many captive — the pilgrims came in with heads on lances. - شخصیت
أبو العنبس الصيمري
Al-Mutawakkil's jester whose obscene counter-ode to al-Buhturi and whose dead donkey's love-elegy set the whole court singing. - شخصیت
أبو العرب التميمي محمد بن أحمد
865 عیسوی · 251 ھA Maliki jurist, hadith scholar and historian from Kairouan. - شخصیت
أبو العاص بن الربيع
A son of Hala bint Khuwaylid, Khadija's sister, nicknamed 'the cub of al-Batha' and called 'the trustworthy'; husband of the Prophet's eldest daughter Zaynab, he fought at Badr with the polytheists and was captured, Zaynab ransomed him, then he embraced Islam after the Hijra and the Prophet returned his daughter to him; the reports differ on how he was captured the second time and became Muslim. - شخصیت
أبو الأسد
al-Mansur's mawla-commander; in al-Baladhuri sent to Basra during Abdallah ibn Ali's stay there and the one who brought him into Kufa — he dug Nahr Abi al-Asad at the Batayih while camped opposite Isa ibn Musa's force in the war on Ibrahim ibn Abdallah al-Hasani. - شخصیت
أبو الأسود الدؤلي ظالم بن عمرو
A philologist and transmitter credited with the vowel-pointing of the Qur'an and the founding of Arabic grammar. His lineage goes back to al-Du'al ibn Bakr ibn Kinana. - شخصیت
أبو العتاهية
Isma'il ibn al-Qasim the jar-seller — flogged for his 'Utba verses, enriched for them, denied her hand ('a jar-seller who earns by verse?'). - شخصیت
أبو الأعور السلمي
Mu'awiya's commander holding Siffin's water-gate — forty thousand men blocking Ali's army from the Euphrates until the night-charge broke through. - شخصیت
أبو الأزهر المهلبي
The executioner who strangled the caliph's uncle, staged the lovers' death-scene under the fallen house, and buried him at Bab al-Sham. - شخصیت
أبو البختري بن هشام
A Quraysh notable named in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account of the boycott covenant (pp. 110–111). - شخصیت
أبو الدرداء عويمر
Uwaymir al-Ansari al-Khazraji, known by his kunya; it is said he embraced Islam the day of Badr, he fought well at Uhud, where the Prophet said 'what a fine horseman Uwaymir is' and called him the wise man of his community; he had been a merchant before the mission; he died in 32 AH on the account of al-Waqidi and others, and hadith scholars hold it was in Uthman's caliphate. - شخصیت
أبو الفضل محمد بن إبراهيم الفسوي
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أبو الفياض ابن المنتصر
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أبو الفتوح الحسن بن جعفر العلوي
Mecca's sharif; he made the caliphal claim in 381 as al-Rashid bi'llah — shaking Egypt's lord — then flagged and returned to the Ubaydid al-Aziz's obedience. - شخصیت
الحكيم أبو الحكم المغربي
The travelling Andalusi physician Abu'l-Hakam al-Maghribi who served Sultan Mahmud b. Malikshah and built him a camp hospital carried on forty camels; he died at Damascus in 549 leaving a satirical diwan of Damascene poets. - شخصیت
أبو الحسن المريني سلطان المغرب
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Uthman al-Marini, sultan of the Maghreb, who styled himself amir al-mu'minin, 'sultan of the two shores, guardian of both banks'; he copied three noble mushafs in his own hand for the three mosques to which journeys are made, endowed waqfs on them whose titulature the great chancery writer Ibn Nubata composed, and sent al-Nasir Muhammad 325 great rubies, 128 emeralds and 128 zabarjads — al-Maqqari himself saw the Jerusalem copy in finest workmanship; he ruled ten years and seven days before his son Abu Inan deposed him. - شخصیت
أبو الحسن الشيرجي الفرضي الحاسب
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أبو الحسن ابن المرزبان البغدادي
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أبو الحسن ابن خيران البغدادي
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أبو الحسن ابن سراقة الفرضي
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أبو الحسن علي سلطان غرناطة
Abu al-Hasan Ali (Muley Hacen), Nasrid sultan of Granada — his favour for the Christian concubine Zoraya drove his sons Abu Abdallah Muhammad (Boabdil) and Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf to flee to Guadix, and the cities gave them bay'a; restored after his son's capture at Lucena until epilepsy and failing sight forced him to cede to his brother al-Zaghal; he retired to Almunecar and died there. - شخصیت
أبو الهيجاء السمين
Abu al-Hayja 'the Fat', among the greatest and bravest of the Salahiyya amirs — when Kanz killed his brother in his Upper-Egypt iqta', he marched with Saladin's detachment, took Tud by storm, then ran Kanz down and killed him in 570. - شخصیت
أبو الهياج الأسدي
Amr ibn Malik ibn Ju'ada al-Asadi; in al-Baladhuri Sa'd appointed him over the people's plot-marking at Kufa's founding. - شخصیت
أبو الحسين الكازروني
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أبو الحسين الأردبيلي
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أبو الحسين الجلابي الطبري
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أبو الحسين ابن اللبان الفرضي البصري
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أبو الحسين ابن القطان البغدادي
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أبو الجراح القاضي
Abu al-Jarrah the qadi, keeper of Ibn al-Zubayr's prison; he escaped it and Sallam ibn Ziyad bought him Khalid ibn Tulayq's Basra house. - شخصیت
أبو الخصيب مرزوق
al-Mansur's mawla; in al-Baladhuri ordered to build him the palace called Abu al-Khasib's on an old foundation — it is also said he built it for himself and al-Mansur would visit him there. Basra's Nahr Abi al-Khasib bears his name - شخصیت
أبو الخطار حسام بن ضرار الكلبي
Governor of al-Andalus sent by sea from Tunis in 125; he dispersed the crowded Syrian junds through the land, naming each district after its jund's home — Damascus at Ilbira, Hims at Seville, Qinnasrin at Jaen, Jordan at Rayya and Malaga, Palestine at Sidonia, Egypt at Tudmir — before his Yamani partisanship brought the Qaysi rising that deposed him and later killed him in 129. - شخصیت
أبو الخير الأرميوني
One of the mathematicians and astronomers of Egypt. Born in Armant in western Egypt; the nisba al-Azhari suggests he studied or taught at al-Azhar. - شخصیت
أبو المحاسن الشواء
تقریباً 1166 عیسوی · 562 ھShihab al-Din Abu al-Mahasin 'al-Shawwa'' — the Aleppine adib and prosodist with a four-volume diwan who wore the old Aleppine split turban, constant of Ibn al-Jubrani's circle in the Jami' maqsura and 'the best of companions' to the young Ibn Khallikan; died 19 Muharram 635, buried outside Bab Antakya. - شخصیت
أبو المهاجر دينار
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أبو المختار الصعيق
Abu al-Mukhtar Yazid ibn Qabs ibn Yazid al-Sa'iq; author of the famous poem that denounced the Ahwaz officials to Umar, who mulcted them of half their wealth. - شخصیت
أبو المثنى أحمد بن يعقوب
The qadi; Ibn al-Mu'tazz appointed him over the judiciary in the one-day caliphate of 296, then he fled when the coup collapsed. - شخصیت
أبو القاسم الكلبي
The Kalbid amir of Sicily; in 373 he led the Muslim host with scholars and ascetics through Messina and the Calabrian fortresses — Casenta, Gallo, Taranto — taking tribute and spoils, and had earlier rebuilt Rametta and raided to the Straits. - شخصیت
أبو الربيع الكلاعي
The Andalusi hafiz Abu'l-Rabi al-Kila'i, killed at Anija in 634 calling to the rout 'are you fleeing Paradise?', mourned by his pupil Ibn al-Abbar. - شخصیت
السلطان أبو الربيع سليمان المريني
Abu al-Rabi' Sulayman ibn Abd al-Haqq al-Marini (708-710 AH); the Marinids swore him after Abu Thabit's death, he jailed his uncle Ali ibn Razika who had grasped for power, crushed Uthman ibn Abi al-Ala' at Aludan field in 'the victory without peer', and made peace with Tlemcen's lord — his days the best of days: truce, quiet and ease until Fez houses sold at a thousand gold dinars and men vied in building marble-and-zellij palaces, dying at Taza in 710 AH. - شخصیت
أبو الروم بن عمير
Of Banu Abd al-Dar; Ibn Ishaq names him among the rest of the emigrants to Abyssinia. - شخصیت
أبو الصلت عبد السلام بن صالح
An intimate of al-Ma'mun's; sleeping over he found the lamp-lighter asleep and watched the caliph trim the wick himself, murmuring that the servants sometimes curse him unawares — 'and I pardon them'. - شخصیت
أبو السعود أفندي
The Ottoman shaykh al-islam Abu al-Su'ud Afandi, whose Irshad al-aql al-salim became the most celebrated tafsir since al-Baydawi's. - شخصیت
أبو الطمحان القيني
The poet whose verses al-Mas'udi cites on Ma'rib's fortress-palace — its doorman watering atop the keep until climbers scaled it on flaxen ropes. - شخصیت
أبو الطيب ابن سلمة
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أبو الطيب الصعلوكي الحنفي
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القاضي أبو الطيب طاهر بن عبد الله الشافعي
The Shafi'i qadi who answered Ibn Hittan's praise of Ibn Muljim verse-for-verse — 'a wretched man's strike, meant to demolish Islam's pillars'. - شخصیت
أبو الوفاء البوزجاني محمد بن محمد
940 عیسوی · 328 ھOne of the leading Muslim scholars of mathematics and astronomy, born in Buzjan in Khurasan. - شخصیت
أبو الوفا الغنيمي التفتازاني
1930 عیسوی · 1348 ھBorn in Kafr al-Ghunaymi in the Sharqiyya governorate of Egypt. He studied Islamic philosophy and Sufism. - شخصیت
أبو الوليد بن جهور
Son and successor of the Jahwarid vizier at Cordoba from 435. - شخصیت
أبو الزعيزعة
Abd al-Malik's guard-captain — struck off al-Ashdaq's head inside the trapped room. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن ذكوان أبو الزناد
A Medinan jurist of the third generation; Shirazi reports his mission to Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik about the Medina accounts, and that Malik took fiqh from him. - شخصیت
أبو علي بن الأطروش العلوي
The captive Alid who killed his gaoler Abu'l-Hasan ibn Kaki in a drunken night; the troops dragged him from hiding, acclaimed him amir, and he soon died falling from his mount at polo. - شخصیت
أبو علي البصير
The 'most naturally gifted poet of his time' — below al-Buhturi but above his peers, Sa'id ibn Humayd's satirist. - شخصیت
أبو علي ابن حمكان الهمذاني
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أبو علي الحاتمي
The Baghdadi philologist-secretary al-Hatimi, pupil of Abu 'Umar al-Zahid and teacher of al-Tanukhi; his Risala Hatimiyya exposes al-Mutanabbi's plagiarisms, and when his shaykh visited him sick and found him gone to the bathhouse he chalked on his door 'strangest of things — an invalid visited who cannot be found'. - شخصیت
أبو علي المحسن التنوخي
938 عیسوی · 327 ھA judge and man of letters from the Tanukh tribe, who compiled reports on judges and on those who did good. - شخصیت
أبو علي الطبري الحسن بن القاسم
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أبو علي الزجاجي الطبري
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القاضي أبو علي ابن أبي هريرة البغدادي
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أبو علي ابن خيران
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أبو علي بن مروان الكردي
Abu Ali ibn Marwan ibn Dushk, nephew of Bad al-Kurdi; surviving the battle that killed his uncle he slipped into the Kayfa stronghold claiming his uncle had sent him, seized it and married his uncle's wife, then mastered Diyar Bakr and twice defeated Nasir al-Dawla's sons, taking Mayyafariqin from its shaykh Abu al-Asghar whom he flung from the wall in 380 AH; he married Sa'd al-Dawla ibn Hamdan's daughter, was killed by guile, and his brother Abu Mansur succeeded. - شخصیت
أبو علي بن محتاج
The Muhtajid Samanid commander; governor of Khurasan who took Rayy and killed Makan ibn Kaki in 329. - شخصیت
أبو عامر الأشعري
A senior Ash'ari Companion and paternal uncle of Abu Musa al-Ash'ari; appointed by the Prophet to lead the pursuit column against the routed Hawazin at Awtas, he slew nine enemy champions before falling martyred to an arrow, handing the banner to Abu Musa. - شخصیت
أبو عامر الراهب
Abu 'Amir 'Abd 'Amr ibn Sayfi al-Awsi, known as 'the Monk', father of Hanzala 'the one washed by the angels'; a man of standing in Jahiliyya Yathrib who fought with the Aws at Bu'ath, then showed open hostility to Islam after the Hijra until the Prophet named him al-Fasiq — the reprobate. In al-Maqrizi he was one of the Arabs' priests, emigrated to Abyssinia for his faith, and to him is ascribed Abu 'Amir's pit into which the Muslims fell at Uhud. - شخصیت
أبو عامر البلوي محمد بن أحمد
An Andalusian vizier and secretary, a man of learning and a poet. - شخصیت
أبو عمرو بن العلاء
Abu Amr ibn al-Ala' the philologist; in al-Baladhuri via al-Athram from Abu Ubayda from him: when the Arabs saw the many villages, palms and trees they said 'we never saw a greater mass' — al-sawad meaning the multitude — hence the Sawad's name. - شخصیت
أبو عاصم النبيل
The traditionist al-Dahhak ibn Makhlad — dead in 212. - شخصیت
أبو عوانة يعقوب بن إسحاق
845 عیسوی · 230 ھA hadith scholar, memorizer and jurist from Isfara'in, known for his extract on Sahih Muslim. He was the first to spread the Shafi'i school in Isfara'in. - شخصیت
أبو عون عبد الملك بن يزيد
Salih ibn 'Ali's partner in the pursuit to Busir — the night assault crying 'revenge for Ibrahim' in which Marwan fell. - شخصیت
أبو عون عبد الله بن عون
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أبو أيوب الأنصاري
The Najjari Ansari who took the Prophet's baggage into his house when the she-camel knelt among Banu al-Najjar — 'a man stays with his baggage' — becoming the Prophet's host in Medina until the mosque and rooms were built. In al-Suhayli's report preserved by al-Samhudi, the house Tubba' built for the Prophet at his Yathrib conversion passed through heirs until it reached Abu Ayyub, descendant of the scholar Tubba' had lodged — so the Prophet's lodging closed that chain — and it is said, though the report is strange, that Tubba's gold-sealed letter was with Abu Ayyub when the Prophet arrived and he handed it over. - شخصیت
أبو أيوب المورياني
Abu Ayyub al-Muryani; al-Mansur's minister, ordered to write the money-letters on yellowed sheets — and so it ran. - شخصیت
أبو عزة الجمحي
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أبو بكر الصديق
تقریباً 573 عیسویClose companion of the Prophet and the first caliph (r. 632–634 CE); his succession is understood differently in Sunni and Shia tradition. - شخصیت
أبو بكر الأصم
Abu Bakr al-Asamm — a leading man of the Basra branch of the Mu'tazila in Ahmad Amin's stemma. - شخصیت
الشيخ أبو بكر العيدروس الشاذلي
The Shadhili saint al-Aydarus, 'innovator of coffee' — encountering the abandoned coffee tree on his wanderings he found it dried the brain, invited wakefulness and quickened worship, so he took it as food and drink and guided his followers to it; it spread from Yemen to the Hijaz, Syria, Egypt and beyond, and the early-tenth-century scholars divided over it, a party prohibiting it while most held it licit until, as al-Ghazzi says, consensus settled on that. - شخصیت
أبو بكر الخباز الإصبهاني
An Isfahani baker whose refrain 'what a day of toil I have from you' whenever Nasr was named made people laugh; he freed the imprisoned sons of Ahmad ibn Isma'il from Bukhara's citadel in 318, bribing the gatekeeper with five dinars. - شخصیت
أبو بكر الخفاف أحمد بن عمر
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أبو بكر الخلال
He gathered Imam Ahmad's transmitted answers and wrote them down with their chains of transmission in the book al-Jami', which counts as the foundation of the school, and so prepared the way for the writing down of Hanbali jurisprudence. - شخصیت
أبو بكر النيسابوري عبد الله بن محمد بن زياد
تقریباً 852 عیسوی · 238 ھ - شخصیت
أبو بكر السيبي أحمد بن محمد
تقریباً 909 عیسوی · 296 ھ - شخصیت
العتبي صاحب المسائل العتبية
Author of the Utbiyya responsa in Malik's madhhab, died in al-Mu'tazz's days. - شخصیت
أبو بكر عبد العزيز (غلام الخلال)
A Hanbali jurist, author of al-Shafi and al-Tanbih in the school's jurisprudence; he wrote on his copy of the Mukhtasar of al-Kharaqi a note on questions in which al-Kharaqi differed. - شخصیت
أبو بكر بن أبي القاسم الأهدل
1576 عیسوی · 983 ھThe Tihami Sufi Abu Bakr ibn Abi al-Qasim ibn Ahmad al-Ahdal al-Husayni, born in 983 AH and died in 1035 AH; he wrote works on hadith, history and biography. - شخصیت
أبو بكر بن أبي داود السجستاني
Son of Abu Dawud; when the vizier Ali ibn Isa called him 'a false shaykh' he answered 'the false shaykh is the liar upon the Messenger of God', and swore never again to take anything from his hand — so al-Muqtadir himself thereafter weighed his stipend and sent it on a platter by a servant. - شخصیت
القاضي أبو بكر ابن العربي
Qadi Abu Bakr b. al-Arabi, the 'seal of al-Andalus's scholars'; travelled east at seventeen, heard al-Ghazali in Baghdad who said none who journeyed brought back his like save al-Baji, then judged Seville until dismissed for rigour — born 468, buried at Fez 543. - شخصیت
القاضي أبو بكر ابن الدقاق البغدادي
تقریباً 918 عیسوی · 306 ھ - شخصیت
أبو بكر بن الحارث بن هشام
The Makhzumi cousin whose counsel to al-Husayn survives — 'the one who promised to aid you will fight you; remember God in yourself' — answered with 'may God repay you well; your judgement has exhausted itself'. - شخصیت
أبو بكر ابن المنذر النيسابوري
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أبو بكر بن البهلوان
Last Eldiguzid Atabeg of Azerbaijan — in Ibn al-Athir's portrait a ruler 'occupied with drink night and day' who ignored his frontiers until the Georgians stormed Dvin in 599. - شخصیت
أبو بكر بن حزم
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أبو بكر ابن لال الهمداني
تقریباً 919 عیسوی · 307 ھ - شخصیت
أبو بكر بن عمر اللمتوني
The Lamtuni commander who led the mulaththamun from the Sudan borderlands and took the Maghreb from Zanata's governors; so wedded to his southern country that an old woman's weeping over a raided she-camel made him install Yusuf b. Tashfin over the Maghreb and go home. - شخصیت
أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الله الصيرفي
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أبو بكرة نفيع بن الحارث الثقفي
A slave of Thaqif who descended from the besieged fortress of Ta'if on a pulley (bakra) in response to the Prophet's proclamation of freedom; the Prophet manumitted him as a 'freeman of God', and he became a prominent Companion and hadith transmitter in Basra. - شخصیت
أبو برزة الأسلمي
Abu Barza Nadla ibn Ubaydallah al-Aslami; he held Ibn Amir's right wing at Istakhr's fall. - شخصیت
أبو بصير (عتبة بن أسيد)
A determined Meccan convert who escaped to Medina following the Hudaybiyya Treaty; surrendered to Quraysh envoys in adherence to treaty terms, he overpowered his guard on the journey back and established a coastal guerrilla base at al-Is, intercepting Quraysh caravans until Quraysh begged the Prophet to accept them in Medina. - شخصیت
أبو بشر الهروي العالم
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أبو بريدة الأسلمي
A tribal chief who rode out hunting the Quraysh bounty on the Prophet's head, but on meeting him embraced Islam on the spot with seventy of his people, and raised his turban on his spear as a banner of safe-conduct. - شخصیت
أبو برقان
Of the Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr and reckoned a foster-uncle of the Prophet. The only report about him, on al-Hira, is weak in Ibn Hajar's assessment because its transmitter Isa ibn Yazid (Ibn Da'b) was accused of lying. - شخصیت
أبو داود السجستاني
تقریباً 817 عیسوی · 202 ھThe muhaddith of Sijistan, author of the Sunan counted among the six books; he travelled for hadith to Basra, Baghdad, Khurasan, al-Sham and Egypt, and restricted his collection to the reports bearing on rulings, arranged by legal chapter. - شخصیت
أبو داود الطيالسي
The traditionist Sulayman ibn Dawud al-Tayalisi — dead at ninety-one in 204. - شخصیت
أبو ذر الغفاري
تقریباً 590 عیسویA tribesman of Ghifar among the very first converts, remembered for fierce asceticism and for denouncing the hoarding of wealth; Uthman exiled him to al-Rabadha, where he died. - شخصیت
أبو ذر الهروي
The Meccan Maliki master Ibn al-Sammak through whom al-Baji carried Bukhari's Sahih to the Maghreb — a wandering transmitter of Herat who settled in the Sirat, pilgrimaged yearly, and died in 434 or 435. - شخصیت
أبو ذؤيب الهذلي
Abu Dhu'ayb Khuwaylid ibn Khalid al-Hudhali the poet; he rode out in Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh's army to Ifriqiya in Uthman's raid and died there — Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr attending him until he laid him in his grave. - شخصیت
أبو دجانة
His name was Simak ibn Kharasha, or ibn Aws ibn Kharasha; agreed to have been at Badr; at Uhud he took the Prophet's sword 'with its right' and struck the polytheists' heads with it; it is said he took part in killing Musaylima, and Ali said he was martyred at al-Yamama. - شخصیت
أبو دلف القاسم بن عيسى
Abu Dulaf al-Qasim ibn Isa al-Ijli, lord of al-Karaj and al-Mu'tasim's commander; he raided Daylam under al-Ma'mun and governed in al-Mu'tasim's reign during al-Afshin's Jibal command, taking the Daylam forts of Iqlism, Bumaj, al-Iblam and Andaq. - شخصیت
أبو فكيهة
One of the earliest weak converts, a client of Safwan ibn Umayya (or of the Banu Abd al-Dar), said to be of Azd origin. Umayya ibn Khalaf tied a rope to his foot and dragged him onto the scorching sand until he was thought dead; Abu Bakr bought and freed him. His name is given as Yasar, or Aflah ibn Yasar. - شخصیت
أبو فقعس
A man scourged at Baghdad in Ramadan 258 after witnesses established he cursed the early generations — he died under the fifty lashes. - شخصیت
أبو فراس الحمداني
Al-Harith ibn Sa'id ibn Hamdan the poet-prince; killed in Rabi II 361 at Sadda on the desert fringe of Hims — abandoned by his sworn companions, he was cut down by a ghulam of Qarghuya on the order of his own nephew Abu'l-Ma'ali ibn Sayf al-Dawla. - شخصیت
أبو غبشان الخزاعي
The Khuzaʾi who held the guardianship of the Kaaba on behalf of Hubba bint Hulayl and sold it to Qusayy for a skin of wine — the purchase Khuzaʾa resented, sparking the war that ended their rule of Mecca. - شخصیت
أبو حبيبة بن الأزعر
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: of Banu Dubay'a ibn Zayd. - شخصیت
أبو حفص ابن الوكيل
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أبو حفص عمر بن يحيى الهنتاتي
Abu Hafs Umar al-Hintati, one of the Ten of Ibn Tumart's first circle at Bougie. - شخصیت
القاضي أبو حامد المروروذي أحمد بن عامر بن بشر
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أبو حمو موسى بن عثمان
Abu Hammu Musa ibn Uthman ibn Yaghmurasan, sultan of Tlemcen; he singled out his cousin Mas'ud ibn Abi Amir for his privy councils while heaping scorn on his son Abd al-Rahman Abu Tashfin, comparing him unfavourably to that cousin — until the son's M'aluji companions, stoking his envy, rushed the palace at the siesta hour as the council broke up, cut the sultan down with their swords, killed Mas'ud and Abu Sarhan, and massacred the Banu al-Mallah viziers, the Cordoban house of the hijaba — the town-crier going through Tlemcen's streets that Abu Sarhan had betrayed the sultan and his son Abu Tashfin had risen for him. - شخصیت
السلطان أبو حمو موسى الثاني
Abu Hammu Musa ibn Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman, the Abd al-Wadid sultan of Tlemcen of the 'third return'; he escaped his family's ruin to Tunis where the hajib Ibn Tafrakin sheltered him and refused Sultan Abu Inan's demand for his extradition, then came back with Dawawida and Zaghba support and stormed Tlemcen on Wednesday 8 Rabi I 760 AH, taking the bay'a of the caliphate, was driven out before the Maghreb's armies and returned a third time — a scholar-sultan who wrote on genealogies and history, hosting the learned at his court, Ibn Khaldun among them, who finished the abridgement of al-Ibar under him. - شخصیت
أبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت
699 عیسوی · 80 ھal-Nu'man ibn Thabit of Kufa, Abu Hanifa, the imam of Iraq's jurisprudence in the second century; in al-Baladhuri: he, with Sufyan al-Thawri, al-Awza'i, Malik, Ibn Abi Dhi'b and Abu Yusuf, holds that the Taghlibi pays double what the Muslim pays on land, livestock and wealth — the Iraqis, his companions among them, taking double sadaqa from the minor's and incompetent's land but nothing of their livestock. - شخصیت
أبو حنيفة الدينوري
Praised by al-Mas'udi as a man of great standing in knowledge whose book perfected the astronomy of measures and climates — and whom Ibn Qutayba despoiled, transferring his work into his own books as his own, as he did with much of Abu Hanifa's writing. - شخصیت
أبو حارثة النهري
Al-Mahdi's treasury-keeper who flung down the keys of the emptied vaults — 'accidents do not wait while you send for money'. - شخصیت
أبو حارثة بن علقمة
Bishop of Najran and its religious leader, one of the three chiefs who headed the sixty-man Christian delegation to Medina in 9 AH that debated Jesus and received the Prophet's offer of mubahala. - شخصیت
أبو هاشم الجعفري
The senior-most Ja'farid of his day — who told Ibn Tahir at the congratulations 'you are feted for killing a man the Prophet would have been condoled for'. - شخصیت
المغيرة بن مقسم الضبي
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أبو هاشم عبد الله بن محمد بن الحنفية
Son of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya ibn Ali; on a journey to Syria he met Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn Abbas and said, 'Cousin, I hold a knowledge I wish to cast to you — reveal it to no one: this affair the people hope for is among you.' 'I already know it,' he replied — 'let no one hear it from you.' This report is the root of the claimed bequest of the imamate from the Alids to the Abbasids. - شخصیت
أبو حسان الزيادي
A mihna jurist who answered 'the Quran is God's speech; whatever the commander of the faithful commands we hear and obey' — al-Ma'mun's letter charged he had claimed a mawla-tie to Ziyad ibn Abihi, which he denied. - شخصیت
أبو حاطب بن عمرو
A Companion of Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy; he emigrated to Abyssinia and arrived in the two ships. - شخصیت
أبو حيان الغرناطي
Athir al-Din Abu Hayyan the grammarian — author of Irtishaf al-Darab min Lisan al-Arab, a two-volume grammar anthology. - شخصیت
أبو حيان التوحيدي
Abu Hayyan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Tawhidi, d. AH 380 — author of al-Imta' wal-Mu'anasa, the record of the Sahib ibn Abbad's literary nights. - شخصیت
أبو حازم الأعرج
The ascetic whose counsel to Sulayman — 'you loathe death because you built your world and ruined your next; the doer of good arrives like a traveller to his folk rejoicing'. - شخصیت
أبو حذيفة بن عتبة
One of the earliest to embrace Islam, he made both emigrations, prayed towards both qiblas and fought at Badr; he became Muslim after forty-three others, adopted his freed slave Salim, and was killed at al-Yamama aged fifty-six; his name is disputed (Muhshim, Hushaym, Hashim or Qays). - شخصیت
أبو حميد الطوسي
The Khurasani commander whose chance meeting with Sabiq in the sweeper's market uncovered the hidden Abbasids and triggered al-Saffah's bay'a. - شخصیت
أبو هريرة
تقریباً 603 عیسویA convert of the Khaybar years who became, by far, the most prolific narrator of hadith in the Sunni collections — a fact celebrated by the tradition and debated by scholars. - شخصیت
أبو إدريس الخولاني
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أبو عمران الفاسي
Abu Imran al-Fasi, the Maliki master of Kairouan; the Guddala pilgrims asked him for a companion-scholar and he wrote to Wajjaj b. Zallu at Sijilmasa. - شخصیت
أبو عنان فارس المريني
Abu Inan Faris ibn Ali al-Marini, the Marinid sultan who seized power while his father Abu al-Hasan lay besieged at Kairouan after the Arab rout of 749 AH, claimed the throne and forced his father's abdication on his return, then took Tlemcen in 753 AH and Ifriqiya in 758 AH, ruling the full ancestral realm and building the famed madrasas of Fez and Meknes where Ibn Khaldun himself studied, until his vizier had him killed in 759 AH. - شخصیت
أبو إسحاق الفزاري
Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Fazari, Abu Ishaq, jurist of the frontier and author of the Kitab al-Siyar; in al-Baladhuri: Abd al-Malik ibn Salih wrote consulting him on the people of Cyprus, and he with Makhlad ibn al-Husayn answered that they had seen nothing more like Cyprus's case than that of Arabasus and Umar's ruling in it — they were offered double their wealth to leave or a year's grace after denunciation, refused, were given the year, and it was ruined; he transmitted from al-Awza'i that Cyprus was compounded at fourteen thousand dinars, seven to the Muslims and seven to the Byzantines on condition they conceal nothing of the Muslims' affairs from the Byzantines, and that their treaty cannot rightly be annulled save for an act in which their treachery is known. - شخصیت
أبو إسحاق الشيرازي
تقریباً 1003 عیسوی · 393 ھA Shafi'i jurist and usulist, author of Tabaqat al-fuqaha and al-Muhadhdhab; born at Firuzabad in 393 AH, studied in Fars, Basra and Baghdad, and became one of the leading Shafi'i jurists of his time; he declined the chief qadiship when the caliph offered it. - شخصیت
السلطان أبو إسحاق الحفصي
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Abi Zakariya, brother of al-Mustansir; settled in al-Andalus during his brother's reign, he crossed to Tlemcen when al-Mustansir died and the son al-Wathiq was acclaimed, entered Bejaia at the end of Dhu al-Qa'da 677 where the Almohads and notables swore him, and took the capital in mid-Dhu al-Hijja 678 after his nephew's abdication — appointing to the Ashghal office Abu Bakr ibn Abi al-Hasan ibn Khaldun, whose father al-Hasan had come from Seville under Abu Zakariya's protection. - شخصیت
أبو إسحاق المروزي إبراهيم بن أحمد
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أبو جعفر بن شيرزاد
Tuzun's secretary, who ruled Baghdad for him; he franchised Hamdi the thief's house-raids at twenty-five thousand dinars a month, aspired to the kingdom on Tuzun's death with the soldiers sworn to him, then vanished when Ibn Buya entered Baghdad. - شخصیت
أبو جعفر الصيمري
Mu'izz al-Dawla's vizier, sent against Umran ibn Shahin of the marshes campaign after campaign till Imad al-Dawla's death in 338 called him to Shiraz. - شخصیت
أبو جعفر الترمذي
تقریباً 816 عیسوی · 200 ھ - شخصیت
أبو جعفر محمد بن القاسم بن عبيد الله
Ibn Muqla's own counsellor, secretly wooed by al-Qahir with the promise of office and made vizier over him in Sha'ban 321. - شخصیت
أبو جهل
تقریباً 570 عیسویThe most implacable leader of Meccan opposition to Muhammad: organizer of the boycott of Banu Hashim, persecutor of the weak converts, and the Quraysh commander killed at Badr. - شخصیت
أبو جندل بن سهيل
Son of Suhayl ibn Amr who embraced Islam early in Mecca and was imprisoned by his father; at the conclusion of the Hudaybiyya Treaty he escaped in chains to the Muslim camp; honoring the newly signed pact, the Prophet returned him while counseling patience, whereupon Abu Jandal escaped to the coastal enclave at al-Is with Abu Basir. - شخصیت
أبو جبيلة
Abu Jubayla — Ubayd ibn Salim, a Khazraji magnate at the Ghassanid court: he swore off perfume and women until Yathrib's Jews were humbled, marched down feigning a Yemen campaign, and at Dhi Hard admitted the Jewish notables one by one and killed them all, handing supremacy to Aws and Khazraj. - شخصیت
تبع أبو كرب
The Himyarite conqueror who broke the Partisan king Qubadh and ruled Iraq, Syria and the Hijaz — his verses claim the Ka'ba's striped covering and seventy circuits — while al-Mas'udi glosses the title 'Tubba' as earned only once Shahar and Hadhramawt obeyed. - شخصیت
أبو خليفة الفضل بن الحباب الجمحي
The Basran mawla and wit whose rhymed embassy won al-Mu'tadid over — 'a devil the sea cast up; let his like seek audience of kings' — later qadi, died 305. - شخصیت
أبو خيثمة
Of Banu Salim ibn Awf; Ibn Ishaq names him among the four who stayed behind without doubt, then he caught up with the Prophet at Tabuk after refusing to enter his two bowers on a hot day. - شخصیت
أبو خازم القاضي
The qadi who told al-Mu'tadid 'you put the matter on my neck — I may not judge a man's wealth to a claimant without bayyina'; the two witnesses, awed, refused to testify and nothing was paid. - شخصیت
أبو العلاء المعري
تقریباً دسمبر 973 عیسوی · 17 ربیع الاول 363 ھThe blind poet-philosopher of Ma'arra — 'prisoner of two gaols', his house and his sight, vegetarian forty-five years on the ancients' grounds that no animal should be made to suffer; author of the Luzum (five volumes), Saqt al-zand, the Risalat al-ghufran and commentaries on Abu Tammam, al-Buhturi and al-Mutanabbi; he died in 449 at eighty-six. - شخصیت
أبو الباز العقاب
Baghdad's legendary master-thief: demolished a judge's stalls to be paid for 'stolen' clothes, and smuggled Bakhtishu' himself in a chest to al-Mutawakkil to win his wager. - شخصیت
أبو الفرج الأصبهاني
Abu l-Faraj Ali b. al-Husayn al-Isfahani, author of the Aghani — fifty years of gathering and a single lifetime autograph; he died in 356. - شخصیت
أبو الفوارس القرمطي
The Qarmatian whose mutilation and crucifixion spawned the forty-day-return craze among Baghdad's crowds. - شخصیت
أبو الهيجاء عبد الله بن حمدان
Ibn Hamdan ibn Hamdun, founder of Hamdanid power; Mu'nis quartered with him in the 317 estrangement, al-Qahir confirmed his iqta's across the Khurasan road towns, and he later seized Mosul. - شخصیت
أبو المغيرة عبد الوهاب بن حزم
Abu l-Mughira Abd al-Wahhab b. Hazm, self-described 'inimitable' of the chancery and bosom friend of Abu Amir Ibn Shuhayd — the pair proverbially inseparable 'like Malik and Aqil' until Ibn Shuhayd's fall; he tells how al-Mansur nearly unsheathed his sword over the singing-girl Uns al-Qulub's verses at Munyat al-Surur in al-Zahira; he died at Toledo in 438. - شخصیت
أبو لبيد الجهضمي
An Azdi asked whether he loved Ali — 'how could I love a man who killed twenty-five hundred of my tribe in one day, until no one was left to console anyone'. - شخصیت
أبو لهب
تقریباً 560 عیسویAn uncle of the Prophet who became one of his most vocal opponents in Mecca, alongside his wife Umm Jamil — the household singled out in Qur'an 111. - شخصیت
أبو ليلى عبد الرحمن بن كعب
The third of the Weepers, brother of Banu Mazin ibn al-Najjar; Ibn Ishaq lists him among those who begged the Prophet for mounts on the Tabuk campaign when he found nothing to carry them on. - شخصیت
أبو ليلى إسحاق بن محمد الأوربي
Chief of Awraba who sheltered the fugitive Idris ibn Abdallah in 172 and rallied the Berbers to his da'wa. - شخصیت
أبو لبابة بن عبد المنذر
An Ansari of the Aws, of Banu Amr ibn Awf; his name is disputed (Bashir, Rifa'a or Marwan); the Prophet sent him back on the road to Badr, left him in charge of Medina and gave him a share and the reward of the Badr fighters; it is said he was one of the naqibs on the night of al-Aqaba and he carried the banner of Banu Amr ibn Awf at the conquest. - شخصیت
أبو محجن الثقفي
The chained poet-knight: jailed under Sa'd for his wine verses, he begged Salma bt Hafsa for the loan of al-Balqa' on an oath to return his foot to the fetter — then rode three charges that held the wings and centre at Qadisiyya while the host wondered if this was Khidr or an angel; back in chains by midnight, freed when Sa'd heard it all — 'I shall never give my tongue to an ugly report again'. - شخصیت
أبو مالك الحضرمي
The Kharijite speaker — 'sorcery's breath, subtler and hotter than embers' — at Yahya's majlis. - شخصیت
أبو مريم الحنفي
Abu Maryam al-Hanafi; sent to Ramhurmuz after their breach, he re-truced them for eight hundred thousand dirhams. - شخصیت
أبو معشر
The astrologer whose Great Introduction to the science of the stars al-Mas'udi cites on the forms the constellations show at their rising — including the 'bearer of the ghul's head' whose phantoms common folk call ghuls. - شخصیت
أبو مخنف لوط بن يحيى
The Kufan akhbari of the maghazi and fitna books — one of Mas'udi's three authorities for the seventy-thousand Siffin toll. - شخصیت
أبو محلم
A dream-interpreter of al-Wathiq's court; he read the caliph's vision of al-murt — 'the barren waste where nothing grows, so none perishes upon God but whose heart is void of faith as the murt of growth' — then recited a hundred Arabic rhymes on the word by a hundred known poets and was granted a hundred thousand dirhams. - شخصیت
أبو محمد الخوارزمي البافي
- شخصیت
أبو محمد البطال
- شخصیت
القاضي أبو محمد الاصطخري
- شخصیت
أبو محجن بن حبيب الثقفي
Abu Muhjan ibn Habib al-Thaqafi; in al-Baladhuri he charged the elephant at the Day of the Bridge and hamstrung its leg after Abu Ubayd struck its trunk; he left verses on that day's fallen. - شخصیت
أبو مليح بن عروة الثقفي
Of Thaqif, son of Urwa ibn Mas'ud, killed after calling his people to Islam; he came with Qarib ibn al-Aswad, intending to break with Thaqif, and both embraced Islam; he then asked the Prophet to pay his father's debt from the wealth of al-Lat. - شخصیت
أبو موسى الأشعري
Companion from the Ashari tribe, a client of the family of Utba ibn Rabi'a; came to the Prophet on the two ships from Abyssinia. Known as a jurist, expert Qur'an reciter and governor of Basra and Kufa under Umar. - شخصیت
أبو مسلم مستملي يزيد بن هارون
مستملي يزيد بن هارون، أشخصه المأمون سنة ثمان عشرة ضمن السبعة الأوائل للمحنة فأجاب ورد إلى بغداد. - شخصیت
أبو مسلم النخعي
Narrator of the four-heads report — Husayn's, Ibn Ziyad's, al-Mukhtar's and Mus'ab's on one spot in Kufa's emir-house, after which Abd al-Malik ordered the vault pulled down. - شخصیت
أبو مويهبة مولى النبي
A client of the Prophet, whom he woke in the middle of the night to accompany him to al-Baqi'; the Prophet asked forgiveness for its people, then told him he had been given the keys of the treasures of this world and eternity and the Garden, but had chosen to meet his Lord; Ibn Ishaq narrates it through Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As. - شخصیت
أبو نخيلة الشاعر
The panegyrist who repudiated before al-Saffah every earlier praise-poem — 'all I said of others was false' — and was rewarded. - شخصیت
أبو نصر ابن الحناط الشيرازي
- شخصیت
أبو نصر بن القشيري
- شخصیت
أبو نعيم الأصبهاني أحمد بن عبد الله
948 عیسوی · 336 ھA memorizing hadith scholar from Isfahan and a major compiler of hadith; he was distinguished by high-grade narration in the last years of his life. - شخصیت
أبو نمي شريف مكة
Abu Numayy ibn Abi Sa'd al-Hasani, Sharif of Mecca, keeper of its affairs and lord of the pilgrimage season; he and his brother Idris had held the Abbasid da'wa since Saladin transferred it to them, and when the Tatars took Baghdad and erased the caliphate's rite, the Sufi jurist Ibn Sab'in dwelling by the sanctuary persuaded him to the bay'a of the Hafsid al-Mustansir, dictating the letter which the sharif had preached from Mecca's minbars. - شخصیت
أبو نواس
al-Hasan b. Hani' — the poet who nearly closed the door on describing wine. - شخصیت
أبو قتادة (ابن عم كعب بن مالك)
The cousin of Ka'b ibn Malik; Ka'b greeted him over his garden wall during the boycott and he did not answer, and on the third adjuration he replied: God and His Messenger know best. - شخصیت
أبو قيس بن عبد مناف بن زهرة
a Qurashi who learned the script with Sufyan ibn Umayya from Bishr ibn Abd al-Malik. - شخصیت
أبو قيس بن صيفي بن الأسلت
Poet and wartime leader of the Aws before Islam, chief of the 'Aws Allah' clans — Banu Umayya ibn Zayd, Khatma, Wa'il and Waqif — whom he held back from Islam throughout Mus'ab ibn 'Umayr's mission until after Badr, Uhud and the Trench, when they all embraced it. - شخصیت
أبو قيس بن الحارث
Of Banu Sahm; he emigrated to Abyssinia and was killed on the day of al-Yamama in Abu Bakr's caliphate. - شخصیت
أبو قلابة الجرمي
- شخصیت
أبو قحافة عثمان بن عامر
The father of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq; an old, blind man who watched the Muslim army enter Mecca from Mount Abu Qubays and was brought by his son to the Prophet at Dhu Tuwa to profess Islam. - شخصیت
أبو قرة اليفرني
Abu Qurra al-Yafrani al-Zanati, one of the Yafranid chiefs holding the Tlemcen marches at the dawn of the Abbasid state; king of his people there, he besieged the Umayyad governor Umar ibn Hafs at Tubna until he forced him back to Ifriqiya — among the earliest great men of Zanata in the Middle Maghreb before the da'wa settled on the later Yafranids Muhammad ibn Salih and his son Ya'la. - شخصیت
أبو رجاء الفارسي
Narrator from his father of his grandfather, who said: 'I was a Magian at al-Qadisiyya; when the Arabs shot arrows we cried duk duk — meaning spindles — and those spindles undid our rule,' describing the Muslims' arrows piercing double mail while Persian nawakiyya shafts failed. - شخصیت
أبو رهم الغفاري
A Companion of Ghifar, among those who pledged under the tree, according to Ibn Ishaq; he related of the Tabuk campaign the Prophet's question to him about the men of Ghifar and Aslam who stayed behind. - شخصیت
أبو سعدة
A man of Banu Abs at Kufa; in al-Baladhuri he told the investigators Sa'd 'neither divided equally nor judged justly' — whereupon Sa'd's prayer befell him, Abd al-Malik ibn Umayr seeing him in the alleys saying 'an old man tried — Sa'd's prayer struck me.' - شخصیت
أبو سهل الصعلوكي الحنفي محمد بن سليمان
- شخصیت
أبو سعيد الخراز
A major Sufi, known for the station of trust in God. - شخصیت
أبو سعيد الخدري
A Khazraji Companion known by his kunya, judged too young at Uhud, where his father was killed; he campaigned afterwards and became one of the great transmitters of hadith and among the most learned of the younger Companions; al-Waqidi has him dying in 74 AH. - شخصیت
أبو سعيد القرمطي
The Qarmati chief who rose in Bahrayn in 286, raided Basra and beat the caliph's armies — father of Abu Tahir Sulayman who would wrench out the Black Stone. - شخصیت
أبو سعيد بن خدابنده
Khudabanda's son, best of the Tatar kings — he restored the Sunna and the four-caliph order in the khutba; on his death in 736 their house crumbled. - شخصیت
أبو سعد الإسماعيلي
- شخصیت
السلطان أبو سعيد عثمان المريني
Abu Sa'id Uthman ibn Ya'qub ibn Abd al-Haqq al-Marini (710-731 AH); his sister Urayba worked for his bay'a until he stood in command, lifted the grievances, cut the unlawful taxes and freed the prisoners, besieged Tlemcen in 714 AH at the playground field, fought his son Abu Ali's revolt until the son was killed — his reign the flower of Marinid prosperity, preached in al-Andalus, dying in 731 AH when his son Abu al-Hasan was acclaimed. - شخصیت
أبو سعيد عثمان بن عبد الرحمن
Abu Sa'id Uthman ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Yahya ibn Yaghmurasan; of the Abd al-Wadid house carried off to Morocco in Abu al-Hasan's captivity, released to the frontier jihad in the Andalusian marches, then levied for the Ifriqiya campaign of 748 — when the Qayrawan disaster broke the army they slipped home by Tunis, the folk swearing to Uthman ibn Abd al-Rahman on a shield at Tunis's musalla gate, and he and his brother Abu Thabit, having sealed their pact with Ali ibn Rashid of Maghrawa, restored the Tlemcen kingship in the second round after Abu Inan's death. - شخصیت
أبو سلمة بن عبد الأسد
Abdullah ibn Abd al-Asad al-Makhzumi, Abu Salama; one of the earliest Muslims of the secret call and the Prophet's foster-brother by Thuwayba's milk. - شخصیت
أبو سلمة الزطي
Abu Salama al-Zutti; chief of the Sayabija treasury-guards when they were killed in the Camel affair — remembered as a righteous man. - شخصیت
أبو صالح منصور بن إسحاق الساماني
Cousin of the Samanid amir Ahmad ibn Isma'il; appointed governor of Sistan after its conquest in 298. - شخصیت
المولى أبو سالم إبراهيم المريني
Ibrahim ibn Ali al-Marini, called al-Mawla Abu Salim; after Sultan Abu Inan's death he hoped for his brother's realm, but Ridwan of Granada refused him passage, so he threw himself on Castile's king who ferried him in his fleet — Marrakesh shut him out, so he turned to the Ghumara hills whose tribes embraced him and swore him unto death, taking Ceuta and Tangier, then entered the New City in mid-Sha'ban 760 AH, killed Mansur ibn Sulayman, and made Mas'ud ibn Masay his vizier. - شخصیت
أبو شامة الدمشقي
Shihab al-Din Abd al-Rahman ibn Isma'il, known as Abu Shama al-Dimashqi, d. AH 665 — author of Azhar al-Rawdatayn, the chronicle of Nur al-Din's and Salah al-Din's states. - شخصیت
أبو سفيان بن الحارث
The Prophet's paternal cousin and milk-brother, fostered with him in Banu Sa'd under Halima's care; he later became one of the poets of Islam after initially opposing it. - شخصیت
أبو سفيان بن حرب
تقریباً 560 عیسویLeader of Mecca through the years of open war against the Muslims — commander at Uhud and the Trench — who submitted at the conquest of Mecca and ended his life a Muslim; father of the first Umayyad caliph. - شخصیت
أبو تغلب فضل الله بن ناصر الدولة
The Ghadanfar Abu Taghlib Fadlallah, last Hamdanid amir of the Jazira; driven from Mosul by Adud al-Dawla, kept out of Damascus by Qassam, he was taken near Ramla in 369 when his Uqayli allies melted away, and Daghful the Jarrahid killed him lest al-Aziz make him a client — his head went to Egypt. - شخصیت
أبو طاهر سليمان القرمطي
Abu Sa'id's son; in 317 he massacred the pilgrims in the Haram, cast the dead into Zamzam, broke and wrenched out the Black Stone — kept over twenty years — and cried from the Ka'ba's door 'I create mankind and destroy them'. He prospered no more, dying torn by smallpox. - شخصیت
أبو طلحة الأنصاري
Zayd ibn Sahl al-Ansari of the Khazraj, from the Najjar, husband of Umm Sulaym. Known by his kunya, Ibn Hajar counts him among the best of the Companions; Urwa and Musa ibn Uqba place him at al-Aqaba, all list him at Badr, and he shot arrows before the Prophet at Uhud. His death is dated variously between 32, 34 and about 50 AH. - شخصیت
أبو طالب بن عبد المطلب
تقریباً 535 عیسویAn uncle of the Prophet who raised him, led Banu Hashim, and protected him from Quraysh until his own death — while whether he himself embraced Islam is contested between the traditions. - شخصیت
أبو تمام الطائي
The great poet; he said for the year-223 conquest of Amorium his famous ode 'the sword is truer news than books — in its edge the line between earnest and jest... where is report, where are the stars?' — for the astrologers had foretold an ill-omened rising and defeat. - شخصیت
أبو تاشفين عبد الرحمن بن موسى
Abu Tashfin Abd al-Rahman ibn Musa ibn Abi Hammu, sultan of Tlemcen; raised among M'aluji companions who, inflamed by his father's slights beside the favoured cousin Mas'ud ibn Abi Amir, pushed him to seize the rule — they rushed the palace at siesta, killed the sultan, Mas'ud and Abu Sarhan and massacred the Banu al-Mallah viziers while the town-crier proclaimed Abu Tashfin avenging his father; then he took the kingdom and marched on the rebel Muhammad ibn Yusuf, waging the long Béjaïa-Tlemcen wars against the Almohad remnant. - شخصیت
أبو ثابت عامر بن عبد الرحمن
Abu Thabit Amir ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Yahya ibn Yaghmurasan; co-restorer with his brother Abu Sa'id of the Tlemcen kingship after the Qayrawan disaster of 748 — he met al-Nasir son of Sultan Abu Inan in famous encounters, warred on Maghrawa and took their lands, until the Hafsids seized him in the Béjaïa country while his nephew Abu Hammu Musa slipped through to Tunis — his rule ending when Sultan Abu Inan took Tlemcen and extinguished the kingdom there. - شخصیت
السلطان أبو ثابت المريني
Abu Thabit Amir ibn Yusuf al-Marini, sultan of the Marinids (707-708 AH); 'the falcon of his people' for his daring, he marched on Tlemcen and besieged it hard, entered Marrakesh in mid-Rajab, and died at Taza in 708 AH in the flower of his reign. - شخصیت
أبو ثعلبة الخشني
A well-known Companion known by his kunya, of Banu Khushayn of Quda'a; his name is disputed in many forms (Jurhum, Jurthum and others); he came to the Prophet as he was preparing for Khaybar, embraced Islam and took part, asked about eating from the vessels of the People of the Book and about hunting, and settled in Syria. - شخصیت
أبو ثور الكلبي
The jurist Ibrahim ibn Khalid — dead in 240. - شخصیت
أبو عبيد ابن حربويه
- شخصیت
أبو عبيد بن مسعود الثقفي
Abu al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd ibn Mas'ud, of Thaqif; Umar's first appointee to Iraq in a thousand men — routed Jaban at al-Mudhayyib and Durna to Kaskar, pacified the Jalinus at Barusma at four dirhams a head, then crossed the bridge he had repaired against Dhu al-Hajib Mardanshah's mailed thousands and elephant, fighting till killed — or the elephant knelt upon him. - شخصیت
أبو عبيدة بن الجراح
تقریباً 583 عیسویAn early Qurayshi convert the Prophet called the trustworthy man of this community; he commanded the armies in Syria at the height of the conquest and died in the plague of Amwas. - شخصیت
أبو عبيدة بن زياد
Abu Ubayda ibn Ziyad; captured by Kabul's people when they broke, ransomed by Talha ibn Abdallah — Talhat al-Talhat — for five hundred thousand dirhams at Salm ibn Ziyad's sending. - شخصیت
أبو عبيدة معمر بن المثنى
The philologist of Banu Taym's clients — said to have authored the Kitab al-Wahida on Arab merits and flaws, ascribed to the disputants of Hisham's majlis or another Shu'ubi. - شخصیت
أبو أمية بن المغيرة المخزومي
A notable of Banu Makhzum; when Quraysh's quarrel over placing the Black Stone during the rebuilding of the Kaaba grew dangerous, he proposed that they let the first man to enter by the mosque gate arbitrate, and they agreed; that man was the Prophet. - شخصیت
القاضي أبو عمرو محمد بن يوسف
The qadi of Baghdad who presided over al-Hallaj's examination under vizier Hamid ibn al-Abbas; when al-Hallaj cited a house-hajj text from the Hasan al-Basri Ikhlas, Abu Umar answered you lie, licit-blood; we heard that book in Mecca and this is not in it, and wrote the fatwa shedding his blood. - شخصیت
أبو عثمان النهدي
In al-Baladhuri, who carried the glad tidings of Nihawand to Umar — 'al-Nu'man was killed' — whereupon Umar said 'we are God's' and wept, his hand on his head; 'killed among later ones I do not know' — 'but God knows them.' - شخصیت
أبو عيينة بن المهلب
Abu Uyayna ibn al-Muhallab, Yazid's brother; sent with Khalid against the Ispahbadh and routed with him. - شخصیت
أبو يحيى بن عبد الحق المريني
Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq al-Marini, 'the state's architect' for Banu Marin, conqueror of the cities and founder of their royal usages; taking the command in 642 after his brother Muhammad's fall at Wadi Yabash, his first act of state was to divide Morocco's lands and tributary tribes among the Marinid clans, settling each in a tract they might live on — so they mounted their followers, gathered their retainers, and their armies multiplied — and he set up the machinery of kingship for the amirs after him. - شخصیت
أبو يحيى بن مطروح الطرابلسي
Abu Yahya ibn Matruh, a Tripoli notable; when Roger's Normans held the town he went among its leading men and drew them into striking the Franks, who were killed and burned — a daring horseman, he governed Tripoli thereafter, came in delegation to Abd al-Mu'min at Mahdiyya's fall in 555 and was confirmed over the town, until, grown old under Yusuf ibn Abd al-Mu'min, he asked leave for the hajj and sailed to settle at Alexandria in 586. - شخصیت
أبو يعلى ابن الفراء
Abu Ya'la Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn al-Farra' al-Hanbali, d. Baghdad AH 458 — author of the Hanbali al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya. - شخصیت
أبو يعقوب يوسف بن عبد المؤمن
Abu Ya'qub Yusuf ibn Abd al-Mu'min, second Almohad caliph — deposed the designated heir, his brother Muhammad, in Sha'ban 558, posted his brother Abu Hafs 'Umar over al-Andalus, and grew up between the cavalry and the scholars: a firm jurist whose bent ran to wisdom and philosophy, his dinars the 'Yusufis' of the Maghreb. He crossed in 566 with a hundred thousand horse, and at Seville the death of Ibn Mardanish (Rajab 567 — his mother was said to have poisoned him) brought the sons to surrender all the east of al-Andalus; Yusuf raided to the gates of Toledo, took Gafsa in 575, and died of illness (some said a Frankish arrow) at the month-long siege of Santarém in Rabi' I 580, carried home in a coffin while the Almohad commanders settled the succession on his son Ya'qub without a written will. - شخصیت
أبو يعقوب يوسف المريني
Marinid sultan; pressed Tlemcen by building a counter-city al-Mansura with wall, mosque, baths and hospital, besieging it a hundred months until he died there in 707 — the Zayyanids razed his city when the army departed. - شخصیت
أبو يوسف يعقوب المريني
Abu Yusuf Ya'qub ibn Abd al-Haqq, Marinid sultan of Fez — the crossing whose victories Muslims had not seen since al-Iqab, slaying the Christian king Nuño and, as some said, forty thousand of his army; he held Ronda, Algeciras, Tarifa and Gibraltar, and under his son the Castilian Alfonso himself came begging, kissed his hand and pawned his crown for help recovering his throne. - شخصیت
أبو زكريا الحفصي
Abu Zakariya Yahya ibn Abi Muhammad, grandson of the shaykh Abu Hafs al-Hintati, founder of the Hafsid state in Ifriqiya; a loyal Almohad amir until al-Ma'mun abjured the Mahdi's creed, whereupon he threw off his allegiance in 627 AH and seized Ifriqiya, founding the Hafsid house that ruled Tunis some three centuries. - شخصیت
الأمير أبو زكريا صاحب بجاية
Abu Bakr Zakariya ibn al-Mustansir al-Hafsi, who titled himself 'al-Muntakhab for the revival of God's religion'; he reached Tlemcen after escaping his father's death and lodged with his brother-in-law Uthman ibn Yaghmurasen, then, as the Arabs swore him and kingship's signs showed, he seized Constantine in 683 AH and Bejaia in 684 AH, took Algiers, and split the Hafsid state into the western emirate and the capital — he who founded the madrasa opposite the Aquri house in Tunis. - شخصیت
أبو زيد الأنصاري
One of those who collected the Qur'an in the Prophet's time, per Abu Mikhnaf; killed at the Day of the Bridge. - شخصیت
أبو زيد أحمد بن سهل البلخي
Abu Zayd Ahmad ibn Sahl al-Balkhi — the polymath who walked from Balkh to Iraq, spent eight years among its scholars, and sat under al-Kindi mastering philosophy, astronomy and medicine. - شخصیت
أبو زيد المروزي محمد بن أحمد بن عبد الله
- شخصیت
أبو زيد بن عمرو الضبيبي
Of the Dubayb of Judham; he rode on his horse Shamir to Zayd ibn Haritha's army with Hassan and Unayf the sons of Milla, then to Rifa'a ibn Zayd and on to the Prophet at Medina, where he said: release for us those still alive, and the dead are beneath this foot of mine; the Prophet said: Abu Zayd has spoken truly. - شخصیت
أبو زينب بن عوف الأزدي
The Azdi who with Jundub bore the governor's seal and the wine-witness to Medina. - شخصیت
أبو زيان محمد بن عثمان
Abu Ziyan Muhammad ibn Uthman ibn Yaghmurasan, third of the Abd al-Wadid kings; he took the rule when his father died of dysentery in the fifth year of Yusuf ibn Ya'qub's siege of Tlemcen in 703 — his brother Abu Hammu Musa answering the troops that their sultan was the elder brother Abu Ziyan — and the city endured to a full eight years and three months, eating carrion, cats, mice and the dead, tearing roofs for fuel, a measure of wheat at two and a half mithqals of gold and a cat at one and a half, until Yusuf ibn Ya'qub was stabbed by a eunuch slave and torn limb from limb — 'and God lifted the affliction from the house of Ziyan as if they had been raised from the graves', their mint striking 'how near is God's relief' in wonder at it. - شخصیت
عبدون بن مخلد النصراني
The Baghdadi Christian Abdun ibn Makhlad who rebuilt the Old Monastery after the mob razed it in 271. - شخصیت
أبو العباس عبد الله الأبياني
A scholar of Ifriqiya in the fourth century AH. Al-Asili and Abu al-Hasan al-Qabisi were among those who narrated from him; his lifetime spanned the late Aghlabid and early Fatimid periods. - شخصیت
عبد الهادي نجا الأبياري
1821 عیسوی · 1236 ھAn Egyptian grammarian trained at al-Azhar. He tutored the children of Khedive Isma'il and served as personal imam and mufti to Khedive Tawfiq. - شخصیت
علي بن إسماعيل الأبياري
1161 عیسوی · 557 ھFrom Abyar in the Gharbiya province of Egypt; born in 557 AH and died in 616 AH. The biographical dictionaries record him in works on homonymous names. - شخصیت
عاد بن عوص
Reputed first king of 'Ad — 'Ad ibn 'Aws, three hundred years, succeeded by his son; the last of their kings was al-Khuljan. - شخصیت
آدم
The father of mankind. In Bukhari, God created him sixty cubits tall and sent him to greet the angels, whose answer became his descendants' greeting; in the Isra account the Prophet met him in the lowest heaven. - شخصیت
عداس النينوي
A Christian slave from Nineveh serving Utba and Shayba ibn Rabi'a in their orchard at al-Ta'if; upon offering grapes to the Prophet and hearing the name of Jonah (Yunus), he embraced Islam and kissed the Prophet's head, hands, and feet. - شخصیت
أدهم بن محرز الباهلي
One of the five commanders of Ibn Ziyad's vanguard from Raqqa against the Penitents. - شخصیت
عدي بن عدي بن عميرة الكندي
Adi ibn Adi ibn Amira al-Kindi; in al-Baladhuri: Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik gave him Armenia, then Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz gave it him again — he being the owner of the Nahr Adi at al-Baylaqan; his father Adi ibn Amira was of those who settled al-Raqqa having parted with Ali ibn Abi Talib. - شخصیت
عدي بن حاتم
The son of the famously generous Hatim al-Ta'i; he embraced Islam in 9 AH or 10 AH, having been a Christian, stood firm during the apostasy and brought his tribe's alms to Abu Bakr; he took part in the conquest of Iraq and was with Ali at Siffin, settled in Kufa and died after 60 AH. - شخصیت
عدي بن نضلة
Of Banu Adi ibn Ka'b; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his son al-Nu'man and died there. - شخصیت
عدي بن زيد العبادي
The Christian poet of al-Hira whose famous ode on Shapur's killing of al-Nadira — 'A calamity poured over al-Hadr' — mourns her treachery and its price. - شخصیت
عدنان
The ancestor at whom the Prophet’s lineage is said to stop: twenty-first in the chain of the prophetic genealogy in Raheeq’s reckoning, descendant of Qaydar ibn Ismail; when the Prophet reached Adnan in tracing his lineage he would stop and say the genealogists lie. - شخصیت
عضد الدولة فناخسرو بن ركن الدولة
Greatest of the Buyid sultans; he came to Baghdad in 364 'aiding' Izz al-Dawla, liked it and took it, beat and killed him in 367. Al-Ta'i' crowned him jewelled, gave two standards — the gilded heir's standard unprecedented — drums at his gate, and at the famous audience, seated behind Uthman's mushaf and the Prophet's sword, delegated to him 'the subjects' affairs east and west, save my household'. He died in 372, succeeded by his son Samsam al-Dawla. - شخصیت
عفيف بن عوف اليربوعي
Afif ibn Awf of Banu Nasr-Yarbu', their chief in the war on Thaqif's Ahlaf over the fenced pasture of Jalathan; his war-cry on the day of Karuba was said to have made seventy pregnant women miscarry. - شخصیت
أفلاطون
The Greek sage — his dictum 'know thyself and become divine' stood in Syriac on the Sabians' assembly-house door at Harran; his inverted-tree image of man and his doctrine of the soul's passage between bodies are quoted at length. - شخصیت
عفراء بنت عقال
'Urwa's beloved — dead stretched upon his grave and buried beside him. - شخصیت
أفريدون
The deliverer who took and bound al-Dahhak in Mount Damavand under the leather banner, and set his son Tuj over the Turks and Salm over Rum — al-Mas'udi's proof that the Turks were not Tuj's offspring. - شخصیت
أفوقاي أحمد بن القاسم الحجري
1570 عیسوی · 977 ھAn Andalusian from the Red Stone quarter near Granada. He lived under Spanish rule and was known as al-Shihab. - شخصیت
أحمد عبد الستار الجواري
1922 عیسوی · 1341 ھAn Iraqi scholar born in Karkh, Baghdad, who held a doctorate and was a leading researcher of the Arabic heritage. - شخصیت
أحمد البدوي
تقریباً 1199 عیسوی · تقریباً 596 ھAhmad al-Badawi of Tanta — the veiled saint of Fes who fasted forty days, heard the voice thrice bidding him to Tanta, refused the 'keys of the realms' offered in spirit by al-Jilani and al-Rifa'i, and was received with honour by Baybars in 634; he kept a rooftop twelve years and died in 675 — his disciples' mawlid still draws pilgrims. - شخصیت
أحمد الغزالي
Abu Hamid al-Ghazali's brother, who abridged the Ihya' as Lubab al-ihya'; he died in 520. - شخصیت
شهاب الدين الحلواني أحمد بن أحمد
1833 عیسوی · 1249 ھA Shafi'i and Khalwati scholar from Egypt. - شخصیت
أحمد الحملاوي
1856 عیسوی · 1273 ھBorn in a village of the Belbeis district of the Sharqiyya governorate, and graduated from Dar al-Ulum in Cairo. - شخصیت
الجراوي أحمد بن عبد السلام
From Jarawa in the Maghrib, known for poetry and learning. - شخصیت
أحمد الصغير بن حمى الله
1809 عیسوی · 1224 ھA learned and pious scholar whose lineage goes back to al-Muslimi, known as al-Saghir. - شخصیت
أحمد التجاني
1737 عیسوی · 1150 ھThe founder of the Tijaniyya Sufi order, born in Ain Madi in Algeria. - شخصیت
أحمد التجاني الكتياني
1912 عیسوی · 1331 ھA scholar of the Kitabi family, well known among the tribes of the Maghrib. - شخصیت
أحمد أمين
Ahmad Amin — Egyptian historian of Islamic intellectual life, author of the Fajr/Duha/Zuhr al-Islam trilogy; Duha covers social life, cultures, learning and creeds in the first Abbasid era. - شخصیت
أحمد بوخاطر
1975 عیسوی · 1395 ھ†The Emirati munshid behind 'Hijabtum Nurakum' — among the Gulf's best-known nasheed voices. - شخصیت
أحمد فارس الشدياق
1804 عیسوی · 1219 ھ†Ahmad Faris al-Shidyaq (1804–1887 CE) — the Lebanese lexicographer and satirist who embraced Islam in Tunis and founded the Istanbul journal al-Jawa'ib (1277 AH, twenty-three years). - شخصیت
أحمد فتحي زغلول
1863 عیسوی · 1279 ھ†Ahmad Fathi Zaghlul (1863–1914 CE) — the Egyptian jurist who translated Bentham and Demolins's Secret of Anglo-Saxon Advance. - شخصیت
الأصابي، أحمد بن عبد الله السلمي
A scholar of Zabid in Yemen, named after Dhu Asab near Zabid, who studied his sciences in Zabid under Shaykh Abdallah al-Mizjaji. - شخصیت
أحمد بن أبي دؤاد
Al-Mu'tasim's judge; he reported the caliph would bare his forearm — 'Bite it with all your strength; it does not hurt me' — and spears, let alone teeth, made no mark. - شخصیت
أحمد بن أبي خالد الأحول
Ahmad ibn Abi Khalid al-Ahwal the katib; al-Ma'mun's commander who took Haydar's short road and camped on Ushrusana's city before the Turks arrived — Kawus surrendered. - شخصیت
أحمد بن أبي طاهر المروزي
Abu al-Fadl the scribe and foremost poet, author of a caliph history, d. 280h. - شخصیت
أحمد بن الخصيب
Al-Mu'tasim's minister; per al-Suli the caliph told him 'the Umayyads ruled when none of us ruled — we rule and this Umayyad holds al-Andalus? Reckon what is needed to fight him' — begun before his illness worsened and he died ، وعند المسعودي هو ابن الضحاك الجرجاني ووزر للمنتصر وقال حين عفا عن الشاري إن لذة العفو أعذب من لذة التشفي وأقبح أفعال المقتدر الانتقام. - شخصیت
أحمد بن المعذل
A scholar gathered by al-Mutawakkil; alone he kept his seat — 'it is not my sight; I held you above God's torment, for the Prophet said whoever loves that men stand for him, let him take his seat in the Fire' — and the caliph came and sat beside him. - شخصیت
أحمد بن المدبر
Al-Muhtadi's kharaj governor of Palestine, keeper of seven select boon-companions and target of the famous Ibn Diraj the gatecrasher's wager. - شخصیت
أحمد بن المكتفي
Son of the caliph al-Muktafi; hunted down under al-Qahir in 321 and walled up alive until he died. - شخصیت
أحمد بن الطيب
Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib, counted by al-Mas'udi among the post-Islamic astronomers. - شخصیت
أحمد بن الطيب السرخسي
Al-Kindi's pupil and Baghdad's muhtasib, whose confiscation and killing under al-Mu'tadid yielded 150,000 dinars. - شخصیت
أحمد بن حمى الله التيشيتي
1695 عیسوی · 1107 ھA Mauritanian scholar known by the nisba of his homeland, Tishit, and descended from the Sharif Ahmad. - شخصیت
أحمد بن حنبل، وعند ابن النديم أبو عبد الله أحمد بن حنبل وله كتاب العلل {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 320}
An imam and hadith scholar who compiled the Musnad; eponym of the Hanbali school, which gives precedence to the revealed text and transmitted reports. He wrote only one treatise on jurisprudence, on prayer, while his students wrote more than thirty volumes of his words and fatwas. - شخصیت
أحمد بن عماد الأقفهسي
The Shafi'i jurist Ahmad ibn Imad al-Aqfahsi, known as al-Imad, of Cairo; the sources do not record his date of birth precisely. - شخصیت
أحمد بن عيسى الخراز
A major Sufi, named al-Kharraz after the trade of leather-stitching. - شخصیت
أحمد بن مصطفى بن الخوجة
1664 عیسوی · 1074 ھThe author of several works, who lived in Tunis; a Hanafi in Tunisian religious life. - شخصیت
أحمد بن نصر الخزاعي
A hadith man devoted to commanding right and forbidding wrong; brought shackled to Samarra in 231 he refused createdness and told al-Wathiq 'you lie!', who beheaded him with his own hand — head crucified at Baghdad, body at Sur man Ra'a six years until al-Mutawakkil buried him. - شخصیت
أحمد بن سهل الساماني
One of the chief commanders of the Samanid amir Ahmad ibn Isma'il, among the generals sent against Sistan in 298. - شخصیت
أحمد بن سعيد بن حزم
The vizier Abu 'Amr Ahmad b. Sa'id b. Hazm, father of the polymath Ibn Hazm — a secretary, mufti and philologist 'deep-sailing in the science of the tongue'; he died in 393. - شخصیت
أحمد بن عبد الملك بن شهيد
Al-Nasir's wazir whose gift of Jumada I 327 — half a million mithqals of coined gold, ambergris, musk, camphor and Khalifal silks — was the greatest present ever made to an Andalusi king, earning him the doubled stipend and the title Dhu'l-Wizaratayn, first so called in al-Andalus. - شخصیت
أحمد بن طاهر الشاعر
The poet of the great 'peace be upon Islam' elegy for Yahya ibn 'Umar. - شخصیت
أحمد بن طولون
The commander; al-Mu'tazz sent him to kill al-Musta'in and he answered 'by God, I do not kill the sons of caliphs'. - شخصیت
أحمد بن عمر بن سريج
- شخصیت
أحمد بن أويس الجلائري
Ahmad ibn Uways the Jalayirid, sultan of Baghdad, Tabriz and the Iraqi lands after his brother Shaykh Husayn (784) — a dreaded, blood-spilling sultan with tyranny over his amirs and troops, yet versed in several sciences, complete in astronomy, and an accomplished musician in knowledge and performance, immersed in the pleasures souls desire; Barquq honoured him exceedingly, gave him the vice-sultanate patent of Baghdad, and would not let him kiss the ground, out of reverence. - شخصیت
أحمد بن يحيى الجلاء
A major Sufi of Baghdadi origin, who lived in Ramla and Damascus. - شخصیت
أحمد بن يحيى المتكلم
- شخصیت
ثعلب أحمد بن يحيى
815 عیسوی · 200 ھA Kufan philologist and grammarian, a client of the Banu Shayban. Many sayings on grammar are transmitted from him. - شخصیت
أحمد بن يوسف التيفاشي
1184 عیسوی · 580 ھA scholar and writer of the Qays lineage, named after Tifash in the Maghrib. - شخصیت
أحمد بن زيرك
Baghdad police chief who made the arrests in Mu'nis's house for al-Qahir in 321; his own house was later plundered with Ibn Muqla's faction. - شخصیت
السلطان أحمد الثاني
Sultan Ahmed II (r. 1691–1694): a four-year reign of skirmishes in which the great Köprülü vizier Mustafa fell in battle and Venice seized Aegean islands. - شخصیت
أحمد خان صاحب سمرقند
Lord of Samarqand; when zandaqa showed in him the amirs seized him and the jurists fatwa'd his death — killed in 488, his cousin installed. - شخصیت
أحمدي تاج الدين إبراهيم بن خضر
تقریباً 1334 عیسوی · 735 ھOne of the best-known Ottoman poets of the fourteenth century, named Ibrahim with the laqab Taj al-Din and father Khidr; died 815 AH (1412 CE). - شخصیت
أحمد الثالث
Ahmed III (r. 1115–1143/1703–1730) — recovered the Morea and Azov, nearly captured Peter the Great on the Pruth, then lost Belgrade to Austria and signed Passarowitz (1718): Serbia and part of Wallachia gone, Morea kept. - شخصیت
عائشة بنت أبي بكر
تقریباً 613 عیسویA wife of the Prophet and daughter of Abu Bakr; one of the most prolific transmitters of hadith in Sunni tradition, whose role is viewed differently across the traditions. - شخصیت
عائشة بنت الحارث بن خالد
Daughter of al-Harith ibn Khalid and Rayta, born in the land of Abyssinia; she died on the road with her mother, her sister and her brother. - شخصیت
عائشة بنت سعد
A'isha bint Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas; in al-Baladhuri via al-Waqidi, she related that when Mu'awiya killed Hujr ibn Adi her father said 'had Mu'awiya seen what came of the seepage of Ayn Qantarat Hulwan he would have known Hujr's great service to Islam.' - شخصیت
عائشة بنت طلحة
- شخصیت
إيتاخ التركي
The Turkish amir commanding al-Mu'tasim's right wing at Amorium. - شخصیت
أخي زاده يوسف أفندي
An Ottoman scholar, also known as Akhi Qalbi, who died at the start of the tenth century AH. - شخصیت
آكل المرار الكندي
A king of Kinda to whom al-Ash'ath ibn Qays traced his line through women and whose descendant the delegation claimed the Prophet was; Ibn Hisham names him al-Harith ibn Amr ibn Hujr and explains the name: Amr ibn al-Habula the Ghassanid raided his people and captured his wife Umm Unas bint Awf of Shayban, who described to her captor a dark man with lips like a camel's that has eaten the bitter murar shrub, and al-Harith pursued and killed him and recovered her; others say he was Hujr ibn Amr, so named because he and his men ate the murar on that raid. - شخصیت
الأعور بن قطبة
The duelist who traded deaths with Shahriyar of Sijistan on the day of Aghwath — carried grievously wounded to the lone palm and made his verse on it. - شخصیت
العباس بن الأحنف
An Abbasid poet raised in Baghdad, with family in Basra. He was linked by nisba to the Banu Hanifa. - شخصیت
العباس بن الحسن
Al-Muqtadir's vizier; deeming the thirteen-year-old caliph a mere boy he worked to depose him for Ibn al-Mu'tazz, was bought off with money, then killed in the deposition of 296. - شخصیت
العباس بن المأمون
Al-Ma'mun's son whose correspondence with the emperor and oath-ring in the army cut short the march on Constantinople — imprisoned and dead within the year. - شخصیت
العباس بن علي
Ali's son by Umm al-Banin — killed beside al-Husayn on 'Ashura' 61, one of the five sons through whom Ali's line continued. - شخصیت
العباس بن محمد بن علي
al-Abbas ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas, uncle of al-Saffah and al-Mansur; in al-Baladhuri: al-Mansur set him over the raiders of year 149 from Hadithat al-Mawsil ordering him to march them on Kamkh; he went with al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba to Malatya, took provisions, camped on Kamkh and ordered the mangonels set — the Romans killed two hundred Muslims with stones until the Muslims took the fort behind armoured shelters; Matar al-Warraq was with him on this expedition. - شخصیت
العباس بن عبادة
A zealous leader of the Khazraj who attended both Pledges of Aqaba; at the Second Pledge he stood to impress upon the Yathribites the gravity of their covenant, declaring their readiness to face war against all mankind; after the meeting he offered to strike the Quraysh encampment at Mina if ordered; he was martyred at the battle of Uhud. - شخصیت
الأبي محمد بن خلفة
تقریباً 1344 عیسوی · تقریباً 745 ھ†A Maliki usuli scholar from the Maghrib, known for the rational sciences, memorization and rigorous editing; named after the village of Abba in Tunisia. - شخصیت
الأبهري أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الله
901 عیسوی · 289 ھA Maliki jurist who combined the Qur'anic readings, high-grade chains of transmission and sound jurisprudence; from Abhar, between Qazvin and Zanjan. - شخصیت
الأبهري أثير الدين المفضل بن عمر
One of the best-known scholars of Islamic thought in logic, astronomy and mathematics. The nisba al-Abhari refers to the town of Abhar; his birthplace is not firmly established. - شخصیت
الآبلي أبو عبد الله
1282 عیسوی · 681 ھMaghribi scholar of logic and the rational sciences; Ibn Khaldun attended his lessons in Tunis. - شخصیت
الأبلق الأزدي
One of the Arabs' 'arrafs — the diviner a rank below the kahin — alongside al-Ahlaj al-Dahri and 'Urwa. - شخصیت
الأبرقوهي أحمد بن إسحاق
1218 عیسوی · 615 ھJudge of Abarquh and a Shafi'i scholar, hadith transmitter and Sufi; born in Abarquh in Fars and died in Egypt. - شخصیت
الآبري أبو الحسن
Hadith scholar, memoriser and historian from Sijistan who travelled to Syria, Khurasan and al-Jazira to hear traditions. - شخصیت
الأبشيهي أبو الفتح
1388 عیسوی · 790 ھEgyptian man of letters and author of the Mamluk period who gathered anecdotes and curiosities in his books. - شخصیت
الإبشيطي أحمد بن إسماعيل
1399 عیسوی · 802 ھA Cairene jurist, first Shafi'i and then Hanbali; born in Ibshit in the Gharbiya province of Egypt. - شخصیت
الأدفوي جعفر بن ثعلبة
1286 عیسوی · 685 ھCombined jurisprudence with literature. From Adfu in Upper Egypt; died in 748 AH. - شخصیت
العاضد لدين الله آخر خلفاء بني عبيد
Fourteenth and last Ubaydid caliph; Shirkuh then Salah al-Din viziered under him till the Abbasid khutba was raised in Muharram 567 while he lay dying — he passed on Ashura, his palace's hoards selling for ten years. - شخصیت
الأفعى بن الأفعى الجرهمي
Jurhumite king of Najran appointed by the dying Nizar ibn Ma'add to arbitrate his sons' riddling bequest — the episode famed for the brothers deducing a lost camel's traits (one-eyed, docked, wall-eyed, stray) from its track alone. - شخصیت
أفشين
al-Afshin, lord of Ushrusana; he bought off Muslim ibn Sa'id's invasion with six thousand heads and his fortress. - شخصیت
الأفيوني عبد الله بن عمر
A man of letters and poet from Tripoli in Syria, where he was born and raised; he later worked in Egypt. - شخصیت
الأحلج الدهري
Another of the named 'arrafs of the Arabs, below the kahin in rank. - شخصیت
الأحمر النحوي
Al-Amin's tutor — briefed by al-Rashid to teach Qur'an, athar, verse and sunna 'without killing his mind'. - شخصیت
الأحنف بن قيس
al-Ahnaf ibn Qays — al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Tamimi; in al-Baladhuri, sent by Abu Musa to take Qashan by force and by Ibn Budayl to al-Yahudiyya on Jayy's terms, on Abu Musa's vanguard in one version. - شخصیت
الأحول أبو العباس
Poet and philologist of Basra, mentioned in the classical biographies of poets. - شخصیت
الأحوص
The Medinese poet whose lines for Hababa — 'be a stone of the hard earth if you never loved; life is only what delights' — undid Yazid's reform. - شخصیت
الأحوص الأنصاري
Umayyad poet from the Ansar of Medina, known for love poetry and for his standing in Arabic letters. - شخصیت
الأحوص بن جعفر
Al-Ahwas ibn Ja'far, the Kilabi satirist; when al-Harith ibn Zalim treacherously killed his brother Khalid he led Banu Amir against Banu Darim — the day of Rahrahan. - شخصیت
الأجدع بن مالك الهمداني
Leader of Hamdan against Murad on the Day of al-Radm shortly before Islam according to Ibn Ishaq; Ibn Hisham names Malik ibn Harim al-Hamdani instead. - شخصیت
الآجري
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Ajurri, d. AH 360 — author of Akhbar 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz. - شخصیت
الأخضري عبد الرحمن بن محمد
1514 عیسوی · 920 ھA Maliki jurist and versifier from the Maghrib, known for verse treatises on law and worship that were taught in the Quranic schools. - شخصیت
الأخفش الأكبر
Early grammarian of Basra; transmitter of Sibawayh's circle. - شخصیت
الأخفش الأصغر علي بن سليمان
849 عیسوی · 235 ھA Baghdadi grammarian known as al-Akhfash al-Asghar, to distinguish him from other grammarians who bore the name. - شخصیت
الأخفش الأوسط سعيد بن مسعدة
A Basran grammarian of Khwarazmian origin and a pupil of Sibawayh. He is known as al-Awsat to distinguish him from other grammarians named al-Akhfash. - شخصیت
الأخنس بن شريق
A Thaqafi leader allied to Banu Zuhra who marched with the Meccan army, then judged a battle against Medina unnecessary after the caravan escaped and led the whole Zuhra contingent — some 300 men — home before Badr. - شخصیت
الأخسيكثي حسام الدين
Scholar from Akhsikath in the Fergana valley who died in 644 AH. - شخصیت
الأخطل
- شخصیت
الأخزر بن لعط الديلي
A poet of Banu al-Dil who boasted in verse of driving Banu Ka'b of Khuza'a away from al-Watir; Budayl ibn Umm Asram answered him in a poem Ibn Hisham records under a non-Ibn-Ishaq strand. - شخصیت
الأكوع محمد بن علي
1903 عیسوی · 1321 ھA scholar of jurisprudence and inheritance law, philologist and prolific writer, with wide knowledge of the history of Yemen in the Islamic period. - شخصیت
العلاء بن عبد الرحمن بن مخرز
al-Ala' ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Mukhriz, Qurashi of Abd Shams; in al-Baladhuri — per al-Kalbi — he was over Kufa's quarter in Ibn al-Zubayr's days, Sikkat Ibn Mukhriz being named for him, his house the site of today's Dar Isa ibn Musa. - شخصیت
العلاء بن الحضرمي
An early Muslim Companion and skilled diplomat from Hadramawt; appointed by the Prophet as his envoy to al-Mundhir ibn Sawa, ruler of Bahrain, who accepted Islam alongside his people; served as governor of Bahrain under the Prophet, Abu Bakr, and Umar. - شخصیت
العلاء بن جارية الثقفي
A leader of Thaqif allied to Banu Zuhra; he embraced Islam after the fall of Mecca and was granted one hundred camels at al-Ji'rana among al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum to reconcile his tribe. - شخصیت
العلاء بن وهب
al-Ala ibn Wahb ibn Abd ibn Wahban of Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy; in al-Baladhuri, Sa'd's appointee for Uthman over Mah and Hamadhan — when Hamadhan's people broke faith he fought them into submission and treated on land kharaj, head jizya, 100,000 dirhams for the Muslims, and immunity of wealth, honor and children. - شخصیت
الألباني محمد ناصر الدين
1914 عیسوی · 1333 ھA well-known hadith scholar of Albanian origin and Syrian nationality, distinguished in the authentication and grading of hadiths and in hadith jurisprudence. - شخصیت
الوزير مؤيد الدين العلقمي
Al-Musta'sim's vizier; keen to end the Abbasid state for an Alid caliph, he courted the Tatars, hid their news from the caliph, fed them his, and counselled the cutting of the army — the betrayal remembered against him. - شخصیت
الأعمى التطيلي أحمد بن عبد الله
An Andalusian poet who was blind and known as al-A'ma. He is linked by nisba to Tudela and to Seville. - شخصیت
الأعمش سليمان بن مهران
680 عیسوی · 61 ھA hadith scholar, reciter and expert in inheritance law, nicknamed al-A'mash for weakness of sight. Accounts of his birthplace differ. - شخصیت
الآمدي أبو القاسم الحسن بن بشر
A literary critic and philologist from Basra who worked as a secretary in the offices of Basra and Baghdad; author of al-Muwazana, comparing the poetry of Abu Tammam and al-Buhturi. - شخصیت
الأمير العالم الأعجمي
The Ajami who, seeing the amirs' hang-back, mounted the minbar before the khatib on the first Jumu'a of Muharram 567 and prayed for al-Mustadi' — and none objected. - شخصیت
الآمر بأحكام الله منصور بن المستعلي
Mansur ibn al-Musta'li, tenth Ubaydid caliph as al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah, raised at five years old on his father's death in 495. - شخصیت
الأنباري عبد الرحمن بن محمد
1119 عیسوی · 513 ھA scholar from al-Anbar on the Euphrates, known as Kamal al-Din. He died in 577 AH. - شخصیت
الأنصاري الهروي عبد الله بن محمد
1005 عیسوی · 396 ھA memorizer, historian, hadith scholar, Sufi and Qur'an commentator from Herat, a Hanbali who traced his lineage to Abu Ayyub al-Ansari. - شخصیت
الأنصاري السرقسطي إسماعيل بن خلف
A reciter, grammarian and man of letters from Zaragoza in al-Andalus, who moved to Egypt and settled there. - شخصیت
الأقرع بن حابس التميمي
A paramount chieftain and arbitrator of Banu Tamim in Najd; given one hundred camels at al-Ji'rana among al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum, he witnessed the conquest of Mecca, Hunayn and al-Ta'if with the Prophet, came with the Tamim delegation in 9 AH and pronounced that the Muslims' orator and poet surpassed Tamim's, after which the delegation accepted Islam; he later took part in the early conquests. - شخصیت
الأردبيلي فرج بن محمد
A Shafi'i jurist who combined transmitted and rational sciences. Named after Ardabil; died in 749 AH. - شخصیت
الأردبيلي جمال الدين
Shafi'i jurist from Ardabil in Azerbaijan who died in 779 AH. - شخصیت
الأرقم بن أبي الأرقم
One of the earliest Muslims of the secret call; his name is tied in the sira to his house, which became the call's centre. - شخصیت
العاص بن وائل
The Sahmi notable whose withholding of a Zabidi merchant's due sparked the events leading to the Fudul pact — the confederates rose and wrested the man's right from him. - شخصیت
الأسدي أحمد السمكي
1625 عیسوی · 1035 ھMeccan scholar of the eleventh century AH who grew up in Mecca. - شخصیت
أبو الحسن الأشعري
A Sunni theologian to whom the Ash'ari school is attributed, author of Maqalat al-Islamiyyin in which he sets out the position of the hadith scholars and Ahl al-Sunna and says he holds it; the edition of the book calls him the shaykh of Ahl al-Sunna wa'l-Jama'a. - شخصیت
الأشعري علي بن إسماعيل
874 عیسوی · 260 ھA Basran theologian to whom the Ash'ari school of kalam is attributed. Little is known of his life beyond this. - شخصیت
الأشعث بن قيس
One of the kings of Kinda and holder of the quarter-share of Hadramawt; he came to the Prophet in 10 AH with seventy riders of Kinda, left Islam with those of Kinda who did, was captured and brought to Abu Bakr, embraced Islam again and was freed and married to Abu Bakr's sister; he was at al-Yarmuk, al-Qadisiyya and with Ali at Siffin, and died forty nights after Ali's killing. - شخصیت
الأشهب بن بشر الكلبي
al-Ashhab ibn Bishr al-Kalbi; al-Hajjaj's governor of Sijistan when the truce-years ended — he pressed Rutbil hard over the 'urud until the king's complaint reached al-Hajjaj, who dismissed him. - شخصیت
السلطان الأشرف إينال
Circassian sultan invested by caliph al-Qa'im in 857; their breach over the soldiers' intrusion led him to depose the caliph himself in 859 and hold him at Alexandria. - شخصیت
الملك الأشرف صلاح الدين خليل بن قلاوون
Qalawun's son; he raised the sidelined caliph — no deed ever asked of him — whose Jumu'a khutba named him to rule and whose jihad khutba urged Baghdad's retaking. Killed at Turuja, Muharram 693. - شخصیت
الملك الأشرف شعبان بن حسين
Mamluk sultan from 764, maker of the ashraf's green turban-badge; betrayed by his amirs on the hajj road in 778, he fled, hid, and was strangled in Dhu'l-Qa'da. - شخصیت
أشرس بن عبد الله السلمي
al-Ashras ibn Abdallah al-Sulami; Hisham's governor, guided by his Nabati katib Abu Umayya — raised the levies, freed converts from jizya, watched the kharaj collapse, clawed it back as musalama, and sent the jailed-then-bailed Thabit Qutna to a death by Turks. - شخصیت
أبو محمد عبد الله الأصيلي
936 عیسوی · 324 ھThe Maliki traditionist, jurist and judge Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Ibrahim al-Asili of al-Andalus, one of the leading transmitters and jurists of his time; he grew up at Asila near Tangier before returning to al-Andalus. - شخصیت
الأصمعي
The philologist whose tale of Sulayman's sleeve-snatched chickens explained the grease-marks in the Umayyad wardrobe — Harun gifted him Sulayman's very jubba. - شخصیت
الأسمندي محمد بن عبد الحميد
1095 عیسوی · 488 ھA scholar recorded in the biographical dictionaries. The sources differ on his kunya and origins. - شخصیت
الأسمر عبد السلام
Libyan Sufi shaykh of Tripoli whose seclusion (khalwa) became known under his name. - شخصیت
الأسترابادي الحسن بن محمد
1247 عیسوی · 645 ھFrom Astarabad in Mazandaran; born in 645 AH and died in 715 AH. - شخصیت
الأسود العنسي
تقریباً 580 عیسویAbhala ibn Ka'b, called al-Aswad 'the veiled one' — a soothsayer of Yemen who claimed prophecy, seized San'a and much of Yemen for a few weeks, and was cut down by the Persian colony that had first served him. - شخصیت
الأسود بن غفار
Last king of Jadis — fled Hassan's sack to Tayyi' who sheltered him unknowing; his line, they say, yet survives among them. - شخصیت
الأسود بن كلثوم العدوي عدي الرباب
al-Aswad ibn Kulthum al-Adawi, the ascetic called Adi al-Ribab; at Bayhaq he and a band entered by a wall-breach, the foe held it, and he died fighting with his men — Adham ibn Kathum then won the town. He had prayed to rise from the bellies of beasts and birds, so his brother left him unburied while the fallen companions were buried. - شخصیت
الأسود بن نوفل
A Companion of Banu Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza; he emigrated to Abyssinia and arrived in the two ships. - شخصیت
الأسود بن سريع التميمي
Al-Aswad ibn Sari' al-Tamimi; some say he laid out Basra's mosque and was the first to judge in it — the sons of Mas'ud taunted 'God have mercy, you have made yourself famous' and he answered 'I shall not do it again'. - شخصیت
الأسود بن يعفر
A jahili poet of Najran, author of the celebrated elegy for the house of Muharriq opening 'what can I hope for after the house of Muharriq left their dwellings, and after Iyad', in which he named the folk of al-Khawarnaq, al-Sadir, Marib and the palace of Sindad. - شخصیت
الأسود بن يزيد النخعي
- شخصیت
الأوزاعي عبد الرحمن بن عمرو
706 عیسوی · 88 ھThe imam and foremost jurist of Syria in his time. Historians differ on the origin of his nisba al-Awza'i. - شخصیت
العيزار بن حريث
Kufan narrator; in al-Baladhuri he transmits an alternative table of Umar's Sawad levies — two dirhams and two jaribs per wheat jarib, a dirham and jarib on barley, ten on vine, ten on ratba, five on cotton, a dirham per Farsi palm and on the two daqal grades. - شخصیت
الأزدي القرطبي
1093 عیسوی · 486 ھAndalusi scholar of Cordoba from whom students took hadith. - شخصیت
العزيز بالله نزار بن المعز
Nizar ibn al-Mu'izz, fifth Ubaydid caliph as al-Aziz bi'llah; his envoy reached Baghdad in 369, and per al-Dhahabi Hims, Hama and Aleppo were opened for him beyond his forebears' gains, he was preached at Mosul and Yemen, his name on their coinage and banners — succeeded by his son al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. - شخصیت
الأزجاني ناصح الدين
1068 عیسوی · 460 ھScholar from Arjan in Persia who died in 544 AH. - شخصیت
الأزرقي
Meccan historian of the third century AH who wrote on the history and monuments of Mecca. - شخصیت
البابرتي أكمل الدين
Hanafi jurist and theologian who worked in Cairo under the Mamluk sultans; died 786 AH. - شخصیت
البديع الأسطرلابي
A native of Baghdad and one of the leading astronomers and astrolabists of his time. - شخصیت
البادسي
Hadith scholar, historian and genealogist from Granada, author of al-Maqsad al-Sharif on the righteous of the Rif; died 722 AH. - شخصیت
البغوي أحمد بن منيع
One of the hadith memorists, companion of Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam, known as Ibn Bint Mani after his maternal grandfather. - شخصیت
البغوي الحسين بن محمد
1044 عیسوی · 436 ھA hadith scholar and jurist from the town of Baghh in Khurasan, between Marw and Herat. His works include Sharh al-Sunna. - شخصیت
البغوي أبو الحسن علي بن العزيز
Hadith scholar who transmitted from al-Nasa'i, Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Musa ibn Harun, among others; al-Husayn al-Nisaburi, known as al-Qabbani, transmitted from him. - شخصیت
البغدادي أبو منصور عبد القاهر بن طاهر
Theologian of Baghdad who wrote on the principles of faith, on the createdness of the Qur'an and on the interpretation of ambiguous reports, and on the sects. - شخصیت
البغدادي أبو العلاء صاعد بن الحسن
Baghdadi lexicographer of Rabi'a origin from Mosul, who transmitted in the East from al-Sirafi and al-Farisi; died 417 AH (1026 CE). - شخصیت
البغدادي أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن جابر
850 عیسوی · 235 ھMajor scholar of the Zahiri legal school, which traces to Dawud ibn Ali al-Isfahani; wrote on the differences among jurists; died 310 AH (922 CE). - شخصیت
البغدادي ملك النحاة الحسن بن صافي
1096 عیسوی · 489 ھGrammarian, jurist and man of letters of Baghdad, known as the King of Grammarians; born to a freedman father; lived 489–568 AH (1096–1173 CE). - شخصیت
الباخرزي
Poet and man of letters from Bakharz in Khurasan, trained in Shafi'i jurisprudence and author of a biographical dictionary of poets of his time. - شخصیت
الباجي أبو الوليد سليمان بن خلف
1012 عیسوی · 403 ھA hadith scholar, jurist, man of letters, poet, theologian and legal theorist from Beja in al-Andalus, a Maliki. - شخصیت
الباجي محمد بن محمد الصغير
1698 عیسوی · 1109 ھA Tunisian historian whose full name is often misreported, since he is widely known by the kunya al-Saghir al-Baji. - شخصیت
البيجوري إبراهيم بن محمد
1784 عیسوی · 1198 ھA Shafi'i theologian and jurist, born in al-Bajur in the Minufiya province of Egypt. He memorized the Qur'an there and then moved to al-Azhar. - شخصیت
البكري أبو عبيد عبد الله بن عبد العزيز
1041 عیسوی · 432 ھAn encyclopaedic scholar of al-Andalus, author of al-Masalik wa-l-Mamalik on geography and history. - شخصیت
البلوي أحمد بن علي
1462 عیسوی · 866 ھA philologist, man of letters and poet from Wadi Ash, linked to the tribe of Bali. - شخصیت
البلخي أبو معشر جعفر بن محمد
Astrologer and astronomer Abu Ma'shar Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Balkhi, leading figure of his time in his field, of Balkh in Khurasan; died 272 AH (886 CE). - شخصیت
البناني عبد الرحمن بن جاد الله
Named after Bannan, a village in Syria. A scholar of Syria. - شخصیت
البنا شهاب الدين أحمد بن محمد
Linguist from Damietta in Egypt, described by biographers as master of the Arabic language and of the Islamic sciences, whose surviving works number about five books. - شخصیت
البراء بن عازب
A Companion of the Aws, as was his father; he was judged too young at Badr along with Ibn Umar and sent back, then took part at Uhud; he joined fourteen or fifteen expeditions with the Prophet, took al-Rayy, was with Ali at the Camel and Siffin, settled in Kufa and died in the governorship of Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr. - شخصیت
البراء بن مالك
The brother of Anas ibn Malik and son of Umm Sulaym, he was the Prophet's camel-driver chanting on his journeys, took part in the campaigns except Badr, distinguished himself at al-Yamama, and was killed at the fortress of Tustar in Umar's caliphate, around 20 AH. - شخصیت
البراء بن معرور
Senior chief of Banu Salima of the Khazraj and the foremost spokesman for the Yathrib delegation at the Second Pledge of Aqaba; he took the Prophet's hand and proclaimed their commitment to defend him with their lives and arms; he died shortly before the Prophet reached Medina in the Hijra. - شخصیت
البربهاري الحسن بن علي
847 عیسوی · 233 ھA Hanbali, named after barbahar, a drug imported from India. - شخصیت
البرجندي نظام الدين عبد العالي
From Barjand in Khurasan, born in the middle of the ninth century AH. - شخصیت
البرقاني أحمد بن محمد
948 عیسوی · 336 ھA Shafi'i jurist from Khwarazm, known as al-Barqani after the village of Barqan near Kath. - شخصیت
البرقي أبو بكر أحمد بن عبد الله
Egyptian hadith scholar, historian and jurist known as al-Hafiz al-Barqi; died 270 AH (883 CE). - شخصیت
البرزلي أبو القاسم بن أحمد
1339 عیسوی · 741 ھThe jurist and leading scholar of Tunis, author of the large legal compendium al-Diwan al-Kabir. Born in Kairouan and lived in Tunis. - شخصیت
البرزنجي
1716 عیسوی · 1128 ھScholar from the Barzanji family of sayyids in Medina, a family known for learning and piety; died 1177 AH. - شخصیت
أرسلان البساسيري التركي
The Turk whose power grew till he was preached on the minbars and the caliph decided nothing without him; his ill creed proved out, he took Baghdad in 450 under Egyptian banners with the khutba to the Ubaydid al-Mustansir, seized and jailed the caliph at Ana — till Tughrul Beg's army took him and his head reached Baghdad. - شخصیت
البشتي أبو حامد أحمد بن محمد الخارزنجي
Scholar of Nishapur, named after the district of Busht and the village of Kharazanj; died 348 AH (959 CE). - شخصیت
البصري أبو القاسم علي بن حمزة
Lexicographer, man of letters and critic of Basra who stayed for a time in Baghdad, where al-Mutanabbi lodged at his house; died 375 AH (985 CE). - شخصیت
البسوس بنت منقذ
Al-Basus bint Munqidh of Tamim, Jasas's aunt: her guest's she-camel Sarab was the beast Kulayb shot in the forbidden pasture, and her cry of 'wa-dhalah!' lit the war that bears her name — she passed into proverb as 'more ominous than al-Basus'. - شخصیت
محمد بن جابر البتاني
Muhammad ibn Jabir al-Battani, numbered by al-Mas'udi among Islam's astronomers. - شخصیت
البياضي أحمد بن الحسن
A Hanafi scholar of Rumi origin, linked to Bosnia, known as Kamal al-Din. - شخصیت
البيكندي أحمد بن علي
923 عیسوی · 311 ھA scholar of Bikand, from which he takes his nisba. He died in 404 AH. - شخصیت
البيضاوي عبد الله بن عمر
1172 عیسوی · 568 ھA jurist, Qur'an commentator, theologian and legal theorist, author of Anwar al-Tanzil. - شخصیت
البيدق أبو بكر بن علي الصنهاجي
تقریباً 1096 عیسوی · 490 ھFrom the Sanhaja tribe of the central Maghrib, born around 490 AH (1096 CE) and died 555 AH (1160 CE). - شخصیت
البيهقي أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسين
994 عیسوی · 384 ھImam, hadith memorist, legal theorist and jurist Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Bayhaqi of Khusrawjird in Khurasan; born 384 AH (994 CE), died 458 AH (1066 CE). - شخصیت
البزدوي أبو اليسر محمد
1030 عیسوی · 421 ھHanafi jurist of Bukhara and judge of Samarqand, to whom the leadership of the Hanafi school passed in his time; died 493 AH (1100 CE). - شخصیت
البزماوي شمس الدين محمد
Scholar of law, Arabic grammar and inheritance who was shaykh of the Fakhriyya school in Cairo, taught at the Salahiyya in Jerusalem, and composed verse works on legal theory, inheritance and prosody; he made the Hajj in 828 AH (1424 CE). - شخصیت
البزار أبو بكر أحمد بن عمرو
825 عیسوی · 210 ھWell-known hadith scholar known as al-Bazzar, who narrated hadith in Isfahan, Baghdad, Egypt and Mecca in his later years; died 292 AH (905 CE). - شخصیت
البزار أبو الطاهر عبد الواحد بن عمر
891 عیسوی · 278 ھBaghdadi reader and grammarian of the late fourth century AH, who died in 349 AH (961 CE); the sources differ on his birth year. - شخصیت
البقاعي إبراهيم بن عمر
1406 عیسوی · 809 ھA Shafi'i scholar and hadith specialist from the Biqa' valley, born in 809 AH and died in 885 AH. Among his works is Nazm al-Durar on the coherence of the verses and suras. - شخصیت
البيروني محمد بن أحمد
973 عیسوی · 362 ھBorn in Kath, the old city of Khwarazm. One of the leading astronomers, mathematicians, geographers and historians of his age. - شخصیت
البطروجي أبو إسحاق نور الدين
Among the great Arab astronomers, of Andalusi origin from Bidrush near Cordoba, active in the sixth century AH. - شخصیت
البحتري
Abu Ubada al-Walid ibn Ubayd, the poet; he praised al-Mutawakkil for lifting the mihna — 'commander of the faithful, we thank you for your bright days: you restored the faith after two factions had disputed it' — lampooning Ibn Abi Du'ad, and composed for him and al-Fath ibn Khaqan the fidelity ode, slain together as the caliph had foreshadowed. - شخصیت
البهوتي منصور بن يونس
1591 عیسوی · 1000 ھHanbali jurist, shaykh of the Hanbalis in Egypt in his time, named after Buhut in the Gharbiyya province; wrote extensively on Hanbali law and also on exegesis, legal theory and inheritance; born 1000 AH (1591 CE), died 1051 AH (1641 CE). - شخصیت
البخاري علاء الدين
Hanafi jurist from Bukhara; died 1331 CE (the printed Hijri year does not match and is not recorded). - شخصیت
البخاري افتخار الدين طاهر بن أحمد
A Hanafi jurist from Bukhara, who is thought to have been born in the nearby village of Maymurgh. - شخصیت
البليدي أبو عبد الله محمد بن محمد
1685 عیسوی · 1096 ھScholar born in Algeria who moved between the Maghrib, al-Andalus and Tunisia, named after the town of Bulayda; died 1763 CE. - شخصیت
البرك بن عبد الله التميمي
A Tamimi Khariji who joined the Meccan pact with Ibn Muljim and Amr ibn Bakir to kill the three governors on the night of 17 Ramadan 40; he took Mu'awiya, striking him as he prostrated in prayer and wounding his buttock, but Mu'awiya survived. - شخصیت
البرجيني
Maliki jurist from Tunisia, among the notable Maliki jurists of his age, who studied with a pupil of al-Mazari at Mahdiya; died 630 AH. - شخصیت
البرشاني إبراهيم بن محمد
1403 عیسوی · 806 ھAndalusi jurist, linguist and scholar of inheritance law and arithmetic from Wadi Ash (Guadix), who studied with the leading scholars of his time. - شخصیت
البسيلي أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد
Scholar from Algeria who settled and was buried in Tunis, and is linked with the transmission of Ibn Arafa's commentary; died 1437 CE. - شخصیت
البصروي علاء الدين علي بن يوسف
تقریباً 1438 عیسوی · تقریباً 841 ھ†Shafi'i jurist of Damascus, a student of Shaykh al-Islam Radi al-Din al-Ghazzi, named after Busra al-Sham; died 1499 CE. - شخصیت
أبو يعقوب البويطي
Al-Shafi'i's chosen disciple who filled his place in lesson and fatwa; carried to Baghdad in al-Wathiq's days of the mihna and refusing the created-Qur'an he died in chains — al-Rabi' saw him on a mule, collared and fettered with a forty-ratl iron, vowing to die in his iron so that later folk would know men had died in this cause; each Friday he washed, dressed and walked to the prison gate to answer God's caller. - شخصیت
الضحاك ذو الأفواه
The tyrant on whose shoulders grew two serpents fed daily on human brains — the spared tribute fleeing to the mountains whence one tale derives the Kurds — until Afridun's host under the leather standard Darafsh-i Kaviyan took and bound him in Mount Damavand. - شخصیت
الضحاك بن خليفة
Ibn Hisham names him among those in Suwaylim's house when Talha burned it; he broke out of the back of the house and his leg was broken, and he spoke verses about it. - شخصیت
الضحاك بن مزاحم
Al-Dahhak ibn Muzahim al-Hilali, Khurasan's exegete; met Sa'id ibn Jubayr at Rayy and wrote down tafsir from him. - شخصیت
الضحاك بن قيس الفهري
- شخصیت
الضحاك بن قيس الشيباني الخارجي
- شخصیت
الضحاك بن سفيان الكلابي
A companion of Banu Kilab appointed sadaqa collector over his people in 9 AH; when a clan of them refused the call to Islam and fought, he led the expedition that routed them in Rabi' al-Awwal of that year. - شخصیت
الداعي بن أبي السعود بن الزريع
Al-Da'i ibn Abi al-Su'ud ibn al-Zuray' ibn al-Abbas ibn al-Mukarram al-Hamdani; the first named of Banu al-Zuray' and the first to gather the kingship after Banu al-Sulayhi — he took Aden from the lord of al-Za'azi' after hard campaigning and Arab subsidies, then died seven months after the conquest in 533, succeeded by his son al-Agharr. - شخصیت
الدارمي
Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Rahman, author of the Musnad, died in al-Mu'tazz's days. - شخصیت
الضيزن بن معاوية التنوخي
King of Tanukh holding Hatra — 'al-Dayzan ibn Jabhala' named for his mother — a Roman-aligned warlord whose daughter al-Nadira betrayed the fortress to Shapur; he was killed and Hadra razed. - شخصیت
الدمستق
The Byzantine Domestic; in 315 he marched on Dabil with siege-towers, mangonels and naphtha-tubes, while raiders cut down a Tarsus squadron and slaughtered four hundred captives. - شخصیت
الفادوسفان
Isbahan's aged marzban; in al-Baladhuri, betrayed by his besieged cityfolk, he fled with thirty archers toward Kirman — Ibn Budayl pursued, dueled him, struck his saddle-bow, and honored him with terms for his townspeople, to whom he said 'I saw you slackening for days — you earned what I did to you.' - شخصیت
الفضل بن عبد الرحمن رائض البغال
Al-Fadl ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Abbas ibn Rabi'a ibn al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib — nicknamed Ra'id al-Bighal, mule-breaker, for his riding; folk followed him after Ibn al-Ash'ath's flight to Sijistan, and he fled al-Hajjaj. To his house reverted the Nahr Nafidh qati'a Uthman had granted al-Abbas ibn Rabi'a with a hundred thousand dirhams. - شخصیت
الفضل بن العباس
Son of al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib; rode behind the Prophet from Arafat to Muzdalifa in the Farewell Pilgrimage, walked beside him in the last illness, and helped turn and wash his body before burial. - شخصیت
الفضل بن دكين
The Kufan Abu Nu'aym — dead in 219. - شخصیت
الفضل بن جعفر بن الفرات
Al-Muqtadir's last vizier, who cast his horoscope on the fatal ride to Bab al-Shamasiyya. - شخصیت
الفضل بن ماهان
al-Fadl ibn Mahan, mawla of Banu Sama; Sindan's conqueror who sent al-Ma'mun an elephant and kept him in the mosque's dua — after him his sons Muhammad and Mahan fought over it till Hind retook it. - شخصیت
أبو سهل الفضل بن نوبخت
Abu Sahl al-Fadl ibn Nawbakht the Persian, in al-Rashid's khizanat al-hikma, rendering into Arabic whatever Persian wisdom-books he found — 'his reliance in learning and books was on the books of the Persians', as al-Qifti says. - شخصیت
الفضل بن يحيى البرمكي
al-Fadl ibn Yahya al-Barmaki — al-Rashid's foster-brother and al-Amin's tutor, governor of the East, confined in the nakba of 187 and dead in prison by 193. - شخصیت
الفائز بنصر الله عيسى بن الظافر
Isa ibn al-Zafir, thirteenth Ubaydid caliph as al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah — a small boy raised in 549 as Egypt's power failed. - شخصیت
شمس الدين الفناري
Shams al-Din al-Fanari the Ottoman polymath, author of the hundred-science riddle he wrote — per his son — to test the scholars of Qaraman who denied his merit; he died in 834. - شخصیت
الفارابي
Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan al-Farabi, d. AH 339 — 'the Second Teacher' after Aristotle, author of Ara' Ahl al-Madina al-Fadila. - شخصیت
الفرغاني
Muhammad ibn Kathir al-Farghani, author of the Thirty Chapters on the science of the spheres. - شخصیت
الفارعة الخارجية
al-Fari'a — the Khariji poetess who mourned her brother al-Walid ibn Tarif as al-Khansa' mourned Sakhr and Mu'awiya. - شخصیت
الفطمش بن الأعور
Al-Fatammash ibn al-A'war ibn Amr al-Dabbi, poet; his verse on Rayy's Furkhan fortress curses 'the keep on whose head the caller to prayer gleams'. - شخصیت
الفتح بن خاقان
Al-Mutawakkil's vizier, slain with him in the night-murder by five Turks on 5 Shawwal 247. - شخصیت
الفرياني
Shams al-Din Muhammad al-Firyani of the Maghreb — a wandering preacher who frequented al-Maqrizi in Cairo, recited histories and prophetic reports from memory, claimed Shafi'i allegiance after Malikism, and held the judgeship of Nablus — then withdrew in 848 to the impregnable Hamida mountains of the Holy Land, whose heights had fields, springs and vines and a folk so secure that none below the sultan could war on them, and there proclaimed himself the Mahdi — some said the Qahtani — and his cause flourished. - شخصیت
الفضيل بن عياض
The Kufan-born ascetic of Mecca who told al-Rashid to his face 'a mighty charge' — and refused the gift-bag lest it be impure. - شخصیت
الغضبان بن القبعثري الشيباني
The Shaybani wit who preached Kufa to kill al-Hajjaj on the road before it counted as insurrection — jailed three years, freed when only his bedouin-raider-drinker's vocabulary could parse Abd al-Malik's letter, and released again after judging the Green Dome 'built not in your land nor for your son'. - شخصیت
المرأة الغامدية
A woman of the Ghamid tribe who came to the Prophet in 9 AH and confessed to fornication; he turned her away repeatedly, deferred the penalty until she bore and weaned her child, and she was stoned — he said of her repentance that, apportioned, it would suffice seventy people of Medina. - شخصیت
الغريض المغني
The famed early singer whom the jinn forbade to sing certain verses — he sang them and they killed him. - شخصیت
الغرور بن المنذر
Of the Lakhmid house of al-Hira; after the Prophet's death those of Abd al-Qays who had converted reverted with him, and al-Jarud rose to call them back to Islam. Al-Suhayli, as the editors report, says his name was al-Mundhir and that he was called al-Gharur, the deceiver, because he deceived his people on the day of the ridda war. - شخصیت
الغيداق بن عبد المطلب
One of the ten sons of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, and an uncle of the Prophet; some say Hajl and al-Ghaydaq are one man. - شخصیت
أبو حامد الغزالي
Hujjat al-Islam al-Ghazali the Shafi'i, author of the Ihya' — of which al-Nawawi said that were all Islam's books lost and the Ihya' alone remained it would suffice; he died at Tus in 505. - شخصیت
يحيى بن الحكم الغزال
Al-Ghazzal (Yahya ibn al-Hakam) — the poet-ambassador: sent past fifty to the Majus king, he told Queen Tud he was 'twenty' and won her bounty by his wit; sent also to the Byzantine king whose queen's beauty he praised in verse. His savage lampoons of Ziryab earned him exile to Iraq; he lived ninety-four years. - شخصیت
الهادي موسى
Musa ibn al-Mahdi, al-Hadi; in al-Baladhuri he dwelt at Madinat al-Salam and died there. - شخصیت
يحيى الهادي الرسي
Yahya ibn al-Husayn ibn al-Qasim al-Rassi, laqab al-Hadi; the first of Banu al-Rassi to summon Sa'da to himself and be sworn there as imam of the Zaydiyya — a mujtahid in the legal rulings with a fiqh of his own, Ibn Hazm recording of him 'he has an opinion in fiqh which I have seen, and it is not far removed from the community's way'; his son Muhammad al-Murtada then his brother al-Nasir Ahmad carried the line after him. - شخصیت
الهادي يحيى بن الحسين بن القاسم
Founder of Yemen's Zaydi imamate — hailed 'amir al-mu'minin', dying Dhu'l-Hijja 298; the Rassid line ran through al-Murtada, al-Nasir, al-Muntajab, al-Mukhtar, al-Hadi Muhammad and al-Rashid till their state ended. - شخصیت
الحافظ لدين الله عبد المجيد بن محمد بن المستنصر
Eleventh Ubaydid caliph, raised when his nephew al-Amir was killed heirless in 524; died 544, succeeded by his son al-Zafir. - شخصیت
الحفظي الحسن بن علي بن محمد
1926 عیسوی · 1345 ھOf the Hafizi family of Rijal Alma in Asir; born 1345 AH (1926 CE) and died 1406 AH (1986 CE). - شخصیت
الحفظي إبراهيم بن علي زين العابدين
1888 عیسوی · 1305 ھOf the Al Bakri al-Ujayli family of Rijal Alma in Asir; born 1305 AH (1888 CE) and died 1372 AH (1952 CE). - شخصیت
الحفظي محمد بن أحمد بن عبد القادر
1762 عیسوی · 1176 ھOf the Hafizi family, whose lineage links to Shaykh Abu al-Abbas ibn Musa, in Rijal Alma in Asir; born 1176 AH (1762 CE) and died 1237 AH (1821 CE). - شخصیت
الحجاج بن أرطاة
Al-Hajjaj ibn Artat, called Abu Artat; he travelled to Rayy with al-Mahdi and died there. - شخصیت
الحجاج بن عتيك الثقفي
Al-Hajjaj ibn Utayk of Thaqif; husband of Umm Jamil bint Yahjan, on whom the watchers saw al-Mughira call; he held the Euphrates charge — the Hajjaj of Abu al-Mukhtar's satire on the Ahwaz officials. - شخصیت
الحجاج بن عزية الأنصاري
The Ansari poet who elegised 'Ammar after Siffin — 'for men's eyes a flowing tear; Abu'l-Yaqzan 'Ammar has stirred my grief'. - شخصیت
الحسن بن محمد الإدريسي الحجّام
al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qasim ibn Idris, nicknamed al-Hajjam ('the cupper'); brave and daring, he rose at Fez in 313 AH, killed its Kutama governor Rayhan and drew the city to his bay'a — then fought Musa ibn Abi al-Afiya at the Fahs Adadh field between Taza and Fez, known then as Wadi al-Matahin; the day went to Ibn Abi al-Afiya, and when al-Hajjam's own governor on the Qarawiyyin bank, Hamid ibn Hamdan al-Hamdani, betrayed him and advised flight, Fez fell and the Idrisid kingship in the Maghreb ended. - شخصیت
الحكم الأول بن هشام
تقریباً 771 عیسوی · تقریباً 154 ھFourth Umayyad emir of Córdoba (AH 180–206): first to raise a standing army of mamlūks in al-Andalus — five thousand, three thousand of them horse — and first to give Andalusi kingship its majesty; likened to Abu Ja'far al-Mansur for stern rule. His reign held the Rabad revolt, Barcelona's loss to the Franks in AH 185, and the seal inscription 'in God al-Hakam trusts'. - شخصیت
الحكم بن أبي العاص الثقفي
al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi, Uthman's brother; sent to Bahrayn and on to Barus in 15h. - شخصیت
الحكم بن عمرو الغفاري
al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghifari, a chaste Companion; fetched to Ziyad by mistake for al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As, he was blessed and given Khurasan — died there 50h, the first to pray beyond the river and the conqueror of the Saghaniyan lands. - شخصیت
الحكم بن عوانة الكلبي
al-Hakam ibn Awana al-Kalbi; Asad ibn Abdallah's deputy over Khurasan on his departure. - شخصیت
الحكم بن كيسان
A client (mawla) of the Banu Makhzum, taken captive on the expedition of Abd Allah ibn Jahsh (Nakhla); he accepted Islam in the Prophet's presence and was killed at Bi'r Ma'una. Al-Haytham ibn Adi reports that he was a cupper by trade. - شخصیت
الحكم بن مسعود
Brother of Abu Ubayd ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi; in al-Baladhuri he took the banner at the Day of the Bridge after his brother's death and was killed. - شخصیت
الحكم بن نهيك الهجيمي
Al-Hakam ibn Nuhayk al-Hujaymi; al-Hajjaj's governor of Kirman after Fars — he built Arrajan's mosque and dar al-imara. - شخصیت
الحكم بن عتيبة الكندي
Kufa's Kindite jurist — died 115, the year 'Ata' ibn Abi Rabah is also said to have died. - شخصیت
الحاكم بأمر الله منصور بن العزيز
Mansur ibn al-Aziz, sixth Ubaydid caliph, titled al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. - شخصیت
الحاكم بأمر الله أحمد القبي
Second Cairo caliph [661–701], of al-Mustarshid's line — he escaped the sack to the Arabs, fought the Tatars at Ana, Haditha, Hit and Anbar, reigned first at Aleppo where Abd al-Halim ibn Taymiyya swore him, then ruled Cairo forty years, first Abbasid buried by Sayyida Nafisa. - شخصیت
الحاكم بأمر الله الثاني أحمد بن المستكفي
Cairo caliph [741–753]; his father's deed — witnessed by forty just men of Qus — was read in al-Mansur Abu Bakr's council of 11 Dhu'l-Hijja 741, Ibrahim deposed and Ahmad hailed as al-Hakim II. Ibn Fadl Allah: 'imam of our age, cloud of our Egypt — he revived the caliphate's rites and reunited his scattered house'. - شخصیت
الحلبي قطب الدين عبد الكريم بن عبد النور
1266 عیسوی · 664 ھHadith memorist of celebrated standing, of Aleppine origin who settled in Egypt; born 664 AH (1266 CE), died 735 AH (1335 CE). - شخصیت
الحليمي أبو عبد الله الحسين بن الحسن
949 عیسوی · 338 ھScholar of the fourth century AH; born 338 AH (949 CE), died 403 AH (1012 CE). - شخصیت
الهمداني
Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-Hamdani, d. AH 334 — the Yemeni polymath author of the ten-volume Iklil on Himyar's genealogies and kings. - شخصیت
أبو الفرج المخزومي
927 عیسوی · 315 ھA poet, prose writer and man of letters born in Nasibin. Little is known of his upbringing. - شخصیت
الحماني أبو زكرياء يحيى بن عبد الحميد
Travelling hadith memorist who came to Baghdad, first to compile a musnad in Kufa; died 228 AH (842 CE). - شخصیت
الحريري
Al-Hariri of Basra, author of the celebrated Maqamat in which he followed Badi' al-Zaman; his 21st (Raziyya) maqama depicts the preacher Ibn Sam'un. - شخصیت
الحارث الأعور
- شخصیت
الحارث بن يزيد العكلي
- شخصیت
الحارث بن عبد المطلب
One of the ten sons of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, and an uncle of the Prophet; chapter 5 of the book gives only his name. - شخصیت
الحارث بن عبد العزى
Of the Banu Sa'd of Hawazin, husband of Halima, the Prophet's wet-nurse, with the kunya Abu Dhu'ayb. Ibn Ishaq reports that he accepted Islam after hearing of his foster-son's teaching on resurrection; the time of his conversion and whether the story belongs to him or to his child are disputed. - شخصیت
الحارث بن عبد كلال
One of the kings of Himyar who wrote to the Prophet announcing their Islam on his return from Tabuk, and to whom the Prophet addressed his letter. - شخصیت
الحارث بن عبد قيس
A Companion of Banu al-Harith ibn Fihr; he emigrated to Abyssinia and arrived in the two ships. - شخصیت
الحارث بن عبد الله بن أبي ربيعة المخزومي القباع
Al-Harith ibn Abdallah ibn Abi Rabi'a al-Makhzumi, called al-Quba'; he gave Abd al-Aziz ibn Abdallah ibn Amir Sijistan in Ibn al-Zubayr's days, and they warred on Rutbil. - شخصیت
الحارث بن أبي ضرار
Chief of the Banu al-Mustaliq of Khuza'a and father of Juwayriya, mother of the believers. He came to Medina with ransom for his captive daughter; Ibn Ishaq reports that he accepted Islam when the Prophet named the two camels he had hidden at al-Aqiq, and two of his sons and some of his people followed. - شخصیت
الحارث بن أبي شمر الغساني
Al-Harith ibn Abi Shamir 'the Lame' (Arethas), Ghassanid king of Syria: routed by Taghlib after Amr ibn Kulthum's defiance, losing his own brother; it was to him that Samaw'al ibn Adiya's letter commended Imru' al-Qays seeking passage to Caesar. - شخصیت
الحارث بن أبي شمر الغساني
The Ghassanid king ruling Syria when the Prophet's mission began and the recipient of his call to Islam — famed too for Hassan ibn Thabit's visit and the 'your nape is finer than his face' riposte to al-Nu'man. - شخصیت
الحارث بن الحارث بن كلدة
Of Thaqif; Ibn Abd al-Barr counts him among those whose hearts were won over (al-mu'allafa qulubuhum) and says his father's conversion is not sound, a point Ibn Hajar answers in the entry on the father, al-Harith ibn Kalada. - شخصیت
الحارث بن الحارث السهمي
Of Banu Sahm; he emigrated to Abyssinia. Ibn Ishaq mentions him without recording his fate. - شخصیت
الحارث بن النعمان بن أُساف
Companion from the Ansar, of Banu Mazin al-Najjar (Khazraj); martyred at Mu'tah. Ibn Ishaq records his full genealogy. - شخصیت
الحارث بن عمرو الكندي
The Kindite whom Qubadh ibn Firuz installed at al-Hira after dismissing al-Mundhir ibn Ma' al-Sama', because he had accepted Qubadh's Mazdakite doctrine; when Khosrow Anushirvan killed Mazdak and restored al-Mundhir he sought al-Harith, who escaped to the land of Kalb and remained there until his death, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. - شخصیت
الحارث بن أوس بن معاذ
An Ansari of the Aws, nephew of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, chief of the Aws. A sound report places him at the Trench carrying his uncle's shield, and he took part in the killing of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf; whether he was martyred at Uhud is disputed. - شخصیت
الحارث بن حاطب
Son of Hatib ibn al-Harith and Fatima bint al-Mujallal; he arrived with his mother and brother in one of the ships. - شخصیت
الحارث بن هشام المخزومي
A prominent nobleman of Banu Makhzum and brother of Abu Jahl; after fierce opposition to Islam at Badr and Uhud, he embraced Islam on the day of the conquest of Mecca, was granted one hundred camels at al-Ji'rana among al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum, and fell as a martyr in the conquest of Syria. - شخصیت
الحارث بن كلدة
the famed physician of the Arabs; ate the poisoned khazira with Abu Bakr — 'a year's poison is in it, we die in one day' — and both died in one day at year's end. - شخصیت
الحارث بن خالد بن صخر
A Companion of Banu Taym ibn Murra; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his wife Rayta and arrived in the two ships. - شخصیت
الحارث بن مالك ابن البرصاء الليثي
A man of Layth whom Ghalib ibn Abdullah's detachment met at Qudayd and seized; he said he was on his way to the Prophet to embrace Islam, so they bound him for the night under a guard and carried him along on the way back. - شخصیت
الحارث بن مسكين
A Maliki appointed qadi of Egypt in 237 after much refusal, replacing Ibn Abi al-Layth — he had the deposed judge beaten twenty lashes a day until the wrongs were restored. - شخصیت
الحارث بن مرة العبدي
al-Harith ibn Murra al-Abdi; Ali-sanctioned volunteer of the Indian frontier — a thousand heads' booty in one day — killed with his men at al-Qiqan in 42h. - شخصیت
الحارث بن ظالم المري
Harith ibn Zalim al-Murri, the byword for treachery in the ayyam; he broke bread with al-Nu'man then went in on Khalid ibn Ja'far and killed him — sparking the day of Rahrahan. - شخصیت
الحسن العسكري
Abu Muhammad al-Hasan b. 'Ali — died at Samarra in 260, aged 29; father of the awaited Mahdi for the Qat'iyya, whose community split into twenty sects after him. - شخصیت
أبو الحسن البصري
Abu al-Hasan al-Basri, al-Hasan ibn Yasar — his father once Qayruz; of Maysan's captives with his brother Sa'id, falling to the Ansari al-Rabi' bint al-Nadr or Jamila Anas's wife who freed them — 'our wala' is hers'. Born at Medina two years before Umar's end, left it a year after Siffin, died at Basra in 110 aged eighty-nine. - شخصیت
الحسن بن الحسين الطاهري
Al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn, Abdallah ibn Tahir's uncle; sent at Khurasan's head against Mazyar, his the ambush-ruse that took him on the false aman. - شخصیت
الحسن بن القاسم العلوي
An Alid missionary (da'i) descended from al-Hasan ibn Ali, killed in Tabaristan by Asfar. - شخصیت
الحسن بن علي آخر ملوك آل باديس
Last Zirid sultan of Mahdiyya, enthroned a boy of twelve under his freedmen Sandal and Muwaffaq; after the Norman capture he fled to the Arabs then to the Almohads, and Abd al-Mu'min restored him in Mahdiyya 555 until he died en route to Marrakesh. - شخصیت
الحسن بن هارون
Ibn Muqla's fellow-conspirator; both in hiding from al-Qahir, they suborned the Sajiyya and Hujariyya captains with tales of his oath-breaking until they deposed him. - شخصیت
الحسن بن كنون الإدريسي
al-Hasan ibn Kannun al-Idrisi, the last Idrisid king of the Maghreb; succeeding his martyred brother Abu al-Aysh in 343 he renewed the kingship and ground down his Zanata foes, held Qal'at al-Nasr against the Fatimid Jawhar, proclaimed the Shi'a and broke Marwanid obedience — until he routed al-Hakam's army under Ibn Tumlus in 362, whereupon the mawla Ghalib 'al-Shahama' was sent with treasure and troops, bought the Berber chiefs and starved him out to Qayrawan then Cordoba; called back by the Maghreb to claim the kingship he was seized, carried back to Andalus and killed on the way, ending Idrisid rule. - شخصیت
الحسن بن محمد الزعفراني
- شخصیت
الحسن بن قحطبة الطائي
al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba al-Ta'i of Kufa, commander of the Khurasani army and da'i of the Abbasid da'wa; in al-Baladhuri: he raided Byzantine lands in year 162 with the men of Khurasan, Mosul and Syria, Yemenite reinforcements and the volunteers of Iraq and the Hijaz, fighting so well and harrying the Byzantine land until they named him the Shaytan, with him Mandal al-Anazi al-Haddathi al-Kufi and Mu'tajir ibn Sulayman al-Basri; coming out he camped at Tarsus's meadow, circled its ruined city and reckoned its capacity at a hundred thousand, describing it to al-Mahdi and so rousing him to build it — the origin of its settlement. - شخصیت
الحسن بن سهل
وزير المأمون، استعمله في سنة ثمان وتسعين على ما افتتح طاهر بن الحسين من كور الجبال والعراق والحجاز واليمن، وفي سنة عشر زوج المأمون ابنته بوران وأنفق على عرسها جهازاً ونثوراً أسطورية من الجوهر والرقاع بالضياع. - شخصیت
الحسن بن زيد الداعي إلى الحق
Founder of Tabaristan's Alid state, rising at Rayy and Daylam in 250 as 'al-Da'i ila al-Haqq'; his brother al-Qa'im was killed in 288 and his grandson al-Mahdi followed. - شخصیت
الحصكفي محمد بن علي
1616 عیسوی · 1025 ھA Hanafi mufti of Damascus of Hisn origin, author of al-Durr al-Mukhtar on Hanafi law. - شخصیت
الحوفي أبو القاسم أحمد بن محمد
One of the leading specialists in inheritance law and contract formulas in al-Andalus; died 588 AH (1192 CE). - شخصیت
الهيثم بن عدي الطائي
Mas'udi's oft-cited akhbari — with al-Sharqi and Abu Mikhnaf he put Siffin's dead at seventy thousand (45,000 Syrians, 25,000 Iraqis incl. 25 Badris), and preserved the kunya variant for Muhammad ibn Talha. - شخصیت
الهيثم بن عبيد الكلابي
Governor of al-Andalus under Ubayda of Ifriqiya; he entered in Muharram 111, conquered the land of Manusca beyond the Pyrenees, and died in 113 after two years. - شخصیت
الحفناوي أبو المكارم نجم الدين محمد بن سالم
1690 عیسوی · 1101 ھShafi'i jurist of the Khalwati Sufi order, named after Hifna in the Sharqiyya province of Egypt; born 1101 AH (1690 CE) and died 1181 AH (1767 CE). - شخصیت
الهربذ
The Hirbadh, master of Darabjird — banner-town of Fars's folk and their religion; he truced Uthman on payment and equal terms with the surrendered towns, and is said to have truced Fasa as well. - شخصیت
الحصني تقي الدين أبو بكر بن محمد
1351 عیسوی · 752 ھShafi'i jurist of Damascus, known as al-Husni and called Taqi al-Din; born 752 AH (1351 CE), died 829 AH (1426 CE). - شخصیت
الحضين بن المنذر
al-Hudayn ibn al-Mundhir; Khurasan's people begged him to lead them against Qutayba — he refused and pointed them to Waki' ibn Hassan, 'none else can bear it'. - شخصیت
الهذيل بن قيس العنبري
in al-Baladhuri via al-Kalbi and Abu al-Yaqzan, Marwan's governor over Isbahan — whence the Anbari line settled there. - شخصیت
الحلواني النهرواني سليمان بن عبد الله
Came to Baghdad as a boy, studied grammar with al-Thamanini and philology with Ibn al-Dahhan, and heard hadith; died 493 AH (1100 CE). - شخصیت
الحميدي عبد الله بن الزبير
A hadith scholar from Mecca of the Asad clan, among the great transmitters of hadith in Mecca and a teacher of al-Bukhari. - شخصیت
الحميدي محمد بن فتوح
1029 عیسوی · 420 ھHistorian, man of letters, jurist and hadith scholar who followed the Zahiri school, devoted to learning and asceticism; born 420 AH (1029 CE), died 488 AH (1095 CE). - شخصیت
الهنيد بن عوص الضليعي
Of the Dula' of Judham; he and his son Us robbed Dihya ibn Khalifa al-Kalbi in the valley of Shinar on his return from Caesar, the Dubayb recovered the goods, and both were killed by the army of Zayd ibn Haritha that the Prophet sent on that account. - شخصیت
الحر بن عبد الرحمن الثقفي
- شخصیت
الحصين بن أبي الحر العنبري
Al-Husayn ibn Abi al-Hurr al-Anbari; granted leave for a Basra bathhouse in the permission-wave. - شخصیت
الحسين بن الضحاك الخليع
تقریباً 773 عیسوی · تقریباً 156 ھ†A poet born and raised in Basra, of Khurasani origin, known as al-Khali' al-Ashqar. - شخصیت
الحسين بن القاسم بن عبيد الله
Son of the dread vizier, himself a late vizier of al-Muqtadir — killed at al-Raqqa. - شخصیت
الحسين بن القاسم بن عبيد الله البربهاري
The leading Hanbali of Baghdad at the century's end, with great hold over the common folk; during Ibn al-Mu'tazz's one-day caliphate the herald invoked his name to win the crowd. - شخصیت
الحسين بن القاسم بن عبد الله بن سليمان بن وهب
A vizier of al-Muqtadir said to have followed al-Shalmaghani; a note in his hand addressing the man in inhuman terms was found in his house. - شخصیت
الحسين بن حمدان
Hamdan b. Hamdun's son, who took al-Mu'tadid's aman and later hunted down the Kharijite Harun al-Shari. - شخصیت
الحصين بن نمير
Musrif's successor — besieged Ibn al-Zubayr in the sanctuary, planted mangonels on the heights, and the Ka'ba's structure burned and collapsed on 3 Rabi' I 64. - شخصیت
أبو القاسم الحسين بن روح النوبختي
The man the Imamis call the Bab; attached to the vizierate of Hamid ibn al-Abbas — after him al-Shalmaghani produced his doctrine of divine indwelling. - شخصیت
الحصري أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن علي
Of Qayrawan, named after the reed-mat trade or the village of al-Husr near Qayrawan; died 413 AH (1022 CE). - شخصیت
الحتات بن يزيد المجاشعي
A notable of Banu Tamim in the 9 AH delegation; Ibn Ishaq calls him al-Habhab ibn Yazid and Ibn Hisham corrects the name to al-Hutat, the man the Prophet paired in brotherhood with Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan. He died with Mu'awiya during his caliphate, and Mu'awiya took his estate by that brotherhood, for which al-Farazdaq reproached him in two verses. - شخصیت
الحطيئة جرول
A poet of the Abs tribe, known for satire and panegyric, who lived into the Islamic period. - شخصیت
الحويرث بن نقيد
A Qurashi in Mecca who persistently harassed the Prophet; when al-Abbas was escorting the Prophet's daughters Fatima and Umm Kulthum to Medina, al-Huwayrith prodded their camel so they fell; he was ordered killed on the Conquest and slain by Ali ibn Abi Talib. - شخصیت
الإدريسي محمد بن عبد الله
1100 عیسوی · 493 ھA geographer and traveller from Ceuta who worked at the court of Roger II in Sicily. He wrote Nuzhat al-Mushtaq, a geographical work with a world map. - شخصیت
الإفليلي إبراهيم بن محمد
963 عیسوی · 352 ھA vizier and an authority on language and literature in al-Andalus, from Cordoba. His nisba refers to a village in Syria where his ancestors are said to have lived. - شخصیت
الإيجي عضد الدين
Adud al-Din Abu al-Fadl al-Iji, a scholar of kalam and legal theory and author of works in both fields; the sources report that he was imprisoned at the Dizmar fortress until he died there. - شخصیت
زين الدين العراقي
The hafiz Zayn al-Din al-Iraqi, who in 751 compiled two siftings of the Ihya's hadiths; he died in 806. - شخصیت
الإربلي أحمد بن الحسين
1193 عیسوی · 589 ھA scholar from Irbil, one of the learned men of the seventh century AH. - شخصیت
الإسبيجابي أبو نصر
Hanafi jurist of Transoxiana, remembered for piety and good character in the pursuit of learning. - شخصیت
الإسفراييني أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن محمد
تقریباً 949 عیسوی · 337 ھA Shafi'i theologian and jurist from Isfara'in, between Nishapur and Gurgan. He studied theology and legal theory in Baghdad. - شخصیت
الإسفراييني عماد الدين
Shafi'i scholar from Isfara'in who died in 471 AH. - شخصیت
الإسماعيلي أبو بكر أحمد بن إبراهيم
890 عیسوی · 277 ھA memorizer and hadith scholar of Jurjan, raised by his father and educated by the scholars of Jurjan. - شخصیت
الإسنوي عبد الرحيم بن الحسن
1305 عیسوی · 704 ھA Shafi'i jurist from Isna in Upper Egypt. He memorized the Qur'an and al-Tanbih by al-Shirazi in its mosque. - شخصیت
الإصطخري أبو سعيد الحسن بن أحمد
858 عیسوی · 244 ھOne of the Shafi'i authorities of Baghdad and judge of Qumm; named after Istakhr in Fars. - شخصیت
الإصطخري إبراهيم بن محمد
A Persian geographer and traveller who visited many lands. He met the geographer Ibn Hawqal in Baghdad. - شخصیت
الجبالي إبراهيم حسن بن يوسف
1878 عیسوی · 1295 ھScholar and writer of al-Azhar, born in al-Rahmaniyya in the Beheira province of Egypt in 1295 AH (1878 CE); died 1370 AH (1951 CE). - شخصیت
الجعبري أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن عمر
1242 عیسوی · 640 ھReader of the Qur'an known in Baghdad as Taqi al-Din and elsewhere as Burhan al-Din; died 732 AH (1332 CE). - شخصیت
الجد بن قيس
Of Banu Salima; the Prophet asked him about fighting the Banu al-Asfar and he asked leave to stay behind for fear of temptation. Ibn Ishaq says a verse of Sura al-Tawba was revealed about him. - شخصیت
الجغميني محمود بن محمد
1154 عیسوی · 549 ھAmong the scientific pioneers of Anatolia within Islamic civilisation, named after the village of Jaghmin; died 618 AH (1220 CE). - شخصیت
الجاحظ
تقریباً 767 عیسوی · 150 ھThe man of letters — his 'Imamat wuld al-'Abbas argues the Rawandiyya case through the Fadak affair, composed in sport and display rather than conviction, beside his 'Uthmaniyya. - شخصیت
الجهشياري أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبدوس
Man of letters of Kufan origin, who played a political role in the early fourth century AH through his ties with the viziers of his time; died 331 AH (942 CE). - شخصیت
الجليس النحوي الحسين بن موسى
Grammarian and philologist of Dinawar known as al-Jalis; died 490 AH (1097 CE). - شخصیت
جمال الدين الأفندي محمد بن حميد الدين
A Sufi shaykh from a scholarly family, a follower of the Halveti order, known as al-Afandi. - شخصیت
الجنداري أحمد بن عبد الله
1862 عیسوی · 1279 ھA Yemeni scholar, known as al-Janadari after the town of al-Janad. - شخصیت
الجرمي صالح بن إسحاق
A Basran philologist and grammarian, a client of the Jurm clan, and one of the leading grammarians of Basra. - شخصیت
الجرّاح بن عبد الله الحكمي
al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah al-Hakami of Mudhhij; in al-Baladhuri: governing Armenia he settled at Bardha'a, where its conflicting measures and weights were laid before him and he set them on justice and fulness, making a measure called al-Jarrahi its people deal by to this day; he executed Habib ibn Maslama's aman and treaty for Tiflis's people with a writ fixing a hundred dirhams yearly on their mills and vineyards; then he crossed the Kurr, passed the river al-Samur, reached the Khazars and killed them in a great slaughter, and fought the people of Bilad Hamzin compounding to transfer them to a rustaq. - شخصیت
الجارود العبدي
A chief of Abd al-Qays who had been a Christian; he came in his people's delegation and asked the Prophet to guarantee his religion if he left it for Islam. The Prophet answered that he guaranteed God had guided him to something better, and he and his companions embraced Islam; he asked for mounts, there were none, and the Prophet forbade him to ride stray camels. He remained firm in Islam until he died, having lived into the ridda, when he called his people back from apostasy with al-Gharur. Al-Baladhuri adds that in 22 AH Umar ordered him sent against the fortresses of Fars. - شخصیت
أبو بكر الجصاص الرازي
Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali al-Razi, known as al-Jassas — the Hanafi jurist, author of Ahkam al-Quran, d. AH 370. - شخصیت
الجواليقي أبو منصور موهوب بن أحمد
1073 عیسوی · 465 ھBaghdadi philologist and man of letters, born and raised in Baghdad, named after the Persian word jawaliq meaning justice; died 540 AH (1145 CE). - شخصیت
الجوهري أبو نصر إسماعيل بن حماد
Philologist from Farab in Turkestan, whose nisba al-Jawhari has no known explanation; died about 398 AH (1008 CE). - شخصیت
الجونية
A woman of Kinda contracted to the Prophet but the marriage was not consummated; the sira literature disagrees on her name and the details, and al-Raheeq records only her well-known byname. - شخصیت
الجوزجاني إبراهيم بن يعقوب
781 عیسوی · 165 ھA hadith scholar from Jawzjan, named after Bushanj. The biographical dictionaries give him a full entry. - شخصیت
الجوزجاني موسى بن سليمان
From Jawzjan, a great city in Khurasan, and one of the transmitters of hadith. - شخصیت
جيش بن خمارويه
Khumarawayh's son and successor in Egypt, acclaimed the morning after his father's murder reached Fustat. - شخصیت
الجياني الحسين بن محمد
1035 عیسوی · 427 ھImam, hadith memorist and traditionist of al-Andalus, named after Jaen where his father lived for a time, of Madinat al-Zahra origin; died 498 AH (1105 CE). - شخصیت
الجلندى بن مسعود
al-Julanda ibn Mas'ud — the Ibadi imam of Oman whose rising against al-Saffah was drowned in fire and sword by Khazim ibn Khuzayma, 134 AH. - شخصیت
الجلولي أبو علي حسن بن علي
Jurist named after Jullula, a place near Qayrawan; died before 450 AH (about 1057 CE). - شخصیت
الجنيد بن عبد الرحمن المري
al-Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri; Hisham's governor from 112h — his scouts took the Khaqan's son drunk hunting, and Hisham armed him with twenty thousand men, thirty thousand spears and shields; the Hashimi da'is flourished in his rule. He died at Marw. - شخصیت
الجندي أبو الضياء خليل بن إسحاق
Maliki jurist known as al-Jundi; died 767 AH (1365 CE). - شخصیت
الجندي علي السيد
1898 عیسوی · 1316 ھMan of letters, poet and professor of Arabic literature, dean of Dar al-Ulum and member of the Arabic Language Academy; born 1316 AH (1898 CE), died 1393 AH (1973 CE). - شخصیت
الجريري المعافى بن زكريا
917 عیسوی · 305 ھA scholar from Nahrawan, known as al-Jurayri and Ibn Tarar, who wrote on language and hadith. - شخصیت
الجرجاني علي بن عبد العزيز
Born and raised in Jurjan, where he studied the learning of his time. He wrote on literary criticism, including al-Wasata between al-Mutanabbi and his opponents. - شخصیت
الكاهنة ملكة البربر
Al-Kahina, queen of the Berbers; Hassan ibn al-Nu'man al-Ghassani, Ifriqiya's governor, raided her and she routed him — he falling back to the Barqa-bound castles named Qusur Hassan — then raiding again he killed her and took a captivity of Berbers. - شخصیت
الكمال محمد بن أبي بكر والد السيوطي
The author's father, imam to caliph al-Mustakfi II — held in highest honour, writer of his deed of appointment — who outlived his caliph by only forty days. - شخصیت
الكوكي
A Daylami known as al-Kawki around whom the Daylamis rallied when the Talibis rose in Daylam and the Tabaristan side in 253 AH; al-Mu'tazz sent Musa ibn Bugha against them. - شخصیت
الخبري أبو حكيم عبد الله بن إبراهيم
Imam Abu Hakim Abd Allah ibn Ibrahim al-Khabri, a Shafi'i scholar named after Khubr; died 476 AH (1083 CE). - شخصیت
الخفاجي أخو المستنصر
Al-Mustansir's fierce brother who vowed 'let me rule and I will cross the Jayhun and root out the Tatars' — the duwaydar and sharabi feared him and raised the soft Ahmad instead. - شخصیت
الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي
تقریباً 718 عیسوی · 100 ھOne of the greatest scholars of Arabic, of the Azd of Oman, raised in Basra. He is likely the originator of many of the scientific concepts and methods of Arabic grammar and linguistic analysis. - شخصیت
الخليلي أبو عمران موسى بن محمد
Astronomer who grew up in Damascus and wrote a treatise on astronomy; died 1402 CE. - شخصیت
الخليلي أبو يعلى الخليل بن عبد الله
تقریباً 980 عیسوی · 370 ھHadith scholar, born about 370 AH (980 CE, estimated) and died 446 AH (1055 CE). - شخصیت
الخلوتي محمد بن أحمد
An Egyptian Hanbali jurist, named after Buhut, known as al-Khalwati. - شخصیت
الخنساء (تماضر بنت عمرو)
The elegiac poet of Banu Sulaym (Qays 'Aylan), famous for her laments for her brothers Sakhr and Mu'awiya killed before Islam; she embraced Islam with her sons and gave them to the cause — the four were martyred at al-Qadisiyya, and she was heard saying that God's honouring her with their martyrdom comforted her. - شخصیت
خنساء بنت خذام
An Ansari woman of Banu Amr ibn Awf whose hadith is established in the Muwatta': her father married her off against her wishes, she went to the Prophet and he annulled the marriage; she later married Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir and bore him al-Sa'ib. - شخصیت
الخرقي
Author of the famous Mukhtasar al-Kharaqi on the jurisprudence of Imam Ahmad; he died in Damascus in 334 AH. - شخصیت
الخرقي عمر بن الحسين
A Hanbali jurist, author of the widely used Mukhtasar on Hanbali law. - شخصیت
الخشاب أبو الحسن إسماعيل بن سعد
Shafi'i scholar of Egypt, a friend of the historian Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti; died 1230 AH (1815 CE). - شخصیت
الخصيبي
Al-Qahir's vizier; the regiments answered his protest that the caliph was digging oubliettes for their captains — the chroniclers also blame the deposed caliph's stinginess toward them. - شخصیت
الخطيب البغدادي أحمد بن علي
1002 عیسوی · 392 ھA hadith scholar, historian and memorizer from a village near the Nahr al-Malik, author of the History of Baghdad. - شخصیت
الخوافي أبو القاسم مهدي بن أحمد
Named after Khawaf, a district of Nishapur that produced several scholars; died 450 AH (1058 CE). - شخصیت
الخيالي أحمد بن موسى شمس الدين
1425 عیسوی · 829 ھTheologian of the creed, a Rumi Hanafi and pupil of Khidr Bik; taught at the Sultan's madrasa in Bursa and then at Iznik; died there in 862 AH (1458 CE). - شخصیت
الخيزران أم الخلفاء
Mother of the caliphs; in al-Baladhuri she ordered the canal known as Mahdud dug — naming it al-Rayyan — her agent dividing it into bounded sections each assigned to a digging crew, whence the name Mahdud. - شخصیت
الخزرجي موفق الدين علي بن الحسن
Shafi'i jurist of Zabid, known as Ibn al-Naqqash; died 812 AH (1410 CE). - شخصیت
الخضر
The servant given knowledge from God whom Musa accompanied at the junction of the seas — the full account in Bukhari. - شخصیت
الخرّيت بن راشد الناجي
The Khariji of Banu Najiya who broke with Ali after Nahrawan — 'your man's imamate and conduct alike displease me' — fought Ziyad ibn Khasafa's night-battle, rallied the Najiya and Ahwaz tax-resisters, and met Ma'qil ibn Qays's expedition. - شخصیت
الخجندي أبو محمود حامد بن الخضر
Mathematician and astronomer of the fourth century AH, a resident of Rayy near Tehran; died 391 AH (1000 CE). - شخصیت
أحمد بن عبد الله الخجستاني
Seized Khurasan, Kirman and Sijistan in 267, resolved on Iraq and struck coin in his name with al-Mu'tamid's on the reverse — his own ghilman killed him by year's end. - شخصیت
الخونجي أفضل الدين محمد
1194 عیسوی · 590 ھScholar of medicine, philosophy and logic of Persian origin; born 590 AH (1194 CE) and died 646 AH (1248 CE). - شخصیت
الخراشي إخباري سامرائي
An Iraqi from Samarra, a historian of reports, who collected anecdotes and rarities and was original in his writings. - شخصیت
الخويي أبو العباس شمس الدين أحمد
1187 عیسوی · 583 ھLived about fifty-five years, died in Hebron and was buried there in 637 AH (1240 CE). - شخصیت
الخوارزمي أبو بكر محمد بن العباس
935 عیسوی · 323 ھBorn in Khwarazm in 323 AH (935 CE); travelled widely in pursuit of learning and wealth; died 382 AH (993 CE). - شخصیت
الخوارزمي
780 عیسوی · 164 ھMuhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, numbered by al-Mas'udi among Islam's astronomers. - شخصیت
الكندي
Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi — 'philosopher of the Arabs' — named by al-Mas'udi among the post-Islamic masters of astronomy alongside al-Munajjim's son, Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib, Abu Ma'shar, al-Khwarizmi, al-Farghani, Thabit, al-Tabrizi and al-Battani. - شخصیت
الكندي صاحب قضاة مصر
Abu Umar Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Kindi — the first compiler of the judges of Egypt, to AH 246, continued by Ibn Zulaq and crowned by Ibn Hajar's Raf' al-Isr. - شخصیت
الكسائي النحوي
Ali ibn Hamza al-Kisa'i, master of Kufa's reading and grammar and tutor of al-Hadi, al-Amin and al-Rashid; buried at Rayy. - شخصیت
إلكيا الهراسي علي بن محمد
1058 عیسوی · 450 ھOne of the leading Shafi'i authorities in jurisprudence, legal theory and disputation, and in memorizing the texts of hadiths on rulings. From Tabaristan. - شخصیت
محمد بن يعقوب الكليني
al-Kulayni — 'the Bukhari of the Shi'a', titled Thiqat al-Islam; his al-Kafi gathered sixteen thousand hadiths over twenty years. - شخصیت
الكميت بن زيد الأسدي
The Hashimite poet whose Nizar-Yaman boasting verse fanned the tribal asabiyya that Mas'udi counts among the causes of the Umayyads' fall. - شخصیت
عميد الملك الكندري
The Seljuks' first vizier — whose zeal against the Shafi'is won a licence to curse Rafida and Ash'aris alike from Khurasan's minbars, exiling Imam al-Haramayn and al-Qushayri; sent to ask Khwarazmshah's daughter for his master, rumour twisted it to a suit for himself, and he shaved his beard to survive — then was deposed, imprisoned at Marw al-Rudh, and took out his shroud to bid his family farewell. - شخصیت
محمد المهدي
Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Mansur, al-Mahdi, third Abbasid caliph; in al-Baladhuri: he sent his son Harun raiding Byzantine lands in year 163, besieging Damalu — its people by some reports settled at Baghdad on his ruling, spared and named for their town — and he completed what remained of the march-cities' and fortresses' works after his father al-Mansur, adding to their garrisons, ordered al-Hadath built and bequeathed the building of Tarsus on al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba's description; in his caliphate a body of Qinnasrin's hadir converted and he had the khadra written at their hands. - شخصیت
المجوسي
An Andalusi who entered Sultan Abu Zakariya's service at Tunis, showed him the state's revenues were unaccounted in any diwan, and was put in charge — enlarging the tax yield and fixing the register until appointed to the Ashghal office that only a senior Almohad shaykh had held; he took the insignia of the sword-lords and kept his own cavalry until, having boasted of a thousand soldiers at his door, the Sultan arrested him in 689 AH and handed his torture to his enemies. - شخصیت
الملك العادل سيف الدين أبو بكر بن أيوب
Salah al-Din's brother; when al-Aziz died in 595 leaving the boy al-Mansur, al-Adil seized Egypt then placed his son al-Kamil over it. - شخصیت
الملك الأفضل نور الدين علي بن صلاح الدين
Salah al-Din's son; Damascus settled for him in 589. - شخصیت
الملك الأشرف صاحب دمشق
The Ayyubid lord of Damascus who ordered the Ashrafiyya dar al-hadith in 628, finished in 630. - شخصیت
الملك العزيز عماد الدين عثمان بن صلاح الدين
Salah al-Din's son; Egypt settled for him on his father's death in 589. - شخصیت
الملك الكامل محمد بن العادل بن أيوب
Ayyubid sultan, set over Egypt by his father al-Adil in 595; when the Franks took Damietta in 616 he founded al-Mansura at the seas' fork and camped there. - شخصیت
الملك المعظم عيسى بن العادل صاحب دمشق
- شخصیت
الملك الرحيم أبو نصر خسرو فيروز
Al-Malik al-Rahim ibn Abi Kalijar ibn Sultan al-Dawla ibn Baha' al-Dawla ibn Adud al-Dawla, last Buyid king of Iraq; on his father's death he marched on Basra and prevailed, fought his brothers over kingship, seized Basra and al-Ahwaz, and stayed at war with al-Basasiri and Dubays ibn Mazyad until Tughril Beg's entry into Baghdad in 447 AH extinguished the Buyid state. - شخصیت
الملك الصالح نجم الدين أيوب بن الكامل
Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, builder of the madrasa between the palaces and the Rawda citadel; he died mid-Sha'ban 647 as the Franks took Damietta, Shajar al-Durr hiding his death. - شخصیت
الملك الصالح إسماعيل بن نور الدين
Nur al-Din's boy-heir at Damascus in 569; the Franks stirred on the coasts and were bought off with money. - شخصیت
الملك الظاهر غياث الدين غازي بن صلاح الدين
Salah al-Din's son; Aleppo settled for him in 589. - شخصیت
المأمون بن المنصور الموحدي
The Almohad caliph (624-630 AH) who revolted against his own dynasty's doctrine: acclaimed at Seville, he entered Marrakesh in 626 AH with a Christian army, reproached the Almohad shaykhs and killed a hundred of their notables, ordered Ibn Tumart's name erased from coinage and khutba and cursed in the Berber adhan, licensed a church in Marrakesh, lost Ifriqiya to Abu Zakariya al-Hafsi in 627 AH, and died at Wadi Umm al-Rabi' in 630 AH. - شخصیت
المأمون القادر بن ذي النون
Yahya al-Qadir ibn Dhi-l-Nun, last king of Toledo; famed for the palace whose dome sat in a veil of falling water — until a reciter's verse on the builders-for-eternity foretold his end — then expelled by Alfonso in 478 after a long siege, leaving in the ugliest guise, astrolabe in hand to time his departure, at which 'the Muslims marvelled and the unbelievers laughed'. - شخصیت
أبو جعفر المنصور
Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn al-Abbas, second Abbasid caliph; in al-Baladhuri: the thousand dinars Abd al-Malik had added to the Cypriots' tribute ran until his caliphate, when he said 'we are worthier of being just to them, and did not profit by wronging them', restoring them to Mu'awiya's ancient treaty; he it was who granted his brother Sulayman ibn Ali Balis and its villages after the confiscation of Umayyad wealth. - شخصیت
الملك المنصور أبو بكر بن الناصر
Al-Nasir's son; in his council of 11 Dhu'l-Hijja 741 he asked 'who deserves the caliphate by law?' — Ibn Jama'a read the Qus deed and al-Hakim II was hailed. - شخصیت
المنصور بن أبي عامر
Muhammad b. Abi Amir, moved by al-Hakam II from the qadi post to the vizierate, hijacked the boy caliph Hisham, built his city al-Zahira, campaigned fifty-two times without a single banner broken, and had himself designated heir — dying in 384 returning from a raid. - شخصیت
المنصور بلكيز بن بلكين الزيري
al-Mansur Buluggin ibn Buluggin (Bulukkin) al-Sanhaji, second Zirid king of Ifriqiya; succeeding his father in the Fatimid governorship, he waged the desperate war on Abu Yazid Mukhallad ibn Kaydad the Kharijite 'Man of the Donkey', who rose on the dynasty and besieged it in its own seat until he nearly uprooted it — al-Mansur prevailed, killed him and quenched his fitna, and it was he who invested his brother Hammad with Ashir and Msila, the seed of the Hammadid state. - شخصیت
المنصور بالله إسماعيل بن القائم
Isma'il ibn al-Qa'im, third Ubaydid ruler; he founded al-Mansuriyya and died there, the best-conducted of the line after his grandfather al-Mahdi, abolishing the exactions — and his son Ma'add succeeded as al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah. - شخصیت
التقي المقريزي
The historian Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi, who died under al-Mustakfi II. - شخصیت
أبو الحسن الماسرجسي محمد بن علي بن سهل
- شخصیت
الملك المسعود أتسز بن الكامل
Son of al-Kamil and Ayyubid sultan of Yemen — his army sacked Mecca in 620 and he ordered the murdered sharif Qatada's grave exhumed, exposing the empty coffin. - شخصیت
أبو الحسن علي بن الحسين المسعودي
The historian and traveller Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Mas'udi of Baghdad, d. c. 336 — author of Muruj al-Dhahab wa-Ma'adin al-Jawhar and al-Tanbih wa'l-Ishraf, whose journeys from Fars and India to the Maghreb and Egypt fed a corpus Islamic historians count among the finest works of historical letters. - شخصیت
الماوردي
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Mawardi al-Shafi'i, d. AH 450 — author of A'lam al-Tubwa, a twenty-one-chapter epitome on the proofs of prophethood. - شخصیت
الماوردي اللاعب
Al-Muktafi's favorite chess-master until al-Suli crushed him — 'your rose-water has turned to urine'. - شخصیت
المقداد بن عمرو
A Bahrani confederate adopted into Quraysh and one of the first Muslims; at Badr he was one of the army's two horsemen, commanded the left wing, and made the council's famous pledge to fight to Bark al-Ghimad. - شخصیت
المقدام بن معدي كرب
A Companion who lived in Syria, called Abu Karima (or Abu Yahya); he settled at Homs and narrated from the Prophet, Khalid ibn al-Walid, Mu'adh and Abu Ayyub; when told that people claimed he never saw the Prophet he swore he had, and that the Prophet had taken him by the lobe of his ear; Ibn Sa'd lists him among the Syrians and says he died in 87 AH aged ninety-one. - شخصیت
المسور بن مخرمة
A young Companion of Banu Zuhra, born two years after the Hijra, who came to Medina as a boy after the conquest; a nephew of Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, he preserved the hadith about Ali's proposal to the daughter of Abu Jahl, and he was with Ibn al-Zubayr, dying from a catapult stone in the first siege in 64 AH. - شخصیت
المعدل بن علي بن الليث الصفار
The last Saffarid amir of Sistan; besieged by the Samanid army in 298, he took safe-conduct and was carried captive to Bukhara, then paraded into Baghdad on an elephant. - شخصیت
المؤيد بن المتوكل
Al-Mu'tazz's brother, third in Mutawakkil's succession oaths; in Rajab al-Mu'tazz deposed, beat and shackled him and he died days later — the caliph, fearing the talk, brought judges to view the unmarked body. - شخصیت
السلطان المؤيد شيخ
Circassian sultan who routed and killed Faraj, ruled as 'Nizam al-Mulk' from the stables till he seized the throne as al-Mu'ayyad in 815, deposing the caliph — a deposition Syria's jurists voided. His Mu'ayyadiyya madrasa opened in 822 with his own son laying the shaykh's rug. - شخصیت
المبارك التركي
Al-Mubarak al-Turki, mawla of Musa al-Hadi; built at Qazwin the fortress called Madinat al-Mubarak, peopled by his own clients. - شخصیت
المبرد
The Basran grammarian whose verdict on Abu Tammam vs al-Buhturi — 'a diver who sets the pearl and the shell-shard in one string' — became the standard comparison. - شخصیت
المظفر الحمصي طبيب
A physician and man of letters born in Homs. - شخصیت
المفضل بن المهلب
al-Mufaddal ibn al-Muhallab; al-Hajjaj's governor after his brother Yazid — he retook breached Badghis, Shuman and others, and divided the spoils among the people. - شخصیت
جعفر المفوض إلى الله بن المعتمد
Al-Mu'tamid's son, made heir over Egypt and the Maghreb as 'al-Mufawwid ila'llah', then publicly deposed in 279 when bay'a went to Abu'l-Abbas ibn al-Muwaffaq, titled al-Mu'tadid. - شخصیت
المغيرة بن أبي العاص الثقفي
al-Mughira ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi, Uthman's brother; sent to the Daybul creek he met the enemy and prevailed. - شخصیت
المغيرة بن المهلب
al-Mughira ibn al-Muhallab; his death before his father's was the beginning of the Muhallab's own illness — grief that ended at Zaghul of Marw al-Rudh. - شخصیت
المغيرة بن نوفل بن الحارث
The Prophet's cousin who felled Ibn Muljim with a face-blow as the crowd closed on him, and brought him to al-Hasan. - شخصیت
المغيرة بن شعبة
Thaqafi Companion renowned for wit and statecraft; he broke the gate of al-Lat with the pickaxe during its demolition in 9 AH, first feigning a collapse that struck terror into the watching Thaqafis. - شخصیت
المهذب بن مقبل الطبيب
Mosul's celebrated physician — 'most learned of his age in medicine', a transmitter of hadith, generous and well-mannered, author of a good medical work — died Muharram 610. - شخصیت
المهاجر بن زياد الحارثي
Al-Muhajir ibn Ziyad al-Harithi, al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad's brother; martyred at Manadhir — he would sell his life fasting, drank at Abu Musa's order 'not from thirst', fought and fell, his head set between two merlons — the elegy 'راح المهاجر في حل بإجمال' is his. - شخصیت
المهلهل بن ربيعة
Al-Muhalhil (Adi) ibn Rabi'a of Taghlib, called Abu Layla and Zir Salim — Kulayb's brother and father of Amr ibn Kulthum's mother; after Jasas killed Kulayb he prosecuted the blood-feud against Bakr for forty years, the proverbial model of patient vengeance. - شخصیت
المهلب بن أبي صفرة
Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra al-Azdi; the Basrans' amir and commander of the Azraqite wars — he gave his wife Khayra bint Damra the Mahallaban and Khayrakan estates, mother of Abu Uyayna. - شخصیت
الوزير المهلبي
Mu'izz al-Dawla's vizier; when the curses the Shi'a wrote on the mosque doors were erased he counselled writing instead 'God curse the wrongdoers of the Prophet's house' — Mu'awiya's curse alone remaining explicit. - شخصیت
المحسن بن علي بن الفرات
Son of the vizier Ibn al-Furat; hidden in women's dress by his aunt until a maid betrayed him, tortured without yielding a dinar — I will not join for you my self and my wealth — then slaughtered with his father in 312, aged thirty-three. - شخصیت
المعز بن باديس صاحب المغرب
The Zirid lord of the Maghreb; in 443 he cut the Ubaydid khutba and preached for the Abbasids. - شخصیت
المعز بن زيري بن عطية
al-Mu'izz ibn Ziri ibn Atiyya al-Maghrawi, second king of the Banu Ziri at Fez; all Maghrawa gave him bay'a after his father, he clung to the Amirid da'wa, then petitioned Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar to restore his office against tribute and his son Ma'nsar as hostage at Cordoba — restored in 406, he was fought for Fez by his cousin Ma'nsar, and his heirs kept the city until the Sanhaja commander Hamama Abu al-Attaf seized it and all their realm, the line lingering in the fitnas until the Almoravid state. - شخصیت
المعز لدين الله معد بن المنصور
Ma'add ibn al-Mansur, fourth Ubaydid ruler, titled al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah; his mawla Jawhar took Egypt with a hundred thousand horse, laid out Cairo and built the Two Palaces; al-Mu'izz entered Egypt in Ramadan 362 carrying his fathers' coffins — the builder of Cairo. - شخصیت
أزاد فيروز المكعبر
Azad Firuz ibn Jushish, Khusraw's governor of Bahrayn, called al-Muka'bbir by the Arabs for cutting off hands and feet; ordered to destroy Tamim he lured them into al-Mushaqqar fort at Hajar with a promise of rations, killed their men and shipped their boys to Persia. - شخصیت
المختار بن أبي عبيد
al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd al-Thaqafi; in al-Baladhuri the saying 'the Kufans' love is honor and their hatred ruin' is attributed to him — or to another. - شخصیت
المختار بن كعب الجمحي
al-Mukhtar ibn Ka'b al-Jumhi; his verse on Qutayba — 'he tamed Sughd with raids till he left it squatting in the bare waste'. - شخصیت
المنيذر الإفريقي
The Companion whom Ibn Habib counted as the one Sahabi to enter al-Andalus; he lived in Ifriqiya and Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Hubuli transmitted from him. - شخصیت
المنذر المعرور
The last Lakhmid king of al-Hira: in 632 the kingship returned to the house of Lakhm in al-Mundhir called al-Ma'rur, whose rule lasted no more than eight months before Khalid ibn al-Walid arrived with the Muslim armies, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account after al-Khudari. - شخصیت
المنذر بن محمد
Seventh Umayyad emir of Córdoba (AH 273–275) — a two-year reign after which the verse ran 'by al-Mundhir ibn Muhammad the lands of al-Andalus were set right'. - شخصیت
المنذر بن عمرو
one of the literate Ansar when Islam came. - شخصیت
المنذر بن حرام
Al-Mundhir ibn Haram al-Najjari of Khazraj, grandfather of Hassan ibn Thabit; the Ansar's arbitrator in the Samir war, their first internal war, ruling full blood-money for the slain client and a return to the old custom. - شخصیت
المنذر بن حسان بن ضرار
Al-Mundhir ibn Hassan ibn Dirar of the Malik ibn Zayd Dabis; he shared in Mihran's blood on al-Nukhayla day. - شخصیت
المنذر بن حسان الضبي
al-Mundhir ibn Hassan ibn Sirar al-Dabbi; disputed with Jarir ibn Abdallah over killing Mihran at al-Buwayb — he took Mihran's belt while Jarir took the rest of the spoil. - شخصیت
المنذر بن امرئ القيس
Al-Mundhir ibn Imru' al-Qays, the Lakhmid king of al-Hira — the man of the first day of Awara, who swore to slaughter Bakr ibn Wa'il until their blood reached the hill's foot and burned their women. - شخصیت
المنذر بن ماء السماء
The Lakhmid king deposed by Qubadh for refusing the Mazdakite creed, replaced by al-Harith ibn Amr al-Kindi, then restored by Khosrow Anushirwan who destroyed Mazdak and his followers. - شخصیت
المنذر بن ساوى العبدي
The lord of Bahrayn to whom the Prophet sent al-Ala' ibn al-Hadrami before the conquest of Mecca; he became a good Muslim and died after the Prophet, before the apostasy of Bahrayn, with al-Ala' stationed with him as the Prophet's governor. - شخصیت
المنجاب بن راشد الضبي
Al-Munjab ibn Rashid al-Dabbi; granted leave for a Basra bathhouse, the dying man's verse asks 'how is the road to Minjab's bath?'. - شخصیت
المقدسي البشاري
Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Muqaddasi (al-Bishshari, d. c. 380 AH) — the geographer who compiled Ahsan al-Taqasim after travelling through the climes and pacing them in farsakhs. He spent over ten thousand dirhams on his journeys, fought and kept ribat on the frontier, and left the caravan routes to inspect every town, boasting that he did not compile his book at ease or on hearsay. - شخصیت
المقلد بن المسيب العقيلي حسام الدولة
Al-Muqallad ibn al-Musayyib al-Uqayli, titled Husam al-Dawla; he won over the Daylamites at Mosul and wrote to Baha' al-Dawla contracting the city for two million dirhams yearly, took it, and was seated by the caliph al-Qadir who enfeoffed him Mosul, Kufa, al-Qasr and the two congregational towns; he took Daquqa from its two Christian lords, imprisoned his brother Ali then reconciled, and was father of Qirwash and Badran. - شخصیت
المقنَّع الخراساني
al-Muqanna' — the Veiled One of Khurasan who wore a golden mask and claimed divinity through the metempsychosis of Adam's spirit via Abu Muslim; his Mubayyida followers spread across Bukhara and Soghd until Sa'id al-Harashi's victory and his self-immolation, 159-161 AH. - شخصیت
الموقس
The Muqawqis, lord of Egypt; he compounded with Amr ibn al-As — the Romans free to depart or stay on stated terms, two dinars laid on the Copts — which Rome's king rejected in wrath, sending hosts who shut Alexandria's gate; the Muqawqis came out to Amr asking three things: offer the Romans nothing like what was offered him, for they had deceived him; never break with the Copts, since the breach came not from them; and on his death, burial in a named church of Alexandria — and Amr granted them. - شخصیت
المقوّم بن عبد المطلب
One of the ten sons of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, and an uncle of the Prophet; some say Abd al-Kaaba and al-Muqawwim are one man. - شخصیت
المقتدي بأمر الله عبد الله بن محمد بن القائم
Abbasid caliph [467–487], posthumous son of the Qa'im's son Muhammad, born six months after his father's death and hailed at nineteen before Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi. His reign saw the caliphate's footing splendid again: he expelled the singing-girls and prostitutes, required the izar in the baths and razed their towers. His vizier Abu Shuja' was titled Zahir al-Din — Suyuti thinks the first din-compound title. He died suddenly, his slave-girl Shams al-Nahar suspected of poison. - شخصیت
أحمد المقتدر بن هود
Ahmad al-Muqtadir ibn Hud, lord of Zaragoza; after his brother's neglect lost Barbastro to the Nordmanni in 456, he stormed it back in Jumada I 457 — about a thousand Frankish horse and five thousand foot killed — 'washing it of the filth of shirk' in Ibn Hayyan's words. - شخصیت
المقتفي لأمر الله محمد بن المستظهر
Abbasid caliph [530–555], hailed at forty when his nephew was deposed — his laqab from a dream of the Prophet bidding him 'follow my steps'. Stripped by Mas'ud, his famous answer won his estates back; with the sultans broken his word rose — 'the beginning of the Abbasid state's recovery'. Dhahabi: among the noblest caliphs, nothing ran without his rescript. He deeded Egypt to Nur al-Din, renewed the Ka'ba's door, and died Sunday 2 Rabi' I 555. - شخصیت
المرتضى عمر الموحدي
The Almohad caliph al-Murtada, who fled Marrakesh for Azemmour when Abu Dabus entered in 665, was seized by his own governor and killed at Kutama in the last ten days of Rabi' II. - شخصیت
المسيب بن زهير الضبي
Al-Mansur's commander whose 'we obeyed you against our Prophet's sons — was that not loyalty?' silenced the caliph praising al-Hajjaj. - شخصیت
المستضيء بأمر الله الحسن بن المستنجد
Abbasid caliph [566–575], born 536 to an Armenian umm walad; Ibn al-Jawzi: 'he proclaimed the lifting of tolls and the righting of wrongs, showed a justice and largesse we never saw in our days' — 1,300 silk robes cut in his first khil'a. In his reign the Ubaydid state ended and the khutba ran his name from Yemen to Aswan; he died at Shawwal's end, 575. - شخصیت
المستعين بالله العباس بن المتوكل
Cairo caliph [808–815] and for months sultan too — hailed after Faraj's death, coining in his own name, hymned by Ibn Hajar; deposed by Shaykh al-Mu'ayyad whose deposition Syria's jurists voided, imprisoned then freed to Alexandria where he traded happily till the plague took him in 833. India's king A'zam Shah sought his investiture in 814. - شخصیت
المستجير بالله العباسي
A son of Isa ibn al-Muktafi who appeared in Armenia and Muqan in 349 styling himself al-Mustajir-billah, wearing wool and summoning to 'the accepted one of the Prophet's house'; he won followers, swept several towns of Adharbayjan, then was fought and taken. - شخصیت
المستكفي بالله سليمان بن الحاكم
Third Cairo caliph [701–740], hailed by his father's will; moved with the Abbasids from Kabsh to a citadel house, and rode out with the sultan to the Tatar victory of 702. - شخصیت
المستكفي بالله الثاني سليمان بن المتوكل
Cairo caliph [845–854] — the author's own father wrote his deed of appointment and served as his imam: 'we grew up in none but his house and bounty; I doubt the earth bore a caliph's house more devout since Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's'. He died Friday, last day of Dhu'l-Hijja 854; the sultan walked his funeral and bore the bier himself, and Suyuti's father died forty days later. - شخصیت
المستعلي بالله أحمد بن المستنصر
Ahmad ibn al-Mustansir, ninth Ubaydid caliph as al-Musta'li bi'llah, succeeding on his father's death in 487. - شخصیت
المستنجد بالله يوسف بن المقتفي
Abbasid caliph [555–566]; he lifted Iraq's tolls and was hard on mischief-makers — to the man offering ten thousand dinars for a prisoner he answered 'take them, and show me another like him to jail'. Ibn al-Najjar praises his piercing mind and his craft of astrolabes and spheres. In his first year al-Adid, last of the Ubaydids, rose in Egypt; he died 8 Rabi' II 566. - شخصیت
المستنجد بالله يوسف بن المتوكل
The author's own reigning caliph [859–884], investing five sultans ending with Qaytbay; confined to the citadel by Khushqadam after Janim's bid, he died there Saturday 14 Muharram 884 near ninety, and was buried in the Abbasid cemetery by the Nafisa shrine. - شخصیت
المستنصر بالله منصور بن الظاهر
Abbasid caliph [623–640], hailed Rajab 623; builder of the Mustansiriyya — four madhhab chairs, bimaristan, kitchen, hammam, 70,000-mithqal waqf. His host once routed the Tatars; in 632 he struck silver dirhams to spare people usurious gold-cutting. His fierce brother al-Khafaji was passed over for his mild son Ahmad. - شخصیت
المستنصر بالله الثاني أحمد بن الظاهر
First of the Cairo Abbasids; freed from Baghdad's prison, he was hailed at Cairo 13 Rajab 659, then vanished against the Tatars beyond Hit on 3 Muharram 660 — most say killed. - شخصیت
المستنصر بالله معد بن الظاهر
Ma'add ibn al-Zahir, eighth Ubaydid caliph, enthroned at seven in 428 and reigning sixty years and four months — al-Dhahabi knows none in Islam who lasted so. In his days came the seven-year famine unmatched since Joseph; his khutba sounded at Baghdad's Mansur mosque when al-Basasiri held the city on his money. - شخصیت
المستنصر بالله الحفصي
Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Abi Zakariya, second caliph of the Hafsid state; acclaimed after his father's death in 647 AH, choosing for his motto «الحمد لله والشكر لله», in whose reign Mecca entered the Hafsid da'wa and its sharif preached him from the minbars, taking the title Imam al-Mustansir billah Commander of the Faithful, builder of the famed Abu Fahr garden at Tunis. - شخصیت
المستنصر بالله الحكم بن الناصر الأموي
The Umayyad caliph of Cordoba al-Hakam al-Mustansir (AH 350–366): lover of learning who gathered books as no king before him — the palace library's catalogues alone ran to forty-four volumes of twenty folios each naming titles only; he sent book-buyers with gold to every land and a thousand dinars to Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani for a pre-publication Aghani, kept guilds of copyists and binders, and the collection stood until it was sold and looted in the Berber siege. - شخصیت
المسترشد بالله الفضل بن المستظهر
Abbasid caliph [512–529], Abu Mansur al-Fadl ibn al-Mustazhir, born Rabi' I 485. Of soaring resolve and dread presence he revived the caliphate's dignity and campaigned in person till his last expedition broke near Hamadan. A calligrapher without peer among caliphs, he corrected slips in his books; al-Shashi wrote his fiqh al-Umda for him — 'Umdat al-Dunya wa'l-Din. He was killed by Batiniyya at Maragha, Thursday 16 Dhu'l-Qa'da 529. - شخصیت
المستعصم بالله عبد الله بن المستنصر آخر خلفاء بغداد
Abbasid caliph [640–656], the last of Baghdad — raised over his fierce uncle al-Khafaji for his softness, that the duwaydar and sharabi might rule. Empty of counsel, he cut most of the host his father had mustered on al-Alqami's advice, while the vizier wrote secretly to the Tatars meaning to move the caliphate to the Alids — 'and al-Musta'sim wandered in his pleasures'. - شخصیت
المستعصم بالله زكريا بن إبراهيم
Twice-set Cairo caliph: fifteen days under Aynbak in 779 'without bay'a or consensus', then under Barquq till 791 when the repenting sultan restored al-Mutawakkil; died deposed at home. - شخصیت
المستظهر بالله أحمد بن المقتدي
Abbasid caliph [487–512], Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn al-Muqtadi, born Shawwal 470, hailed at sixteen; Ibn al-Athir praises his mildness, noble hand and fine rescripts — 'his caliphate never knew calm: his days were turbulent, full of wars'. - شخصیت
المعتضد بالله أبو الفتح أبو بكر بن المستكفي
Cairo caliph [753–763], hailed by his brother's deed — 'good, humble, loving the people of knowledge'. - شخصیت
المعتضد بالله داود بن المتوكل
Cairo caliph [815–845] — 'of the caliphs' elite: noble, bright, alert; scholars sat with him and he shared their pursuits; generous to a fault' — investing five sultans across thirty years; died Sunday 4 Rabi' I 845 near seventy. - شخصیت
المعتمد بن عباد
Muhammad ibn Abbad al-Mu'tamid, last Abbadid king of Seville and the most celebrated poet-king of the Taifas: he charged the Almoravids at the palace square, was dragged to captivity and chained — composing his famous verses to the fetter itself — then imprisoned at Aghmat where he died; his grave there was visited by Ibn al-Khatib and al-Maqqari. - شخصیت
المتنبي
Arabic's greatest panegyrist; at Kafur's court in Egypt he met the Ikhshidid commander Fatik by chance in the desert — Fatik sent him a thousand-dinar gift, and al-Mutanabbi praised him in the ode 'no stratagem avails you...'; when Fatik died in 355 he mourned him with the towering elegy 'sorrow perturbs, patience dissuades' and left Egypt with it. - شخصیت
المعتصم بالله أبو إسحاق بن الرشيد
al-Mu'tasim bi'llah Abu Ishaq Muhammad ibn Harun al-Rashid, eighth caliph of the Abbasids; in al-Baladhuri: in his caliphate the Romans came out to Zibatra, killed its men, captured its women and wrecked it — which grieved and angered him so that he raided them as far as Amorium, having destroyed forts on the way, camped on it, took it, killed the fighters, captured the women and children, demolished it, and ordered Zibatra rebuilt, fortified and garrisoned. - شخصیت
المتوكل على الله محمد بن المعتضد
Sixth Cairo caliph [763–808] — 'father of the age's caliphs': of his hundred children five reigned (al-Musta'in, al-Mu'tadid II, al-Mustakfi II, al-Qa'im, al-Mustanjid), a thing without parallel, and all living Abbasids descend from him. Deposed fifteen days in 779, imprisoned and deposed by Barquq 785–791, he refused the amirs' offer of the sultanate itself in 778; died Tuesday 18 Rajab 808. - شخصیت
المتوكل على الله الثاني عبد العزيز بن يعقوب
Cairo caliph [884–903] — a Hashimi between Hashimis, who read hadith with the author's father; hailed in the sultan's presence 16 Muharram 884. In his reign Qaytbay made the hajj no sultan had made for over a century; he died Wednesday, last of Muharram 903, naming his son Ya'qub al-Mustamsik. - شخصیت
المطيع لله الفضل بن المقتدر
Abbasid caliph [334–363], Abu'l-Qasim al-Fadl ibn al-Muqtadir, born 301 to the slave Mashghala, hailed on al-Mustakfi's deposition with a stipend of only a hundred dinars a day fixed by Mu'izz al-Dawla. - شخصیت
المطلب بن أزهر
Of Banu Zuhra; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his wife Ramla bint Abi Awf and died there, and his son Abdullah was born to him there. - شخصیت
المتقي لله إبراهيم بن المقتدر
Abbasid caliph [329–333], Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn al-Muqtadir, hailed at thirty-four; he altered nothing, never touched a slave-girl or wine, fasted much — 'I want no companion but the Mushaf'. Tuzun blinded him in 333; jailed opposite al-Sindiyya twenty-five years, he died in Sha'ban 357. - شخصیت
المظفر بن الأفطس ملك بطليوس
Al-Muzaffar Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn al-Aftas, the scholar-king of Badajoz — author of the encyclopedia known as al-Muzaffari in nearly fifty volumes, and among the greatest of the taifa kings. - شخصیت
المزني
Abu Ibrahim Isma'il b. Yahya al-Muzani, author of the Mukhtasar and al-Shafi'i's great pupil — died in Egypt, Rabi' I 264. - شخصیت
النضير بن الحارث الثقفي
A prominent Thaqafi physician-nobleman and son of the famed physician al-Harith ibn Kalada; allied to Banu Abd al-Dar, he embraced Islam and was granted one hundred camels by the Prophet at al-Ji'rana among al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum. - شخصیت
النضيرة بنت الضيزن
The princess who loved Shapur from Hatra's wall, betrayed the water-gate for his hand, drugged her father's wine — then lost her own life when her delicate skin betrayed her pampered raising: torn between two stallions by her plaits, mourned in Adi ibn Zayd's famous verses. - شخصیت
النضر بن الحارث
تقریباً 575 عیسویA Qurashi who had traveled to al-Hira and returned with Persian tales of kings and heroes, offering them against the Prophet's recitation — captured at Badr and executed on the march home. - شخصیت
النهدية
An enslaved woman who embraced Islam in Mecca with her daughter; the polytheists tortured her, and Abu Bakr freed her. - شخصیت
النخيرخان
commander of al-Mada'in who met the Muslims past Dayr Ka'b in a great host; Zuhayr ibn Sulaym grappled him and slit his belly with his own dagger. - شخصیت
النسائي
تقریباً 830 عیسوی · 215 ھThe muhaddith of Nasa in Khurasan, author of the Sunan counted among the six books; famed for his attention to hidden defects and transmitter criticism, moving late in life to Egypt and then al-Sham where he died. - شخصیت
الملك الناصر أحمد بن الأشرف الرسولي
Rasulid king of Yemen (r. 803-827) — 'dissolute and tyrannical' per Ibn Hajar, who records that he died of fright after lightning struck his glass fortress. - شخصیت
الناصر لدين الله أحمد بن المستضيء
Abbasid caliph [575–622], longest reign of any — forty-seven years. His web of correspondents reached every court till men said he was served by jinn; al-Muwaffaq: 'he revived the caliphate's awe that died with al-Mu'tasim'. Ibn Wasil's counter-verdict: an unjust sira, lands taken, Imami leanings — Ibn al-Jawzi's diplomatic 'best after the Prophet: he whose daughter lay beneath him'. Mid-reign he took up hadith, a seventy-hadith booklet heard as far as Aleppo; blind at the end, a slave-girl he taught wrote his rescripts. Khwarazmshah's march broke in snow without a battle; he died Sunday at Ramadan's end, 622. - شخصیت
الناصر بن علناس الحمادي
al-Nasir ibn Alnas al-Hammadi, greatest of the Hammadid kings; master of the Qal'a and Bijaya who seized Ifriqiya itself from al-Mu'izz ibn Badis's heirs and held Qayrawan and Mahdiyya — he built his Qayrawan residence the Nasiriyya, courted scholars, turned from Shi'ism to the Sunni creed and had the Abbasid caliph named in the khutba, and warred the Hilali Arabs until his rule embraced all of Ifriqiya and the Middle Maghreb. - شخصیت
الملك الناصر محمد بن قلاوون
Mamluk sultan thrice fated: raised at nine in 693, deposed for Kitbugha then Lajin, restored from Karak's exile in 698 with the caliph's investiture. - شخصیت
الناصر صاحب دمشق
Damascus's lord, to whom Hulagu sent the three dread letters after Baghdad's fall. - شخصیت
الإمام النووي
The jurist and ascetic Imam Abu Zakariyya Yahya al-Nawawi; compiler of the 'Arba'un', forty-two concise hadiths built on Ibn al-Salah's twenty-six, which became one of the most memorised and commented collections in Islam. - شخصیت
النظام
Ibrahim ibn Sayyar the Mu'tazili — 'finer than mirage, subtler than wine' — whose dosed-love definition closed the named speakers. - شخصیت
النعمان بن أبي جعال الضبيبي
Of the Dubayb of Judham, among those who converted on Rifa'a's letter; he went out with his people against al-Hunayd ibn Us to recover Dihya al-Kalbi's goods and was shot in the knee by Qurra ibn Ashqar al-Dula'i. Abu Ji'al is the poet of the verses after the Prophet restored what had been taken from Judham. - شخصیت
النعمان بن عدي
Son of Adi ibn Nadla; he accompanied his father to Abyssinia and arrived from there. Umar later appointed him over Maysan and dismissed him after verses were attributed to him. - شخصیت
النعمان بن المنذر
The Lakhmid king of al-Hira whom Khosrow summoned after the courtier Zayd ibn Adi’s intrigue; he entrusted his family and wealth to Hani ibn Masʾud of Banu Shayban, then went to Khosrow who imprisoned him until death — the refusal to surrender that deposit ignited Dhu Qar. - شخصیت
النعمان بن امرئ القيس
al-Nu'man ibn Imri' al-Qays ibn al-Shaqiqa bint Abi Rabi'a ibn Duhl ibn Shayban, king of al-Hira; in al-Baladhuri he built al-Khawarnaq for Bahram Jur ibn Yazdgard — who was in his ward when he left his kingdom and wandered, as Adi ibn Zayd al-Ibadi's verse records. - شخصیت
النعمان بن جبلة التنوخي
Tanukh and Bahra's bannerman in Mu'awiya's host — whose devastatingly honest reply at Siffin survives: 'I preferred your kingship over my religion and abandoned right-guidance knowing it... we fight for the Ghuta's figs and olives since Paradise's fruits are denied us'. - شخصیت
النعمان بن مقرن
al-Nu'man ibn Amr ibn Muqarrin al-Muzani; in al-Baladhuri governor over Kaskar and its district — or at Medina — when Umar gave him the Nihawand army: 'I am employing you' — 'not as a tax-gatherer, but as a ghazi' — 'a ghazi, then'; the succession letter ran Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman, then Jarir, then al-Mughira, then al-Ash'ath ibn Qays, with al-Sa'ib ibn al-Aqra' al-Thaqafi beside him. - شخصیت
النعمان بن صهبان الراسبي
Al-Nu'man ibn Suhban al-Rasibi; he judged between Mudar and Rabi'a in the days Yazid died — his Qasr al-Nu'man enlarged by Ubaydallah drew his prophecy 'evil wealth: much water drowns, little parching', which came to pass. - شخصیت
النعمان قيل ذي رعين ومعافر وهمدان
A qayl, a lesser king, of Himyar over Dhu Ru'ayn, Ma'afir and Hamdan, who wrote with al-Harith and Nu'aym the sons of Abd Kulal to the Prophet announcing their Islam and received his reply. - شخصیت
النُّسَير
Raider on the Iraq marches at the conquest; in al-Baladhuri sent by al-Muthanna ibn Haritha with Hudhayfa ibn Mihsan to Tikrit after the Day of the Bridge, safe-conducting Ukbara and al-Baradan and routing Khurzad ibn Mahibandadh at Qasr Sabur; also said sent by Khalid ibn al-Walid against Maskin and Qatarrabul villages — the name appears as al-Tusayr in places. - شخصیت
القاضي عياض
تقریباً 1083 عیسوی · تقریباً 476 ھQadi 'Iyad the Maliki hadith-master, judge of Ceuta then Granada, author of the unmatched al-Shifa'; so fiercely attached to the Sunna that he ordered al-Ghazali's books burned over something he suspected in them — 'they wronged 'Iyad while he forbore them: they put an 'ayn for the ra' in his name to conceal him, yet he is well known'. - شخصیت
القادر بالله أحمد بن إسحاق بن المقتدر
Abbasid caliph [381–422], Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn al-Muqtadir, born 336; hailed after al-Ta'i's deposition, arriving 10 Ramadan. Al-Khatib: famed for piety and night-prayer, he studied fiqh under Abu Bishr al-Harawi and wrote an usul book — Companions' virtues and takfir of the Mu'tazila — read every Friday at al-Mahdi's mosque; in Shawwal he and Baha' al-Dawla swore mutual fidelity, the caliph granting him all beyond his gate. - شخصیت
القفال الشاشي أبو بكر محمد بن علي
- شخصیت
القائم بأمر الله حمزة بن المتوكل
Cairo caliph [854–859], hailed without any deed — 'bold, severe, with a majesty unlike his brothers'' — till his breach with al-Ashraf Inal over the soldiers' intrusion saw him deposed and held at Alexandria to his death in 863, buried beside his full brother al-Musta'in: both deposed, both jailed there, buried together. - شخصیت
القائم بأمر الله عبد الله بن القادر
Abbasid caliph [422–467], Abu Ja'far Abd Allah ibn al-Qadir, born 391 to an Armenian mother; Ibn al-Athir praises his beauty, piety, learning and unstinted answers. Al-Basasiri seized him in 450 and jailed him at Ana — his letter to God was hung on the Ka'ba. Restored, he slept only on his prayer-mat, kept fasting and night-prayer, forgave all who wronged him, bought back his looted goods at price saying 'we have counted them with God', never again laid head on pillow; no instrument of amusement was found in his sacked palace. - شخصیت
القائم بأمر الله محمد بن المهدي
Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad, the Ubaydid Mahdi's son and second ruler of the dynasty, succeeding on his father's death under al-Radi; earlier he had taken most of Upper Egypt and his armies held Fustat's riverine quarter. - شخصیت
القالي
Abu Ali Isma'il ibn al-Qasim al-Qali the lexicographer, d. AH 356 — he composed his Amali at Cordoba after 330. - شخصیت
القعقاع بن عمرو
The champion who came with the Syria relief, called for single combat, and killed Dhu'l-Hajib Bahman ibn Jadhawayh crying 'for the vengeance of Abu 'Ubayd, Sulayt and the Bridge' — thirty men in thirty charges that day. - شخصیت
القعقاع بن يزيد
- شخصیت
القاسم بن الرشيد
al-Qasim ibn Harun al-Rashid, third of his sons to rule; in al-Baladhuri: he was dwelling at Dabiq when the Byzantines raided Ayn Zarba, driving off its herds and taking captives, and when the men and volunteers of Masisa flew to the rescue and recovered what had reached the raiders, al-Qasim sent men to fortify and repair the city and increased its garrison. - شخصیت
القاسم بن حمود المأمون
al-Qasim ibn Hammud ibn Maymun al-Idrisi, brother of Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir; the two stood by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam al-Musta'in when the Berbers set him up as caliph in al-Andalus and served him well, al-Qasim receiving Algeciras — after Ali's death he took the caliphate as al-Ma'mun, contested by his nephew Yahya ibn Ali who prevailed over him, one of the last Hammudid caliphs of Cordoba. - شخصیت
القاسم بن محمد
The Prophet's eldest son by Khadija, from whom his kunya Abu al-Qasim derives; he died young in Mecca. - شخصیت
القاسم بن سيما
Abbasid commander who led the summer expedition against Byzantium in 298. - شخصیت
القاسم بن ثعلبة الطائي
al-Qasim ibn Tha'laba ibn Abdallah ibn Hasn al-Ta'i; by Ibn al-Kalbi's account, Dahir's killer. - شخصیت
القاسم بن عبيد الله
Al-Muktafi's dread vizier who killed Abd al-Wahid b. al-Muwaffaq and poisoned Ibn al-Rumi — Baghdad drank to his death at thirty-some. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن عمر القواريري
A Baghdad jurist; he refused in the mihna, was shackled, and answered on the third day — al-Ma'mun's letter censured his taking of bribes and favour-gifts. - شخصیت
زكريا القزويني
Zakariyya b. Muhammad al-Qazwini, author of 'Aja'ib al-makhluqat and Athar al-bilad (composed 674); his pupil Ibn al-Futi dated his death to Muharram 682. - شخصیت
القفطي
Jamal al-Din Ali ibn Yusuf al-Qifti, d. AH 646 — author of Inbah al-Ruwat 'ala Anbah al-Nuhat, the history of the grammarians. - شخصیت
جمال الدين القرشي محمد بن عمر
1231 عیسوی · 628 ھAbu al-Fadl Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Umar al-Qurashi, born 628 AH (1231 CE) and died 702 AH (1303 CE); his mother was from Merv. - شخصیت
أبو القاسم القشيري
The Qushayri of the Risala — among the imams al-Kunduri drove from Khurasan by lumping the Ash'aris with the Rafida on the minbars, and whom Nizam al-Mulk's reign restored. - شخصیت
الربيع بنت النضر
Al-Rabi' bint al-Nadr, Anas ibn Malik's aunt; it is said al-Hasan al-Basri and his brother fell to her from Maysan's captives and she freed them — others say it was Jamila, Anas's wife of Salima. - شخصیت
الربيع بن خثيم الثوري
Al-Rabi' ibn Khuthaym al-Thawri, ascetic of the Followers; Ali sent him raiding Daylam at the head of four thousand, and Qazwin kept his famous mosque with a tree the common folk rubbed for blessing — said to have sprouted from his planted tooth-stick — until Tahir ibn Abdallah's governor cut it in al-Mutawakkil's reign fearing it would beguile the people. - شخصیت
الربيع بن صبيح الفقيه
Al-Rabi' ibn Sabih, mawla of Banu Sa'd and narrator from al-Hasan al-Basri; he gathered Basran money, fortified Abbadan, raided from it, then sailed against India and died — buried on a Jarathir island in 160h. - شخصیت
الربيع بن سليمان المؤذن
Al-Shafi'i's muezzin-companion, the chain for his death-account. - شخصیت
الربيع بن زياد البكري الخراساني
Al-Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Bakri al-Khurasani al-Marwazi al-Basri, a figure of the second Islamic century, mentioned by Ibn Sa'd in his biographical classes of the Basrans and Baghdadis; he died in 139 AH. - شخصیت
الربيع بن زياد الحارثي
Al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad al-Harithi; in one telling Abu Musa sent him against the asawira at al-Kalbaniyya — he fought them till they sought aman on conversion, war against the Medes, free alliance and free settlement. - شخصیت
الراضي بالله أبو العباس محمد بن المقتدر
Abbasid caliph [322–329], Abu'l-Abbas Muhammad ibn al-Muqtadir, born 297 to a Roman slave Zulum, hailed the day al-Qahir was deposed — Ibn Muqla wrote up the deposed caliph's faults to be read to the people. - شخصیت
الرافقي الحسين بن محمد
983 عیسوی · 373 ھA man of letters from al-Raqqa, with the kunya Abu Abd Allah. - شخصیت
يوسف بن هرون الرمادي
Cordoba's great poet al-Ramadi — 'poetry was opened by Kinda and sealed by Kinda' said the critics, meaning Imru' al-Qays, al-Mutanabbi and Yusuf b. Harun; long-lived into the fitna whose famine wasted him to death in 403. - شخصیت
الرشيد بن المأمون الموحدي
Abd al-Wahid ibn al-Ma'mun, titled al-Rashid; acclaimed after his father's death in 630 AH, he defeated Yahya ibn al-Nasir and entered Marrakesh, restoring at the Almohad shaykhs' condition the Mahdi rites his father had erased, and contrived the killing of the Arab commander Mas'ud ibn Humaydan, ruling until his death in 640 AH. - شخصیت
الراشد بالله منصور بن المسترشد
Abbasid caliph [529–530], hailed on his father's murder; deposed by Mas'ud's judicial instrument in 530, he ravaged Azerbaijan till his own attendants killed him in 532 — 'Joseph's beauty and Hatim's bounty'. - شخصیت
الرواد الأزدي
Al-Rawwad al-Azdi; he settled Tabriz, then his son al-Wajna' ibn al-Rawwad, who built and walled it so the people rallied to him — al-Wajna' and the Azd mawla Sadaqa ibn Ali later ravaged Azerbaijan. - شخصیت
أبو بكر محمد بن زكريا الرازي
The philosopher-physician, author of the Mansuri — al-Mas'udi saw his book on the Harranian Sabians' doctrines (apart from the rival Kimariyyun), whose rites he judged too ugly to repeat. - شخصیت
الربيع بنت معوذ
A Companion of Banu Adi ibn al-Najjar; she gave the pledge under the tree, narrated that women campaigned with the Prophet giving water, serving and tending the wounded, described his ablution, and told of her wedding day when girls played the tambourine. - شخصیت
الرقاد المتكي
al-Ruqad al-Mutakki; killed at Herat by the Hashimi Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Abbas in Ibn al-Ash'ath's remnant. - شخصیت
الرشاطي المري
Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Ali al-Rushati al-Mariyyi — the renowned imam of Almeria, devoted to hadith, rijal and chronicles, author of Iqtibas al-Anwar on the genealogies of Companions and transmitters in the manner of Ibn al-Sam'ani's Ansab; born at Orihuela in 466 and martyred in the sack of Almeria on Friday morning, 20 Jumada I 542. - شخصیت
الروياني صاحب البحر شيخ الشافعية
Shaykh of the Shafi'is, author of al-Bahr; the Batiniyya killed him at Baghdad in their terror of 494, when the amirs wore mail beneath their clothes. - شخصیت
أبو علي الصدفي
Abu Ali al-Sadafi, among the most famous scholars of al-Andalus — he and his peer Ibn al-Farra went out as volunteers to the battle of Cutanda in 514 and were among the lost. - شخصیت
خليل بن أيبك الصفدي
Salah al-Din Khalil ibn Aybak al-Safadi — historian and chancery writer who composed al-Salih Isma'il's reply to the Marinid sultan's letter, and granted ijaza for both after Izz al-Din Abu Ya'la read them in a single session in the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus, Dhu al-Qa'da 756, a reading that 'graced the ear with eloquence'. - شخصیت
السائب بن الأقرع
al-Sa'ib ibn al-Aqra' al-Thaqafi; in al-Baladhuri, sent by Umar with his letter to al-Nu'man and charged with the spoils — 'raise no falsehood, withhold no right' — he gathered and divided them, and on Dhu al-Muwaynatayn's word climbed the fortress to the Nukhayrkan treasure, taking the two jewel baskets sold at Umar's order. - شخصیت
السائب بن الحارث
Of Banu Sahm; he emigrated to Abyssinia, was wounded with the Prophet at al-Ta'if and was killed on the day of Fahl in Umar's caliphate; it is also said he was killed on the day of Khaybar, which is doubted. - شخصیت
الحافظ شمس الدين السخاوي
1427 اور 1428 کے درمیان عیسوی · ربیع الاول 831 ھCairo's last great hadith master (831-902): Ibn Hajar's closest student — 'the best of my company' — a transmission chain of ten souls to the Prophet, over four hundred teachers, then a Medinan recluse composing al-Daw' al-Lami' for the ninth century and Fath al-Mughith, ending the era of jarh wa-ta'dil. - شخصیت
السكران بن عمرو
A Qurashi of Amir ibn Luayy and brother of Suhayl ibn Amr; Musa ibn Uqba and Ibn Ishaq list him among the emigrants to Abyssinia, and the Prophet married his widow Sawda bint Zam'a. Where and in what faith he died is disputed. - شخصیت
السمعاني
Abu Sa'd Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad al-Sam'ani al-Marwazi, d. AH 562 — his al-Ansab, 'a great work in the genre' in eight volumes, epitomised by Ibn al-Athir as al-Lubab and by al-Suyuti as Lubb al-Lubab. - شخصیت
السموأل بن عادياء
Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya — of the famous tale with Khazin the night-knocking kahin and his trust, the grey ass, red ostrich, blond horse, wall-eyed camel and humiliated elder — treated in al-Mas'udi's Akhbar al-Zaman and Middle Book. - شخصیت
السمهودي
1440 عیسوی · صفر 844 ھHistorian, mufti and teacher of Medina, resident there from 873 AH; he wrote three histories of the Prophet's city — the large Iqtisaf al-Wafa which burned unfinished in the mosque fire, the middling Wafa al-Wafa, and the brief Khulasat al-Wafa — and himself served in the rebuilding of the Noble Chamber, so his book carries eyewitness knowledge no other historian of the city matched. - شخصیت
محمد بن يوسف السنوسي
Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Sanusi — author of Umm al-Barahin, the compact epitome of tawhid doctrines, which he himself commented on. - شخصیت
السري بن الحكم
Egypt's governor who prayed over al-Shafi'i's bier in Rajab 204. - شخصیت
السيد الحميري
The Alids' poet — his Husayn elegies include 'people of Radwa, what of one who weeps unseen'; his rawi Isma'il al-Sahir held he died a Kaysani, while al-Nawfali disputed the attribution of a famous ode. - شخصیت
الشعبي
Amir ibn Sharahil al-Sha'bi, Kufa's jurist; entered Rayy with Qutayba ibn Muslim, who asked him what drink he loved most — 'the easiest found and the dearest lost', he said. - شخصیت
أبو الحسن الشباش البصري
- شخصیت
محمد بن إدريس الشافعي
Imam of the Shafi'i madhhab, died in al-Ma'mun's days; per al-Suyuti, al-Mutawakkil said 'my grief over Muhammad ibn Idris — I wished I lived in his days to learn from him, for I dreamt the Prophet saying he left you a good science: follow it and be guided' — whence al-Suyuti concludes al-Mutawakkil was the first caliph to adopt a madhhab. - شخصیت
الشاهجان
al-Shahijan; Marw's marzban sent him to Ibn Amir suing for peace, and Hatim ibn al-Nu'man went and made it. - شخصیت
الشماخ بن ضرار
Al-Shammakh ibn Dirar al-Thumali — some say al-Taghlibi — the poet; he rode Sa'id ibn al-As's Azerbaijan raid and sang of Bukayr ibn Shaddad, knight of Atlal. - شخصیت
الشنبوذي
The Baghdadi muqri' al-Shanbudhi, reader under Ibn Mujahid, who held fifty thousand verses of poetry as Qur'anic shawahid. - شخصیت
الأعلم الشنتمري يوسف بن سليمان
1019 عیسوی · 410 ھAn Andalusian scholar from Shantamariyya al-Gharb, nicknamed al-A'lam for a wide split in his upper lip. - شخصیت
الشقندي
Abu l-Walid al-Shaqundi, author of the famous epistle on al-Andalus's superiority over the farther shore — cited throughout Nafh al-Tib; of Granada he wrote it is 'the Damascus of al-Andalus, the theatre of eyes and ambition of souls'. - شخصیت
أبو العمود الشاري
The Haruri rebel of Yemen and the Bawazij — captured by Sama's army, pardoned and released by al-Muntasir. - شخصیت
الشريف الجرجاني علي بن محمد
1340 عیسوی · 740 ھA scholar of philosophy, logic, theology and rhetoric, born in Taju and known as al-Sharif al-Jurjani. - شخصیت
الشريف المرتضى
Naqib of the Talibids and head of Iraq's Shi'a — imam in kalam, poetry and rhetoric, pupil of al-Shaykh al-Mufid; a hand in the Nahj al-balagha's compilation is attributed to him, and Ibn Bassam praised him as the agreed imam of Iraq's community. - شخصیت
الشريف الرضي
Al-Sharif al-Murtada's brother, the poet and Talibid naqib, conventionally the compiler of the Nahj al-balagha — though Ibn al-Imad relays the Sunni doubt that the book's compiler himself composed it. - شخصیت
الشرقي بن القطامي
The third akhbari in Mas'udi's Siffin casualty dossier — the seventy-thousand tally alongside al-Haytham and Abu Mikhnaf. - شخصیت
الشوكاني
1759 عیسوی · 1172 ھ†Muhammad ibn Ali al-Shawkani (1759–1834 CE) — the Yemeni mujtahid jurist of Sana'a, author of the eight-volume Nayl al-Awtar. - شخصیت
الشيبانية بنت هانئ بن قبيصة
'Ubayd Allah ibn 'Umar's wife — alone of his women she refused to arm him at Siffin, warning that every proud champion who faced her tribe fell; wounded by his bow, she outlived her prophecy and carried his wrapped body home. - شخصیت
الشيحي علي بن محمد
1279 عیسوی · 678 ھA Baghdadi scholar of jurisprudence and hadith in the eighth century AH. - شخصیت
الشيماء بنت الحارث السعدية
A woman of Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr of Hawazin and foster-sister of the Prophet through nursing; taken among the Hunayn captives, she made herself known to him, he recognized her by a mark and honored her, spread his cloak for her to sit upon, then manumitted her and returned her to her people. - شخصیت
الشفاء بنت عبد الله
One of the first emigrants, she embraced Islam before the Hijra and gave her pledge; counted among the wise and virtuous of women, the Prophet visited her and took his midday rest at her house, she taught Hafsa to write, and Umar valued her opinion and at times put her in charge of something in the market. - شخصیت
أبو الحسن الششتري
Abu l-Hasan al-Shushtari, the Andalusi Sufi poet; settled at Bijaya, whose students and followers filled the poor and the common folk, famed for letter-riddles and verse on the Path's stations — and for living by the House of God, making umra continually and hajj every year until the Meccans relied on his words; died Thursday 9 Shawwal 669. - شخصیت
السمط بن الأسود الكندي
A Kindi commander of Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah in the Syrian conquests; Abu Ubayda set him over Hims after its fall — or by another report Shurahbil ibn al-Simt — then sent him against Qinnasrin when its people broke faith, and he besieged and took it; Ubada ibn Nusayy reported from Abd al-Rahman ibn Ghanm that he kept ribat with al-Simt at Qinnasrin and when it fell cattle and sheep were taken, a portion divided among them and the rest placed in the spoil. - شخصیت
أبو سعيد السيرافي
Abu Sa'id al-Sirafi — the celebrated grammarian whose commentary on Sibawayh's Kitab revealed things no one else in the field had seen, and whose al-Iqna' was completed by his son Abu Muhammad; his Baghdad majlis drew even the keeper of Dar al-'Ilm's library. - شخصیت
السهيلي
Al-Suhayli of Malaga, blind Maliki master — author of al-Rawd al-Unuf on Ibn Hisham's Sira and of the famous 'verses of relief' which Ibn Dihya recited and said none who asked God by them was refused. - شخصیت
الصولي
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Suli, the chess-player historian of the Awraq on the Abbasids, d. 335h under al-Muti'. - شخصیت
الصميل بن حاتم الكلابي
Chief of the Qaysi party in al-Andalus, one of Balj's elite; he drove Abu'l-Khattar's deposition, backed Thawaba's amirate, joined Yusuf al-Fihri's night massacre of the Yamani leaders at Shaqunda, then defeated and killed Abu'l-Khattar in 129. - شخصیت
جلال الدين السيوطي
تقریباً 1445 عیسوی · 849 ھJalal al-Din Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr al-Suyuti (849-911 AH); Egypt's prolific hadith imam, author among much else of Tarikh al-Khulafa, caliphal biographies to his own day. - شخصیت
التباني جلال الدين بن أحمد
Scholar of Cairo, named al-Tabbani after his residence outside the city; died 793 AH (1391 CE). - شخصیت
التدميري أحمد بن عبد الجليل
From Tudmir, east of Cordoba in al-Andalus. - شخصیت
التدمري تاج الدين إسحاق بن إبراهيم
Scholar included in the Maliki biographical dictionaries; died 833 AH (1430 CE). - شخصیت
أبو جعفر الطحاوي
239 ھA Hanafi hadith scholar and jurist of Egypt from the tribe of Azd, said to have taken knowledge from about three hundred teachers; author of Mushkil al-Athar, Ma'ani al-Athar and the Tahawi creed. - شخصیت
الطاهر الخميري
1899 عیسوی · 1317 ھBorn in the Bab Suwayqa quarter of the old city of Tunis in 1899. - شخصیت
الطاهر بن يحيى العلوي الحسيني
The Husayni 'Alawi of Medina whose oral recension of the Abu Talib genealogy Mas'udi heard and preferred over al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar's book. - شخصیت
الطائع لله عبد الكريم بن المطيع
Abbasid caliph [363–381], al-Mu'ti's son, hailed when his father suffered paralysis at Subuktakin's counsel — the deed done Wednesday 13 Dhu'l-Qa'da 363; al-Dhahabi says father and son were alike helpless among the Buyids. - شخصیت
التاجوري عبد الرحمن بن محمد
Scholar from Tajura near Tripoli in Libya, after which he is named; died 960 AH (1553 CE). - شخصیت
التلعفري أبو المكارم محمد بن يوسف
1196 عیسوی · 593 ھShihab al-Din Abu al-Makarim Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Tala'fari, born in Mosul in 593 AH (1196 CE) and died 675 AH (1276 CE). - شخصیت
التنسي محمد بن عبد الله
1417 عیسوی · 820 ھA memorizing scholar from Tlemcen, probably born in Madin. - شخصیت
التنوخي المفضل بن محمد
1000 عیسوی · 390 ھOf Ma'arrat al-Nu'man in Syria; came to Baghdad in 390 AH, studied law there, and died 442 AH (1050 CE). - شخصیت
التنوخي القاضي أبو القاسم علي بن المحسن
975 عیسوی · 365 ھJudge Abu al-Qasim Ali ibn al-Muhsin al-Tanukhi, companion and pupil of Abu al-Ala al-Ma'arri; died 474 AH (1081 CE). - شخصیت
التسولي إبراهيم بن عبد الرحمن
A Maliki jurist of the Maghrib, known as Ibn Abi Yahya. - شخصیت
التتائي محمد بن إبراهيم
1451 عیسوی · 855 ھA Maliki jurist, author of Tanwir al-Maqala on Maliki law. - شخصیت
التواتي محمد البشير بن محمد الطاهر
Scholar of Bejaia origin raised in Tunis, named al-Tawwati after a pious man of Tuwat with whom he was associated; died 1311 AH (1893 CE). - شخصیت
التوزي عبد الله بن محمد بن هارون
Philologist whose biographical works record several writings, most of them lost; died 230 AH (844 CE). - شخصیت
الثمانيني أبو القاسم عمر بن ثابت
Blind grammarian and man of letters from Thamanin, a small town in the Jazirat Ibn Umar area near Mosul; died 442 AH (1051 CE). - شخصیت
الثقفي الجياني محمد بن الحسن
1174 عیسوی · 570 ھPreacher, reader, hadith scholar and man of letters of Jaen in al-Andalus, who travelled through the southern cities; died 663 AH (1264 CE). - شخصیت
الثميمي أبو الحسن عبد العزيز بن الحارث
929 عیسوی · 317 ھOne of the leading Hanbali scholars of law, legal theory and inheritance, of the Tamim tribe; died 371 AH (982 CE). - شخصیت
التفليسي جمال الدين أبو الفضل حبش بن إبراهيم
Physician, astrologer, lexicographer and man of letters from Tiflis, who served the Seljuks in medicine and astronomy and wrote mostly in Persian; died 629 AH (1231 CE). - شخصیت
التجيبي السبتي أبو القاسم بن يوسف
1267 عیسوی · 666 ھScholar of Valencian origin, born in Ceuta in 666 AH (1267 CE) and raised there; died 730 AH (1329 CE). - شخصیت
التلمساني الشريف محمد بن أحمد
1310 عیسوی · 710 ھImam of the Maghrib and a leading figure of the Maliki school, born in Tlemcen in 710 AH (1310 CE); died 771 AH (1370 CE). - شخصیت
الترمذي محمد بن عيسى
824 عیسوی · 209 ھA hadith scholar from Tirmidh on the Oxus, author of the Jami' al-Sahih, known as Sunan al-Tirmidhi. - شخصیت
التيزيني محمد بن محمد
1424 عیسوی · 828 ھHanafi astronomer and mathematician of Aleppo, named after the town of Tizin near Aleppo; born 828 AH (1424 CE), died 911 AH (1505 CE). - شخصیت
أبو البقاء العكبري
Abu al-Baqa' Abdallah ibn al-Husayn al-Ukbari — the blind grammarian of Basra, author of al-Tibyan on Qur'anic i'rab and al-Lubab; died 616. - شخصیت
العماني الشاعر
The bedouin orator who lauded al-Amin and scorned al-Ma'mun as 'pasture beside sand-grouse' — to the caliph's laughing rebuke. - شخصیت
الإقليدسي أحمد بن إبراهيم
A mathematician who probably lived in Damascus. His laqab al-Uqlidisi is linked to the Euclid text he copied and studied. - شخصیت
الواحدي
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, d. AH 468 — the mufassir whose Asbab al-Nuzul is 'the most famous composed in the genre'. - شخصیت
الوليد بن المغيرة
تقریباً 550 عیسویThe grand old man of Banu Makhzum — arbiter of Quraysh's elders, father of Khalid, and the man whose poetic verdicts shaped how Mecca first named the Prophet's recitation. - شخصیت
الوليد بن هشام بن المغيرة
al-Walid ibn Hisham ibn al-Mughira; his advice Umar took for the diwan — 'Syria's kings have a diwan and an army: write a diwan, raise an army'. - شخصیت
الوليد بن معاوية بن عبد الملك
Marwan's man on Damascus — he seized the Imam Ibrahim in al-Humayma's mosque; besieged by 'Abd Allah ibn 'Ali with fifty thousand he died in the Yaman-Nizar riot. - شخصیت
الوليد بن طريف الشاري
al-Walid ibn Tarif — the Shabani (or Taghlibi) Khariji lion of the Jazira, 178 AH; 'I am al-Walid ibn Tarif the Shari'; mourned by his sister al-Fari'a as al-Khansa' mourned her brothers. - شخصیت
الوليد بن عقبة بن أبي معيط
A maternal half-brother of Uthman ibn Affan, he embraced Islam on the day of the conquest; Ibn Abd al-Barr says the commentators do not disagree that verse 6 of al-Hujurat was revealed about him when the Prophet sent him to collect alms from Banu al-Mustaliq, and Ibn Hajar points to the weakness of the chains of that story; Uthman made him governor of Kufa in 25 AH and removed him after he was flogged for drinking wine, as the two collections report; he withdrew from the civil strife and stayed at al-Raqqa until he died in Mu'awiya's caliphate. - شخصیت
الوليد بن عتبة بن أبي سفيان
He led Mu'awiya II's funeral prayer hoping for the succession — and was stabbed dead at the second takbir before the prayer ended. - شخصیت
الوليد بن يزيد بن عبد الملك
The eleventh Umayyad caliph, who succeeded Hisham in 126 by his designation; Ahmad's Musnad carries the hadith that a man called al-Walid would be harder on this umma than Pharaoh on his people, and Ibn Fadlallah in al-Masalik calls him the obstinate tyrant who shot the Mushaf with arrows. His cousin Yazid ibn al-Walid rose against him, killed him and took power, his caliphate lasting six months less a fraction at age thirty-five, or forty-six. - شخصیت
الواقدي
The maghazi author — weakened in hadith, dead in 209 aged seventy-seven; his tale of the thousand-dirham bag shared by three friends moved al-Ma'mun to a seven-thousand-dinar grant. - شخصیت
الواثق بالله
Harun al-Wathiq bi'llah ibn al-Mu'tasim, ninth Abbasid caliph; in al-Baladhuri: certain officials had laid head-jizya on the Jarajima at Antioch — they being a service-treaty people, not jizya-payers — and they appealed it to him as caliph, whereupon he ordered it remitted; al-Mutawakkil afterwards ordered it taken of them while paying them stipends. - شخصیت
الواثق أبو دبوس
The last Almohad caliph, Abu Dabus al-Wathiq — he took Marrakesh in Muharram 665 and had al-Murtada killed at Kutama, then fell in the war with the Marinids in Muharram 668, whereupon the house of 'Abd al-Mu'min ended and the Marinids took their kingdom. - شخصیت
الواثق يحيى بن المستنصر الحفصي
Yahya ibn al-Mustansir, titled al-Wathiq and known as the Deposed; acclaimed the night of his father's death in 675 AH, he opened with redress of grievances, freeing prisoners, largesse and restoring mosques, until his Andalusi vizier Ibn al-Habbar dominated him and tortured the vizier Ibn Abi al-Husayn to death over his hoard; when his uncle Abu Ishaq entered Bejaia and the army called for him, al-Wathiq knew his reign was spent and abdicated on 1 Rabi I 678, moving from the citadel's palaces to the Aquri house. - شخصیت
الواثق بالله إبراهيم بن المستمسك
Pretender-caliph at Cairo [740–741]; passed over by his grandfather for profligacy, he sowed the sultan's breach with al-Mustakfi and was hailed on his death — the commons calling him 'al-Musta'ti'. Ibn Fadl Allah's portrait: ram-butting rams, fighting cocks, long-eared goats, unpaid goods — 'the caliphate's name stepped down from the minbars'. The dying sultan repented and deposed him. - شخصیت
الواثق بالله عمر بن إبراهيم
Cairo caliph [785–788] under Barquq's deposition of al-Mutawakkil; died Wednesday 19 Shawwal 788. - شخصیت
أبو زكريا اليفرني النحوي
Abu Zakariya Yahya ibn Ali al-Yafrini — the jurist-grammarian who argued against Ibn Hubaysh; born 641, nicknamed in the Mashriq 'the mountain of grammar,' a self-standing mujtahid who forbade marrying kitabi women (the Hanbali view against Malik), held divorce counted only twice against consensus, and kept idiosyncratic parses of Quranic loci; he died in 700. - شخصیت
اليمان بن رباب
A leading Kharijite scholar with classified works on their madhhabs — his brother 'Ali was a leading Rafidi; they met three days a year to debate and parted without a greeting. - شخصیت
اليسير بن رزام اليهودي
A Jew of Khaybar who was gathering Ghatafan to attack the Prophet; the Prophet sent Abdullah ibn Rawaha with a party who drew him toward Medina, and when he repented on the road and reached for the sword Abdullah ibn Unays killed him at al-Qarqara, six miles from Khaybar. - شخصیت
الزباء بنت عمرو
The queen who ruled from east Syria to the Euphrates on Rome's behalf from her seat at al-Mudhiq — she trapped and killed Jadhima, then fell to Qusayr's tunnel-and-sarcophagus ruse beneath her throne; she died, some say, sucking a poisoned ring, crying 'by my own hand, not Amr's'. - شخصیت
الظافر بالله إسماعيل بن الحافظ
Twelfth Ubaydid caliph, succeeding his father in 544; killed in 549, his boy al-Fa'iz raised as Egypt's power failed. - شخصیت
الزغل أبو عبد الله سلطان غرناطة
Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Sa'd, known as al-Zaghal ('the Valiant'), brother of sultan Abu al-Hasan — he held Malaga during the great Christian repulse of 888 (some 3,000 killed, 2,000 captured), then took sole rule when his brother, stricken by epilepsy and blindness, abdicated in his favour while his nephew Boabdil remained in captivity. - شخصیت
الظاهر بأمر الله محمد بن الناصر
Abbasid caliph [622–623], fifty-two at accession — 'who opens a shop after asr, what does he earn?' Ibn al-Athir: 'he showed a justice that revived the way of the two Umars; had it been said none ruled after Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz like him, it were true' — confiscated estates returned, tolls lifted, Ba'quba's eighty thousand back to ten, the treasury's heavy weight denounced with 'Woe to the defrauders', a hundred thousand of wronged money restored. 'Treasuries are not made to fill but to be spent in God's way'. Nine months, dying 13 Rajab 623. - شخصیت
الظاهر لإعزاز دين الله علي بن الحاكم
Ali ibn al-Hakim, seventh Ubaydid caliph as al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah; his rule weakened — Aleppo and most of Syria lost — and he died in 428, succeeded by his seven-year-old son al-Mustansir. - شخصیت
أبو إسحاق الزجاجي النحوي
al-Mubarrad's grammarian pupil — among those al-Mas'udi names as collectors of the Prophet's utterances. - شخصیت
الزمخشري
تقریباً مارچ 1075 عیسوی · 17 رجب 467 ھMahmud b. 'Umar al-Zamakhshari, the uncontested imam of tafsir, hadith, grammar and bayan — openly Mu'tazili, announcing himself at doors as 'Abu l-Qasim the Mu'tazili'; 'Jar Allah' for his years at Mecca; he walked on a wooden socket after losing a leg, carrying written attestations so none would think it cut for crime, and told al-Damaghani the cause was his mother's curse over a tethered sparrow. - شخصیت
الزبرقان بن بدر
A Tamimi notable and poet of Banu Bahdala of Sa'd who came among his people's chiefs to Medina in 9 AH and declaimed a boast before the Prophet; Hassan ibn Thabit answered him, al-Aqra' conceded the Muslims' superiority, and he accepted Islam; later sources make him sadaqa collector over part of Banu Sa'd. - شخصیت
الزبير بن عبد المطلب
One of the ten sons of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, and an uncle of the Prophet; chapter 5 gives only his name, and the book returns to him at the Fudul pact. - شخصیت
الزبير بن أحمد البصري
- شخصیت
الزبير بن بكار
Quraysh's historian-genealogist — author of the Nasab Quraysh cited for Talha's parentage and his mother al-Sa'ba's earlier marriage to Abu Sufyan. - شخصیت
علاء الدولة بن كاكويه
Ala al-Dawla ibn Kakuya, Daylamite king of Isfahan; he gave Sultan Mahmud ibn Subuktigin allegiance and the khutba in 420 AH, and when Mas'ud ibn Mahmud took Isfahan and left a lieutenant the townsfolk rose and killed him — he was amir of Rayy in 429 when the Ghuzz stormed it with plunder and massacre. - شخصیت
علاء الدين الحسين الغوري
Ala al-Din al-Husayn ibn al-Husayn, king of Ghor called Jahan-Suz the World-Burner; succeeding his martyred brother Suri he mastered Ghor's mountains and Firuzkuh, proclaimed Sanjar in the khutba, marched on Ghazna in 547 AH and burned it in vengeance for the brothers Bahramshah killed, took Balkh, fought and was captured by Sultan Sanjar who released him back to Firuzkuh — and when his power swelled his nephews Ghiyath al-Din and Shihab al-Din rose, defeated him, yet seated him back on the throne as their puppet until his death in 556, when Ghiyath al-Din took the realm. - شخصیت
علاء الدين تكش خوارزم شاه
- شخصیت
أدفنش ملك قشتالة (الطاغية)
Alfonso of Castile, called al-Taghiya in the Maghrebi chronicles; facing Sultan Abu al-Hasan al-Marini in the Tarifa campaign, his fleet won the Strait and cut the Muslim camp's supply, he gathered the Christian nations with Afonso of Portugal beside him, slipped a hidden force into Tarifa by night, and when battle joined in 741 the combined Maghreb-Andalus host broke in a great rout — the sultan's women and treasure falling into his hands. - شخصیت
علي بن محمد البريدي
Abu'l-Husayn the Baridi; he rose in 330, routed the caliph and Ibn Ra'iq to Mosul, and Baghdad and the palace were sacked — till Sayf al-Dawla crushed him near Mada'in and drove him to Wasit then Basra. - شخصیت
علي الهادي
The 'Alid raided at night on a slander and found alone in a hair-cloth house of sand and gravel chanting the verses of promise — then honoured by al-Mutawakkil after the 'Abbas riposte. - شخصیت
علي بن عبد الغني الفهري
1029 عیسوی · 420 ھA blind poet and reciter, born in al-Andalus, with the kunya Abu al-Hasan. - شخصیت
علي بن عبد الله العباسي
Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas; in al-Baladhuri, patron of the mawlas Mihlahil, Mujalid al-Sarawi and Maymun Abu Bishr — his son Muhammad renamed the mawla Yahya and freed him. - شخصیت
علي بن عبد الله بن العباس
Ibn Abbas's son and ancestor of the Abbasid caliphs — saved from the slave-oath at the Harra by his Kindi uncles and Rabi'a men, his own verses commemorating it. - شخصیت
علي بن أبي مقاتل
A mihna jurist who answered as Abu Hassan did — 'the Quran is God's speech, we hear and obey' — and al-Ma'mun's letter rebuked him for once telling the caliph 'you forbid and permit'. - شخصیت
علي بن أبي طالب
تقریباً 600 عیسویCousin and son-in-law of the Prophet and the fourth caliph (r. 656–661 CE); the first Imam in Shia tradition. - شخصیت
علي بن أبي طالب الأعمى
The blind poet whose elegy for siege-torn Baghdad — 'O Baghdad, house of kings, paradise on earth' — mourns the brother-war. - شخصیت
الأصبحي، أبو الحسين علي بن أحمد بن أسعد
1247 عیسوی · 644 ھA Yemeni jurist and hadith scholar from Ta'izz who excelled in Islamic jurisprudence, studied hadith, and was trained in fiqh by several teachers of his age. - شخصیت
علي بن الجهم
The poet; he recited to al-Mutawakkil while rolling two pearls, won one, then composed 'in Sur man Ra'a an imam of justice... his two hands in bounty are paired udders — the right gives nothing the left does not match' and won the second; he had also praised al-Wathiq. - شخصیت
علي بن الجنيد الإسكافي
Al-Mu'tasim's jester whose 'convey my regards to Sindan — I saw you before I saw him' reduced the caliph to helpless laughter. - شخصیت
علي بن بليق
An officer of Mu'nis; meeting the fleeing caliph he dismounted, kissed the ground and begged him to turn back — but the Maghariba and Berbers overtook and killed him. - شخصیت
عماد الدولة علي بن بويه
Son of the poor fisherman Buya — who dreamed fire issued from him filling the world, read as his sons ruling it. Mardawij's captain, sent to extract Karkh's money, he broke away in 322, beat the caliph's deputy and took Fars; he bargained with al-Radi — a yearly eight hundred million dirhams for what he held — received a banner and robes, then stalled on payment; he died at Shiraz in Jumada II 338 of a kidney ulcer. - شخصیت
علي بن غانية
Ibn Ghaniya's son, of the Majorca-Menorca-Iviza islands in the western sea; after his father's death in 580 he and his brother Yahya carried their famous wars and ravages through Ifriqiya, Ali living past 591. - شخصیت
علي بن حمود الناصر لدين الله
First Hammudid caliph of Cordoba, bay'a'd the day Sulayman al-Musta'in fell; his eight months of justice — beheading a Berber for a bunch of grapes and parading the head — turned to oppression when al-Murtada rose in the east, until Slav pages killed him in the bath on 1 Dhu'l-Qa'da 408. - شخصیت
علي بن هيثم
The noted Imami mutakallim whose 'fruit of affinity, sign of two souls commingled' opened Yahya's symposium on love. - شخصیت
علي بن هشام المروزي
al-Ma'mun's commander; in al-Baladhuri, sent against rebellious Qumm — killed its chief Yahya ibn Imran, razed its wall, and levied seven million dirhams plus increments. - شخصیت
علي بن عيسى الأسطرلابي
Ali ibn Isa the astrolabe-maker, one of the astrologers al-Mansur drew close as the first caliph to govern by the stars. - شخصیت
علي بن عيسى بن ماهان
Al-Amin's commander, given the mountain lands in 195; he marched with forty thousand to fight al-Ma'mun carrying a silver shackle for him, and was routed by Tahir ibn al-Husayn with under four thousand — slaughtered, his head paraded through Khurasan. - شخصیت
علي بن جعفر المديني
The traditionist Ibn al-Madini — dead at Samarra, Dhu'l-Hijja 234, aged seventy-two. - شخصیت
علي بن مهدي الحميري
Ali ibn Mahdi al-Himyari of al-Uthr on Zabid's coasts; raised in his father's piety, withdrawn in worship, he made the hajj, sat with Iraq's scholars and took preaching from their preachers — a memorizing, eloquent man whose foretellings of his own affairs came true, so the people inclined to him, his sermon-cry 'the time is near' pointing to his own rising; when Umm Fatik of Zabid died in 545 the mountain folk swore to him, his cause flared, he crushed the Najahids and took Zabid in 554 ending their house — and all Tihama, the mountains and Yemen passed from the Sulaymanids' hands into Banu Mahdi's. - شخصیت
أبو الحسن علي بن مزيد الأسدي
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Mazyad al-Asadi, chief of Banu Mazyad and founder of their fortune; seeking revenge for his brother Abu al-Ghana'im (killed 401 AH) he defeated Banu Dubays, slew Hasan and Nubhan and took the Dubaysi islands, Fakhr al-Dawla investing him with them save al-Tayyib and Qarqub — until Mudar ibn Dubays retook them; he died in 408 AH having in his lifetime settled the command on his son Dubays, whom the sultan of the state robed and licensed. - شخصیت
الأشموني، علي بن محمد بن عيسى
تقریباً 1435 عیسوی · تقریباً 838 ھ†A Shafi'i jurist of Cairo who memorized al-Nawawi's Minhaj, al-Subki's Jam' al-Jawami' and Ibn Malik's Alfiyya, and studied with many scholars of his age. - شخصیت
علي بن محمد الحماني العلوي
The 'Alawi poet of Himman — elegist of Yahya ibn 'Umar who sat out the fighting. - شخصیت
علي بن محمد المساكني
1669 عیسوی · 1080 ھA jurist and educator from Tunis, founder of a school at the end of the Husaynid period. - شخصیت
علي بن محمد بن سليمان النوفلي
Author of the Kitab al-Akhbar Mas'udi cites constantly for Alid and poetic reports — the one who judged 'taja'fart bismillah' beneath al-Sayyid's eloquence. - شخصیت
علي بن محمد التنوخي
891 عیسوی · 278 ھFrom the Tanukh tribe and father of Abu Ali al-Muhassin al-Tanukhi. His father's name was Dawud ibn Ibrahim ibn Tamim. - شخصیت
علي بن محمد بن بسام
The fearless satirist who lampooned even his own father and every vizier — al-Mu'tadid laughed off his 'cut out Ibn Bassam's tongue' jest. - شخصیت
علي بن رباح اللخمي
The Basran Lakhmi tabi'i born in the year of Yarmuk who served Abd al-Aziz b. Marwan, gave away Umm al-Banin to al-Walid, was posted to Ifriqiya in disgrace, and entered al-Andalus. - شخصیت
علي بن رسول التركماني
Ali ibn Rasul al-Turkmani, founder of the Rasulid state in Yemen; ustadh-dar of the Ayyubid al-Malik al-Mas'ud Yusuf ibn al-Kamil, left as his lieutenant when al-Mas'ud rode sick to Mecca — he deposed al-Mas'ud's son Musa al-Ashraf, took Yemen for himself while keeping the Kamil's da'wa and sending his brothers as hostages of obedience, then died in 629 AH leaving the throne to his son al-Mansur Umar. - شخصیت
علي بن رباب
A leading Rafidi scholar — brother and annual debate-partner of the Kharijite al-Yaman. - شخصیت
علي بن سليمان بن علي
Ali ibn Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas; in al-Baladhuri: while over the Jazira and Qinnasrin he founded Madinat al-Hadath in mud brick — named al-Muhammadiyya — and al-Mahdi died just at its completion in year 169, whence it is also al-Mahdiyya and al-Hamadiyya; Abu al-Khattab says he levied four thousand for it, settled them in it and transferred two thousand men from Malatya, Shimshat, Sumaysat, Kaysum, Duluk and Ra'ban; earlier, as governor of the Jazira, he had moved al-Raqqa's markets into the open space between it and al-Rafiqa; Musa al-Hadi removed him, appointing Muhammad ibn Ibrahim in his place. - شخصیت
علي بن يدر
Ali ibn Yadar of Banu Badas, kin of the Hintati vizier Abu Muhammad ibn Yunus; he fled into the Sus in open defiance in 651, fortifying Tiyunudin, taking Tazakht, winning the tribes' tribute and besieging the Almohad governor of Taroudant — the caliph al-Murtada executing the vizier Ibn Yunus for complicity in 652 — and routed Ibn Asnak's army; when the Marinids took Marrakesh in 668 he seized Taroudant, Ifri and the whole Sus until killed that year. - شخصیت
علي بن يحيى المنجم
The Banu'l-Munajjim astrologer — al-Muntasir quietly sent his servant round with the twenty thousand he lacked, never mentioning it again. - شخصیت
علي بن يقطين
Present at Masabadhan when the dream-voice recited the ruin verses — ten days later al-Mahdi was dead. - شخصیت
علي بن يوسف بن تاشفين
Ali ibn Yusuf, Almoravid emir; Ibn Tumart publicly rebuked him in the Marrakesh mosque — the astrologer-executioner Malik b. Wuhayb had foretold the man and the emir hunted him in vain. - شخصیت
علي بن زيد العلوي
An Alid who rose in Kufa in 255 AH together with Isa ibn Ja'far al-Alawi. Al-Mu'tazz sent Sa'id ibn Salih al-Hajib against them, and the two Alids were defeated as their followers scattered. - شخصیت
علي مبارك
1823 عیسوی · 1238 ھ†Ali Mubarak Pasha (1823–1893 CE) — the self-made engineer-minister who founded Egypt's Dar al-Kutub and wrote the twenty-volume al-Khitat al-Tawfiqiyya on Maqrizi's model. - شخصیت
علي بن الحسين السجاد
al-Sajjad, al-Husayn's surviving son — spared the slave-bay'a at the Harra; Musrif who cursed his fathers rose trembling at his prayer, seated him beside himself, and confessed 'my heart was filled with dread of him'. - شخصیت
علان الشعوبي
Allan al-Shu'ubi, a Persian-descended traditionist and genealogist, who copied in the House of Wisdom for al-Rashid, al-Ma'mun and the Barmakids, as Ibn al-Nadim records. - شخصیت
ألب أرسلان عضد الدولة بن جغري بك
تقریباً 1033 عیسوی · تقریباً 424 ھSecond Seljuk sultan, succeeding his uncle Tughrul in 455 with al-Qa'im's investiture; al-Dhahabi: the first called 'sultan' on Baghdad's minbars, he reached what no king had reached, opened many Christian lands, and took Nizam al-Mulk as vizier — who ended his predecessor's cursing of the Ash'aris, championed the Shafi'is, honoured Imam al-Haramayn and al-Qushayri, and built the Nizamiyya, 'said to be the first school built for the jurists'. He died of Yushk the Khwarizmian fortress-keeper's knife at Barbar on the Jihun in 465, entrusting the realm to Malikshah and Nizam al-Mulk; he never saw Baghdad though it lay within his kingdom, and it was he who domed Abu Hanifa's grave. - شخصیت
علقمة بن مجزز المدلجي
A companion whom the Prophet sent in Rabi' al-Akhir 9 AH with three hundred men against Abyssinian raiders gathered for piracy near the Jeddah coast; he crossed the sea to their island and they fled before him. - شخصیت
علقمة بن قيس النخعي
- شخصیت
علقمة بن صفوان الكناني
Alqama ibn Safwan al-Kinani, Marwan's maternal grandfather — waylaid at the wall of Harman by the half-man jinn Shiqq; they exchanged verse then blows and both fell dead, whence the saying that the jinn killed Alqama. - شخصیت
أمة بنت خالد بن سعيد
Daughter of Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As and Amina bint Khalf, born in the land of Abyssinia. - شخصیت
عامر بن الوَقاص
A Companion of Banu Zuhra; he emigrated to Abyssinia and arrived in the two ships. - شخصیت
أمين الدين ياقوت الكاتب الموصلي
The Mosuli calligrapher and Ibn al-Athir's own friend — 'none in his time wrote near him, and none rendered Ibn al-Bawwab's manner like him'; a man of many virtues and universal praise, dead 618. - شخصیت
أمين الخولي
1895 عیسوی · 1313 ھBorn in Sharshay, a village in the Minufiya province of Egypt. - شخصیت
أمينة بنت خلف
Wife of Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As; she emigrated with him to Abyssinia and bore him Sa'id and Ama there. - شخصیت
آمنة بنت وهب
The Prophet's mother, of the Zuhra clan; she took her six-year-old son to Yathrib to visit his father's grave, fell ill on the road home, and died at al-Abwa between Mecca and Medina. - شخصیت
عامر الشعبي
- شخصیت
عامر بن الأضبط الأشجعي
A man of Ashja' who passed Ibn Abi Hadrad's detachment at Batn Idam on his camel with his goods and a skin of milk, gave the greeting of Islam and was killed by Muhallim ibn Jaththama; Uyayna ibn Hisn claimed his blood before the Prophet at Hunayn and blood-money was accepted; Qur'an 4:94 was revealed about the case according to Ibn Abi Hadrad. - شخصیت
عامر بن الطفيل
Chief and horseman of Banu Amir ibn Sa'sa'a, remembered as the betrayer of the Bi'r Ma'una envoys; within the 9 AH delegation he plotted with Arbad ibn Qays to strike the Prophet and died shortly after of a throat swelling. - شخصیت
عامر بن فهيرة
Abu Bakr's freedman who grazed a gift flock over the cave of Thawr each evening to feed the fugitives and erase Abdullah's tracks, then travelled with them to Medina and wrote Suraqa's letter of safe-conduct. - شخصیت
عامر بن إسماعيل المذحجي
The man who killed Marwan at Busir — stayed from the women's church by the servant sworn to behead them as Marwan had ordered. - شخصیت
عمار بن أبي الخصيب
Ammar ibn Abi al-Khasib; the builder who executed the congregational mosque of al-Mahdi's al-Muhammadiyya at Rayy — his name inscribed on its wall — in the building dated 158 AH. - شخصیت
عمّار بن ياسر
Son of Yasir and Sumayya, a client of Banu Makhzum; he was tortured with his parents and heard the Prophet promise them Paradise — his inclusion among the eighty-three of the second Abyssinian migration is doubtful in the sources. - شخصیت
عمرو الرومي
Amr al-Rumi, al-Hadi's mawla; he administered Madinat Musa at Qazwin and the Rustamabadh endowment, succeeded by his son Muhammad ibn Amr. - شخصیت
عمرو بن عبد الله الضبابي
A member of the Banu al-Harith ibn Ka'b delegation that came with Khalid ibn al-Walid in 10 AH; the editors, following al-Suhayli, vocalise his nisba al-Dibabi with kasra for Banu al-Harith. - شخصیت
عمرو بن عدي اللخمي
The first Lakhmid king of al-Hira, appointed after Jadhima al-Abrash’s death in the reign of Shapur son of Ardashir; from him the Lakhmid kings succeeded each other until Khosrow replaced them with Persian governors. - شخصیت
عمرو بن الأهتم التميمي
A poet of Banu Minqar of Tamim; he came in the Tamim delegation of 9 AH as its youngest member and was left with the mounts, Qays ibn Asim belittled him before the Prophet, who gave him the same gift as the others, and he lampooned Qays in two verses; in Umar's caliphate he carried the news of the Rayshahr victory, as al-Baladhuri relates. - شخصیت
عمرو بن العاص
تقریباً 573 عیسویA Meccan diplomat who opposed the Muslims until 629–630, then converted and became the commander who conquered Egypt — and later Mu'awiya's chief ally in the first civil war. - شخصیت
عمرو بن الحارث أبو أمية
- شخصیت
عمرو بن الحارث الجرهمي
The Jurhumite who, when Jurhum was driven from Mecca, carried off the Kaaba's two gazelles and the Black Stone and buried them in the well of Zamzam, then led his people to Yemen and composed the famous lament for Mecca; not to be confused with the elder Mudad ibn Amr, Ismail's father-in-law, in Ibn Ishaq's account as cited by al-Raheeq al-Makhtum. - شخصیت
عمرو بن الجموح
A chief of the Ansar from Banu Salima, who kept a wooden idol in his house until he embraced Islam, after the young men of his clan threw it repeatedly into the dung pits; Ibn al-Kalbi says he was the last of the Ansar to become Muslim; the Prophet told Banu Salima 'rather, your chief is Amr ibn al-Jamuh', and he gave the wedding feast when the Prophet married; he was killed at Uhud. - شخصیت
عمرو بن المنذر المحرق
Amr ibn al-Mundhir the Lakhmid, called al-Muharriq 'the burner' for burning ninety-nine men of Banu Darim at the second day of Awara and completing his hundred with the Burajim passer-by — whence the proverb. - شخصیت
عمرو بن النعمان البياضي
Khazraj commander on the day of Bu'ath — though Ibn Hazm makes their chief that day al-Nu'man's father Ruhayla ibn Tha'laba al-Bayadi; he swore never to wash his head until he brought the Jews of Yathrib down to the dwellings of Qurayza and al-Nadir and killed their hostages, and when the hosts met 'Abdallah ibn Ubayy told him he would be carried off slain on four men's hands — he disobeyed, fell, and was borne in by four as foretold. - شخصیت
عمرو بن عامر مزيقياء
Amr ibn Amir, called Muzayqiya — last holder of the leadership over Qahtan's sons when the 'Arim flood scattered them through the lands; his stay at the Ghassan water gave the tribe its name, and his years are put at eight hundred. - شخصیت
عمرو بن عنبسة
The Companion reckoned third to accept Islam — after Abu Bakr and Bilal — in one of the 'first Muslim' views. - شخصیت
عمرو بن بكر التميمي
A Tamimi Khariji of the Meccan pact; he took Amr ibn al-As for himself, but struck down another man leading the prayer whom he mistook for Amr — Amr survived. - شخصیت
عمرو بن بلال الأسدي
An Asadite who reconciled Abd al-Malik with 'Atika through a feigned blood-feud plea, rewarded a thousand dinars, an estate and pensions for his sons. - شخصیت
عمرو بن دينار
666 عیسوی · 46 ھOne of the senior Successors, and the shaykh of the Meccan sanctuary in his time; among the great transmitters of hadith. - شخصیت
عمرو بن هانئ العبسي
Amr ibn Hani' al-Absi; al-Hajjaj sent him with Damascenes against the Kurds who had ravaged in Ibn al-Ash'ath's days — he routed them and killed many — then ordered him against Daylam with twelve thousand. - شخصیت
عمرو بن حارث
A Qurashi youth; in al-Baladhuri he bought the two jewel baskets of Nihawand's spoils for the warriors' shares, sold one at al-Hira for the price of both, and kept the other — his first capital. - شخصیت
عمرو بن حزم
An Ansari, brother of Umara ibn Hazm; he took part in al-Khandaq and later campaigns, and the Prophet appointed him over Najran; his son Muhammad narrated from him a letter the Prophet wrote for him on the obligations, zakat and blood-money, which Abu Dawud, al-Nasa'i, Ibn Hibban and al-Darimi record; Abu Nu'aym says he died under Umar, while Ibn Hajar judges it likelier that he lived past the fifties AH. - شخصیت
عمرو بن هند
Amr ibn Hind al-Lakhmi, king of al-Hira, surnamed Mudarrat al-Hijara for the fierceness of his rule — his mother Hind a daughter of the Kinda house; he sent his Taghlibi uncles' own war-band against them, and died by his own sword when Amr ibn Kulthum heard his mother Layla's cry of insult in the royal tent. - شخصیت
عمرو بن حمام بن الجموح
The fourth of the Weepers, brother of Banu Salama; Ibn Ishaq lists him among those who begged the Prophet for mounts on the Tabuk campaign when he found nothing to carry them on. - شخصیت
عمرو بن حريث المخزومي
A Makhzumi of Kufa; in al-Baladhuri he built in its mosque, and Ziyad deputized him over Kufa when he went to Basra. - شخصیت
عمرو بن جهم
Son of Jahm ibn Qays; he accompanied his father to Abyssinia and arrived with him in the two ships. - شخصیت
عمرو بن جرموز التميمي
al-Zubayr's killer at Wadi'l-Siba' — 'lead me or I'll lead you' in prayer, then struck mid-salah; he brought the head and sword to Ali expecting favour and heard instead 'tell Ibn Safiyya's killer of the Fire' — and penned his own regret: 'I came with al-Zubayr's head hoping nearness, and was given the Fire for a greeting'. - شخصیت
عمرو بن خارجة
A Companion whom Attab ibn Asid sent to the Prophet on an errand while he stood at Arafat in the Farewell Pilgrimage; he stood under the Prophet's camel with its foam falling on his head and heard him say that no bequest is valid for an heir, the child belongs to the bed and the adulterer gets the stone; Ibn Ishaq has it from Layth ibn Abi Sulaym from Shahr ibn Hawshab from him. - شخصیت
عمرو بن كلثوم
Amr ibn Kulthum of Taghlib, jahili poet and Mu'allaqa author, son of Layla bint Muhalhil and nephew of Kulayb; he killed King Amr ibn Hind for insulting his mother, and answered the Ghassanid al-Harith's threat — 'no people ever woke save to their own counsel's shafts; do not wake the sleeper' — then routed him and slew his brother. - شخصیت
عمرو بن معد يكرب
The famous poet and horseman of Zubayd; in Ibn Ishaq's account he came to the Prophet with the delegation of Zubayd and embraced Islam, he left Islam after the Prophet's death, was captured and returned to it, and fought well at al-Qadisiyya; whether he met the Prophet is disputed. - شخصیت
عمرو بن مسعدة
The wazir whose estate alone al-Ma'mun seized at his death in 217. - شخصیت
عمرو بن ميمون الأودي
a witness of Umar's stabbing — his account: the two-pointed dagger, thirteen wounded six dead, the thrown cloth, the suicide — and Umar's last counsels. - شخصیت
عمرو بن محمد بن القاسم
Amr ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qasim; al-Hakam ibn Awana's trusted deputy — raiding from al-Mahfuza he built al-Mansura below the lake, the governors' seat. - شخصیت
عمرو بن مسلم الباهلي
Amr ibn Muslim al-Bahili, Qutayba's brother; his governor of Sijistan under al-Walid — his demand for arrears drew Rutbil's answer that only al-Hajjaj's 'urud was due, and brought Qutayba himself to the frontier. - شخصیت
عمرو بن سعيد بن العاص
A Companion of Banu Abd Shams; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his wife Fatima bint Safwan, arrived in the two ships, and was killed at Ajnadayn in Abu Bakr's caliphate. - شخصیت
عمرو بن سالم الخزاعي
A man of Banu Ka'b of Khuza'a who stood before the Prophet in the Medina mosque and recited his famous plea for help after the al-Watir attack — 'that which stirred the conquest of Mecca', in Ibn Ishaq's words. - شخصیت
عمرو بن عبيد أبو عثمان
Amr ibn Ubayd ibn Bab, mawla of Banu Tamim, Abu Uthman — shaykh of the Mu'tazila beside Wasil ibn Ata'; his exchanges with al-Mansur are recorded, and he died in al-Mansur's reign in 144 or 145. - شخصیت
عمرو بن أمية
An emigrant of Banu Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza who died in the land of Abyssinia; not to be confused with Amr ibn Umayya al-Damri, whom the Prophet sent to the Negus. - شخصیت
عمرو بن أمية الضمري
A prominent scout and courier Companion from Banu Damra; captured at Bi'r Ma'una and freed by Amir ibn al-Tufayl, he brought the tragic news to the Prophet in Medina; later dispatched as the Prophet's diplomatic envoy carrying his letter to the Negus of Abyssinia. - شخصیت
عمرو بن عتبة الزاهد
Amr ibn Utba the Ascetic; he campaigned with Utba ibn Farqad al-Sulami in Azerbaijan when its borderlands breached. - شخصیت
عمرو بن عتبة بن نوفل
Amr ibn Utba ibn Nawfal of Banu Zuhra, his mother Atika bint Abi Waqqas; per al-Kalbi, Sa'd's appointee over the people at Jalula. - شخصیت
عمرو بن عثمان بن عفان
Uthman's son — one of the two envoys carrying Abd al-Malik's aman to Ibn al-Zubayr at Mecca, which Ibn al-Zubayr refused. - شخصیت
عمرو بن عثمان
Of Banu Taym ibn Murra; he emigrated to Abyssinia and was killed at al-Qadisiyya with Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas. - شخصیت
عمرو بن زرارة بن عدس
of Mudar's lands, learned the script from Bishr — he is called Amr the Scribe. - شخصیت
عمرة بنت السعدي
Wife of Malik ibn Rabi'a, of Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy; she emigrated with him to Abyssinia. - شخصیت
أنس بن أبي مرثد الغنوي
A companion of Ghaniy who volunteered to stand night watch over the Muslim camp on the eve of the battle of Hunayn. - شخصیت
أنس بن النضر الأنصاري الخزرجي
An Ansari Companion of the Khazraj, uncle of Anas ibn Malik the Prophet's servant. He missed the fighting at Badr and longed for martyrdom in the next battle. At Uhud, when the Muslims scattered and some said the Messenger had been killed, he urged the falterers on, saying: 'what will you do with life after him?' He went on fighting until he met Sa'd ibn Mu'adh and said: 'alas for the breeze of Paradise, Sa'd — I catch it below Uhud!' He fought until he was killed; more than eighty wounds were found on him — spear-thrusts, sword-blows and arrow-shots — and his sister knew him only by his fingertips. - شخصیت
أنس بن مالك
The servant of the Prophet and one of the most prolific narrators from him; he was ten when the Prophet reached Medina and his mother Umm Sulaym brought him to serve him; after the conquests he settled in Basra, where he was the last Companion to die, with his death given between 90 and 93 AH. - شخصیت
أنس بن زنيم
Anas ibn Zunaym; riding with Abu al-Aswad and Fil — he posed the bathhouse riddle 'two-thirds of Fil's bath: by your father, Kisra's bath is naught'. - شخصیت
عنترة العبسي
'Abs's celebrated slave-born knight-poet — counted by 'Amr ibn Ma'dikarib among the four men he would fear to meet. - شخصیت
أنوشتكين الدزبري
Anushtakin al-Dizbiri, commander of the Fatimid caliph al-Zahir's armies to Syria; his authority reached Ascalon where he faced Hasan ibn Mufarrij and the Kilabis, then al-Zahir dispatched him in 429 AH against Salih ibn Mirdas and Hasan — he met them at the Jordan by Tiberias, routed them, and killed Salih and his younger son. - شخصیت
أبرويز مرزبان زرنج
Aparwiz, marzban of Zaranj; sent to seek aman, al-Rabi' seated him on a corpse and leaned on another, his companions likewise — awed, he truced for a thousand slave-youths each bearing a gold cup. - شخصیت
آق شمس الدين
1389 عیسوی · 792 ھAq Shams al-Din (1389–1459) — Mehmed II's tutor and 'spiritual conqueror of Constantinople': a Damascene who memorised the Qur'an at seven, studied across Amasya, Aleppo and Ankara, convinced the young prince he was the man of the hadith, and — when the war council despaired mid-siege — answered with the letter that held the army together: 'the servant plans and God decrees'. - شخصیت
آق سنقر البرسقي
Aq Sunqur al-Bursuqi — atabeg of Mosul and crusade-fighter, assassinated by the Batinis in 1126 while at prayer in Mosul's Great Mosque; Ibn al-Athir calls him the best of governors. - شخصیت
عقيل بن أبي طالب
Aqil ibn Abi Talib; one of Quraysh's tongues Umar called with Makhrama and Jubayr to write the people by their ranks — they opened with Banu Hashim. - شخصیت
قسيم الدولة أقسنقر
Qasim al-Dawla Aqsunqur, Malikshah's amir of Aleppo and ancestor of Nur al-Din al-Adil's line; after Malikshah's death he yielded Aleppo, then met Tutush a few parasangs from the city, was routed, brought in captive and killed cold-bloodedly — his men took their revenge in Tutush's own killing at Rayy in 488 AH. - شخصیت
أربد بن قيس
A leader of Banu Amir, maternal half-brother of the poet Labid, who circled behind the Prophet and half-drew his sword during the 9 AH delegation; the tradition says his hand was stayed, and lightning struck him dead on the way home. - شخصیت
أردة بنت الحارث
Arda bint al-Harith ibn Kallada, Utba ibn Ghazwan's wife; she goaded the men at the al-Furat city fight with her verse 'if they rout you, you'll enter us uncircumcised'. - شخصیت
أرطغرل
Ertuğrul (d. 1299) — Osman's father: fled the Mongol invasion west with a hundred families and four hundred riders, tipped a losing Seljuk–Byzantine battle to the Muslim side, and was enfeoffed on the Rum marches — the seed of the Ottoman state. - شخصیت
أرتق بن أكسك
Artuq ibn Aksak, a mamluk of Sultan Malikshah ibn Alp Arslan held in high esteem in their state; set over Hillwan and the Iraqi marches, he was sent in the 477 AH army against Mosul under Fakhr al-Dawla ibn Jahir, was defeated and besieged by Muslim ibn Quraysh at Amid, then joined Tutush — beaten by him yet acquitting himself well — interceded for Aleppo's defender Ibn al-Husayn, and died in Jerusalem in 483 leaving his sons Abu al-Ghazi and Sukman to succeed him. - شخصیت
أروى بنت عبد المطلب
An aunt of the Prophet; she was married to Umayr ibn Wahb and bore Tulayb, then to Kalda ibn Abd Manaf and bore Arwa; Ibn Ishaq says none of the Prophet's aunts embraced Islam except Safiyya, and Ibn Hajar answers with Arwa's story, her embracing Islam after her son Tulayb did. - شخصیت
أرباط
The commander of the seventy-thousand Abyssinian force which, armed with a Roman fleet, occupied Yemen in 525 CE; he governed for the Negus until Abraha, one of his own generals, assassinated him and ruled in his place. - شخصیت
أسد الدين شيركوه
Nur al-Din's amir; his expeditions of 562 and 564 beat Franks and Egyptians, won him the vizierate from al-Adid — and death sixty-five days later, his nephew succeeding. - شخصیت
أسد السنة
Egyptian hadith transmitter of the second century AH. - شخصیت
أسد بن عبد الله القسري
Brother of Khalid ibn Abdallah al-Qasri; in al-Baladhuri he founded the village called Suq Asad with its market and moved people into it — his camp, when he marched to Khurasan as governor, was by that market. - شخصیت
أسعد بن يعفر
Lord of Kahlan castle and Yemen's mikhlafs in 332 AH, the dominant power there — dissuaded by Yahya ibn al-Husayn from rebuilding Ghumdan, destined for a Sabaean youth. - شخصیت
أسعد بن زرارة
A distinguished chief of the Banu al-Najjar clan of the Khazraj in Yathrib; one of the six pioneers who embraced Islam at al-Aqaba in 620 CE, leader of the Yathrib delegates, and the naqib of Banu al-Najjar at the Second Pledge of Aqaba. - شخصیت
أسفار بن شيرويه الجبلي
The non-Muslim Daylamite who took Rayy and Qazvin, wrecked mosques, taxed every head a dinar, and was slaughtered by Mardawij. - شخصیت
أعشى همدان
A'sha Hamdan the poet; in Salm ibn Ziyad's army to Khujanda, defeated — his verses lamenting his horse and his own bloodied fall. - شخصیت
أبو هانئ الأشعث بن عبد الملك الحمراني
- شخصیت
أشناس التركي
al-Mu'tasim's mawla; in al-Baladhuri given Qasr al-Rashid at al-Qatul, then settled with his attached commanders at Karkh Fayruz in Sur man Ra'a. - شخصیت
أشجع السلمي
The elegist whose 'a Barmakid blade struck down by a Hashimi blade' Mas'udi singled out among the mourning odes. - شخصیت
الملك الأشرف ممهد الدين عمر بن يوسف
Al-Malik al-Ashraf Mumahhid al-Din Umar ibn al-Muzaffar Yusuf, fourth Rasulid king of Yemen; succeeding his father in 694 AH, his brother Dawud, wali of al-Shihr, claimed the throne — al-Ashraf's army broke and imprisoned him, and the reign lasted until his slave-girl poisoned him to death in 696 after twenty months. - شخصیت
أشرس بن عوف
Ashras ibn Awf of Shayban; the Persian defector walked him across Dujayl's stone weir up into Tustar and showed him Hurmuzan — the way the Muslims entered the city. - شخصیت
أسيد بن المتشمس
Asid ibn al-Mutashammis — or, some say, al-Ahnaf's nephew; left over Balkh after its sulh, he levied its settlement. - شخصیت
أسيد بن زافر السلمي
Asid ibn Zafir al-Sulami, Abu Yazid; he guided Marwan ibn Muhammad into the Khazar land by way of Bab al-Lan, the mountain kings accompanying him from the Bab wa-l-Abwab side. - شخصیت
عاصم أو ابن عاصم التميمي
Asim, or Ibn Asim, of Banu Tamim; the first to call Sijistan's people to the Kharijite view. - شخصیت
عاصم بن عبد الله الهلالي
Asim ibn Abdallah ibn Yazid al-Hilali; Hisham's governor of Khurasan after al-Junayd's death at Marw. - شخصیت
عاصم بن عدي
Brother of Ma'n ibn Adi, of Banu al-Ajlan; Ibn Ishaq mentions him as a possible alternative to Ma'n in the report of the demolition of Masjid al-Dirar. - شخصیت
عاصم بن مرة
son of Murra ibn Ali al-Rudhayni; in al-Baladhuri, from whom Sisar was taken under al-Ma'mun, returning to the caliphal estates. - شخصیت
عاصم بن قيس بن الصلت السلمي
Asim ibn Qays ibn al-Salt al-Sulami; Abu Musa's governor of conquered Manadhir. - شخصیت
عاصم بن ثابت
A prominent warrior and archer of the Aws who fought at Badr and Uhud; chosen as commander of the ten scouts sent in the Expedition of al-Raji' in 4 AH, where he refused surrender and fought until martyrdom; God sent a swarm of wasps to shield his body from desecration by Quraysh. - شخصیت
عاصم بن عمر بن قتادة
Asim ibn Umar ibn Qatada al-Zafari — Medinan Ansari whose grandfather fought at Badr; Umar II ordered him to teach maghazi in the Damascus mosque; a source for Ibn Ishaq and al-Waqidi. - شخصیت
آسية امرأة فرعون
Pharaoh's wife who raised Musa — counted by the Prophet among the perfected women. - شخصیت
أسماء بنت أبي بكر
تقریباً 595 عیسویAbu Bakr's elder daughter, who carried provisions to the two fugitives in the cave of Thawr and split her girdle in two to tie the food bag — hence her byname Dhat al-Nitaqayn, 'she of the two girdles'. - شخصیت
أسماء بنت مرثد
An Ansari woman of Banu Haritha; Abu Umar mentions her and says her hadith is not sound because Haram ibn Uthman, who is weak in everyone's view, is alone in narrating it; Ibn Sa'd says she embraced Islam and pledged and that her husband was al-Dahhak ibn Khalifa. - شخصیت
عصماء بنت مروان
A woman of Banu Umayya ibn Zayd married to Yazid ibn Zayd of Banu Khatma, with five grown sons; Ibn Ishaq says she showed hypocrisy after Abu Afak's killing and composed verses reviling Islam and its people and inciting against the Prophet, which Hassan answered; Umayr ibn Adi al-Khatmi killed her at night in her house after the Prophet said 'is there no one to deal with the daughter of Marwan for me?' - شخصیت
أسماء بنت عميس
Companion, wife of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib. When Ja'far was killed at Mu'tah the Prophet visited her home, asked for Ja'far's children, smelled them and wept, then told her of his martyrdom. - شخصیت
أسماء بنت يزيد بن السكن
A Companion of Banu Abd al-Ashhal, cousin of Mu'adh ibn Jabal, known by the kunya Umm Salama and called 'the orator of the women'; she gave her pledge to the Prophet among a group of women, was at al-Yarmuk, and killed nine Byzantines with a tent pole there and lived on for a long time. - شخصیت
عطاء الخراساني
تقریباً 670 عیسوی · 50 ھ - شخصیت
عطاء بن أبي رباح
- شخصیت
عطاء بن السائب الخشل
Ata ibn al-Sa'ib, Banu al-Layth's mawla, called al-Khashl; he ruined Balkh's Nawbahar in Qays ibn al-Haytham's campaign and built the three-river 'Qanatir Ata' a farsakh from the city. - شخصیت
عطاء بن يسار
Maymuna's mawla, Abu Muhammad — died 103 at eighty-four. - شخصیت
عاتكة بنت عبد المطلب
An aunt of the Prophet and wife of Abu Umayya ibn al-Mughira, the father of Umm Salama, to whom she bore Abdullah and Quraiba; known for the dream she had three nights before Badr. Whether she embraced Islam is disputed. - شخصیت
عاتكة بنت مرة السلمية
Hashim ibn Abd Manaf's mother: Atika bint Murra of Banu Sulaym — one of the three Sulami 'Atikas among the Prophet's grandmothers. - شخصیت
عاتكة بنت يخلد القرشية
Atika bint Yakhluḍ ibn al-Nadr ibn Kinana — the senior Qurashi 'Atika in the chain of the Prophet's ancestresses. - شخصیت
عاتكة بنت يزيد بن معاوية
Yazid's daughter and Abd al-Malik's dearest wife — reconciled by 'Amr ibn Bilal's feigned blood-plea, then 'woe to the matchmaker, he only tricked me'. - شخصیت
عاتكة بنت زيد بن عمرو
Sa'id ibn Zayd's sister and al-Zubayr's wife — her elegy on Ibn Jurmuz's treachery: 'Had you roused him you'd have found no trembling heart, no shaking hand'. - شخصیت
أتسز بن أوق الخوارزمي
Atsiz ibn Uwaq al-Khwarizmi — Alp Arslan's commander who took Ramla and Jerusalem from the Fatimids, though Ascalon held out. - شخصیت
عتّاب بن أسيد
تقریباً 610 عیسویA young Umayyad Qurashi companion whom the Prophet appointed over Mecca when he marched to Hunayn in Shawwal 8 AH and confirmed as its governor on his return through al-Ji'rana; the Prophet teased his youth, and Attab administered the city and led its pilgrimage in the Prophet's lifetime. - شخصیت
عوف بن الحارث (ابن عفراء)
He is Awf ibn Afra', brother of Mu'adh and Mu'awwidh, of Banu al-Najjar; he was at Badr and asked the Prophet that day what makes the Lord laugh at His servant, and he answered that it is to see him plunge his hand into the fight without armour, so he took off his armour, went forward and fought until he was killed as a martyr. - شخصیت
عوف بن مالك الأشجعي
A Companion of Ashja'; he tells of himself that in the Dhat al-Salasil campaign, travelling with Abu Bakr and Umar, he passed people who had slaughtered a camel and could not divide it, divided it for a share which he brought to his companions to eat; Abu Bakr and Umar rebuked him and vomited what they had eaten, and when he was the first to reach the Prophet, the Prophet said to him 'the man of the camel?' and nothing more. - شخصیت
عون بن جمدة المخزومي
Awn ibn Jamda ibn Hubayra al-Makhzumi; in Abu Mikhnaf's account Ali's man to Sijistan, killed by the Ta'i bandit Buhadali on the Iraq road. - شخصیت
أوس بن خولي
a literate Ansari of the kamil who joined writing, archery and swimming. - شخصیت
أوس بن ثعلبة
Aws ibn Tha'laba ibn Ruqi of Taym Allah, a Khurasan notable who bore great charges there — Qasr Aws at Basra bears his name — and passing Palmyra he mocked its two idols 'you two maidens of Tadmur's folk, how long you have wearied standing'. He led Ibn Amir's army to Herat; Rabi'a rallied to him there, Ibn Khazim marched on him and had him poisoned — ailing, he took a wound in the battle and died of it days later. - شخصیت
أعين مولى سعد
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas's mawla; in al-Baladhuri Kufa's Hammam A'yan is named for him — the man al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf sent to the defecting Abdallah ibn al-Jarud al-Abdi of Rustuqubadh, who answered 'were you not a messenger I'd kill you.' - شخصیت
أيمن بن عبيد
The son of Barakah (Umm Ayman, the Prophet's nursemaid) and half-brother of Usama ibn Zayd; an Ethiopian-Arab Muslim who remained steadfast around the Prophet when the lines broke at Hunayn and fell fighting as a martyr. - شخصیت
عياش بن أبي ربيعة
Nicknamed 'the man of the two spears', of Banu Makhzum and a cousin of Khalid ibn al-Walid; one of the earliest Muslims who made both emigrations, until Abu Jahl tricked him into returning to Mecca where he was held, and the Prophet prayed for him in the qunut as the two collections report; he died in Syria in 15 AH on one account, and others say he fell at al-Yamama or al-Yarmuk. - شخصیت
أيوب
The prophet of patience: bathing unclothed when golden locusts rained on him, he answered his Lord 'yes, by Your might, but I cannot do without Your blessing'. - شخصیت
أيوب السختياني
- شخصیت
أيوب بن حبيب اللخمي
- شخصیت
أيوب بن رزاح (يوتاب)
Yutab — Job son of Razah — whom al-Mas'udi lists as second Yemenite king of Syria; after the Romans prevailed over his realm his people scattered through the lands. - شخصیت
أزهر السمان
Al-Mansur's old Umayyad-era study-friend whose annual visits under ever-thinner pretexts ended with the caliph's surrender: 'you have exhausted my stratagems — come whenever you wish'. - شخصیت
الأزهري محمد بن أحمد
A lexicographer and man of letters from Herat, a Shafi'i. He studied jurisprudence first, then became known for the Arabic language; his best-known work is Tahdhib al-Lugha. - شخصیت
باد الكردي الحسين بن دوشك
Bad al-Kurdi, named Husayn ibn Dushk, kunyas Abu Abd Allah or Abu Shuja'; founder of Marwanid rule in Diyar Bakr — he seized Mosul and Diyar Bakr, disputing them with the Daylamites, then coveted Mosul itself, marched on it, and was defeated and killed in battle by the two sons of Nasir al-Dawla, his sister's son Abu Ali ibn Marwan succeeding him. - شخصیت
باذان
The last Persian governor (marzban) of Sanaa; his conversion to Islam in 638 CE ended Persian rule over Yemen. - شخصیت
بديع الزمان الهمذاني
Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadhani, inventor of the maqama — his letters are proverbial ('a guest's company palls when his stay runs long'); he died at Herat in 398, poisoned or, as trustworthy men told, buried too hastily after apoplexy and found in his grave clutching his beard. - شخصیت
بدر الدين الزركشي
Badr al-Din Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Zarkashi al-Shafi'i, d. AH 794 — author of I'lam al-Sajid bi-Ahkam al-Masajid. - شخصیت
بدر الدين لؤلؤ صاحب الموصل
- شخصیت
بدر بن حسنويه
Abu'l-Najm Badr ibn Hasanwayh; the son Adud al-Dawla singled out and strengthened among the brothers in 369 till he ruled the Kurdish marches soundly. - شخصیت
باغر التركي
One of the Turks who did for al-Mutawakkil; Wasif and Bugha killed him in 251, whereupon the Turks turned on al-Musta'in and he fled from Samarra down to Baghdad. - شخصیت
بهاء الدولة أبو نصر بن عضد الدولة
Abu Nasr ibn Adud al-Dawla; on Sharaf al-Dawla's death al-Ta'i' came condoling, then invested him — seven robes, black turban, collar, bracelets, sword-bearers before him — as Baha' al-Dawla wa-Diya' al-Milla. In 381 his men dragged al-Ta'i' from the throne, wrapped him in a cloak and made him depose himself for al-Qadir. - شخصیت
بهاء الدين سام البامياني
Nephew of both Ghurid sultans and lord of Bamiyan — seized Balkh in 594 on its tribute-lord's death, cut the Qara Khitai's yearly payment and raised the khutba for Ghiyath al-Din. - شخصیت
بهاء الدين قراقوش
Salah al-Din's amir, set over the building of Cairo's great wall in 572 — 29,300 Hashimi cubits round. - شخصیت
بحيرا الراهب
The Christian monk of Busra who, on Abu Talib's caravan stopping there, recognized the boy Muhammad by 'the seal of prophethood' between his shoulder blades, as recorded in his books, and advised returning him to Mecca. - شخصیت
باحثة البادية
1886 عیسوی · 1303 ھ†Malak Hifni Nasif, 'Bahithat al-Badiya' (1886–1918 CE) — 'the foremost accomplished Muslim woman of her age', whose al-Nisa'iyyat essays argued women's education; she died with Huquq al-Nisa' unfinished. - شخصیت
بهمن بن اسفنديار
Bahman son of Isfandiyar of the Kayanians, founder of Sijistan's Karakir fire-temple. - شخصیت
بهمتة عظيم أبورد
Bahmana, the great of Abiward; he came to Ibn Amir and compounded Abiward at four hundred thousand — or Ibn Khazim was sent and its people truced at the same. - شخصیت
بهرام جوبين
Bahram Chubin, the Sasanian spahbed: sent by Hormizd IV with twelve thousand picked men against the Turk shah's three hundred thousand, he killed the shah with a single shot, scattered his army, then defeated and captured his son Barmuda; fearing Hormizd afterwards he deposed him in favour of the prince Khusraw Abarwiz. - شخصیت
بحزج
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: of Banu Dubay'a. - شخصیت
بجير من طيء
The dying Tayyi' soldier who greeted the lone palm between the field and al-'Udhayb — the tree under which every wounded man asked to rest, saying 'the Sawad is near'. - شخصیت
بجكم التركي
The Turk who ousted Ibn Ra'iq in 326, entered Baghdad and was titled amir al-umara over Baghdad and Khurasan; killed under al-Muttaqi, his Baghdad deposits — over a million dinars — went to the caliph. - شخصیت
باكثير
1867 عیسوی · 1283 ھScholar from the Ba Kathir family of Hadramawt, a family known for its learning and for mosques at Tarim and Seiyun. - شخصیت
بحرق محمد بن عمر
1465 عیسوی · 869 ھA Shafi'i jurist from Yemen, known as Bakhraq. - شخصیت
بختيار عز الدولة بن معز الدولة
Mu'izz al-Dawla's son, installed on his father's death in 356 and titled Izz al-Dawla by al-Muti'; in 362 he confiscated the caliph, who said 'I have nothing but the khutba — if you wish, I withdraw', and was pressed till he sold his cloth for four hundred thousand dirhams. - شخصیت
بكير بن حمران الأحمري
Muslim ibn 'Aqil's killer — chosen by Ibn Ziyad to take his own vengeance for the two wounds, striking off his head atop the palace. - شخصیت
بكار بن قتيبة
The qadi; when Ibn Tulun convened the judges to depose al-Muwaffaq all consented save Bakkar — 'you showed me a succession document from al-Mu'tamid; show me another deposing him' — 'the people fooled you: none like Bakkar? you're a dotard'; imprisoned, shackled, ten thousand dinars of arrears confiscated. - شخصیت
بكر بن محمد بن ألياس
Samanid agent at Nishapur; Asfar attached himself to him and was sent against Jurjan, and when Bakr died there Nasr ibn Ahmad confirmed Asfar over it in 315. - شخصیت
بلخ بن عقبة الأزدي
Abu Hamza's Azdi partner in the Hijazi proclamation for Talib al-Haqq — killed at Wadi al-Qura. - شخصیت
بليق
Mu'nis al-Muzaffar's chief officer; seized with him in the fake-Qarmatian ruse of 321, then slaughtered — his son's head carried to him in a basin, his own carried with it to Mu'nis, all three heads paraded round Baghdad then returned to the treasury of heads. - شخصیت
بلج بن بشر القشيري
Commander of the Syrian jund who crossed into al-Andalus in 124 after surviving Kulthum b. Iyad's defeat by the Berbers at the Malwiya; he killed the governor Abd al-Malik b. Qatan and held the land against the Fihrid revolt. - شخصیت
بلج بن نشبة السمدي
Balj ibn Nashba al-Samadi, the watchman whose name stuck to Hammam Balj at Basra — he whom Ziyad called 'who is like him, a watchman and a warden'. - شخصیت
بلطه جي محمد باشا
Baltacı Mehmed Pasha — Ahmed III's grand vizier who lifted the Pruth encirclement of Tsar Peter and signed the 1711 treaty yielding Azov; the source frames it as betrayal and the sultan deposed him. - شخصیت
بنان بن الحارث العواد
The singer whose 'long was my covenant with the Imam Muhammad' played on al-Muntasir's six-month reign. - شخصیت
بندون السغدي
Bandun the Sughdi, a king of Sughd; the Sughd mustered for him and Salm ibn Ziyad, crossing the river, killed him in battle. - شخصیت
بني بن نفيس
A commander of Mu'nis al-Muzaffar in the 317 deposition; he opened a tomb of al-Muqtadir's father and carried off six hundred thousand dinars from its grave. - شخصیت
بنيس أبو عبد الله محمد بن أحمد
1747 عیسوی · 1160 ھScholar of Fez in Morocco, born 1160 AH (1747 CE) and died 1214 AH (1799 CE). - شخصیت
بقي بن مخلد الأندلسي
Baqi ibn Makhlad al-Andalusi (d. 276), the famous traveller for hadith, student of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, author of a musnad on over sixteen hundred Companions; the tale of the woman whose son the Byzantines held captive — he emptied into her lap every dirham he had. - شخصیت
باقوم
A carpenter, client of the Banu Umayya, to whom some reports attribute the Prophet's three-step tamarisk minbar (the chains are weak in Ibn Hajar's assessment). The name Baqum is also given to the Roman said to have helped Quraysh rebuild the Kaaba. - شخصیت
بركة بنت يسار
Freedwoman of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, wife of Qays ibn Abdullah al-Asadi; she was a foster-nurse to Ubaydullah ibn Jahsh and Umm Habiba and emigrated with them to Abyssinia. - شخصیت
براك حاجب قطلغ خان
Baraq Hajib Qutlugh Khan; a Qara-Khitai commander in Khwarazmshah Muhammad's service who took Kirman in 619, serving as Jalal al-Din Mingburnu's lieutenant until he sought independence in 623 by calling the Mongols against him — when Jalal al-Din marched, Baraq shut himself in a castle and wrote 'I am the purchased slave; when I heard of your coming I emptied the land for you' — and his Qutlugh-Khanid line held Kirman to about 703. - شخصیت
برخيا بن أخبيا
The Judahite prophet commanded to send Bukhtanassar against 'the Arabs whose houses have no bolts' — the king answered he had been seeing the same command in dreams for seven nights. - شخصیت
السلطان بركياروق بن ملكشاه
Malikshah's son; he rose against his five-year-old brother Mahmud and was invested by al-Muqtadi as Rukn al-Din in Muharram 487, took Khurasan when Arslan Arghun was killed in 490, and was then fought by his brother Muhammad. - شخصیت
برمك بن عبد الله الدبيلي
Barmak ibn Abdallah al-Dabili, of the shaykhs of Dabil; in al-Baladhuri: he is among the transmitters of the Dhat al-Lujum story — Habib's men loosing their beasts' bridles, the Aluj hurrying them off, then the Muslims wheeling to kill them and take them back. - شخصیت
السلطان الظاهر برقوق
First Circassian sultan (784), founder of the Burji line; he imprisoned and deposed caliph al-Mutawakkil, repented and restored him, was himself jailed at Karak then restored in 792, ruling till Shawwal 801. - شخصیت
برّة بنت عبد المطلب
One of the six daughters of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count; an aunt of the Prophet. - شخصیت
برة بنت عبد العزى القرشية
Amina's mother — the Prophet's maternal grandmother: Barra bint Abd al-Uzza ibn Abd al-Dar ibn Qusayy, a Qurayshite. - شخصیت
السلطان الأشرف برسباي
Circassian sultan invested by the caliph in 825; ruled to Dhu'l-Hijja 841 when his son Yusuf al-Aziz succeeded under Jaqmaq's regency. - شخصیت
باروخ بن ناريا
Jeremiah's scribe — in whose scroll al-Mas'udi found a thirty-name chain from Ma'add back to Qaydar son of Ishmael, diverging from every Arabic version — cited precisely to show the lineage's contention; Jeremiah's own dealings with Ma'add in Syria were told in his earlier books. - شخصیت
بشير بن سعد
one of the literate Ansar when Islam came. - شخصیت
بشير بن عبيد الله بن أبي بكرة
Bashir ibn Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra; he dug the Marghab canals at Basra by force, named it Marghab Marw, claimed it as his qati'a — sued by Humayri ibn Hilal, he went up to Khalid al-Qasri, made his complaint and was believed. - شخصیت
بشار بن مسلم الباهلي
Bashshar ibn Muslim ibn Amr al-Bahili, Qutayba's brother; he gifted al-Hajjaj a horse that won him the race — the grant was seven hundred jarib (some say four hundred) for which he dug the canal named Nahr Bashshar. - شخصیت
باطس البطريق
Amorium's great patrikios — crucified at Bab al-'Amma beside Babak and Mazyar, his post bending towards theirs in Abu Tammam's epigram. - شخصیت
بطليموس
Ptolemy — author of the Almagest and the Geography whose 4,200 cities al-Mas'udi cites — first of the astronomers before Islam's own. - شخصیت
باكباك
A Turkish amir; marching with Musa ibn Bugha to al-Sin after Musawwar, he got al-Muhtadi's letter to kill Musa and Muflih and command all the Turks — he showed it to Musa: 'this works on us all' — and they resolved the caliph's death. - شخصیت
أبو يزيد البسطامي
804 عیسوی · 188 ھOne of the great figures of Islamic Sufism, whose influence was large on his contemporaries and later generations. - شخصیت
بايزيد الأول الصاعقة
Bayezid I 'Yildirim' (r. 1389–1402 CE) — 'the Thunderbolt' who shuttled between the Balkan and Anatolian fronts until Timur broke his army at Ankara. - شخصیت
بايزيد الثاني
Bayezid II (r. 886–918 AH) — the mild, fiqh-loving son of the Conqueror who refused his brother Cem's proposal to split the empire and drove him into Mamluk then Hospitaller exile. - شخصیت
السلطان الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري
Qutuz's shalish at Ayn Jalut, who chased the Tatars past Aleppo; refused the promised city, he joined the amirs' killing of al-Muzaffar, took the throne first as al-Malik al-Qahir — till warned of the laqab's luck — then al-Malik al-Zahir. - شخصیت
الملك المظفر بيبرس الجاشنكير
Mamluk sultan as al-Muzaffar, hailed on al-Nasir's self-deposition in 708 with the caliph's black robe and a deed borne to Syria in black satin — opening 'It is from Sulayman'. On al-Nasir's return he fled, was caught and killed. - شخصیت
بيبرس المنصوري ركن الدين
Emir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Mansuri, the dawadar, taken as a child slave to Egypt in 659 AH and later a Mamluk emir; died 725 AH (1325 CE). - شخصیت
بيرم الثاني محمد بن محمد
1748 عیسوی · 1162 ھA Tunisian scholar of the Bayram family, teacher of the younger Bayram and son of the elder Bayram. - شخصیت
بيرم محمد بن محمد
1786 عیسوی · 1201 ھA Tunisian scholar of the Bayram family, son of Bayram al-Thani. - شخصیت
بركة خان
Berke Khan, khan of the Golden Horde — a Muslim who corresponded with Baybars and broke his cousin Hulagu in a great battle where multitudes were slain and drowned; grandson of Genghis, he died in the 660s AH. - شخصیت
بجاد بن عثمان
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: of Banu Dubay'a. - شخصیت
بلال بن أبي بردة
Bilal ibn Abi Burda; he cut Nahr Ma'qil into Basra's Fayd where it had stood broken, dug the canal named for him, lined both banks with shops, moved the market there — all done for Yazid ibn Khalid al-Qasri. - شخصیت
بلال بن رباح
تقریباً 580 عیسویAn Abyssinian-born slave in Mecca, among the earliest converts; freed by Abu Bakr and remembered as the first muezzin of Islam — the voice that called the community to prayer. - شخصیت
ابنة النعمان بن بشير زوجة المختار
al-Mukhtar's wife who refused the sword-point recantation — 'shall I follow Ibn Hind and abandon Ibn Abi Talib? God, I follow Your prophet and his daughter's son' — and was martyred, the elegy mourning 'a noble free woman killed for no crime'. - شخصیت
ابنة سمرة بن جندب زوجة المختار
al-Mukhtar's wife who recanted at the sword's edge — 'had you summoned me to unbelief with the sword I would have complied; I testify al-Mukhtar is an unbeliever'. - شخصیت
بشر الحافي
The celebrated barefoot ascetic of Merv — dead at Baghdad in 227. - شخصیت
بشر بن عبد الملك
brother of Ukaydir the Christian lord of Dumat al-Jandal; learned the Arabic script at al-Hira and carried it to Mecca, Ta'if, Mudar and al-Sham. - شخصیت
بشر بن البراء
A noble Ansari Companion from Banu Salima of the Khazraj, son of al-Bara' ibn Ma'rur; Badri veteran who was present at the conquest of Khaybar; ate from the poisoned sheep offered by Zaynab bint al-Harith and died of its effects. - شخصیت
بشر بن الحارث السهمي
Of Banu Sahm; he emigrated to Abyssinia. Ibn Ishaq mentions after him a maternal half-brother of his from Banu Tamim. - شخصیت
بشر بن المحتفز
Bishr ibn al-Muhtafiz; governor of Jundishapur — the 'Bishr' of Abu al-Mukhtar's satire. - شخصیت
بشر بن المعتمر
Bishr ibn al-Mu'tamir — head of the Baghdad branch of the Mu'tazila in Ahmad Amin's stemma of the school. - شخصیت
بشر بن الوليد الكندي
One of those examined by Ishaq ibn Ibrahim; he would say only 'God's speech'. Al-Ma'mun's reply: summon him — if he repents, publicize it; if he persists in his shirk and denial that the Quran is created out of kufr and ilhad, strike his neck. - شخصیت
بشر بن داود
Bishr ibn Dawud; the Sind governor who broke with al-Ma'mun, drawn out in aman by Ghassan ibn Abbad and carried to Baghdad. - شخصیت
بشر بن غياث المريسي
The mutakallim Bishr al-Marisi — dead in 219. - شخصیت
بشر بن مروان
Abd al-Malik's brother, Kufa's governor — an adab-loving bon-vivant whose courtier expel his uncle Ruh by a wall-poem warning that 'Ibn Marwan's hour approaches'. - شخصیت
بسطام بن ترسي
dihqan of Babil and Khutarniyya; converted after the Sawad's conquest — Umar left his land in his hand and lifted the jizya. - شخصیت
أبو عبد الله محمد آخر ملوك غرناطة
Abu Abdallah Muhammad (Boabdil), last Nasrid sultan of Granada — he surrendered the Alhambra on sixty-seven broken conditions, withdrew through the Alpujarras to Fez, built Andalusi-style palaces al-Maqqari himself entered, addressed his famous begging-letter to the Wattasid sultan, died there in 940 and left descendants whom al-Maqqari found living off the poor's waqfs, 'counted among the beggars'. - شخصیت
بوداسف
Budasaf — first to display the Sabian way, in al-Mas'udi's account: the Indian who crossed Sind, Sijistan, Zabulistan and Kirman claiming prophethood under Tahmurath or Jam, preaching renunciation and the soul's descent from above, and renewing idol-worship by stratagem; his Persian maxim on kings' doors needing wit, patience and wealth stood inscribed at Balkh's Nawbahar with an Arabic retort beneath. - شخصیت
بديل بن طهفة البجلي
Budayl ibn Tahfa al-Bajali; sent from Uman against Daybul, his horse shied, the enemy ringed and killed him — some say the Zutt of al-Budha did it. - شخصیت
بديل بن ورقاء الخزاعي
A Khuza'i leader of the truce years: he sheltered the driven-in Khuza'a in his house, led their complaint delegation to Medina, met Abu Sufyan at Usfan while concealing his own visit, and scouted the Muslim army with him at Marr al-Zahran — where he slipped away to warn the Prophet. As 'Budayl ibn Umm Asram' he answered al-Akhzar's war poem. - شخصیت
بُغا مولى المعتصم (بُغا الكبير)
Bugha, mawla of al-Mu'tasim bi'llah (the Elder); in al-Baladhuri from Bardha'a's people: while governor of Armenia, Adharbayjan and Shimshat he rebuilt Shamkur in year 240 after the Sawardiyya had ruined it, settling in it people who came out to him from the Khazars under safe-conduct desiring Islam, transferring Bardha'a's merchants to it and naming it al-Mutawakkiliyya. - شخصیت
بغا الصغير
The Turkish amir who tested Baghir's resolve three times — son, brother, heir — before the answer 'we begin with the father' sealed al-Mutawakkil's fate. - شخصیت
بقراخان الخاقاني
Bughra Khan of the Qarakhanid Turkic kings; drawn into the Samanid lands by Abu Ali ibn Simjur's tempting of him with Bukhara in that dynasty's collapse, he took their country piece by piece, routed Nuh ibn Mansur's armies and captured his commander Anj, entered Bukhara until Nuh's return — then, departing sick, died on the road in the year the text reads as 403 of the fourth century; pious, just, of good conduct, a Sunni-leaning honourer of scholars, succeeded by his brother Ilig Khan Sulayman. - شخصیت
بجير بن بجرة
A man of Tayy; Ibn Ishaq records that he spoke verses on the story of the wild cows that led to Ukaydir, in confirmation of the Prophet's words to Khalid. - شخصیت
بجير بن ورقاء الصرعي
Bujayr ibn Waraqa' al-Sura'i of Tamim; with the party that renounced Ibn Khazim at Abarshahr, he pursued and stabbed him near Marw with Waki' ibn al-Dawraqiyya — and later leapt on the imprisoned Bukayr ibn Wishah and killed him. - شخصیت
بجير بن زهير
A poet of the Muzayna tribe and brother of the famous poet Ka'b ibn Zuhayr; he embraced Islam before his brother, and Ibn Ishaq cites verses of his about the day of the conquest of Mecca. - شخصیت
بكير بن عبد الله بن الأشج
- شخصیت
بكير بن ماهان
Bukayr ibn Mahan — reckoned the chief of the Abbasid propagandists in Iraq, alongside Maysara al-Abdi and Abu Salama al-Khallal. - شخصیت
بكير بن شداد
Bukayr ibn Shaddad ibn Amir of Kinana, rider of the horse Atlal; he rode with Sa'id ibn al-As on the Azerbaijan raid — al-Shammakh's verse ransoms 'Bukayr of the Shaddakh sons, knight of Atlal' — and he it was who heard a Jew reciting poetry in Umar's caliphate and killed him. - شخصیت
بكير بن وشاح
Bukayr ibn Wishah — some say Wisah; Ibn Khazim's shurta-chief who deposed him, seized arms and treasury, won Marw to Abd al-Malik's bay'a, and was made governor — he sent Ibn Khazim's head to Damascus. Under Umayya he held Tukharistan and the trans-river campaigns, then turned, imprisoned Umayya's son and deposed him; fought, then truced for a district, was seized on renewed suspicion and killed in his cell by Bujayr ibn Waraqa'. - شخصیت
بختنصر
The king of Babylon who attacked the Arabs at Dhat Irq, where the Arabs' commander was no Jurhumite; the Adnanis scattered to Yemen at his second campaign in 587 BCE and the prophet Jeremiah took Ma'add to al-Sham; he also laid waste Palestine, destroyed the Temple in 587 BCE and carried the Jews to Babylon, after which some migrated to northern Hijaz, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. - شخصیت
بختيشوع بن جبرائيل
A physician of the Bukhtishu medical family in the Abbasid period, close to the caliph al-Muhtadi. He was succeeded by his son Ubayd Allah. - شخصیت
بنا الصغير
Buna al-Saghir, al-Mutawakkil's mawla; he fought the rebel Muhammad ibn al-Ba'ith, took him to Samarra, and razed Marand's wall and palace. - شخصیت
بقراط
Hippocrates — per Mas'udi, love is two souls fused like water in water; its tremor, pallor and stammer run from the heart outward. - شخصیت
بوران بنت الحسن بن سهل
زوجة المأمون، تزوجها سنة عشر بجهاز بلغ أربعين تكة مجوهرة وصناديق لآلئ ويواقيت ونثر أبوها صينية جوهراً بين يدي المأمون عند زفافها. - شخصیت
بوران بنت كسرى أبرويز
The Sasanian queen Buran, daughter of Khusraw Parviz — builder of the fire temple at Ustuniya near Baghdad. - شخصیت
بريدة بن الحصيب الأسلمي
Burayda ibn al-Husayb al-Aslami, Abu Abdallah; among the fifty thousand transplanted to Khurasan by al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad in 51h, he died at Marw under Yazid ibn Mu'awiya. - شخصیت
بريدة بن الحصيب
A Companion of Aslam; Ibn al-Sakan says he embraced Islam when the Prophet passed him on the Hijra at al-Ghamim and stayed in his place until Badr and Uhud had passed; he took part in sixteen campaigns with the Prophet, settled in Basra, campaigned in Khurasan and lived in Merv, dying in 63 AH. - شخصیت
برتقيز
1681 عیسوی · 1092 ھHanafi jurist from Zaghwan in Tunisia, versed in legal theory and known for glosses and verse. - شخصیت
بسرة بنت صفوان
A Qurashi woman of Banu Asad, niece of Waraqa ibn Nawfal; al-Shafi'i said she had an early precedence and an emigration; she narrated from the Prophet and Marwan ibn al-Hakam, Urwa and Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib narrated from her; among her hadith is the one on ablution after touching the private part. - شخصیت
بسطام بن قيس
Bustam ibn Qays 'dhu al-jadayn', Abu al-Sahba', sayyid of Banu Shayban: killed at the day of al-Shaqiqa covering his men's retreat on the dark stallion al-Za'faran — the most elegised of Shayban's dead. - شخصیت
بطرس البستاني
1819 عیسوی · 1234 ھ†Butrus al-Bustani (d. 1883 CE) — author of the Muhit al-Muhit dictionary and founder of the Arabic encyclopaedia Da'irat al-Ma'arif. - شخصیت
جفتاي بن جنكزخان
Chaghatay ibn Genghis Khan, called Kaday among them; his father assigned him the realms from the Uyghur lands to Samarkand, Bukhara and Transoxiana — he died without completing his course, and Monke set his sons over Transoxiana in fulfilment of Genghis's bequest to their father, their line settling at Samarkand and its districts. - شخصیت
جغري بك بن سلجوق
Tughrul Beg's brother, lord of Khurasan; after many wars he made peace with Ghazna's Ibrahim ibn Mas'ud in 451, died that year and was succeeded by his son Alp Arslan. - شخصیت
قارله بن تبين ملك الإفرنجة
'Qarla ibn Tabin', the Frankish king whose 26-year reign fell in al-Hakam's days and whose sons' strife nearly destroyed the Franks — the regnal list's rendering of Charlemagne. - شخصیت
قلودية ملك الإفرنجة
First king in the Frankish regnal list Bishop Urmazd sent al-Hakam in 328 — 'a Magian whose wife Ghartala converted him to Christianity', succeeded by his son Ludhriq, then Daqashrat. - شخصیت
المركيس صاحب صور
Conrad of Montferrat, lord of Tyre — 'the greatest of the Frankish devils' in Ibn al-Athir's phrase; killed in Rabi' II 588 by two monk-garbed Assassins of Sinan's who had lived six months among his own circle before striking him at a bishop's banquet and finishing him in the church; the Franks blamed King Richard. - شخصیت
دغفل بن المقرج الجراحي
The Jarrahid Tayyi emir who held Ramla under nominal Fatimid allegiance; fearing al-Aziz would adopt the captive Abu Taghlib as he had done Sabuktagin, he killed him in 369 and sent the head to Egypt. - شخصیت
داهر ملك السند
Dahir, king of Sind; refusing to free the pirated women — 'pirates beyond my power' — he met Muhammad ibn al-Qasim elephant-backed amid elephants and the Kakira, dismounted, fought, and fell at evening; al-Mada'ini names a Kilabi his killer. - شخصیت
دحمان المغني
A singer of al-Walid's circle. - شخصیت
داود
Prophet of Banu Israel and Sulayman's father — the Prophet praised Abu Musa's recitation as 'a flute of the flutes of Dawud's house'. - شخصیت
داود الأنطاكي
An Arab physician from Antioch, nicknamed al-Darir because he was blind. He lived in the tenth century AH. - شخصیت
داود الظاهري
تقریباً 815 عیسوی · تقریباً 200 ھDawud ibn Ali al-Isbahani — Kufa-born (c. 200), Baghdad-bred (d. 270); a zealous Shafi'i who wrote al-Shafi'i's virtues then broke away to found the literalist Zahiri school, rejecting qiyas and holding to the evident text. - شخصیت
داود بن أبي هند
Dawud ibn Abi Hind of Basra; one of Sulayman ibn Ali's delegates to al-Mansur over al-Subaytiyya. - شخصیت
داود بن علي
Dawud ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas; in al-Baladhuri he was granted all al-Sibayn when Umayyad wealth was seized under the blessed dawla — later bought from his heirs with its rights and bounds into the caliphal estates. - شخصیت
داود بن عيسى أمير مكة
Dawud ibn Isa — installed in Mecca's emirate by caliphal order when his brother Mukaththir was besieged in his Abu Qubays castle and fled, Dhu al-Hijja 571. - شخصیت
داود بن يزيد بن حاتم
Dawud ibn Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi; the Sind thaghr after Umar ibn Hafs — the Kinda-mawla Abu al-Summa al-Mutaghallib in his company. - شخصیت
داود وارنسبي علي
1972 عیسوی · 1392 ھ†The Canadian convert-musician behind Sound Vision's Islamic children's songs like 'A Whisper of Peace'. - شخصیت
دسيم بن إبراهيم الكردي
Daysim ibn Ibrahim the Kurd; rival of al-Marzuban's house for Azerbaijan, invited in by its people to fight them — he held Azerbaijan and beat the Hamdanids off its mines, but when the Daylam in his host defected to al-Marzuban he was besieged in Tabriz, fled to Ardabil then to Hajjiq ibn al-Dayrani of Armenia, and the kingship settled for al-Marzuban in 330 AH. - شخصیت
دغفل بن حنظلة الشيباني
- شخصیت
ضماد الأزدي
An Azdi physician and traditional healer from Azd Shanu'a who arrived in Mecca and offered to treat the Prophet Muhammad after hearing claims that he was mad; upon hearing the Prophet's Khutbat al-Hajah, he declared Islam immediately and pledged his tribe's allegiance. - شخصیت
ذو البجادين
Abdullah Dhu al-Bijadayn al-Muzani; he died on the Tabuk campaign and the Prophet himself buried him in his grave at night in the presence of Abu Bakr and Umar, in Ibn Mas'ud's account. - شخصیت
ذو الحاجب مردانشاه
Persian commander sent against the Arabs at the Day of the Bridge; in al-Baladhuri Anushirwan had named him Bahman for blessing, he was called Dhu al-Hajib for tying his brows up over his eyes in pride — though his name is said to be Rustam — and he met the Muslims with four thousand mailed men and an elephant. - شخصیت
ذو الجناحين
The Persian king-commander at Nahawand — al-Mughira's famous embassy to his throne, the spear-poked carpets and the leap onto the royal seat; he fell from his grey mule in the rout and split his belly. - شخصیت
ذو الكلاع ملك حمير
The crowned Himyarite king who came with a thousand slaves and brocade, saw Abu Bakr's rough cloak, cast off his own and took his fashion — till his clan found him in Medina's market in a sheepskin, and heard his answer: 'Shall I be a tyrant in Jahiliyya and a tyrant in Islam? Worship is only through humility'. - شخصیت
ذو الخويصرة التميمي
A man of Banu Tamim (identified as Hurqus ibn Zuhayr al-Sa'di) who brazenly challenged the Prophet during the distribution of spoils at al-Ji'rana, saying 'Act justly, for you have not acted justly'; the Prophet rebuked him and foretold that from his progeny would emerge a sect that passes out of religion (the Kharijites). - شخصیت
ذو النون المصري
The first in Egypt to discourse on the ordering of states and the stations of God's friends; Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Hakim, Egypt's Maliki chief, charged him with an unheard-of science and zandaqa — brought on the barid to al-Mutawakkil he won him over: 'when the righteous are mentioned, how is Dhu'l-Nun!'. - شخصیت
ذو الثدية
The Kharijite foretold to fall among the Mariqi — Ali would not accept 'we found nothing', sent the whole company back into the slain, and he was dragged from beneath a hundred corpses in a hollow. - شخصیت
ذو نواس
The last Himyarite king before the second Abyssinian occupation: a convert to Judaism who in October 523 tried to force the Christians of Najran to apostatize and, on their refusal, dug the trench of fire — the event the Quran recalls in Surat al-Buruj. - شخصیت
دعبل الخزاعي
The Shi'ite poet; he lampooned al-Mu'tasim in his famous qasida — 'the Abbasid kings in the books are seven... like the cave-dwellers, seven plus a dog, and I rate their dog above you' — satirizing Wasif and Ashinas too. Al-Mu'tasim vowed against him; he fled to Egypt, then the Maghreb. - شخصیت
دحية الكلبي
A handsome and noble Companion from Banu Kalb; Gabriel frequently appeared in his likeness; chosen by the Prophet as his diplomatic envoy to Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium; later fought in the conquest of Syria. - شخصیت
دلف بن أبي دلف
Abu Dulaf's nasibi son — disgraced by his father's confession and haunted by a dream of him naked amid ash, quoting 'when we die we are raised and asked'. - شخصیت
ضمام بن مالك السلماني
One of the Hamdan delegation who met the Prophet on his return from Tabuk with Malik ibn al-Namat Dhu al-Mish'ar, as Ibn Hisham names them on the authority of Abu Ishaq al-Sabi'i. - شخصیت
ضمام بن ثعلبة
The envoy of Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr to the Prophet, whose story is in the two collections from Anas: a bedouin came and asked 'Which of you is Ibn Abd al-Muttalib?', questioned him and embraced Islam, and the Prophet said as he left 'The man has gained understanding'; the year of his coming is disputed. - شخصیت
دينار
Nihawand's dihqan; in al-Baladhuri, spared by Simak ibn Ubayd after his eight companions fell, he asked to treat with the commander — paying kharaj and jizya for his city's security — whence Nihawand was called Mah Dinar; he would visit Simak thereafter bearing gifts. - شخصیت
ضرار بن عبد المطلب
One of the ten sons of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, and an uncle of the Prophet; chapter 5 gives only his name. - شخصیت
ضرار بن عمرو
Dirar ibn Amr — a head of the Mu'tazila; al-Mas'udi names him with Thumama and al-Jahiz as holding the Nabataean better than the Arab — read by Ahmad Amin as a political argument for easy deposition rather than belittlement of Arabs. - شخصیت
ضرار بن ضمرة
One of Ali's inner circle — compelled by Mu'awiya to describe him, he delivered the celebrated portrait: 'far-reaching, mighty, decisive in word, just in rule, knowledge streaming from his sides, who took comfort in night's darkness' and the mihrab weeping over 'deceive another, world'. - شخصیت
ضرار بن مسلم الباهلي
Dirar ibn Muslim al-Bahili, Qutayba's brother; the only brother spared at his fall — Tamim gave him safety. - شخصیت
ضباعة بنت عامر القشيرية
A Companion of Banu Amir ibn Sa'sa'a who embraced Islam early at Mecca; remembered for crying out to her clan in defence of the Prophet at Ukaz when Bajr ibn Firas spooked his camel so it threw him, and for enduring her people's persecution. - شخصیت
دبيس بن صدقة المزيدي
Dubays ibn Sadaqa ibn Mansur al-Mazyadidi; captured at his father's death in 501 AH, released by Sultan Muhammad to his mother under oath of obedience, then sent home by Sultan Mahmud to rule al-Hilla where Arabs and Kurds rallied to him — he rose against caliph al-Mustarshid, whose mustered army routed him and took his household captive in 517 AH; he fled to the Franks tempting them with Aleppo in 518 (which resisted), then joined Malik Tughril ibn Sultan Muhammad and incited him to march on Iraq, pledging him its kingship. - شخصیت
دوهر بن داهر
Duhar ibn Dahir; he sallied against Muhammad ibn al-Qasim at al-Kiraj, was routed, fled — some say was killed — and the city yielded on terms. - شخصیت
دختنوس بنت النعمان
Dukhtanus, the Lakhmid princess daughter of al-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir, wife of Laqit ibn Zurara; hearing how Banu Abs struck her husband's corpse she answered with the famous taunt-elegy. - شخصیت
ضميرة مولى علي بن أبي طالب
A client of Ali ibn Abi Talib; Ibn Hisham names him, with a brother of his, among those who went with Zayd ibn Haritha's detachment to Madyan. - شخصیت
دقاق بن تتش
Duqaq ibn Taj al-Dawla Tutush ibn Alp Arslan; he was in Damascus castle when his father fell in 488 AH, summoned to kingship by Sawtakin the eunuch and reached Damascus before his brother Ridwan's courier — on Yaghisiyan of Antioch's advice he held Damascus independently of his brother, made al-Khawarizmi his vizier and controller of the state, and died in 497, whereupon his atabeg Tughtakin took power and proclaimed his infant brother Tultash. - شخصیت
دريد بن الصمة
A legendary pre-Islamic knight, tribal champion and poet of Banu Jusham (Hawazin); an old, blind veteran carried in a litter at Hunayn, he vehemently criticized Malik ibn Awf's strategy of bringing women and herds into battle, and was slain at Awtas. - شخصیت
درة بنت أبي لهب
A cousin of the Prophet who embraced Islam and emigrated; reports with weak chains say women of Banu Zurayq taunted her over her father and the Prophet, angered, said that his intercession reaches his kin. - شخصیت
ردريق القنبيطور
Rodrigo, called al-Qanbitur (el Campeador) and 'the tyrant' in the Muslim sources; raised by Yusuf ibn Hud of Zaragoza to take Valencia, he entered it in 488 after a twenty-month siege, burned the qadi Ibn Jahhaf alive over the hidden treasury, and destroyed the city until the Almoravid Mazdali retook it in 495. - شخصیت
ارتنا
Eretna, a Mongol commander and founder of the Eretnid state in Rum; holder of the shihna governorship of the Rum lands in the Ilkhanids' last days — when their order collapsed after Abu Sa'id's death he seized his kingdom's throne at Kayseri and Sivas, annexing Aqsaray, Malatya, Samsat and the Armenian lands, and his son Ala al-Din Eretna and grandsons held it until the Turkmen states ended their line. - شخصیت
إبراهيم حقي الأرضروملي
1703 عیسوی · 1115 ھAn Ottoman scholar from Erzurum. He returned there after his father's death to complete his education, then served one of his teachers at Nilüfer. - شخصیت
فضالة بن عبيد
A Companion of the Aws who embraced Islam early; he missed Badr but fought at Uhud and after, took part in the conquests of Egypt and Syria, was made judge of Damascus by Mu'awiya after Abu al-Darda, and died in Mu'awiya's caliphate, in 53 AH according to al-Mada'ini. - شخصیت
فضالة بن عمير الليثي
A man of Banu Layth who intended to assassinate the Prophet while he was performing tawaf around the Kaaba during the Conquest; the Prophet called him by name, placed his hand over his chest until his heart calmed, and Fadala embraced Islam. - شخصیت
الفضل بن الربيع
Al-Amin's vizier and al-Rashid's chamberlain — 'the shrewdest and greatest of men' per al-Jahiz; knowing the caliphate's passage to al-Ma'mun meant his end, he egged al-Amin on to depose him and settle the succession on his infant son Musa. - شخصیت
فاختة بنت قرظة
Fakhita bint Qaraza ibn Abd Amr ibn Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy the Qurashite, wife of Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan; he carried her with him on the first Cyprus raid of year 28 in fulfilment of Uthman's condition — 'if you sail the sea with your wife aboard, you sail with my leave; else, no'. - شخصیت
فخر الدولة بن ركن الدولة
Rukn al-Dawla's son, given Hamadhan and Dinawar in 365; he died in 387 — one of al-Dhahabi's nine kings dead in sequence within two years — his four-year-old Rustam succeeding at Rayy as Majd al-Dawla. - شخصیت
فخر الدولة بن جهير
- شخصیت
فخر الدين الرازي
- شخصیت
فالغ بن يغور
In al-Mas'udi's king list the first Yemenite ruler of Syria — followed by Yutab, that is Job son of Razah. - شخصیت
فرج الرخجي
Faraj al-Rukhkhaji, Ziyad's son; a boy among Ma'n's Zabulistan captives — he told how wild-ass dust made Ma'n put the sword to them, his father bent over him saying 'kill me, not my son', till the truth of the dust stayed his hand. - شخصیت
الملك الناصر فرج بن برقوق
Barquq's son and heir (801), deposed in 808 for his brother Abd al-Aziz then restored the same year. - شخصیت
فرج بن قاسم بن لب
1310 عیسوی · 710 ھA scholar of Granada and of al-Andalus in the eighth century AH. - شخصیت
فرج بن سليم الخادم
Faraj ibn Sulaym the eunuch, among the great court servants and administrators of the Abbasid state; in al-Baladhuri: al-Rashid charged him with building Tarsus — Abu Sulaym conducted him to Madinat al-Salam, whence he mustered the two levies — and he surveyed from river to river four thousand lots of twenty cubits square, granting the people of Tarsus their plots. - شخصیت
الفرزدق
Hammam ibn Ghalib the poet; in al-Baladhuri he praised al-Mubarak canal which Khalid ibn Abdallah al-Qasri dug. - شخصیت
فارس بن بغا
Bugha the Younger's son — the false first target in the rehearsal of al-Mutawakkil's murder. - شخصیت
فرتنى
One of the two singing slave-girls of Abdullah ibn Khatal in Mecca who performed lampoons against the Prophet; proscribed on the day of the Conquest, one was killed while the other fled, sought protection, and embraced Islam. - شخصیت
فروة بن عمرو الجذامي
An Arab commander in Byzantine service governing the tribes around Ma'an in southern Syria, who embraced Islam after Mu'ta, sent the Prophet a white mule, and was crucified by the Byzantines when he refused to apostatise. - شخصیت
فروة بن مسيك المرادي
A chief of Murad and poet; he came to the Prophet breaking with the kings of Kinda and embraced Islam, the Prophet asked him about the Day of al-Radm on which Hamdan had crushed his people, and set him over Murad, Zubayd and all Madhhij with Khalid ibn Sa'id sent with him over the sadaqa; after the Prophet's death Amr ibn Ma'dikarib rebelled against him and satirised him. Al-Baladhuri adds that the Prophet sent him with Qays ibn al-Makshuh to Yemen against al-Aswad al-Ansi. - شخصیت
فاتك الرومي الإخشيدي
The Byzantine-born commander Fatik 'al-Maimun', freed for his generosity and courage, Kafur's fellow in al-Ikhshid's service; unwilling to ride in Kafur's service he withdrew to his Fayyum iqta' — al-Mutanabbi praised him for the thousand-dinar gift and mourned him at his death in Shawwal 355. - شخصیت
فاتك بن أبي الجهل الأسدي
The Banu Dabba man who killed al-Mutanabbi in the ambush near al-Nu'maniyya, 354. - شخصیت
فاطمة بنت محمد
تقریباً 605 عیسویThe youngest daughter of the Prophet and Khadija and wife of Ali ibn Abi Talib; mother of Hasan and Husayn and a central figure of Ahl al-Bayt in both Sunni and Shia tradition. - شخصیت
فاطمة بنت الحارث بن خالد
Daughter of al-Harith ibn Khalid and Rayta, born in the land of Abyssinia; she is the only one of Rayta's children who survived. - شخصیت
فاطمة بنت الحسين
- شخصیت
فاطمة بنت الخطاب
Umar ibn al-Khattab's sister and Sa'id ibn Zayd's wife; among the earliest Muslims of the secret call, which the book counts among the first women to believe. - شخصیت
فاطمة بنت المجلل
Wife of Hatib ibn al-Harith al-Jumahi; she emigrated to Abyssinia and arrived with her two sons in one of the ships. - شخصیت
فاطمة بنت عمرو المخزومية
Mother of Abdullah, the Prophet's father, and so his paternal grandmother; of Banu Makhzum, daughter of Amr ibn Aidh ibn Imran ibn Makhzum ibn Yaqaza ibn Murra, which made Abdullah's maternal uncles the Makhzumis who prevented his sacrifice; al-Baladhuri names her mother as Fatima bint Abdullah ibn Rizam of Hawazin. - شخصیت
فاطمة بنت أسد
Mother of Ali ibn Abi Talib and his brothers; in the sounder report she emigrated and died in Medina, and the Prophet shrouded her in his shirt. - شخصیت
فاطمة بنت قيس الفهرية
A sister of al-Dahhak ibn Qays and one of the first emigrants, known for beauty and intelligence; divorced by Abu Bakr ibn Hafs al-Makhzumi, she married Usama ibn Zayd on the Prophet's advice, narrated the story of the Jassasa, and the council of the Shura met in her house after Umar's killing. - شخصیت
فاطمة بنت سعد الأزدية
Mother of Qusayy ibn Kilab: Fatima bint Sa'd b. Sayl of the Azd Shanu'a, her mother a Khuza'i — one of the Yamani Fawatim in the Prophet's reported words 'I am the son of the Fatimas and the Atikas'. - شخصیت
فاطمة بنت صفوان
Wife of Amr ibn Sa'id ibn al-As, of Kinana; she emigrated with him to Abyssinia and died there. - شخصیت
فيميون
The ascetic and answered supplicant who entered Najran before the second Abyssinian occupation and called its people to Christianity; the Raheeq narrative names him as the agent of Najran’s conversion. - شخصیت
فيصل بن تركي
Faysal ibn Turki (d. 1865 CE) — the Saudi amir who made Riyadh the seat of the emirate: captured by Egyptian forces at al-Kharj, imprisoned in Egypt 1250–1259 AH, escaped and ruled Najd until his death. - شخصیت
أحمد كوبريللي
Fazıl Ahmed Köprülü (d. ~1676) — took Neuhausl, Austria's greatest fortress, in September 1663, and faced down Louis XIV's gunboat diplomacy: 'the capitulations were a grant, not an executable treaty.' His death broke the dam: Austria seized Buda and Venice took Athens. - شخصیت
فيل مولى زياد
Fil, Ziyad's mawla and chamberlain, owner of Basra's second bathhouse; his hamlaaj-nag beside Abu al-Aswad's and Anas ibn Zunaym's poor mounts bred the riddle 'two-thirds of Fil's bath — by your father, Kisra's bath is naught' and Abu al-Aswad's answer that they would not flaunt among the mawali on the Prophet's sunnah. - شخصیت
فراس بن النضر
Of Banu Abd al-Dar; Ibn Ishaq names him among the rest of the emigrants to Abyssinia. - شخصیت
فيروز بن يزدجرد الثالث
son of the last Sasanian; in al-Baladhuri, fallen to the Turks who married him and kept him among them. - شخصیت
فيثاغورس
Famed in al-Mas'udi's survey as one who knew hidden sciences and kinds of revelation by the purity of his soul — while the early Greek philosophers did not deny divination outright. - شخصیت
فردريك ملك الألمان
- شخصیت
فكيهة بنت يسار
Wife of Hattab ibn al-Harith al-Jumahi; she emigrated to Abyssinia and arrived in one of the ships after her husband died there. - شخصیت
فاختة بنت قرطة
The Kufan woman who darted out of her door at the takbir for al-Hasan's peace — 'bless you, commander, what news has reached you?' — and heard the prophecy of the two great factions reconciled. - شخصیت
فرات بن حيان
An Ijli ally of Banu Sahm who emigrated to the Prophet, settled in Kufa and built a house there; Ibn al-Sakan says he had companionship and Ibn Sa'd lists him in the tier of the people of the Trench; the Prophet said some men of you we leave to their iman, among them Furat ibn Hayyan; sources say he was a spy for Abu Sufyan then became Muslim, and that he lampooned the Prophet and later praised him. - شخصیت
جنكزخان قان التتار
Rising through his aunt's dead husband's kingdom, Genghis allied with Kashlukhan against the great Qan, broke him, then seized sole rule — the Tatars held him divine and obeyed utterly. Their first ride was 606; when Khwarazmshah's men broke faith with the traders and killed the envoys, Genghis wiped out him and his realm. - شخصیت
جرجي بن ميخائيل الأنطاكي
An Antioch Christian who migrated west, mastered the tongue and reckoning and was made Tamim b. al-Mu'izz's confidant; after Tamim's death he slipped away to Roger of Sicily, won favour and commanded the fleet that besieged Mahdiyya in three hundred ships. - شخصیت
غالب بن عبد الرحمن الناصر
Al-Hakam's mawla and lord of Medinaceli who helped Ibn Abi Amir kill al-Mughira and destroy al-Mushafi — and was then destroyed in turn through Ja'far b. Hamdun, in the hajib's patient sequence of eliminations. - شخصیت
غالب بن عبد الله الليثي الكلبي
A Companion of Kalb ibn Awf ibn Layth; the Prophet set him over a detachment against Banu al-Mulawwah at al-Kudayd, which raided them and drove off their herds, and over another to the land of Banu Murra in which Mirdas ibn Nahik was killed. - شخصیت
غسان بن عباد
Ghassan ibn Abbad of Kufa's sawad; al-Ma'mun's man who drew Bishr ibn Dawud out in aman and left Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki over the thaghr. - شخصیت
غيلان الدمشقي
Head of the Qadariyya in Damascus; per al-Dhahabi, Ghaylan proclaimed qadar in Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's caliphate and Umar demanded his repentance — 'I was astray and you guided me,' he said, and Umar prayed that if he lied he be crucified and his limbs cut. The prayer took effect: under Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik he was seized, his four limbs cut, and he was crucified in Damascus over qadar. - شخصیت
غيلان بن خرشة الضبي
Ghaylan ibn Kharasha al-Dabbi; he ran Ibn Amir's digging of the Umm Abdallah Dajaja canal — the one Haritha ibn Badr praised riding with Ibn Amir ('never a greater blessing — the weak drink at their own doors') then damned riding with Ziyad ('never a worse canal — their boys drown in it'); some say the two-tongued speaker was Ghaylan himself. - شخصیت
غيلان بن سلمة الثقفي
travelled with Bishr's company to Ta'if and learned the script from them. - شخصیت
غزالة امرأة شبيب الخارجي
Shabib the Kharijite's wife — a famed horsewoman who fulfilled her vow of two rak'as in Kufa's mosque reciting the two long suras, so the town chanted 'she fulfilled her vow — God, do not forgive her'; killed with Umm Shabib when Sufyan routed him. - شخصیت
قازان بن أرغون بن أبغا بن هولاكو
King of the Tatars, Hulagu's great-grandson; his conversion in 694 rejoiced the people and spread Islam through his army. - شخصیت
غياث الدين كيخسرو الأول
Seljuk sultan of Rum — exiled by his brother, snubbed at Aleppo, pensioned and married into the patriciate at Constantinople until the Frankish sack, then recalled by the Oghuz in 600 and carried into Konya by the acclamation of Aksaray and Konya themselves. - شخصیت
غياث الدين الغوري
Abu al-Fath Muhammad ibn Sam al-Ghuri, sultan of Ghazna and much of Khurasan — Ibn al-Athir credits him with a never-defeated standard, rule by stratagem rather than personal combat, abolition of the mukus tolls, and madrasas and khanqahs across Khurasan; patron of Fakhr al-Din al-Razi at Herat and host of the Firuzkuh debate (595); died Jumada I 599, his death concealed until his brother Shihab al-Din reached Herat. - شخصیت
غياث بن إبراهيم
A hadith-transmitter to al-Mahdi who grafted 'or wing' onto Abu Hurayra's 'no wager save on hoof or arrowhead' to win the prize; granted ten thousand dirhams, then exposed — 'the back of your head is a liar's' — and the pigeons slaughtered. - شخصیت
أبو عمر غلام ثعلب اللغوي الزاهد
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahid, Abu Umar 'Ghulam Tha'lab', the philologist-ascetic who dictated thirty thousand sheets of lexicography from memory and, accused for his prodigious recall, recalled months later the very questioner, date and answer to a qantara question. - شخصیت
غورك ملك السغد
Ghurak, king of Sughd; he summoned the Shash king's aid and was broken, then truced at two hundred and two thousand yearly, prepared the food Qutayba ate, and let him pray and build a mosque in the city. - شخصیت
البطريرك جريجوريوس
Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople — executed on Easter day 1821 after an Ottoman raid on the patriarchate seized documents tying him to the Greek revolt's secret society; he admitted everything, per the source. - شخصیت
حبابة
The singing-girl procured by Yazid's grandmother to displace Salama — she summoned al-Ahwas's verse and Ma'bad's singing: 'life is only what delights you'. - شخصیت
حبان بن أبي جبلة
Mawla of Banu Abd al-Dar, a tabi'i of the Egyptian register who transmitted from Amr b. al-As, Ibn Abbas and Ibn Umar; Umar b. Abd al-Aziz sent him to teach the people of Ifriqiya, and he campaigned with Musa to Carcassonne. - شخصیت
هبار بن سفيان
Of Banu Makhzum; he emigrated to Abyssinia and was killed at Ajnadayn in Abu Bakr's caliphate. - شخصیت
حبيب بن أبي ثابت
- شخصیت
حبيب بن المهلب
Habib ibn al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra; Sulayman's Sind-war commander — received obedience on Mihran's shore and won his fights. - شخصیت
حبيبة بنت عبيد الله
Daughter of Ubaydullah ibn Jahsh and Umm Habiba; her mother was called Umm Habiba after her. Her mother took her out of Mecca and brought her back. - شخصیت
حبشة بن داهر
Habsha ibn Dahir; restored to Brahmanabadh after his father's death, he answered Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's letter — Islam for kept kingship — and he and the kings converted, taking Arab names. - شخصیت
حفص أبو عمر بن سليمان
709 عیسوی · 90 ھWell-known transmitter of the reading of Asim ibn Abi al-Najud and one of the seven canonical readers, reader of Kufa; died 180 AH (796 CE). - شخصیت
حفصة بنت عمر
تقریباً 605 عیسویA wife of the Prophet and daughter of Umar ibn al-Khattab, remembered in Sunni tradition as the keeper of the collected Qur'anic codex. - شخصیت
هاجر
Wife of Ibrahim and mother of Ismail; tradition tells she was settled by Ibrahim with her infant son in the empty valley of Mecca, where the spring of Zamzam broke forth for them, and Jurhum settled nearby with her permission. - شخصیت
حاجب بن زرارة التميمي
A chief of Tamim named in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum with Hani ibn Mas'ud and al-Samaw'al ibn Adiya as an example of how fidelity to a covenant was a religion to the Arabs of the Jahiliyya. - شخصیت
حكيم بن حزام
A nephew of Khadija and a leader of Quraysh; he fought at Badr with the polytheists and escaped, embraced Islam in the year of the conquest, and the Prophet declared the house of Hakim ibn Hizam a place of safety; he was among those whose hearts were reconciled and received a hundred camels from the spoils of Hunayn. - شخصیت
حكيم بن جبلة العبدي
Hakim ibn Jabala al-Abdi; Abdallah ibn Amir's scout of the Indian frontier — his rhymed dismissal ('its water scant, its fruit worthless; few men lost, many starved') ended Uthman's appetite for the campaign. In the Jamal prelude Ibn Hunayf made him Basra's police-chief; he marched with seven hundred 'Abd Qays on Ibn al-Zubayr's provisioning party and fell to Suhaym's sword with seventy men. - شخصیت
حليمة السعدية
تقریباً 540 (تقریباً) عیسویA Bedouin woman of Banu Sa'd who nursed the infant Muhammad in the desert for several years, as was the Meccan custom, and is remembered in tradition as his foster-mother. - شخصیت
حمدان بن حمدون
Progenitor of the Hamdanids, besieged by al-Mu'tadid in his costly fortress al-Sawwara near 'Ayn al-Za'faran. - شخصیت
حمدان خوجة
1715 عیسوی · 1128 ھFrom a family of standing and learning with a political role in the Dey's state. He wrote on politics and governance. - شخصیت
حامد بن العباس
He farmed the Sawad and renewed the exactions; prices soared in Baghdad in 308, the mob rioted, burnt the bridge, opened the prisons and stoned the vizier — the Abbasid state was shaken to its core. - شخصیت
حماد عجرد
Hammad Ajrad — Persian-mawla poet and secretary in Mosul, famed (and, per Abu Nuwas's prison testimony, genuinely a leader) among the accused zindiqs of al-Mahdi's reign. - شخصیت
حماد الراوية
The poetry transmitter — his version of Layla's tale ends with the white dove springing from Tawba's grave as she greets him and falls dead. - شخصیت
حماد التركي
Al-Mansur's doorman and the eyewitness of the midnight kharita — the caliph himself rose to open the door. - شخصیت
حماد بن أبي سليمان
- شخصیت
حماد بن بلكين الحمادي
Hammad ibn Buluggin ibn Ziri al-Sanhaji, founder of the Hammadid state; his brother al-Mansur Buluggin invested him with Ashir and Msila and he broke away in 398 AH in his nephew Badis's day, was sent against the Zanata of the Middle Maghreb and worsted them sorely — he founded the fortress-city of the Qal'a, settled Jarawa from the west in it, finished it about the turn of the fifth century, and adorned it with mosques and inns until it drew knowledge-seekers and craftsmen from the frontiers. - شخصیت
حماد بن سلمة
The Basran traditionist, dead in 160. - شخصیت
حماد بن زيد
717 عیسوی · 98 ھA hadith scholar of Basra, described as among the most pious and reliable memorizers. He memorized four thousand hadiths and was blind. - شخصیت
همام بن هانيء العبدي
al-Jurashi's commander; in al-Baladhuri, to whom most of al-Mafaza's people commended their estates — he held them paying the treasury's due until death, his sons then giving the tract to al-Ma'mun as caliphal estates. - شخصیت
حمنة بنت جحش
Sister of Zaynab bint Jahsh, wife of Mus'ab ibn Umayr, who was killed at Uhud, and then of Talha ibn Ubaydullah; she was at Uhud giving water to the thirsty and tending the wounded, and she narrated the hadith on abnormal bleeding. - شخصیت
حمزة بن عبد المطلب
تقریباً 568 عیسویAn uncle of the Prophet who became one of the fiercest early defenders of Islam; killed at Uhud and remembered in tradition as the Master of the Martyrs. - شخصیت
حمزة بن عبد الله بن الزبير
Hamza ibn Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr; his father's governor of Basra — marching into al-Ahwaz he saw its mountain and said 'as if it were Qa'ayq'an'. - شخصیت
حنش بن المبشر
A hadith-folk chief — brother and lifelong silent opponent of the Mu'tazilite Ja'far. - شخصیت
هانئ بن مسعود الشيباني
The chief of Banu Shayban who kept al-Nuʾman’s family and deposit out of honor, refused to surrender them to Iyas ibn Qabisa and Khosrow, and led his tribe to victory over the Persians at Dhu Qar — the first day the Arabs routed the Persians. - شخصیت
حنش بن عبد الله الصنعاني
The great tabi'i of Kufa and Egypt whose tomb at Zaragoza the locals bless as that of one who entered al-Andalus and never returned east. - شخصیت
حنظلة بن أبي عامر الأنصاري الأوسي (غسيل الملائكة)
An Ansari Companion of the Aws, son of Abu Amir the monk whom the Prophet called the reprobate. He was newly wed on the day of Uhud; when he heard the call to war he tore himself from his bride's arms and went out to battle without washing. He reached Abu Sufyan and nearly finished him off, had Shaddad ibn al-Aswad not struck and killed him. When they searched for him they found him dripping water, and the Prophet told his Companions the angels were washing him; he was called 'the angels' washed'. - شخصیت
حنظلة بن خالد أبو مالك
Hanzala ibn Khalid al-Tamimi, Abu Malik of Qazwin; he worked till all of Dastaba — long split between Rayy and Hamadhan — was joined to Qazwin, and hearing a fellow townsman say 'I won it over, I Abu Malik', answered 'rather you ruined it, you Abu Halik (father of ruin)'. - شخصیت
حنظلة بن زيد
brother of Urwa ibn Zayd; in al-Baladhuri, left in command at Rayy while Urwa bore the victory news to Umar. - شخصیت
حرام بن ملحان
A senior Companion from Banu al-Najjar of the Khazraj, maternal uncle of Anas ibn Malik; entrusted with the Prophet's letter to Amir ibn al-Tufayl at Bi'r Ma'una; when stabbed treacherously through his neck from behind, he wiped the blood on his face and uttered his famous words: 'Allahu Akbar, I have triumphed, by the Lord of the Ka'ba!' - شخصیت
هرمي بن عبد الله
The sixth of the Weepers, brother of Banu Waqif; Ibn Ishaq lists him among those who begged the Prophet for mounts on the Tabuk campaign when he found nothing to carry them on. - شخصیت
حرب بن عبد الله البلخي
in al-Baladhuri, head of Ja'far ibn al-Mansur's shurta at Mosul — Baghdad's Harbiyya quarter is named for him. - شخصیت
حرب بن سلم بن زياد
Harb ibn Salm ibn Ziyad; he contested his canal with Abd al-A'la ibn Abdallah ibn Amir — and when the verdict turned to Abd al-A'la, Harb yielded 'it is yours, sheikh of the counsel', Abd al-A'la yielded back 'it is yours', and when his mawlas warned Harb had only come after the judgment swung, he answered 'never shall I take back what I made his'. - شخصیت
حرب بن أمية
The senior Umayyad whom Quraysh and Kinana chose to lead them in the Fijar war against Qays 'Aylan, for his standing in age and honour; father of Abu Sufyan. - شخصیت
هرم بن حيان العبدي
Harim ibn Hayyan al-Abdi; sent by Uthman to Qal'at Shabir — taken by force after siege and fighting, or, as some say, Qal'at al-Sutuj. - شخصیت
الحارث بن شريح النقال
- شخصیت
حريث بن مسعود القرمطي
Qarmatian emir of the Wasit sawad; after Abu Tahir's raid ten thousand cryptic sympathisers declared themselves, and he built a Dar al-Hijra in the Muwaffaqiyya lands ruling that tract. - شخصیت
الحارث بن سنباط
A Melkite Christian of Harran known to its Sabians — al-Mas'udi's informant on their animal sacrifices and incense-fumigations for the planets. - شخصیت
حارثة بن قدامة السعدي
One of the Basran levy Ibn Abbas sent Ali for Nahrawan — ten thousand under him and al-Ahnaf ibn Qays in 38 AH. - شخصیت
حرملة بن يحيى
تقریباً 783 عیسوی · 166 ھ - شخصیت
هرثمة بن عرفجة البارقي
Harthama ibn Arfaja al-Bariqi — Ibn Durayd reverses the nasab; first to lay out Mosul's plots, settle Arabs and make it a misr, appointed by Umar after Utba's dismissal; he found a fort, Christian churches, few houses and the Jewish quarter, housed the Arabs on their allotments and built the congregational mosque — some say he first misr-ed and plotted al-Haditha before Mosul. - شخصیت
هارون
Musa's brother and deputy — the Prophet cited his standing to Musa for Ali, and met him in the Isra heavens. - شخصیت
هارون الرشيد
Harun ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi, fifth Abbasid caliph; in al-Baladhuri: as prince he led the summer raid of year 163 for his father, besieging Damalu and granting its people aman — settled at Baghdad's Samalu quarter — and in year 165 descending on the Gulf, repairing Masisa and its mosque, increasing its garrison and building the Adhana-bridge palace on the Sayhan; as caliph he learned in year 171 that the Byzantines had conspired to fortify Tarsus and forestalled them through Harthama ibn A'yan and Faraj ibn Sulaym, settling the two levies, ordered Ayn Zarba built and fortified in year 180 and the city of the Black Church likewise, named the march cities the 'Awasim, returned the Cypriot captives taken by Hayy ibn Ma'yuf, restored Filastin's deserted estates to their people through Harthama with the takhafif and rudud, disbursed funds through the marches and coasts, and carried the craft of raiding, in Mu'awiya ibn Amr's words, to a pitch unmatched before him. - شخصیت
هارون الساري البجلي
Harun ibn Abd Allah al-Bajali, called al-Sari; the Kharijite leader whom the Jaziran Kharijites rallied to after Musawir — he seized Mosul and ravaged the Jazira and Azerbaijan until al-Husayn ibn Hamdan pursued him on al-Mu'tadid's orders, captured him and brought him in; al-Mu'tadid bestowed robes on al-Husayn and his brothers and ordered Hamdan's castle at Mardin razed. - شخصیت
هارون بن غريب
Al-Muqtadir's general, broken by Asfar at the gate of Qazvin. - شخصیت
هارون بن خمارويه
Set up in place of his deposed brother Jaysh over Egypt in 283. - شخصیت
حسكة بن عتاب الحبطي
Hasaka ibn Utab al-Habati; after the Camel he and Imran ibn al-Fasil led Arab desperadoes into Sijistan — plundered Zaliq, captured al-Bakhtari's grandfather, entered Zaranj — and he killed Ali's envoy Ibn Jaza' al-Ta'i, till Rubay'i ibn al-Kas came with four thousand and killed him. - شخصیت
الحسن الأعشم القرمطي
Al-Hasan al-A'sam the Qarmatian; he marched the Bahrayn host on Egypt in 363. To al-Mu'izz's letter urging common allegiance and threats he answered on the same sheet: 'Write less, threaten less — we are marching on it behind this letter'. - شخصیت
الحسن بن علي العلوي الأطروش
The Alid al-Utrush; the Daylamites accepted Islam at his hand in 302, having been Magians. - شخصیت
الحسن بن الصباح
Lord of Alamut and leader of the Isma'ili Batiniyya — Ibn al-'Imad calls him 'a scheming arch-trickster among the devils of mankind'; he died in 518. - شخصیت
القاضي أبو محمد الحداد البصري
- شخصیت
الحسن بن علي
تقریباً مارچ 625 عیسوی · تقریباً رمضان 3 ھElder grandson of the Prophet through Fatima and Ali; briefly caliph in 661 CE before abdicating in favor of Muawiya, an act understood differently across the traditions. - شخصیت
الحسن بن قحطبة
al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba, a commander of the Khurasani armies; in al-Baladhuri: al-Mansur sent him raiding from Hadithat al-Mawsil in year 149, and he went with al-Abbas ibn Muhammad to Malatya and the siege of Kamkh; in Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim's army at Malatya's building in year 140 he would carry stone to hand the builder and fed the people from his own purse with field-kitchens — Abd al-Wahhab denounced him to Abu Ja'far, who answered 'O boy! al-Hasan feeds from his own money, and you feed from mine' and let him feed without a caller — and al-Mahdi sent him raiding in year 162, when he ranged Byzantine lands, chose the site of Madinat al-Hadath and spoke to al-Mahdi of building it and Tarsus. - شخصیت
الحسن بن قتادة أمير مكة
- شخصیت
الحسن بن عمران بن شاهين
Umran ibn Shahin's son and heir in the Batayih; when Adud al-Dawla sent the vizier al-Mutahhar to dam the marsh inlets, Hasan breached the dykes, drowned the works and beat him in a water-battle. - شخصیت
حسنة أم شرحبيل
Wife of Sufyan ibn Ma'mar al-Jumahi and mother of Junada and Jabir, and mother of Shurahbil ibn Hasana; she emigrated to Abyssinia. - شخصیت
حسنويه الكردي
Hasanwayh the Barzikani Kurd, lord of Dinawar and its marches for some fifty years; a disciplined, charitable prince who built the fortress of Sarmadaj and Dinawar's mosque; his sons scattered on his death in 369 till Adud al-Dawla raised Badr among them. - شخصیت
هاشم بن عبد مناف
Son of Abd Manaf who drew the siqaya and rifada in the division of offices and held them all his life; eponym of Banu Hashim, the house from which the Prophet came. - شخصیت
حسان النبطي
Mawla of Banu Dubba, owner of Basra's Hawd Hassan and eponym of Manarat Hassan in the Bata'ih; in al-Baladhuri he reclaimed Bata'ih lands for al-Hajjaj under al-Walid and for Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. - شخصیت
حسان أخو أكيدر
Ukaydir's brother; he went out with him the night Khalid took him, and the Prophet's cavalry killed him, according to Ibn Ishaq. - شخصیت
حسان بن النعمان
- شخصیت
حسان بن النعمان الغساني
Hassan ibn al-Nu'man al-Ghassani; appointed over Ifriqiya, he raided the Berbers' queen al-Kahina who routed him — he lodged the glass-roofed castles in Barqa's bounds named Qusur Hassan for him — then raided her again, killed her, and sent a captivity of Berbers to Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan. - شخصیت
حسان بن كبشة الكندي
Hassan ibn Kabsha (Hassan ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hujr), a king of Kinda: drawn by Banu Amir into their revenge on Tamim after Jabala, he led his retainers to Dhi Najb where Jushaysh ibn Numran struck him dead. - شخصیت
حسان بن مالك بن بحدل
Kalb's chief — alone of Islam's minbars Tiberias refused Ibn al-Zubayr's name, holding out for Khalid ibn Yazid. - شخصیت
حسان بن ملة الضبيبي
Of the Dubayb, Rifa'a ibn Zayd's clan of Judham; he had accompanied Dihya al-Kalbi before the robbery and taught him Umm al-Kitab, spoke for the Dubayb riders who met Zayd ibn Haritha's army, saying we are Muslims, recited Umm al-Kitab to Zayd, and told Rifa'a he sat milking goats while Judham's women were captives; Ibn Hisham: also said to be Hayyan ibn Milla. - شخصیت
حسان بن ثابت
The renowned 'Poet of the Prophet'; an Ansari chief of Banu al-Najjar who defended Islam and the Prophet with his eloquent poetry, endorsed by the Prophet with the supplication 'O God, support him with the Holy Spirit'; lived to over a hundred years. - شخصیت
حاطب بن أبي بلتعة
A Companion settled in Mecca without clan or kin there, a halif with children and wealth among them. When the Prophet resolved on the march to Mecca, Hatib wrote to warn Quraysh; the letter was intercepted, and the tradition holds that the Prophet excused him citing the people of Badr — and that the opening of Sura al-Mumtahana came down concerning him. - شخصیت
حاطب بن الحارث
Of Banu Jumah; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his wife Fatima bint al-Mujallal and his two sons Muhammad and al-Harith, and died there a Muslim. - شخصیت
حاتم الطائي
The proverb of generosity — his grave at Baqqa above the wadi al-Khabil is flanked by eight stone maids with loosed hair like mourners, whose laments are heard by night; the tale of Abu al-Bakhtari whose camel Hatim hamstrung from the grave until Adi replaced it, sent in a dream, made his tomb proverbial for hospitality itself. - شخصیت
حاتم بن النعمان الباهلي
Hatim ibn al-Nu'man al-Bahili; sent to Marw he truced its marzban at a million two hundred thousand — or a million dirhams with two hundred thousand jarib of grain, or a million one hundred thousand uqiyya. - شخصیت
حطاب بن الحارث
Of Banu Jumah, brother of Hatib ibn al-Harith; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his wife Fukayha bint Yasar and died there a Muslim. - شخصیت
هوذة بن علي الحنفي
Hawdha ibn Ali of Banu Hanifa, lord of al-Yamama, surnamed dhu al-taj for the pearl-diadem Khusraw bound on his head; he brought the plundered convoy's owners to Khusraw, declared of Tamim 'only death lies between us', yet begged a hundred Tamimi captives at al-Mushaqqar and freed them. - شخصیت
حيدر بن كاوس الأفشين
Haydar ibn Kawus, the famous al-Afshin; demeaned by his father's favored qahrman he killed him at the city gate, fled to al-Khattl, then showed Islam at Baghdad, taught al-Ma'mun Ushrusana's short road, and was made king after his father. - شخصیت
حيّان بن شريح
Hayyan ibn Shurayh; Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's governor over Egypt — his scribe al-Salt ibn Abi Asim read him Umar's letter stating that Egypt was conquered by force with neither covenant nor contract. - شخصیت
حيان مولى مصقلة
Hayyan, Masmala's mawla of Daylami captivity, Abu Ma'mar, among the noble and leading clients; Yazid sent him to the Ispahbadh and he worked him till the treaty stood at seven hundred thousand dirhams plus four hundred qirats of saffron — and bore himself the difference between the weight-six and weight-seven measures. - شخصیت
الكندهري صاحب صور
The Count of Champagne — nephew of both the French and English kings — took Tyre after the Marquis's killing and married the queen that very night though she was pregnant; ruling the coast after Richard's departure, a prudent and patient man who asked Saladin for a robe of honour, swearing he wore the qaba' and sharbush out of love for him though they were shameful in Frankish eyes — he wore them at Acre; died in 594 falling from a roof. - شخصیت
هرقل
تقریباً 575 عیسویByzantine emperor (610–641) who reconquered Jerusalem from Persia and then watched the Muslim conquest of Syria. The tradition preserves a letter from the Prophet and an audience in which Heraclius questioned Abu Sufyan. - شخصیت
تيودور هرتزل
Theodor Herzl — leader of the Zionist movement who won a two-hour Yıldız audience in 1901 and offered Jewish banking relief of the Ottoman debt for settlement rights in Palestine; Abdülhamid listened, gave nothing, and Herzl concluded the empire had to be shaken first. - شخصیت
هبة الله بن الأكفاني
1052 عیسوی · 444 ھThe Damascene traditionist, hafiz, Shafi'i jurist and historian Abu Muhammad Hibat Allah ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn al-Akfani; born at Damascus in 444 AH and famed for his memorization of hadith. - شخصیت
هلال بن أحوز المازني
Hilal ibn Ahwaz al-Mazini; Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik's grantee of the eight-thousand-jarib Marghab tract at Basra. - شخصیت
هلال بن أمية الواقفي
One of the three who were left behind after Tabuk; of Banu Waqif. An old man, in his wife's words, and she was permitted to serve him during the separation from wives. - شخصیت
حماس بن قيس الديلي
A warrior of Banu Bakr who prepared weapons before the Conquest boasting he would kill Muhammad's companions; he fought at al-Khandama, broke and fled to his house, reciting famous verses to his wife. - شخصیت
هند بنت عتبة
تقریباً 575 عیسویDaughter of the Meccan elder Utba ibn Rabi'a and wife of Abu Sufyan: the sira's most vivid figure of Meccan defiance at Uhud, who converted with the conquest of Mecca; mother of the caliph Mu'awiya. - شخصیت
هند بن أبي هالة
Khadija's son by Abu Hala and the Prophet's stepson; he transmitted the most famous description of the Prophet's bearing and assembly, preserved in the Shamail. - شخصیت
هشام الدستوائي
- شخصیت
هشام الأول بن عبد الرحمن الداخل
تقریباً 757 عیسوی · شوال 139 ھSecond Umayyad emir of Córdoba (AH 172–180): when the astrologer al-Dabbi foretold an eight-year reign he answered 'were those years one prostration to God I would call it obedience' and turned to piety; he finished his father's Great Mosque, rebuilt Córdoba's proverbial bridge — then swore never to cross it when told the people said it was for his hunting — and set zakāt collection on the Book and the Sunna. - شخصیت
هشام بن أبي حذيفة
Of Banu Makhzum; Ibn Ishaq names him among the emigrants to Abyssinia. Ibn Abd al-Barr, cited in the editors' margin, reports that al-Waqidi says 'Hashim ibn Abi Hudhayfa'. - شخصیت
هشام بن الحكم
The leading Rafidi mutakallim of corporealism and imamate doctrine — his Ibadi shop-partner sued for his daughter and was answered 'she is a believer'. - شخصیت
هشام بن الكلبي
The genealogist Ibn al-Kalbi — dead in 204, the year of al-Shafi'i's death. - شخصیت
هشام بن عمرو العامري
A prominent Qurayshi notable of Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy who secretly supplied food to Banu Hashim during the boycott and initiated the effort of the five notables to tear up the unjust charter. - شخصیت
هشام بن عمرو التغلبي
Hisham ibn Amr al-Taghlibi; al-Mansur's Sind governor — Multan retaken, Qandabil's mutaghalliba expelled, Qandahar's budd razed for a mosque, the land prosperous under him. - شخصیت
هشام بن إسماعيل المخزومي
- شخصیت
هشام المؤيد بالله
The Umayyad caliph of al-Andalus acclaimed at nine years old; the hajib Ibn Abi Amir murdered his uncle al-Mughira, isolated him from his wazirs, and reduced his caliphate to the pulpit prayer and the mint legend. - شخصیت
الحباب بن المنذر
A Khazraji Companion whose counsel at Badr — to occupy the nearest well, block the others and build a reservoir — the Prophet accepted, giving the Muslim camp control of the water. - شخصیت
هبار بن الأسود
A Qurashi of Banu Asad; Ibn Ishaq attributes to him the jostling of the Prophet's daughter Zaynab when her husband Abu al-As sent her to Medina, so that she miscarried, and a report says the Prophet ordered him burned if found and then forbade punishing by fire; he embraced Islam at al-Ji'rana after Hunayn, and when people cursed him the Prophet told him to curse back whoever cursed him. - شخصیت
حضير الكتائب
Hudayr, called 'of the Squadrons', father of Usayd ibn Hudayr and the Aws commander on the day of Bu'ath; Khufaf ibn Nadba eulogised him as 'Hudayr of generosity, of squadrons and of council', and it is said he rallied the Aws after the first rout fell on the Khazraj, so they returned and prevailed. - شخصیت
حذيفة بن اليمان
A prominent Companion known as the 'Keeper of the Prophet's Secrets'; at the climax of the Battle of the Trench, the Prophet sent him across the lines on a freezing, gale-swept night into the confederate camp to gather intelligence, bringing back news of Abu Sufyan ordering the final retreat. وهو الذي أفزعه اختلاف أهل الشام والعراق في القراءة بفتح أرمينية فقال لعثمان «أدرك هذه الأمة قبل أن يختلفوا في الكتاب اختلاف اليهود والنصارى» فكان إنذاره سبب نسخ المصاحف. - شخصیت
حذيفة بن بدر الفزاري
Hudhayfa ibn Badr al-Fazari, chief of Fazara; Banu Abs killed him on the day of al-Haba'a — they set his tongue in his behind — the spark that lit the forty-year war of Dahis and Ghabra'. - شخصیت
حذيفة بن محصن
Commander of the conquest; in al-Baladhuri sent by al-Muthanna ibn Haritha with al-Nusayr to Tikrit after the Day of the Bridge; per Attab ibn Ibrahim they safe-conducted Tikrit's people with a written document later enforced by Utba ibn Farqad at al-Tirhan and Mosul. - شخصیت
حجر بن الحارث الكندي
Hujr ibn al-Harith al-Kindi, eldest of al-Harith's sons and father of the poet Imru' al-Qays; placed over Asad, Ghatafan and Kinana with a yearly levy, he seized their chiefs and plundered their goods when they expelled his collectors — until their kahin prophesied his fall and Ilba' ibn al-Harith speared him in his tent, avenging his own father. - شخصیت
هولاكو خان
The Tatar commander who took Baghdad in 656, had al-Musta'sim trampled to death, threw off al-Alqami's Alid scheme to a groom's rank — he died of grief — and wrote Damascus's lord the 'answer the king of the earth' letters. - شخصیت
هليل بن حبشية
The Khuzaʾi ruler of Mecca who gave his daughter Hubba in marriage to Qusayy ibn Kilab; on his death the contest between Quraysh and Khuzaʾa over the custody of the Kaaba began. - شخصیت
حلولو القروي
1412 عیسوی · 815 ھA Maliki jurist of Kairouan, known as Hululu al-Qarawi, of a family from Yazlitan. - شخصیت
حماية بنت بهمن
Humay daughter of Bahman — who converted the great Istakhr building into a fire-temple, whose flame's removal left the ruin folk call Solomon's Mosque. - شخصیت
حميد الطويل
- شخصیت
حميد بن عبد الرحمن الحميري
- شخصیت
حميري بن هلال
Humayri ibn Hilal ibn Ahwaz al-Mazini; he sued Bashir ibn Ubaydallah over the Marghab and lost, Amr ibn Yazid al-Usaydi backing his claim. - شخصیت
حنين بن إسحاق
Al-Wathiq's physician — his lecture on the thirty-two teeth earned a book commission, and his answers on air-altering factors became Kitab al-Masa'il al-Tabi'iyya. - شخصیت
حريث بن جابر الجعفي
One of Ali's men at Siffin — named in one report as the spearman who killed 'Ubayd Allah ibn 'Umar, with variants crediting al-Ashtar or Ali himself. - شخصیت
حريث بن قطبة الخزاعي
Hurayth ibn Qutba al-Khuza'i; with brother Thabit the real commanders of Musa's Tirmidh army via Tarkhun's backing — killed by a stray arrow. - شخصیت
حسام الدين لؤلؤ الحاجب
- شخصیت
حسين الجسر
Husayn al-Jisr al-Tarabulsi (d. 1909 CE) — the Tripoli scholar whose al-Risala al-Hamidiyya defended the Islamic faith against materialism. - شخصیت
حسين الكردي
Husayn al-Kurdi — commander of the Mamluk fleet sent by Qansuh al-Ghawri against the Portuguese: victor at Chaul in 1508, defeated at the famous battle of Diu in 1509. - شخصیت
الحسين القلاس
- شخصیت
حسين باي التونسي
1778 عیسوی · 1192 ھ†Husayn Bey of Tunis (1778–1835 CE) — the Husaynid ruler who built a fleet and a native army, invested by the Ottoman court in 1247 AH. - شخصیت
حسين بن عبد الرحمن الأهدل
تقریباً 1378 عیسوی · 779 ھThe historian Badr al-Din Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Husayn ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Ahdal al-Husayni, a scholar of Yemen known for teaching and for works on history and biography, including 'Tuhfat al-Zaman fi Tarikh Sadat al-Yaman'. - شخصیت
حسين بن عبد الله باسلامة
1881 عیسوی · 1299 ھA scholar from Mecca, born there in 1299 AH, who memorized the Qur'an in one of its kuttab schools. - شخصیت
الأجدابي حسين بن أبي العباس
Maliki jurist, reciter and hadith transmitter of Qayrawan, originally from Ajdabiya in Libya, who studied with the masters of the Qayrawan school. - شخصیت
الحسين بن علي
تقریباً جنوری 626 عیسوی · تقریباً ربیع الاول 4 ھYounger grandson of the Prophet through Fatima and Ali; killed at Karbala in 680 CE after refusing allegiance to Yazid I, an event of lasting significance especially in Shia tradition. - شخصیت
الحسين بن علي المروروذي
Samanid commander who took Sistan in 298, besieging al-Mu'addal ibn al-Layth into surrender and carrying him to Bukhara. - شخصیت
الحسين بن علي صاحب فخ
The Hasanid whose rising in al-Hadi's days ended at Fakhkh beside Mecca. - شخصیت
حسين بن صديق الأهدل
1446 عیسوی · 850 ھThe Yemeni scholar Husayn ibn Siddiq al-Ahdal, born at Bayat in 850 AH and died in 903 AH; he left manuscript works. - شخصیت
حسين بن يحيى الأنصاري
Husayn ibn Yahya al-Ansari — governor of Saragossa who joined the Paderborn conspiracy then repented and shut his city's gates in Charlemagne's face. - شخصیت
حويطب بن عبد العزى
A Meccan nobleman of Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy who witnessed the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyya on Quraysh's side; he embraced Islam at the conquest of Mecca, was granted one hundred camels at al-Ji'rana among al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum, and lived to a very advanced age. - شخصیت
ابن عائشة القرشي
al-Walid's Qurashi singer — made to repeat 'I saw maidens on slaughter-morn' through the Umayyad ancestors till the caliph kissed every limb, cast his own clothes on him and gave a thousand dinars. - شخصیت
ابن عبد البر
Abu 'Amr Ibn 'Abd al-Barr of Cordoba, imam of his age in hadith and athar — al-Baji said there was none like him in al-Andalus, 'the most memorising of the Maghreb's people'; his Tamhid on the Muwatta' in seventy parts drew Ibn Hazm's verdict that nothing on fiqh al-hadith equals it. - شخصیت
ابن عبد الله بن عمير الليثي
Ibn Abdallah ibn Umayr al-Laythi, Ibn Amir's maternal half-brother; Qutayba's deputy over Sijistan on his return to Khurasan. - شخصیت
ابن عبدوس الجهشياري
The historian whose annals of al-Muqtadir ran to thousands of folios. - شخصیت
ابن أبي الأحوص الحسين بن عبد العزيز
1206 عیسوی · 603 ھA reciter, Qur'an commentator, hadith scholar and Arabic grammarian. Born in Jaen and settled in Granada; known as Ibn al-Nazir. - شخصیت
عبد الكريم بن أبي العوجاء
Abd al-Karim ibn Abi al-Awja' — the most famous of the accused zindiqs, author (per al-Mas'udi) of works in the Manichaean, Daysanite and Marcionite doctrines. - شخصیت
ابن أبي الإصبع، أبو محمد زكي الدين بن ظافر
تقریباً 1199 عیسوی · 595 ھAn Egyptian writer and man of letters, raised in the schools of Egypt under the Ayyubids and part of the Bahri Mamluk period, author of works on rhetoric and figures of speech. - شخصیت
ابن أبي العز الحنفي
731 ھThe Hanafi chief judge Sadr al-Din, commentator on the Tahawi creed, called a chief judge on the title page of the edition. - شخصیت
ابن أبي الشوارب
The judge brought with the witnesses when the Turks deposed al-Mu'tazz in 255. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن محمد بن أبي عون
A follower of al-Shalmaghani; ordered to slap him he kissed his beard and head instead, and was crucified and burned with him in Dhu'l-Qa'da 322. - شخصیت
ابن أبي بكار الزبير أبو عبيد الله
788 عیسوی · 172 ھAbu Ubayd Allah al-Zubayr ibn Abi Bakr, known as Bakkar, of Medina, born there in 172 AH (788 CE) and taught by his father and others; died 256 AH (870 CE). - شخصیت
ابن أبي ذئب
Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Rahman Abu'l-Harith, dead at Kufa in 159. - شخصیت
ابن أبي الدنيا
Abu Bakr Ibn Abi l-Dunya, al-Muktafi's tutor and prolific author of zuhd works — died Muharram 281. - شخصیت
ابن أبي نعيم
The satirist whose 'a judge who sees the hadd for zina but none for liwat' earned him exile to Sind. - شخصیت
ابن أبي أسامة الحارث بن محمد
802 عیسوی · 186 ھA hadith scholar and transmitter of reports from Baghdad, well versed in the Qur'anic readings and described as reliable. - شخصیت
ابن أبي أصيبعة أحمد بن القاسم
A physician and historian of medicine from a Damascene family, author of ʿUyun al-Anba' fi Tabaqat al-Atibba'. - شخصیت
ابن أدهم
Ascetic and hadith transmitter from Balkh, remembered among the early Sufi ascetics. - شخصیت
ابن عائشة العباسي
The Imam Ibrahim's grandson — ridden to al-Mutbaq by night and killed by al-Ma'mun in 209, the first 'Abbasid crucified in Islam. - شخصیت
ابن آجروم
1273 عیسوی · 672 ھSanhaji jurist and grammarian of Fez, known for Arabic grammar and a reputation for asceticism. - شخصیت
ابن أخي ربيع الصباغ الكلابي
A scholar of Cordoba, client of the Umayyads, known as Ibn Akhi Rabi al-Sabbagh, who studied in al-Andalus. - شخصیت
ابن الأبار محمد بن عبد الله
1199 عیسوی · 595 ھA historian, hadith scholar, linguist and poet from Valencia (Balansiya) in eastern al-Andalus, author of al-Takmila li-Kitab al-Silla. - شخصیت
ابن الأبرش خلف بن يوسف
An Andalusian grammarian and poet from Santarem (Shantarin), who died in Cordoba in 532 AH. - شخصیت
ابن الأفطس صاحب بطليوس
Abu Muhammad Abdallah b. Maslama al-Tajibi, Ibn al-Aftas, who seized Badajoz in the fitna of 461; his son al-Muzaffar Abu Bakr was among the greatest taifa kings until Yusuf b. Tashfin killed the last of them in 489. - شخصیت
ابن الأفطس العلوي
The Alid who seized Mecca in 199 AH and led the Muzdalifa rites himself. - شخصیت
أبو عبد الله ابن الأحمر سلطان الأندلس
The Muslim sultan of al-Andalus who in 663 beat the Franks and took back thirty-two towns, Seville and Murcia among them. - شخصیت
ابن الأحمر إسماعيل بن يوسف
تقریباً 1324 عیسوی · تقریباً 724 ھ†An Andalusian man of letters and historian of the Nasrid family in Granada. After leaving Granada with his father he lived in Bougie and then Fez. - شخصیت
ابن الأجدابي إبراهيم بن إسماعيل
A jurist from Tripoli in Libya, named after the town of Ajdabiya. The sources give only a brief biography, and his death is given as around 470 AH. - شخصیت
ابن الأخرم
864 عیسوی · 250 ھHadith scholar of Nishapur in the fourth century AH. - شخصیت
محمود بن أحمد ابن الأمشاطي
1412 عیسوی · 815 ھThe Cairene Hanafi scholar Muzaffar al-Din Abu al-Thana Mahmud ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn al-Amshati, of Egyptian residence and Ayntab origin. - شخصیت
ابن الأندرزغز
Lord of Barusma; in al-Baladhuri he made peace with Abu Ubayd ibn Mas'ud at four dirhams per head on condition of withdrawal. - شخصیت
ابن الأعرابي أحمد بن محمد
861 عیسوی · 246 ھA hadith scholar, memorizer, historian and ascetic Sufi from Basra, learned in hadith and biographical classes. - شخصیت
ابن الأعرابي محمد بن زياد
767 عیسوی · 150 ھA Kufan philologist. His father Ziyad was a Sindhi slave of Sulayman ibn Mujalid. - شخصیت
ابن الأثير الجزري
1149 عیسوی · 544 ھThe hadith scholar and jurist Majd al-Din Abu al-Sa'adat al-Mubarak ibn Muhammad al-Jazari al-Shaybani, the eldest of the three Ibn al-Athir brothers; he served the chanceries of the Jazira and Mosul, and after gout crippled him he produced most of his works by dictation, among them 'al-Nihaya fi Gharib al-Hadith' and 'Jami' al-Usul'. - شخصیت
ابن الأثير ضياء الدين
1162 عیسوی · 558 ھThe man of letters Diya' al-Din Abu al-Fath Nasr Allah ibn Muhammad al-Jazari al-Shaybani, third of the Ibn al-Athir brothers; author of 'al-Mathal al-Sa'ir fi Adab al-Katib wa-l-Sha'ir' on the craft of the pen, and served the Atabeg chanceries of Mosul. - شخصیت
ابن الأثير عماد الدين
تقریباً 1245 عیسوی · تقریباً 643 ھ†The historian Imad al-Din Isma'il ibn Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Jazari al-Shaybani, of the Ibn al-Athir scholarly family; author of 'al-Bahir fi Tarikh Dawlat al-Atabika bi-l-Mawsil', combining historical narrative with verse. - شخصیت
ابن الأثير عز الدين
The historian and hadith scholar Izz al-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Jazari al-Shaybani; author of 'al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh', the annalistic chronicle from the creation to his own day, 'Asad al-Ghaba fi Ma'rifat al-Sahaba' and 'al-Lubab fi Tahdhib al-Ansab', living retired for scholarship at Mosul. - شخصیت
ابن الأثير نجم الدين
The chancery writer Najm al-Din Ahmad ibn Isma'il ibn Sa'id al-Jazari al-Shaybani, of the Ibn al-Athir family; known for the art of insha' (official letter-writing) and served the chanceries of his day at Mosul. - شخصیت
ابن البذوخ عمر بن علي
A Moroccan physician and pharmacist, expert in simple and compound drugs and their preparation, who also wrote poetry. - شخصیت
ابن البغيل أبو جعفر أحمد بن قاسم
Jurist, lexicographer and historian from Almeria in al-Andalus, of Murcian origin; died 750 AH (1349 CE). - شخصیت
ابن البناء
A jurist, Qur'an reciter, hadith scholar and preacher of Baghdad; the book records that he wrote nearly five hundred works, among them al-Mujarrad on jurisprudence and a commentary on al-Kharaqi. - شخصیت
ابن البناء المراكشي أحمد بن محمد
1256 عیسوی · 654 ھA scholar of Marrakesh in mathematics, arithmetic and astronomy, who wrote on the arithmetical sciences. - شخصیت
ابن البراج عبد العزيز بن نحرير
Judge of Tripoli in Syria under its emirs; known by the honorific Izz al-Mu'minin. - شخصیت
ابن البيطار
Ibn al-Baytar, the peerless physician and herbalist of Malaga, author of the Mufradat of simples — knowledge of plants, their properties, virtues and habitats ended with him; he served al-Kamil then his son al-Salih and was chief physician in Egypt, dying at Damascus in Sha'ban 646. - شخصیت
ابن البيطار أبو محمد عبد الله بن أحمد
Scholar of plants, drugs and medicine from Malaga in al-Andalus; died 646 AH (1248 CE). - شخصیت
ابن البطر أبو الخطاب نصر بن أحمد
1007 عیسوی · 398 ھOf Baghdad, named after the Gharba quarter and known as al-Bazzaz; died 494 AH (1100 CE). - شخصیت
ابن الدغنة
A chief of al-Qara who gave Abu Bakr protection when he set out to emigrate to Abyssinia and brought him back to Mecca. - شخصیت
عبد الرحيم بن عبد الرحمن بن الفرس القحطاني
A scholar of al-Andalus known as al-Mihr who, after al-Mansur's death, emerged at Cazalla claiming the imamate and the Qahtani of the hadith; al-Nasir's armies killed him and his head was posted at Marrakesh. - شخصیت
ابن الحبّر
Yahya ibn Abd al-Malik al-Ghafiqi, Abu al-Hasan, called Ibn al-Habbar, an Andalusi of Murcia who came with the refugee community; skilled only in penmanship, he rose from Ibn Abi al-Husayn's service to the diwan and then to al-Wathiq's seal, dominated state and sultan, tortured Ibn Abi al-Husayn to death in Dhu al-Hijja 676 over a hoard of six hundred thousand dinars dug from his house, and was cut down by the assembly at the sultan's gate on 1 Dhu al-Qa'da 677, his head thrown to the mob. - شخصیت
القاضي ابن الحداد المصري
- شخصیت
ابن الحاجب
Ibn al-Hajib, the Kurdish grammarian of Isnā in Upper Egypt — his father chamberlain to the amir Musak; he mastered qira'at, usul and Arabic, and fiqh on Malik's school. When Ibn Abd al-Salam was jailed for denouncing the sultan, Ibn al-Hajib entered the prison with him in solidarity; he later moved to Damascus and taught in the Maliki zawiya to crowded pupils. - شخصیت
ابن الحشاء أبو جعفر أحمد بن محمد
Physician who lived in Tunis in the first half of the seventh century AH; died 647 AH (1249 CE). - شخصیت
ابن الحمصي أحمد بن محمد
1437 عیسوی · 841 ھOf Homs origin, born and died there, with a share in the learning of his age. - شخصیت
ابن الجباب أبو عمر أحمد بن خالد
860 عیسوی · 246 ھAbu Amr Ahmad ibn Khalid ibn Yazid ibn al-Jabbab, of Jaen origin, who settled in Cordoba; born 246 AH (860 CE), died 322 AH (933 CE). - شخصیت
ابن الجوزي
Abd al-Rahman ibn Ali ibn al-Jawzi, historian-preacher, author of the Abbasid-caliph history ending in al-Nasir's days. - شخصیت
ابن الجزري محمد بن إبراهيم
1259 عیسوی · 658 ھOriginally from Jazirat Ibn Umar, one of the leading authorities on the readings and hadith of his time. - شخصیت
ابن الجزار أحمد بن إبراهيم
898 عیسوی · 285 ھA physician from Kairouan, one of the leading physicians of his time, who wrote on medicine and drugs. - شخصیت
ابن الجيعان أبو البقاء محمد بن يحيى
Shafi'i judge of Damietta origin, known for learning and charity; died 902 AH (1496 CE). - شخصیت
ابن الجبراني
تقریباً 1166 عیسوی · 561 ھIbn al-Jubrani — the Aleppine philologist of Jubran Qurastaya who held the east maqsura of Aleppo's Jami', where Ibn Khallikan heard him discourse on the quadrisemy of waw-initial verbs; a master of Qur'anic sciences, language and grammar who, per Ibn al-Sha'ar, hoarded his hard-won fortune and left no famous pupil; died 7 Rajab 628, buried at Jabal Jawshan. - شخصیت
ابن الخلخالي شمس الدين محمد بن مظفر
Shafi'i imam named after Khankhal, a village near Sultaniyya; died 745 AH (1344 CE). - شخصیت
محمد بن سليمان بن الخناط القرطبي
Cordoban poet of humble origin — his father sold wheat — whom the Banu Dhi'l-Nun educated and who became the Hammudid court poet, dying in 437. - شخصیت
ابن الخراط
Ibn al-Kharrat the Sevillian hafiz, author of al-Ahkam al-Kubra and al-Jam' bayn al-Sahihayn; he settled at Bijaya as its preacher and died there in 582 after suffering at the hands of the state, contented, ascetic, holding fast to the Sunna. - شخصیت
ابن الخشاب عبد الله بن أحمد
1099 عیسوی · 492 ھA Baghdad grammarian, about whom the sources record little. - شخصیت
لسان الدين ابن الخطيب
Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, vizier and writer of Granada's Ibn al-Ahmar; he preached at the Alhambra congregational mosque under Abu al-Hajjaj, was summoned by Sultan Abu Inan in 754 AH and sent to Tunis in 758 to ask for the sultan's daughter, imprisoned at Constantine and freed before Abu Inan's death, then held Granada's vizierate; after his falls he reached Cairo where his wares sold — candidate for the Maliki bench, bound to teaching — dying in 781 AH; from his cell he appealed to Ibn Khaldun, whose intercession failed, and he was killed in prison. - شخصیت
ابن الخراساني أبو العز محمد بن محمد
1100 عیسوی · 494 ھGrammarian, prosodist, poet and writer; born 494 AH (1100 CE) and died 576 AH (1180 CE); sources record only some of his teachers. - شخصیت
ابن المازيار
Abu Ma'shar's pupil, author of the Muntakhab of the Kitab al-Uluf on the great buildings raised each millennium. - شخصیت
شمس الدين ابن المقدم
Greatest of the Salahiyya amirs — given Saladin's leave after Jerusalem's fall to make Hajj from the Holy City itself, he led the great Syrian caravan of 583; refusing the Iraqi amir al-hajj's claim of precedence at Arafat, he was mortally wounded in the ensuing attack while holding his men from fighting for the sanctity of place and day, and died at Mina. - شخصیت
ابن المقفع
Abdallah ibn al-Muqaffa'; the famed chancery secretary, Baladhuri's source for the Persian zamam, seals and diwan usages. - شخصیت
أبو القاسم علي بن المسلمة
- شخصیت
أحمد بن إبراهيم بن النحاس الدمشقي
Damascene Shafi'i who asked in the opening of his Mashari' al-Ashwaq for 'the highest rank of martyrdom' — and was killed facing the Franks in the great fight at Damietta in 814. - شخصیت
ابن القاضي
Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Maghribi al-Muqri — Ibn al-Qadi, resident in Egypt, author of Azhar al-Riyad fi Akhbar Iyad. - شخصیت
ابن القدوة
Majd al-Din Abd al-Majid ibn Umar, known as Ibn al-Qadwa — Karrami shaykh of the Haythamiyya branch, honoured at Firuzkuh for his asceticism and learning; debated Fakhr al-Din al-Razi before Sultan Ghiyath al-Din in 595 and, insulted at the session, preached the next day disavowing Aristotle, Ibn Sina and al-Farabi, moving the crowd to a riot the sultan had to put down. - شخصیت
ابن القرية
In al-Baladhuri, who quipped on Wasit's building: 'he built it in a land not his own and will leave it to sons not his own.' - شخصیت
ابن الصلاح
The hadith master Abu Amr ibn al-Salah; author of the dictation 'al-Ahadith al-Kulliyya', twenty-six comprehensive hadiths on which al-Nawawi built his 'Arba'un'. - شخصیت
ابن السماك الواعظ
A preacher who asked al-Rashid, as he raised a cup of water: 'Had this sip been denied you, what would you have paid for it?' 'Half my kingdom.' 'And for its exit from your body?' 'All my kingdom.' 'A kingdom priced at a sip of water is hardly worth contesting' — and Harun wept. - شخصیت
ابن الشجري
Abu al-Sa'adat Hibatullah ibn Ali Ibn al-Shajari, d. AH 572 — his Amali spans eight volumes in five branches of adab. - شخصیت
ابن الشاطر
The Damascene muwaqqit-instrument maker who, finding no existing instrument — astrolabe, shakkaziyya or zarqala — could serve every horary work at every latitude without defect, designed 'al-rub' al-tamm', the complete quadrant answering all works at all horizons. - شخصیت
ابن التين عبد الواحد بن عمر
A scholar from Sfax in Tunisia, known as Ibn al-Tin. - شخصیت
أبو بكر ابن عمار الشاعر الوزير
Abu Bakr ibn Ammar, poet and wazir of al-Mu'tamid at Seville, also styled Dhu'l-Wizaratayn; present at the river-meeting where the washerwoman Rimaykiyya capped the king's verse — but his famous Lamiyya sneering 'a Rimaykiyya worth not a sandal-strap' set al-Mu'tamid against him until the king killed him, burying the axe-head in his skull, at which she quipped 'Ibn Ammar is still anointed'. - شخصیت
ابن عقيل شيخ الحنابلة
Shaykh of the Hanbalis who washed the caliph al-Mustazhir's body in 512. - شخصیت
محيي الدين ابن العربي
The 'Greatest Shaykh' Muhyi al-Din Ibn Arabi, author of the Futuhat, buried at the foot of Qasiyun in Damascus where his son Sa'd al-Din was later laid beside him. - شخصیت
ابن أرقم النميري
Andalusi scholar and poet who travelled to Ceuta and took part in the affairs of his time. - شخصیت
ابن عساكر
تقریباً 1105 عیسوی · تقریباً 499 ھDamascus' muhaddith, author of the eighty-volume Tarikh Dimashq — Ibn Shuhba: 'the glory of the Shafi'is, imam and standard-bearer of the hadith-folk'; he heard from some 1,300 shaykhs and eighty women, completed the Qur'an weekly and daily in Ramadan, declined office, and rests at Bab al-Saghir. - شخصیت
أبو يحيى ابن عاصم الغرناطي
Abu Yahya ibn Asim — Granadan ra'is, qadi, scholar, secretary and vizier, author of Jannat al-Rida fi'l-taslim li-ma qaddara Allah wa-qada, which reads al-Andalus's fall as the harvest of division the Christians sowed among its kings. - شخصیت
أحمد بن محمد الكوفي ابن أعثم
The historian Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Kufi, known as Ibn A'tham, author of 'al-Futuh', which arranges Islamic history from the Prophet's death and the Saqifa of Banu Sa'ida onward and records its personalities. - شخصیت
ابن أيبك الداوداري
تقریباً 1286 عیسوی · تقریباً 685 ھThe historian Abu Bakr ibn Abd Allah ibn Aybak al-Dawadari, author of the historical encyclopedia 'Kanz al-Durar wa-Jami al-Gurar', which combines political reports with literary anecdotes and poetry. - شخصیت
ابن عيشون الحراني القاضي
The Harranian judge, a man of learning who died after 300; his long qasida on the Sabians' doctrines describes the temple Mighlitiya, its four vaults of planet-shaped idols, and the priests speaking through hidden pipes so the hollow images seemed to talk. - شخصیت
ابن بابشاذ
Grammarian who taught grammar at the Amr ibn al-As mosque in Cairo and wrote a grammar commentary known to later grammarians. - شخصیت
عبد القادر بن بدران
A Damascene Hanbali scholar, author of al-Madkhal ila Madhhab al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal; he died in Damascus in 1346 AH. - شخصیت
ابن باجة
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Bajja of Zaragoza, a philosopher of Islam, also a fine poet and genealogist; author of many works including a collection on philosophy, medicine and the natural sciences, he died young at Fez — the Franks call him Avempace. - شخصیت
ابن بكر محمد بن يحيى
1276 عیسوی · 674 ھA Maliki jurist from Malaga in al-Andalus, known as Ibn Bakr. - شخصیت
ابن بلبان علاء الدين علي
1276 عیسوی · 675 ھScholar known as al-Farisi, born 675 AH (1276 CE) and died 739 AH (1339 CE). - شخصیت
ابن بقي يحيى بن أحمد
An Andalusian poet. The sources differ on the name of his father. - شخصیت
ابن بريق أبو حفص
Andalusi physician of the fourth century AH who studied medicine in Qayrawan with Ibn al-Jazzar and returned to al-Andalus with his teacher's book on medicine and remedies. - شخصیت
ابن برجان عبد السلام بن عبد الرحمن
An ascetic Sufi and theologian from the Maghrib, known for his preaching and for Sufism and kalam. - شخصیت
ابن بري عبد الله بن أبي الوحش
1106 عیسوی · 499 ھEgyptian lexicographer and grammarian, born and died in Egypt; his father was a scribe. - شخصیت
ابن بري علي بن محمد
تقریباً 1261 عیسوی · 660 ھMaghrebi reader, jurist, grammarian and writer from Taza who headed the chancery at Fez under the Marinid sultan Abu Sa'id, taught readings at the Qarawiyyin, and influenced the science of recitation through his poem al-Durar al-Lawami. - شخصیت
ابن بيرزان صاحب الرملة ونابلس
Ibn Barzan, lord of Ramla and Nablus — the greatest of the Franks after their king; taken at the Ford of Sorrows in 575 with his brother of Jubayl, the lord of Tiberias and the Templar and Hospitaller masters, and ransomed for 150,000 Tyrian dinars plus a thousand Muslim captives. - شخصیت
ابن بشكوال خلف بن عبد الملك
1101 عیسوی · 494 ھAn Andalusian historian and hadith scholar, author of al-Silla, a biographical dictionary of al-Andalus' scholars. - شخصیت
ابن بطة العكبري عبيد الله بن محمد
917 عیسوی · 304 ھBorn in Ukbara near Baghdad, a Hanbali jurist and hadith scholar. - شخصیت
ابن بطال
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Khalaf ibn Battal al-Maliki — the hafiz author of al-I'tisam fi'l-Hadith. - شخصیت
ابن بطوطة محمد بن عبد الله
1304 عیسوی · 703 ھA Moroccan traveller from Tangier who visited many lands of the Islamic world and wrote his famous travelogue. - شخصیت
ابن باز عبد العزيز بن عبد الله
1912 عیسوی · 1330 ھA Saudi scholar born in Riyadh in 1330 AH. He lost his sight during his early studies. - شخصیت
ابن بكير أبو عبد الله الحسين بن أحمد
938 عیسوی · 327 ھBaghdadi hadith memorist known only from reports of his transmission and of his teachers; died 388 AH (998 CE). - شخصیت
أحمد بن بورد الأكبر
Abu Hafs Ibn Burd the Elder, the Amirid wazir who drafted Hisham's heir-designation deed for Sanjul in Rabi I 398. - شخصیت
ابن دقيق العيد
Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ali Ibn Daqiq al-Id, d. AH 702 — his Ilmam collected the legal hadiths' texts, and his own sharh 'al-Imam' was called the greatest of its kind, yet only a little survived his death. - شخصیت
ابن دراج الطفيلي
The most famous gatecrasher: outplayed Ibn al-Mudabbir's household at chess, backgammon, lute and tanbur, then put fifty lead pellets into the chamberlain's backside without a miss. - شخصیت
صارم الدين ابن دقماق
تقریباً 1349 عیسوی · تقریباً 750 ھThe Cairene soldier-turned-historian Ibn Duqmaq (d. 809) — wrote nearly two hundred volumes: a great annals history, an alphabetical one, two volumes on the Turkish dynasty, a separate biography of Barquq, and a Hanafi tabaqat for which he was tested. - شخصیت
ابن دريد أبو بكر
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Durayd — poet and philologist who died at Baghdad in 321 in al-Qahir's reign; al-Mas'udi ranks him successor to al-Khalil in language and cites his muqassura in praise of al-Shah ibn Mikal. - شخصیت
ابن درستويه
Ibn Durustawayh — Baghdad grammarian who, like al-Mubarrad, prized and transmitted Kitab al-Ayn; the source of nearly all of Abu Ishaq al-Zajjaj's lore. - شخصیت
ابن فضل الله العمري
1301 عیسوی · 700 ھShihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Fadl Allah al-Umari (700–749 AH), head of the Mamluk chancery's correspondence bureau and author of Masalik al-Absar and al-Ta'rif bi'l-Mustalah al-Sharif — who begged the reader's pardon that he 'had not braved Tihama nor plunged into Iraq': a compiler from books and informants, not a traveller. - شخصیت
ابن فهد جار الله محب الدين محمد
1486 عیسوی · 891 ھMeccan historian of the Hashimi lineage, descended from Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya; born 891 AH (1486 CE), died 954 AH (1547 CE). - شخصیت
ابن غنائم بن العديم
The Aleppine qadi of the Ibn al-Adim house — 'one of the devout who act on their knowledge; if one said none in his age worshipped more, he would speak truth — he is of our teachers; we heard hadith from him' — died 628. - شخصیت
شيخ الإسلام ابن حجر العسقلاني
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, author of Inba' al-Ghumr — Suyuti's source for events to 850 — who hymned the caliph-sultan al-Musta'in and died under al-Mustakfi II. - شخصیت
ابن حمادوش عبد الرزاق بن محمد
1695 عیسوی · 1107 ھAn Algerian scholar known for his interest in the sciences, who left a well-known autobiography. - شخصیت
ابن حمدون محمد بن الحسين
From a Baghdad literary family that was active in the third century AH and produced several notable writers. - شخصیت
ابن حامد
The leading Hanbali scholar and teacher of his time, the master of the judge Abu Ya'la; he wrote al-Jami' fi al-Madhhab and a commentary on al-Kharaqi. - شخصیت
ابن حوط الله الأنصاري
Ibn Hawtallah al-Ansari al-Harithi — jurist, usuli, secretary, poet and preacher, qadi in turn of Seville, Cordoba, Murcia, Ceuta, Sale and Majorca, 'one of the scholars who worked'; he heard hadith with a sama' none in the West shared and read some sixty works, most under Ibn Hubaysh, Ibn al-Fakhkhar and al-Suhayli; born Muharram 541, died at Granada Thursday 2 Rabi I 612 and was carried in his coffin to burial in Malaga. - شخصیت
ابن حي التجيبي الحسن بن محمد
Of the Tujib branch of Kinda, known as Ibn Hayy and called al-Qurtubi as a native of Cordoba; died 456 AH (1063 CE). - شخصیت
ابن حيان أبو مروان
987 عیسوی · 377 ھAn Andalusian historian from Cordoba, author of al-Muqtabas on the history of al-Andalus. - شخصیت
ابن حيان المؤرخ الأندلسي
Abu Marwan Ibn Hayyan, the Andalusi historian whose Muqtabis, Matin, book of the Amirid state and 'Great History of the People of al-Andalus' al-Maqqari cites dozens of times for the conquest and the Umayyad centuries — including his note that Cordoba's great bridge was built by order of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz. - شخصیت
أبو محمد ابن حزم الأندلسي
Abu Muhammad Ali b. Ahmad Ibn Hazm, the Zahiri imam of al-Andalus, author of Tawq al-Hamama and al-Fisal. - شخصیت
عبد الملك بن هشام
Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham — the redactor of Ibn Ishaq's Sira and author of Ansab Himyar. - شخصیت
ابن هبيرة وزير المقتفي
Al-Muqtafi's vizier; when Mas'ud's men overreached and open war was impossible, he and the caliph cursed him secretly at dawn each night for a month from 29 Jumada I — and when the month completed Mas'ud died on his bed, neither a day more nor less. - شخصیت
ابن حبيش الحافظ
Abd al-Rahman ibn Hubaysh al-Ansari of Almeria — 'the last of the huffaz in al-Andalus'; caught in the citadel in the sack of 542, he told Emperor Alfonso VII 'I know your pedigree better than you — back to Heraclius,' recited it, and won free departure for his household; teacher of Ibn Dihya, Ibn Hawt Allah and Abu al-Rabi al-Kila'i. - شخصیت
محمد بن يوسف بن هود
Muhammad ibn Yusuf Ibn Hud al-Judhami, who rose against the Almohads and took most of al-Andalus; he proclaimed the Abbasid caliph, and the investiture document and black robes arrived from Baghdad — its day 'resembling the day the black banners came out of Khurasan', and the Abbasid da'wa was preached again in al-Andalus. - شخصیت
ابن هذيل يحيى بن أحمد
A physician and mathematician from Granada, linked to the Tujib tribe. - شخصیت
ابن هرمز الأعرج القارئ
Ibn Hurmuz al-A'raj al-Qari; he used to say 'the best of your coasts for ribat is Alexandria', and went out to it from Medina as a murabit, dying there in year 117. - شخصیت
ابن إياس محمد بن أحمد
1448 عیسوی · 852 ھThe leading historian of the last Mamluk period in Egypt and Syria and the early Ottoman period. A Hanafi. - شخصیت
ابن إياز جمال الدين
The Baghdad grammarian Jamal al-Din Abu Muhammad al-Husayn ibn Badr ibn Iyaz, who taught at the Mustansiriya madrasa and wrote on grammar and morphology, including 'al-Mahsul fi Sharh al-Fusul' and 'Qawa'id al-Mutarahah'. - شخصیت
ابن جابر الأندلسي محمد بن أحمد
1298 عیسوی · 698 ھAn Andalusian poet and scholar of Arabic from Almeria. - شخصیت
ابن جماعة بدر الدين محمد بن إبراهيم
1241 عیسوی · 639 ھA Shafi'i jurist, hadith scholar and grammarian, among the leading scholars of Cairo and Damascus in his time. - شخصیت
الجنابذي عبد العزيز بن محمود
1129 عیسوی · 524 ھA hadith scholar and jurist of Baghdad, of the Janabadh family, known for learning in Baghdad. - شخصیت
ابن جون السكسكي
'Ammar ibn Yasir's co-killer at Siffin with Abu'l-'Adiyya — dismissed from the spoils-claim by 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr's citation of the Prophet's praise of 'Ammar. - شخصیت
ابن جبير محمد بن أحمد الكناني
An Andalusian traveller from Valencia and Granada who made the Hajj and wrote the travelogue known by his name. - شخصیت
محمد بن جزي الكلبي
The Granadan chancery writer who served Abu Yusuf then Abu Inan — and it was his pen that set down and ordered Ibn Battuta's travelogue; the Nafh preserves his improvised lam-verse reconciling the scribes' and sword-men's similes. - شخصیت
ابن كج
Ibn Kajj the Shafi'i of Dinawar, combining scholarly and worldly eminence; when Sanji told him 'the name is Abu Hamid's but the knowledge yours' he answered 'Baghdad lifted him and Dinawar dropped me' — killed by the 'ayyarun at Dinawar on 27 Ramadan 405. - شخصیت
أبو إسحاق ابن خفاجة
Al-Andalus's celebrated nature poet who, asked by Abu'l-Arab how he fared at eighty-one, answered in his famous self-elegy; his 'a paradise in al-Andalus' verses stand among the land's great praises. - شخصیت
ابن خفاجة إبراهيم بن أبي الفتح
1058 عیسوی · 450 ھAn Andalusian poet from Jazirat Shuqr, known for his nature description. - شخصیت
ابن خلدون
1332 عیسوی · 732 ھAbd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Khaldun al-Hadrami, author of the Muqaddima and the Kitab al-'Ibar (d. 808 AH). - شخصیت
ابن خليل الدمشقي أبو الحجاج يوسف
1160 عیسوی · 555 ھShams al-Din Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Khalil of Damascus and later Aleppo; born 555 AH (1160 CE) and died 648 AH (1250 CE). - شخصیت
ابن خلكان
تقریباً 1211 عیسوی · تقریباً 608 ھIbn Khallikan, chief qadi of Damascus and author of Wafayat al-A'yan — born at Irbil 608, trained under Kamal al-Din ibn Yunus at Mosul and Ibn Shaddad in Syria, twice appointed and twice dismissed from the Damascus qadaship; al-Dhahabi: 'he compiled a precious book on the deaths of the notables'. - شخصیت
ابن خاقان الفتح بن محمد القيسي
1087 عیسوی · 480 ھA man of letters from Seville, author of Qala'id al-Iqyan and Matmah al-Anfus. - شخصیت
ابن خير الإشبيلي
1108 عیسوی · 502 ھAn Andalusian scholar from Seville, a client of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'mur, and a hadith transmitter known for a well-known index of his transmissions. - شخصیت
ابن خمير علي بن أحمد
An Umayyad scholar from Ceuta, known as Ibn Khumayr. - شخصیت
ابن خميس الحسين بن نصر
1073 عیسوی · 466 ھA hadith scholar and jurist from Mosul, of the Juhayna tribe, born in 466 AH and died in 552 AH. - شخصیت
ابن خرداذبه عبيد الله بن عبد الله
820 عیسوی · 205 ھA historian and geographer of encyclopaedic learning, author of al-Masalik wa-l-Mamalik. - شخصیت
محمد بن إسحاق بن خزيمة النيسابوري
The imam of Nishapur in hadith; he rebuked a student for writing from al-Tabari under Hanbali pressure, then judged after reading the Tafsir: no one on earth is more learned than Abu Ja'far, and the Hanbalis wronged him. - شخصیت
ابن خزيمة محمد بن إسحاق
838 عیسوی · 223 ھImam of the imams and hadith scholar of Nishapur, author of the Sahih known as Sahih Ibn Khuzayma. - شخصیت
ابن ماجه
The muhaddith of Qazvin, author of the Sunan counted by later scholars as the sixth of the six books; he travelled for hadith to Iraq, the Hijaz, al-Sham and Egypt, and his collection is noted for renunciation and tribulation reports not found in the two Sahihs. - شخصیت
ابن مالك النحوي
Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Ta'i al-Jayyani, known as Ibn Malik the grammarian, d. AH 672 — author of the Alfiyya. - شخصیت
أبو بكر ابن منده
The Isfahani hafiz Abu Bakr ibn Manda — author of the first of the four books of Companion names, exhausted by Ibn al-Athir under siglum (د) and continued by Abu Musa al-Madini. - شخصیت
ابن مردنيش صاحب شرق الأندلس
Ibn Mardanish (Muhammad ibn Sa'd), king of eastern al-Andalus in the Almoravid collapse — he fought Abd al-Mu'min's Almohads with Christian aid until Abd al-Mu'min crushed him and his captain Ibn Hamushk at the Field of Granada and took the city from him in 557. - شخصیت
ابن مشاد
Dinawar's ascetic elder, slaughtered after being struck with his own mushaf. - شخصیت
ابن معاذ الجياني محمد
989 عیسوی · 379 ھA mathematician and astronomer from an Andalusian family, named after Jaen. - شخصیت
ابن محرز المغني
One of the singers carried to al-Walid's court. - شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن مقانا الأشبوني القيسي
Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman b. Muqana al-Ishbuni, a frontier poet whose nuniyya to the veiled Hammudid at Malaga made the caliph raise the curtain himself. - شخصیت
جمال الدين ابن نباتة المصري
Jamal al-Din Ibn Nubata al-Misri, the celebrated secretary of chancery; his insha' includes the waqf titulature for Abu al-Hasan al-Marini's three endowed mushafs — 'who stretched his right hand with sword and pen'. - شخصیت
ابن قاضي شهبة
Qadi Taqi al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn Qadi Shuhba al-Dimashqi, d. AH 851 — author of al-I'lam bi-Tarikh Ahl al-Islam. - شخصیت
عبد الله بن قيس الرقيات
The poet on Yazid — 'the world and Salama the priest's girl have seduced him leaving no wit or soul' — and on Mus'ab's radiant beauty. - شخصیت
ابن قيم الجوزية
Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya al-Hanbali al-Dimashqi, d. AH 751 — author of I'lam al-Muwaqqi'in. - شخصیت
ابن قدامة المقدسي
تقریباً 1146 عیسوی · 541 ھA Hanbali jurist of the Maqdisi family, titled Muwaffaq al-Din, author of Lum'at al-I'tiqad on the creed of Ahl al-Sunna on the way of the early generations. - شخصیت
ابن قتيبة
Abdallah ibn Muslim ibn Qutayba — accused by al-Mas'udi of stripping Abu Hanifa al-Dinawari's astronomical redaction into his own books as his own work, 'as he did with much of Abu Hanifa's'. - شخصیت
أبو بكر ابن قزمان
The Cordoban zajal master Abu Bakr Ibn Quzman; Ibn al-Khatib judged him the art's miraculous sign and its definitive master, patronised by the Abbadid al-Mutawakkil. - شخصیت
ابن رجب الحنبلي
تقریباً 1335 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 736 ھThe Hanbali hadith master and jurist Zayn al-Din Abu al-Faraj Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn Rajab after his grandfather Rajab; born in Baghdad in 736 AH, moved to Damascus in 744, travelled for learning to Egypt, the Hijaz and Jerusalem, and died in Damascus in 795 AH. Author of 'Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam'. - شخصیت
ابن رواحة الشافعي
Ibn Rawaha — born in Sicily in 560 while his parents were captives — heard his father's recitations at Alexandria from al-Safi the Elder and others; died 8 Jumada II 646 at eighty-five. - شخصیت
ابن الرومي
Ali ibn al-Abbas, the poet; he praised al-Mu'tadid — 'as your kingship was founded by Abu'l-Abbas, so by Abu'l-Abbas it is renewed'. - شخصیت
ابن رشد الحفيد
1126 عیسوی · تقریباً 520 ھAbu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd of Cordoba — Averroes to the Latins; he devoted himself to Aristotle, translated him into Arabic and wrote some fifty works including Fasl al-maqal, Tahafut al-tahafut against al-Ghazali, Bidayat al-mujtahid and the Kulliyyat on medicine; the Almohad caliph al-Mansur honoured him, then exiled him to Marrakesh and had some of his books burned, then relented — he died there in 1198 and his body was carried to Cordoba. - شخصیت
ابن رزكان محمد بن محمد
1299 عیسوی · 699 ھA Shafi'i born and raised in Baalbek, who lived in the eighth century AH. - شخصیت
ابن سبعين
The celebrated Andalusi philosopher-sufi; his brother Abu Talib spoke for Ibn Hud before the pope at Rome, and Ibn Sab'in drafted Mecca's bay'a letter to the Hafsid al-Mustansir casting him as the awaited Mahdi. - شخصیت
أبو الأصبغ عيسى بن سهل
1022 عیسوی · 413 ھThe Maliki jurist and judge Abu al-Asbagh Isa ibn Sahl al-Asadi of Cordoba, known for his responsa on new cases; early biographers praised the breadth of his learning. - شخصیت
أبو الحسن علي بن موسى بن سعيد المغربي
تقریباً فروری 1214 عیسوی · رمضان 610 ھAuthor of al-Mughrib fi hula al-Maghrib and its eastern companion; born Tuesday 22 Ramadan 610 into the scholarly wazir house of Alcala, he journeyed east and issued reading licences for the Mughrib to al-Tifashi and Ibn Khatlakh. - شخصیت
بهاء الدين ابن شداد
تقریباً 1145 عیسوی · تقریباً 539 ھBaha' al-Din Ibn Shaddad, qadi of Aleppo and Saladin's biographer — born at Mosul in Ramadan 539, raised by the Banu Shaddad uncles whose name he bore, and eleven years the companion of Ibn Sa'dun al-Qurtubi in the seven readings, hadith and tafsir. - شخصیت
ابن شنبوذ القارئ
The Qur'an-reader whose famous affair came in 323: forced to repent the shadh readings before the vizier Ibn Muqla. His prayer that God sever the vizier's hand was answered — the hand was cut and Ibn Muqla tasted humiliation. He died under al-Radi. - شخصیت
ابن شاقلا
A Hanbali jurist and legal theorist who died in 369 AH; Ibn Badran's book lists him in this way among the notables who are referred to by shortened names. - شخصیت
ابن شبرمة
تقریباً 691 عیسوی · 72 ھAbdallah ibn Shubruma, Kufa's qadi; 'were I governor of Basra I would seize their wealth — Umar granted there only Abu Bakra and Nafi' ibn al-Harith, Uthman only Imran ibn al-Husayn plus Ibn Amir's house and Humran his mawla, and Ziyad is said to have given Imran a qati'a too'. - شخصیت
ابن سيده المرسي
Ibn Sida (Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Ahmad) — the blind imam of Arabic and letters at Murcia, attached to al-Muwaffaq lord of Denia where he found leisure for the Muhkam, 'the most wondrous and soundest of books'; fearing the son Iqbal al-Dawla he fled and sent his famous plea 'is there a way to kiss your right hand? for in that lies safety'. - شخصیت
ابن سينا
تقریباً 980 عیسوی · تقریباً 370 ھPersian polymath (c. 980–1037) whose Canon of Medicine and Book of Healing shaped medicine and philosophy across the Islamic world and Europe for centuries. - شخصیت
ابن سريج المغني
One of the singers al-Walid first imported to court — the song that enraptured him is ascribed to Ibn Surayj or Malik in the song-books' dispute. - شخصیت
ابن تغري بردي يوسف
1409 عیسوی · 812 ھA Mamluk-era Hanafi historian in Egypt, author of al-Nujum al-Zahira. - شخصیت
ابن طيفور الطبيب
Al-Muntasir's physician; the Turks slipped him thirty thousand dinars in the caliph's illness — he counselled phlebotomy then bled him with a poisoned feather, and he died; or he himself sickened, sent his servant, who bled him with the same feather and also died. - شخصیت
ابن تيمية
661 ھThe Hanbali jurist and theologian titled Shaykh al-Islam Taqi al-Din, of Harran and Damascus, author of al-Aqida al-Wasitiyya, which he wrote in 698 AH. - شخصیت
ابن الطفيل
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Tufayl, the Andalusi philosopher and author of the printed treatise Hayy ibn Yaqzan and Asrar al-hikma al-mashriqiyya; he died in 1185. - شخصیت
ابن يعيش
Muwaffaq al-Din Ibn Ya'ish the grammarian, Mosuli by origin, Aleppan by birth — who rode to Baghdad for Ibn al-Anbari only to meet news of his death at Mosul, and whose question on the i'rab of Hariri's Rahbiyya maqama stumped Taj al-Din al-Kindi at Damascus. - شخصیت
ابن يامين البصري
The poet whose Samsama ode won the sword itself plus a basket of dinars from al-Hadi. - شخصیت
أبو الوليد ابن زيدون
Abu'l-Walid Ibn Zaydun, the Cordoban poet whose famous odes mourn Wallada — she answered his defection to her songstress with the al-Musaddas lampoon; he later moved to Seville's Abbadid court. - شخصیت
ابن زهر الحفيد
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Zuhr of Seville, among the foremost physicians and men of letters in al-Andalus; he served the Almoravid and Almohad states and had no equal in medicine in his day, having learnt it from his father — hence 'Ibn Zuhr the grandson'; he died at Marrakesh. - شخصیت
إبراهيم
The patriarch of the Adnani Arabs in the sira’s telling: emigrant from Ur of the Chaldeans to Harran and then Palestine, who settled Hajar and the infant Ismail in the barren valley of Mecca, visited them on recorded journeys, submitted to the command of the sacrifice, and raised the foundations of the Kaaba with his son before calling mankind to the hajj. - شخصیت
إبراهيم الدسوقي
Ibrahim al-Dasuqi, shaykh of the Burhami khirqa — the hagiographers credit him with all tongues, the speech of beasts and birds, fasting in the cradle and sight of the Preserved Tablet at seven; he died in 676. - شخصیت
إبراهيم الفزاري المنجم
Ibrahim al-Fazari, astrologer of al-Mansur and author of a verse composition on the stars, beside Nawbakht and Ali ibn Isa the astrolabe-maker. - شخصیت
الإشبيلي، أبو إسحاق الغافقي، إبراهيم بن أحمد
A Qur'an reader and grammarian from Seville who memorized the Qur'an with its readings in Ceuta, after his family moved there, and studied Arabic grammar under Ibn Abi al-Rabi'. - شخصیت
الحربي
Author of Gharib al-Hadith and Dala'il al-Nubuwwa, and one of those who transmitted Imam Ahmad's school from him. - شخصیت
إبراهيم الموصلي
The singer who narrated Miskin's triumph over the assembled masters at al-Rashid's contest. - شخصیت
إبراهيم النخعي
- شخصیت
إبراهيم الأول
Ibrahim I (r. 1640–1648) — opened the long Cretan war against Venice in 1645 by seizing Venetian goods and shipping a fleet to Crete; deposed and killed in the Istanbul mutiny that enthroned his seven-year-old son Mehmed IV. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن عبد الله الحسني
Ibrahim ibn Abdallah ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, brother of Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya; in al-Baladhuri, fought by Isa ibn Musa while Abu al-Asad camped between them at the Batayih — he and Muhammad were the cause of their father Abdallah's imprisonment at the Hashimiyya. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن عدي
The man who carried the wounded prince al-Walid into the paper-store during the al-Ashdaq melee. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن العباس الصولي
The poet whose 'I weary of all but a sweet teller of tales' Mas'udi judged the best verse on talk that never wearies. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن الأشتر
Led a rising alongside al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd. After Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad's death he brought Ibn Ziyad's head to al-Mukhtar, who sent it on to Ibn al-Zubayr in Mecca. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن المدبر
The scholar whose blind hatred of Abu Tammam was exposed when he praised the same verses unattributed. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن الوليد بن عبد الملك
Abu Ishaq, sworn in after his brother Yazid al-Naqis died — some say designated, others not; per Burd ibn Sinan, Qatan forged a deed of succession on Yazid's lips and had men witness it though Yazid had designated nothing. He held the caliphate seventy nights, then was deposed Monday 14 Safar 127 when Marwan ibn Muhammad marched on him; al-Mada'ini says his authority never settled — some greeted him as caliph, some as amir, some refused the bay'a. His seal read 'Ibrahim trusts in God'. He lived until 132, then was killed among the Banu Umayya in al-Saffah's massacre. - شخصیت
الأحدب إبراهيم بن علي
1826 عیسوی · 1242 ھMan of letters, poet and jurist from Tripoli in Syria, who left a large body of books and treatises. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن مخرمة الكندي
The courtier who timed his petitions to al-Saffah's meal-hour, when the caliph was most open-faced. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن محمد
The Prophet's son by Maria the Copt; he died an infant in Medina in Shawwal 10 AH (January 632 CE). - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن محمد الأعلم البطليوسي
The Andalusi littérateur, philologist and Qur'an reciter Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-A'lam al-Batalyusi, born at Badajoz and settled at Seville, known for philology, grammar and commentaries on poetry. - شخصیت
إبراهيم الإمام
Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn 'Ali, the Abbasid da'wa's imam — trapped by Marwan's returned courier, seized praying in al-Humayma's mosque, smothered in Harran prison with quicklime while his Umayyad fellow-captives died under pillows. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن موسى بن جعفر
The first Talibi to lead the hajj — by force in 202 AH, slaying worshippers in the Haram. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن نوبخت
Ibrahim ibn Nawbakht — early Shi'i mutakallim, author of the rare Kitab al-Yaqut which reads like Mu'tazili usul save for the imamate chapters. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن سلمة
One of the Khurasan da'is; in al-Baladhuri al-Khawarnaq was granted him under the blessed dawla — grandfather of Abd al-Rahman ibn Ishaq the qadi of Madinat al-Salam under al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tasim — and he raised al-Khawarnaq's dome in Abu al-Abbas's reign. - شخصیت
إبراهيم بن يحيى الأنصاري المرسي
1278 عیسوی · 677 ھThe grammarian, reciter and physician Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Yahya al-Ansari al-Mursi, from Murcia and active at Granada under the Nasrid state; the sources on him are few. - شخصیت
الأبياري إبراهيم إسماعيل
1902 عیسوی · 1320 ھEgyptian editor and author, born in Tanta, who edited works of adab and the classical heritage. - شخصیت
إبراهيم باشا المصري
Ibrahim Pasha, Muhammad Ali's son — crushed the Morea revolt taking Navarino and Athens, then conquered Syria where he lifted restrictions on Christians and Jews and opened the country to Western missions; the 1840 London convention forced Egypt's withdrawal. - شخصیت
إدريس بن عبد الله
The Hasanid refugee to the Maghreb — answered by the people, poisoned by al-Mansur's agent, succeeded by his posthumous son Idris II whose dynasty named the land. - شخصیت
إدريس بن إدريس
Idris II — the son who held his poisoned father's Moroccan realm until the land itself was called 'the country of Idris ibn Idris'. - شخصیت
إدريس بن يحيى الحمودي
The Hammudid claimant at Malaga who received panegyric from behind a curtain until Ibn Muqana's nuniyya moved him to raise the veil and welcome the poet. - شخصیت
عكرمة بن أبي جهل
تقریباً 585 عیسویSon of Abu Jahl: a leader of the Meccan opposition who was pardoned at the conquest of Mecca, became a Muslim, and died fighting under the banner of Islam on the Syrian front. - شخصیت
عكرمة مولى ابن عباس
Ibn 'Abbas's mawla and his sparring partner on the bound son — dead in 105, the same day as Kathir 'Azza. - شخصیت
إيلغازي بن أرتق
Najm al-Din Ilghazi the Artuqid, lord of Mardin then Aleppo — a brave raiding horseman of open hand; he died in 516 and his son Husam al-Din Timurtash succeeded at Mardin. - شخصیت
علباء بن الحارث
Ilba' ibn al-Harith al-Asadi al-Kahili, leader of Banu Asad's rising against Hujr; he speared Hujr to avenge his own father, and later counselled Asad to slip away from Kinana's camp by night as Imru' al-Qays approached seeking blood. - شخصیت
ايلك خان سليمان الخاقاني
Ilig Khan Sulayman, Bughra Khan's brother, laqab Shihab al-Dawla; he secured the Turkestan kingship after his brother, sheltered the refugee amir Fa'iq and interceded to seat him at Samarkand — then, coveting Bukhara, marched the Turkic hosts in feigned protection of Abd al-Malik, seized Buktuzun and the amirs, entered Bukhara on 10 Dhu'l-Qa'da of year 389 on the text's reading, imprisoned Abd al-Malik till he died of grief and the deposed Abu'l-Harith Mansur with him — ending the Samanid state — and later routed Ismail al-Muntasir the last Samanid near Usrushana. - شخصیت
أبو منصور إليسع بن أبي القاسم
Abu Mansur Ilisa' ibn Abi al-Qasim Samku ibn Maslan ibn Abi Yazul, amir of the Wasulids at Sijilmasa; raised in place of his brother Ilyas when they deposed him in 194 AH — he built Sijilmasa's wall in the fourth year of his rule, their kingship swelled on his watch, he completed the city's building and laid out its workshops and palaces, and moved into it late in the second century, an Ibadi Sufrite. - شخصیت
إلياس بن مضر
Quraysh's forebear whose sons by Khindif — 'Amr, 'Amir and 'Umayr, better known as Mudrika, Tabikha and Qama'a — were reckoned by their mother in Qusayy's boast. - شخصیت
عماد الدين زنكي
Zangi the atabak of Mosul and Aleppo — named for fostering the sultan Mahmud's son Farrukhshah — a brave hard-riding awe-inspiring lord with cruelty in him; his ghilman killed him in his sleep and were received into Ja'bar castle by 'Ali b. Malik the 'Uqaylid; Ghazi took Mosul and Nur al-Din Aleppo. - شخصیت
عماد الدين زنكي الثاني
- شخصیت
الإمام أحمد جران
Imam Ahmad Gran of Harar — Shadharat records his seizure of Harar from the Abyssinian lands, his irresistible rise, the conquest of much of Abyssinia, and a jihad so wondrous 'it was said his conquests resemble only the Companions' conquests', all conducted on the paths of the shari'a. - شخصیت
إمام الحرمين الجويني
Shaykh of the Shafi'is — driven from Khurasan when the vizier al-Kunduri obtained Alp Arslan's licence to curse the Rafida and the Ash'aris from the minbars; his four years teaching at Mecca gave him the title Imam al-Haramayn, and Nizam al-Mulk's reign brought the exiles home in honour. - شخصیت
عمران بن الفصيل البرجمي
Imran ibn al-Fasil al-Burjumi; rode with Hasaka ibn Utab's desperadoes into Sijistan after the Camel — the rajaz: 'tell Sijistan: famine and war are come, with Ibn al-Fasil and the Arabs' desperadoes — no silver will destroy them, no gold'. - شخصیت
عمران بن الحصين
Imran ibn al-Husayn Abu Nujayd al-Khuza'i, Companion; Umar sent him with Abu Musa to Basra among the Ansar aid when al-Mughira was dismissed. - شخصیت
عمران بن عامر الكاهن
Muzayqiya's brother the kahin, who routed the Azd's sons after Marib — Khuza'a to Batn Marr, Aws and Khazraj to palm-rich Yathrib, Ghassan to Busra, the treasure-seekers to Iraq — himself settling among Nasr's folk between Sarat and Mecca. - شخصیت
عمران بن عمرو مزيقياء
Chief and elder of al-Azd on whose counsel the tribe left Yemen in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account; they wandered in Yemen sending scouts, then moved north, and he and his sons settled Oman as the Azd of Oman. - شخصیت
عمران بن حطان الرقاشي
The Kharijite poet whose praise of Ibn Muljim's blow ('a pious man's strike, seeking only the Throne-Lord's pleasure') drew qadi Abu'l-Tayyib al-Shafi'i's famous counter-verse — among the most quoted poetry of the assassination. - شخصیت
عمران بن موسى البرمكي
Imran ibn Musa ibn Yahya ibn Khalid al-Barmaki; he built the city al-Bayda in the Buqan lands under al-Mu'tasim. - شخصیت
امرؤ القيس بن حجر
Imru' al-Qays ibn Hujr al-Kindi, the most celebrated of the jahili poets and author of a Mu'allaqa: banished by his father for poetry, he was drinking and playing nard at Damun when word came of Hujr's death — 'he ruined me young and loaded me with his blood grown; today wine, tomorrow the affair' — and swore off wine and women until he had slain a hundred of Banu Asad; when al-Mundhir of al-Hira pursued him he lodged his family and armour with Samaw'al ibn Adiya at al-Ablaq and went on to seek Byzantine help. - شخصیت
ينال أخو طغرل بك
Tughrul Beg's brother; al-Basasiri tempted him with his brother's office — Tughrul fought him, prevailed and killed him. - شخصیت
أنيال خان صاحب أطرار
Inal Khan, maternal uncle's son of Sultan Muhammad Khwarazmshah and lord of Utrar; when merchants from Genghis Khan's lands arrived he seized their goods and reported them as spies rather than traders, was ordered to hold them and secretly killed them — Genghis Khan demanded his extradition, the sultan recoiled and killed the envoys, and this became the cause of the Tatar march on his realm. - شخصیت
عرباض بن سارية الفزاري
The seventh of the Weepers, of Fazara; Ibn Ishaq lists him among those who begged the Prophet for mounts on the Tabuk campaign when he found nothing to carry them on. - شخصیت
الإربلي أبو الفضل
1179 عیسوی · 575 ھShafi'i jurist of Mosul who studied the religious sciences in the Zengid period. - شخصیت
الإربلي أبو المعالي
1287 عیسوی · 686 ھScholar of Mosul in the eighth century AH, active in religious learning and letters. - شخصیت
عيسى بن عبد العزيز الجزولي
A Maghribi jurist of Berber origin. His name means the owner of good fortune in Berber. - شخصیت
عيسى بن المهدي
Isa ibn al-Mahdi ibn al-Khayzuran; in al-Baladhuri in the Turkic women's ward, eponym of Baghdad's Isabadh quarter. - شخصیت
عيسى بن الشيخ الشيباني
The Shaybani amir who escorted seventy-six Talibids from Egypt to Samarra and was appointed over Palestine. - شخصیت
عيسى بن علي بن عبد الله بن العباس
Isa ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas; in al-Baladhuri from al-Waqidi: he was at Mar'ash — having led that year's raid — when Michael came out of the Darb al-Hadath with eighty thousand in year 161 and reached the city gate; Isa's mawalis, the townsfolk and their fighters went out, shot him with arrows, pursued when he feigned flight, then he turned on them and killed eight of Isa's mawalis before besieging the shut city and withdrawing to Jayhan. - شخصیت
عيسى بن دأب
The Hijazi polymath al-Hadi alone honoured with a cushion — 'I never tired of you for a day or a night'. - شخصیت
عيسى بن إدريس
son of Idris ibn Ma'qil al-Ijli; in al-Baladhuri, who settled and mastered al-Karaj, built its fortress — enlarged and citied by his son Abu Dulaf al-Qasim, whence Karaj Abi Dulaf. - شخصیت
عيسى بن جعفر العباسي
Isa ibn Ja'far ibn al-Mansur; Harun al-Rashid's Basra governor, ordered to fold the dar al-imara into the mosque — and did. - شخصیت
عيسى بن لهيعة المصري
The Egyptian author of al-Hala'ib wa-al-Jala'ib, recording every horse-race run in Jahiliyya and Islam, and of Solomon's mount given to Azdi hunters called 'the rider's provision'. - شخصیت
عيسى بن مريم
Prophet of Banu Israel, son of Maryam: one of the three who spoke in the cradle, untouched by Satan's prick at birth, and the Prophet declared himself the nearest of people to him. - شخصیت
عيسى بن موسى
Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi; in al-Baladhuri he campaigned against Ibrahim ibn Abdallah al-Hasani while Abu al-Asad camped between their forces and dug the canal named for him at the Batayih. - شخصیت
عيسى بن موسى القرمطي
Qarmatian leader at Ayn al-Tamr who camped outside Kufa, levied the kharaj and displaced the caliphal agents of the sawad. - شخصیت
عيسى بن يزيد الأسود
Isa ibn Yazid al-Aswad, of the Arab mawali and Kharijite leaders; some forty chiefs of the Miknasa rallied to him, renounced caliphal obedience, founded Sijilmasa in 140 AH and drew all the Miknasa into their Sufrite creed — then, resenting much in his conduct, they bound him hand and foot and left him on a mountain peak until he died in 155. - شخصیت
عيسى بن زيد بن علي
The Zaydi Alid who marched out of Basra with Ibrahim to the death at Bakhamra. - شخصیت
إسحاق مبعوث شارلمان
Isaac — the Jewish interpreter of Charlemagne's 797 embassy to al-Rashid who alone survived the three-year journey, returning to Aachen with the caliph's elephant. - شخصیت
إسحاق بن حيوة الحضرمي
The volunteer who led the mounted trampling of al-Husayn's body on 'Amr ibn Sa'd's order. - شخصیت
إسحاق بن مسلم العقيلي
Ishaq ibn Muslim al-Uqayli; he and his brothers rode in Sa'id ibn Amr al-Harashi's vanguard to Armenia, and Marwan ibn Muhammad gave him Armenia, where he fought Musafir al-Qassab without cease while Musafir held Qal'at al-Kilab in Sisajan. - شخصیت
إسحاق
Son of Ibrahim, father of Ya'qub — named in Bukhari's prophetic chain. - شخصیت
إسحاق الموصلي
The great singer whose night-session visitor — a spirit who fixed the lute and sang 'give me drink' — al-Rashid called a devil. - شخصیت
إسحاق بن إسماعيل النوبختي
The man who had proposed al-Qahir's caliphate; al-Qahir killed him — dropped headfirst into a well that was filled in — his offence: having once outbid the future caliph for a slave-girl. - شخصیت
إسحاق بن علي المرابطي
Ishaq ibn Ali ibn Yusuf ibn Tashfin, the last Almoravid king; acclaimed after his brother Tashfin's death, he came out with his retinue when the Almohads reached Marrakesh and they killed him, Abd al-Mu'min taking the Maghreb in 542 AH. - شخصیت
إسحاق بن أيوب العنبري
The commander who raced to join al-Mu'tadid's army at the siege of al-Sawwara. - شخصیت
إسحاق بن إبراهيم بن مصعب
al-Mutawakkil's Sawad agent; in al-Baladhuri he annexed the Taff springs to his charge, farmed their tithe, made them Sawadi — as they remained in al-Baladhuri's day — and dug 'Islamic springs' on the same dispensation. - شخصیت
إسحاق بن كنداج
Al-Muwaffaq's commander; in 269 he rode from Nisibis, caught al-Mu'tamid between Mosul and Haditha, returned him to Samarra and confined him to Ibn al-Khasib's house under five hundred guards — rewarded with khil'as, the commanders' estates, and the title Dhu'l-Sayfayn. - شخصیت
إسحاق بن راهويه
تقریباً 778 عیسوی · 161 ھThe Khurasani imam Ibn Rahwayh — dead in 238; among the hadith imams who travelled the garrison cities gathering traditions and tafsir. - شخصیت
إسكندر البارودي
1856 عیسوی · 1273 ھA Lebanese physician, man of letters, journalist and educator, who worked in teaching and in the judiciary. - شخصیت
إسماعيل
Son of Ibrahim and Hajar, settled as an infant with his mother at Mecca where Zamzam sprang; he married into Jurhum, fathered twelve sons whose tribes spread from Mecca, and built the Kaaba with his father; the Adnani Arabs trace their lineages to him. - شخصیت
إسماعيل السفاك الأخيضري
Ismail ibn Yusuf ibn Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Jawn the Alid, called al-Saffak ('the shedder of blood'); he rose among the Hijaz Arabs in 251, drove Mecca's governor Ja'far out, plundered the caliphal households, killed troops and townsfolk, took the gold, silver and the Ka'ba's kiswa and looted for fifty days — then besieged Medina until its people starved and none prayed in the Prophet's mosque, sacked Jeddah's merchants, and had himself named in the khutba at Mecca; after twenty-two years haunting the Hijaz he died heirless and his brother Muhammad al-Ukhaydhir founded the Yamama kingship. - شخصیت
إسماعيل الساحر
al-Sayyid al-Himyari's transmitter — attested that the poet died professing the Kaysani doctrine. - شخصیت
إسماعيل بن عياش
Isma'il ibn Ayyash al-Ansi of Hims, the hadith-master of second-century Syria; in al-Baladhuri: Abd al-Malik ibn Salih wrote consulting him on the people of Cyprus, and he answered that they are 'a humbled, conquered folk whom the Byzantines master over their own lives and women — so it is our duty to defend and protect them' and to keep them on their covenant and dhimma, citing Habib ibn Maslama's own treaty-letter to Taqlis — that an enemy overpowering them while the Muslims are occupied does not break their treaty — and recalling that al-Walid ibn Yazid's exile of them to Syria was denounced by the Muslims and abhorred by the jurists, while Yazid ibn al-Walid's returning them was approved as justice. - شخصیت
إسماعيل بن بلبل
Al-Muwaffaq's vizier, tortured to death under al-Mu'tadid in a 120-ratl iron shackle with a dead man's head hung on him. - شخصیت
إسماعيل بن حماد القاضي
The qadi who first greeted al-Mu'tadid as caliph on the morning of al-Mu'tamid's sudden death. - شخصیت
إسماعيل بن مسلم المكي
- شخصیت
إسماعيل بن قبيحة
Al-Mu'tazz's full brother, named heir in place of the dead al-Mu'ayyad. - شخصیت
عياض بن زهير
Of Banu al-Harith ibn Fihr; he emigrated to Abyssinia — the third of the three men Ibn Ishaq names from Banu al-Harith among the rest of the emigrants. - شخصیت
إياس بن معاذ
A young Awsite lad from Yathrib who came to Mecca in an alliance-seeking delegation before the battle of Bu'ath; when the Prophet presented Islam to the delegation, Iyas declared it better than their tribal cause, but was struck down by his leader Abu al-Haysar; he died shortly thereafter in Yathrib praising God. - شخصیت
إياس بن قبيصة الطائي
The Tayyi governor Khosrow set over al-Hira after imprisoning al-Nuʾman; ordered to extract the deposit from Hani ibn Masʾud, his expedition with Khosrow’s marzabans was broken by Banu Shayban at Dhu Qar; the Prophet was born in the eighth month of his governorship. - شخصیت
عز الدين أيبك التركماني الملك المعز
Shajar al-Durr's deputy then Egypt's sultan as al-Mu'izz from 648 — first behind the boy al-Ashraf, alone from 652; his wife killed him in 655. - شخصیت
عز الدين فرخشاه
Saladin's nephew — the day's hero at the Ford of Sorrows in 575: he recited al-Mutanabbi's two verses on death, flung himself upon it, and in his telling that was the cause of the victory. - شخصیت
الشيخ عز الدين بن عبد السلام
The sultan of scholars; Damascus's khatib who stripped the gilded banners for plain black-on-white and cut the muezzins to one. When the Tatars neared he ruled: all the world must fight them, the people's wealth may be taken for their arming only if the amirs first sell their own luxuries — 'taking the commons' money while the soldiers' finery remains: no'. - شخصیت
عز الدين مسعود بن مودود
- شخصیت
جبلة بن الأيهم
The last Ghassanid king: after the Yarmuk defeat his dynasty’s role as Rome’s Arab wardens ended, and he entered Islam in the caliphate of Umar, later leaving it for Byzantine territory. - شخصیت
جبار بن صخر الأنصاري
An Ansari whom the Prophet sent with Amr ibn Umayya al-Damri to Mecca to kill Abu Sufyan ibn Harb; it was he who proposed circling the Ka'ba and praying at night, and being no walker, Amr told him to flee to his camel when Quraysh pursued them. - شخصیت
جبار بن سلمى
One of the three chiefs of the Banu Amir delegation to the Prophet in 9 AH with Amir ibn al-Tufayl and Arbad ibn Qays, as Ibn Ishaq names him; the book gives him no part in the plot and no later news. - شخصیت
جابر بن عبد الله
A Companion of the Ansar, son of Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Haram and one of the great transmitters of hadith; he was present at al-Aqaba and took part in nineteen expeditions, but not Badr or Uhud because his father kept him back; he held a circle of learning in the Prophet's Mosque. - شخصیت
جابر بن عبد الله بن رئاب
One of the six who were at the first al-Aqaba and, according to Musa ibn Uqba and Abu al-Aswad from Urwa, among those at Badr; he is not Jabir ibn Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Haram, the well-known narrator; Ibn Hajar says hadith are reported from him by weak chains. - شخصیت
جابر بن سمرة
A Companion of Banu Sawa'a, ally of Banu Zuhra, whose mother Khalida was the sister of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas; he and his father were Companions, the authors of the sound collections narrate from him, and he settled in Kufa and died there in 74 AH. - شخصیت
جابر بن سفيان
Son of Sufyan ibn Ma'mar and Hasana; he emigrated with them to Abyssinia and died in Umar's caliphate. - شخصیت
جابر بن زيد الأزدي
The Azd's Basran mawla, Abu'l-Sha'tha', among the scholars who died under Yazid II. - شخصیت
جبر بن أبي عبيد
Son of Abu Ubayd ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi; in al-Baladhuri he took the banner at the Day of the Bridge after his uncle al-Hakam and was killed, before al-Muthanna took it and withdrew the people. - شخصیت
جاد الحق بن علي جاد الحق
1917 عیسوی · 1335 ھJurist of legal theory and judge, forty-second Grand Imam of al-Azhar; born in Dakahlia province in 1335 AH (1917 CE) and died 1416 AH (1995 CE). - شخصیت
جعدة بنت الأشعث بن قيس
A wife of al-Hasan ibn Ali; in the account given, Yazid ibn Mu'awiya suborned her to poison him with a promise of marriage — she did so, and when she claimed the promise after his death he answered: 'we did not approve you for Hasan — shall we approve you for ourselves?'. - شخصیت
جعدة بن هبيرة المخزومي
Ja'da ibn Hubayra ibn Abi Wahb al-Makhzumi, son of Umm Hani' bint Abi Talib; sent by Ali to breached Khurasan, he could not recover it — it stayed uncovered till Ali's death. - شخصیت
جذيمة الأبرش
The Arab warden appointed by Ardashir over al-Hira and the desert Arabs of Iraq and the Jazira — the Persian experiment of ruling the nomads through one of their own, which became the Lakhmid system; he died around 268 CE. - شخصیت
جعفر بن محمد الصادق
Abu 'Abd Allah Ja'far al-Sadiq, the Alid imam — through him Mas'udi transmits Ali's long death-morning wasiyya to his sons. - شخصیت
جعفر بن أبي طالب
تقریباً 590 عیسویA brother of Ali who led the Muslim emigration to Abyssinia and answered the Negus for his people; killed at Mu'ta carrying the army's standard after Zayd ibn Haritha. - شخصیت
جعفر بن المبشر
A Mu'tazilite scholar-ascetic whose brother Hanash led the hadith-folk against him — they swore mutual silence to the grave. - شخصیت
جعفر بن علي بن حمدون
Lord of Msila and leader of the Zanata party who contested al-Hakam's accession; Ibn Abi Amir used him against Ghalib, then had him killed through Ibn Abd al-Wadud and the Arab magnates. - شخصیت
جعفر بن دينار الخياط
Commander of the left wing at Amorium, 223. - شخصیت
جعفر بن حرب
Ja'far ibn Harb held the sultan's great offices at near-vizierial rank; riding in a grand procession he heard the verse 'Has the time not come for the faithful to humble their hearts', cried 'Yes, O God', wept, dismounted, stripped and hid himself in the Tigris. - شخصیت
جعفر بن محمد بن حمدان الموصلي
Named with Ibn Durayd, al-Zajjaji and Naftawayh among the collectors of the Prophet's utterances. - شخصیت
جعفر بن عثمان المصحفي
Al-Hakam's hajib who aided Ibn Abi Amir's first coup, purged the palace's eight hundred Slav guards for him, and was then himself destroyed by Ghalib in the hajib's sequence of eliminations. - شخصیت
جعفر بن ورقاء الشيباني
Governor of Kufa and the pilgrim road; marching ahead of the hajj caravan with a thousand Shaybanis he fought Abu Tahir and broke, opening Kufa to the Qarmatians in 312. - شخصیت
جفنة بن عمرو
The Azdi who went to al-Sham in the Azd migration and settled there with his sons; the forefather of the Ghassanid kings, named after a water in the Hijaz called Ghassan where they had first halted, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. - شخصیت
جهم بن قيس
A Companion of Banu Abd al-Dar; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his wife and two children and arrived in the two ships. - شخصیت
جهم بن زحر الجعفي
Jahm ibn Zahr al-Ju'fi, Yazid ibn al-Muhallab's champion; he retook breached Jurjan, then led the hide-ladder ascent of Wajah — 'if I am spared life, let me not be spared death' — killed the gate-keepers, raised the takbir behind the enemy at mid-afternoon, and drove the captives to Wadi Jurjan where they were slaughtered till the blood ran. - شخصیت
جهور بن مرار المجلي
Jahwar ibn Marrar al-Ijli — Ibn Durayd reads al-Marrar; he presented Umar ibn al-Ala' the Rayy butcher to al-Mansur, who honoured and ranked him. - شخصیت
جهور بن مرّار العجلي
Jahwar ibn Marrar al-Ijli — the Abbasid commander who crushed Sunbadh's rising between Hamadhan and Rayy, 137 AH. - شخصیت
جهور بن محمد بن جهور أبو الحزم
The Jahwarid vizier who had served under the Amirids and then held Cordoba without exceeding the title of wazir, ruling until his death in 435 when power passed to his son Abu'l-Walid; famed for letters, gravity and patience. - شخصیت
جعيط محمد العزيز بن يوسف
1886 عیسوی · 1303 ھScholar from Tunis, born there in 1303 AH (1886 CE) and educated at the Zaytuna mosque; died 1389 AH (1970 CE). - شخصیت
جلال الدين منكبرتي بن خوارزم شاه
- شخصیت
جلال الدين عبيد الله بن يونس
Al-Nasir's vizier, sent at the head of the caliphal host to aid Qizil — broken at Daya Marj in Rabi' I 584, he stood with mushaf and sword until a trooper of Tughril's took him and his treasury; Saladin had predicted the rout of a minister new to office and war. - شخصیت
جالينوس
The Persian commander at the Bridge battle where the Muslims, their bridge cut, were routed. - شخصیت
جم ملك فارس
King Jam — first, say the Persian chroniclers, to exalt fire and call men to honour it as the likeness of the sun's and stars' light, setting degrees to light over darkness; Budasaf's appearance is put in his reign or Tahmurath's. - شخصیت
جمال الدين الأفغاني
1838 عیسوی · 1254 ھ†Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838–1897 CE) — al-Zirikli's 'philosopher of Islam in his age', co-founder with his pupil Muhammad Abduh of the Paris journal al-Urwa al-Wuthqa. - شخصیت
جمال الدين القاسمي
1866 عیسوی · 1283 ھ†Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi (1866–1914 CE) — the Damascene reformist scholar tried over the alleged 'Jamali madhhab', author of seventy-two works including Qawa'id al-Tahdith and the twelve-volume Mahasin al-Ta'wil. - شخصیت
جمال حمدان
1928 عیسوی · 1347 ھAn Egyptian geographer born in Gharyat Anay, a village in the Qalyubiyya district. - شخصیت
الجامي عبد الرحمن بن أحمد
1414 عیسوی · 817 ھA Persian poet and Sufi from Jam, named after the town. He wrote on poetry and Sufism. - شخصیت
جميل بثينة
Jamil ibn 'Abd Allah al-'Udhri — his Buthayna lines on souls conjoined before creation cited for the 'mustered spirits' doctrine. - شخصیت
جميل بن بصبهري
dihqan of the two Fallujas and al-Nahrayn; converted after the Sawad's conquest — Umar left his land in his hand and lifted the jizya. - شخصیت
جميل بن كعب الثعلبي
A chief of Rabi'a and Ali's partisan — spared at the block by Mu'awiya, who admired his curse-prayer and capped it with al-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir's verses on royal clemency. - شخصیت
جميل بن صهيب
The Faluja dihqan consulted by al-Hajjaj's new officer — four counsels: keep your door unguarded, sit long among your subjects, judge high and low alike and take no gifts, then tax them till they praise you and the Hajjaj has no way against you. - شخصیت
جمونة بن الحارث
Jamwana ibn al-Harith, of Banu Amir ibn Sa'sa'a; in al-Baladhuri: Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz made him governor of Malatya when he settled Taranda's people in it after removing them and demolishing Taranda. - شخصیت
جاني بك بن أزبك ملك الدست
Janibeg ibn Uzbek Khan, king of the northern Dasht after his father; he pushed the armies back to Khurasan until he held it in 738 AH, then marched on Azerbaijan and Tabriz which al-Shaykh al-Saghir ibn Dimurdash ibn Chuban had seized, advancing with the hosts to recover them. - شخصیت
السلطان الظاهر جقمق
Tenth Circassian sultan (842-857): took power after the three-month reign of Barsbay's son, campaigned vainly at Rhodes, restored the pilgrim works at Ayn Hunayn and Mina's Khayf mosque, and — 'no king of Egypt in the Ayyubid or Turkish state matched his piety' — abdicated to his son, dying twelve days later at eighty. - شخصیت
جرير بن عطية
- شخصیت
جرير بن يزيد البجلي
The arch-schemer sent to turn Abu Muslim back from Khurasan — his Iblis-like persistence delivered the rebel to al-Mansur's couch of daggers. - شخصیت
جارية بن عامر
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: Ibn Ishaq does not name his clan in this passage. - شخصیت
جارية بن قدامة السعدي
Al-Sa'di of Tamim, Ali's commander — sent with four thousand men after Busr's raiders, chased him out of the Hijaz, took Mecca and Medina's bay'a for al-Hasan when Ali's death reached him; of Abu Hurayra he said 'had I caught Abu Sinnur I would have killed him'. - شخصیت
جساس بن مرة
Jasas ibn Murra of Banu Shayban: when his aunt al-Basus cried shame over her guest's wounded camel he knew honour pointed at his own breast, stalked Kulayb and speared him — 'a thrust for which Wa'il's sons will gather dancing tomorrow' — lighting the forty-year Basus war. - شخصیت
جوهر القائد مولى المعز
Al-Mu'izz's mawla; with a hundred thousand horse he took Egypt in 358, laid out Cairo on its present site, built the dar al-imara called the Two Palaces, cut the Abbasid khutba and ordered the new formula naming the imams, al-Mu'izz's forefathers. - شخصیت
جيرون بن سعد بن عاد
The 'Adite who settled Damascus, raised its marble-columned buildings and named them Iram dhat al-'imad — his palace surviving in al-Mas'udi's own day (332 AH) as the Jayrun market beside the congregational mosque, with marvellous bronze doors. - شخصیت
جياش بن نجاح
Jayyash ibn Najah, kunya Ibn al-Qattay; he fled with his brother Sa'id to Dahlak island to study Qur'an and letters, then shadowed Ali al-Sulayhi's army, ambushed him in the saddle-lines on the Mecca road and killed him with his own hand in 473 — fleeing disguised through Aden to India, returning to take Zabid where he ruled under the Abbasid khutba against the Sulayhids' Fatimid one, famed for justice, dying at the turn of the fifth century and succeeded by his son al-Fatik. - شخصیت
جبرائيل بن بختيشوع بن جرجيس
A physician who studied at the hospital of Gundishapur and served the caliphs including al-Rashid. He was born and lived in Gundishapur. - شخصیت
جبريل توفيق صالح
1897 عیسوی · 1315 ھOne of the notable poets of Sudan, whose verse was tied to the political struggle; he was among the militants of the Unionist movement that led the 1924 uprising against colonial rule; died 1386 AH (1966 CE). - شخصیت
طوشي بن جنكزخان
Jochi ibn Genghis Khan, his eldest son; his father assigned him the realms from Filak to Bulgar — the Dasht-i Qipchaq — and added Arran, Hamadan, Tabriz, Maragha and Iran, but he died in his father's lifetime leaving his sons Naju (Batu) and Berke, in whose line the Dasht kingship settled. - شخصیت
جبير بن مطعم
A leader of Quraysh and a genealogist; he came to the Prophet to ransom the Badr captives and heard him recite al-Tur, which he later said was the first time faith entered his heart; he embraced Islam between al-Hudaybiyya and the conquest, and took his knowledge of genealogy from Abu Bakr. - شخصیت
جديع الكرماني
Juday' al-Kirmani — leader of the Yamani-Rabi'a bloc in revolutionary Khurasan, ally then victim of Abu Muslim's divide-and-rule. - شخصیت
جفينة العبادي
a Christian of al-Hira, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas's freedman — killed with his two sons by Ubaydallah ibn Umar over the Abu Lu'lu'a charge. - شخصیت
يوليان صاحب سبتة
- شخصیت
جميع بن حاضر الباجي
Jumay' ibn Hadir al-Baji; set as qadi over Samarqand's claim that Qutayba planted Muslims on treachery — he ruled they must leave unless the city fight on even terms, and the citizens, loath to fight, confirmed them. - شخصیت
الأزدي أبو أسامة
Philologist and grammarian of Herat, who died around 399 AH. - شخصیت
جنادة بن سفيان
Son of Sufyan ibn Ma'mar and Hasana; he emigrated with them to Abyssinia and died in Umar's caliphate. - شخصیت
جندب بن مكيث الجهني
A Companion of Juhayna who was in Ghalib ibn Abdullah's detachment against Banu al-Mulawwah and narrates it; posted as lookout, he was shot with two arrows by a man of the camp, pulled them out and kept still until the man concluded he was no scout. - شخصیت
جندب بن عوف الثقفي
Jundub ibn Awf, chief of Thaqif's Banu Malik moiety: seizing on the Ahlaf's pasture war with Banu Nasr he allied Yarbu' against them, and lost the first clash — the day of Ta'if — driven into the Lahb valley and the slaughter of the al-Aban defile. - شخصیت
جندب بن زهير الأزدي
The Azdi witness who stormed the drunken governor with Abu Zaynab, took his seal from his hand, and bore witness before Uthman — rebuffed there, vindicated through Ali. - شخصیت
جويرية بنت الحارث
A Mother of the Believers, daughter of the chief of Banu al-Mustaliq; she fell among the captives at al-Muraysi' and arranged her own manumission, the Prophet paid it and married her, and people released the Mustaliq captives they held, so that a hundred households were freed through her. - شخصیت
جزء بن معاوية
Juzz ibn Mu'awiya, al-Ahnaf's uncle; governor of Surraq — the 'Juzz' of Abu al-Mukhtar's denunciation. - شخصیت
كعب بن أسد القرظي
The paramount leader of the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayza in Medina; bound by treaty to the Prophet, he resisted Huyayy ibn Akhtab's persuasion before finally consenting to tear up the pact during the Battle of the Trench; he was judged and executed following the tribe's surrender. - شخصیت
كعب بن مالك الأنصاري
One of the three chief poets of the Prophet from the Ansar (Banu Salama of Khazraj); he witnessed the Second Pledge of al-Aqaba, fought in the early campaigns, defended the community with his eloquent verses at Hunayn, and was later one of the three whose repentance at Tabuk was accepted. وحديثه عن تخلفه عن تبوك من أطول أخبار الصحيح وأشهرها. - شخصیت
كعب الأحبار
a Yemeni Jewish scholar converted under Abu Bakr or Umar; told Umar 'I find you in the Torah killed a martyr' and 'we find you in God's book at a gate of Jahannam, barring people from it'. - شخصیت
كعب بن الأشرف
تقریباً 585 عیسویA poet of Banu Nadir — Jewish on his father's side, Arab on his mother's — whose verses mourned the Meccan dead of Badr and satirized the Muslims and their women; assassinated with the Prophet's sanction in the first political killing of the Medinan period. - شخصیت
كعب بن سور
Umar's judge of Basra; understood the praising wife's true complaint and ruled her a day of four days and a night of four nights. - شخصیت
كعب بن عجرة
An ally of the Ansar from Bali of Quda'a (al-Waqidi claimed he was an Ansari and Ibn Sa'd rejected it); he was on the umra of al-Hudaybiyya, and the ruling on redemption was revealed over him when the Prophet passed him in ihram with lice falling on his face and told him to shave his head and feed six poor people; he settled in Kufa and died in Medina in 51, 52 or 53 AH by different accounts. - شخصیت
كعب بن زهير
The famous poet, son of the poet Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma, a known Companion; he satirised the Prophet, who declared his blood forfeit, then he embraced Islam and recited his poem 'Banat Su'ad' and was forgiven; the sources tell the story of his Islam in two versions. - شخصیت
كابل شاه
The Kabul Shah, king of Kabul; he mustered and expelled every Muslim in Kabul, whereupon Rutbil overran Zabulistan and Rukhkhaj as far as Bust. - شخصیت
كافور الإخشيدي
Ustad Kafur, the Ikhshid's mamluk and successor in Egypt; on his death order broke down, the troops' pay ran short, and notables wrote to the Ubaydid al-Mu'izz asking for an army to hand him the country. - شخصیت
كاهن عسفان الخزاعي
The Khuza'i soothsayer of Usfan, grandfather of Amr ibn al-Hamiq; judge in the Hashim–Umayya munafara, his rhymed verdict — 'by the shining moon... Hashim has outstripped Umayya in every glory first and last' — became proverbial. - شخصیت
كاكة بن جندر
- شخصیت
كلمن ملك مدين
King of Madyan in Shu'ayb's day — one of the six kings whose names al-Mas'udi gives the abjad letters; the Day of the Shadow fell in his reign and his daughter Haritha mourned him from the Hijaz. - شخصیت
كمال الدين أبو المناقب الخضيري
Kamal al-Din al-Khudhayri of Asyut — master of fiqh, usul, qira'at, reckoning, grammar, rhetoric and logic, whose pen ruled the chancery style; when al-Zahir Jaqmaq named him chief qadi of Egypt he declined, quoting: 'sweeter than gaining the vizierate is the day that shows you the viziers' corpses' — dying Safar 855. - شخصیت
كمال الدين ابن العديم
The historian-envoy who came to Egypt begging aid against the Tatars in 657, prompting Qutuz's council. - شخصیت
كامن دار بنت نرسى
Kamandar bint Narsi, cousin of al-Nushajan and lady of the Nahr al-Mar'a palace; she provisioned Abu Musa al-Ash'ari khabis when he lodged there — the canal taking its 'Woman' name from her. - شخصیت
كميل بن زياد
Ali's trusted companion to whom the famous counsel was addressed: 'O Kamil, defend the believer — his back is God's sanctuary, his oppressor God's adversary, and beware him who has no helper but God'. - شخصیت
كنازبك مرزبان طوس
Kanazbak, marzban of Tus; he came to Ibn Amir and compounded Tus at six hundred thousand dirhams. - شخصیت
كنز الدولة
Kanz, lord of the far Said — rose in early 570 drawing locals, Sudanese and Arabs, killed the brother of the Salahiyya amir Abu al-Hayja, and was hunted down and killed with his Arabs after the fall of Tud. - شخصیت
قره مصطفى باشا
Kara Mustafa Pasha — Mehmed IV's grand vizier who ended the women's interference in the sultanate and crushed palace corruption and highway robbery across the provinces. - شخصیت
كريم سلامة
1978 عیسوی · 1398 ھ†The Muslim American country singer from Oklahoma, blending Americana with Sufi verse. - شخصیت
كريمة بنت المقداد
she could write, per al-Waqidi's family chain through her niece. - شخصیت
علاء الدولة كرساسف بن قرامرد بن كاكويه
Ala al-Dawla Karsasf ibn Qaramard ibn Kakuya, lord of Yazd of the Daylamite Kakuyids; son-in-law of the sultans Muhammad ibn Malikshah and Sanjar upon their sister and partisan of Muhammad — when Mahmud ibn Muhammad summoned him he delayed, so his lands were granted to Qaraja al-Saqi who later ruled Fars. - شخصیت
كثير عزة
The poet whose death shared the day with 'Ikrima's — 'a great jurist and a great poet in one day'. - شخصیت
كثير بن مرة الحضرمي
- شخصیت
كثير بن شهاب الحارثي
Fighter in Sa'd's army; in al-Baladhuri he charged the Jalinus after the crossing of al-Sirat and speared him — or killed him; Ibn al-Kalbi assigns the kill to Zuhra ibn Hawiyya. - شخصیت
كاوس ملك أشروسنة
Kawus, king of Ushrusana; he bought peace through al-Fadl ibn Sahl, broke it, lost his qahrman to son Haydar's blow, and yielded when Ahmad ibn Abi Khalid came by the short road — showing Islam at Baghdad he was reinstated, then Haydar after him. - شخصیت
كيخسرو الملك
King Kaykhusraw, builder of the Kawsaja fire-temple. - شخصیت
كيومرث بن أميم
Son of Umaym through whom al-Mas'udi derives the Persians in the earlier genealogy debate. - شخصیت
كاظم جواد العارضي
1928 عیسوی · تقریباً 1347 ھAn Iraqi poet, writer and translator, born in Nasiriyya in southern Iraq. - شخصیت
كربوقا صاحب الموصل
Kerbogha, a Seljuk amir and lord of Mosul; he held it after Aqsunqur and Bozan when Tutush seized them at Aleppo, waged a running war with Sukman ibn Artuq in which he captured Sukman's son Yaquti and held him at Mardin's fortress with the castellan al-Mughni, marched against Amid and fought Sukman bitterly before beating him, and died in 495 AH when Musa al-Turkmani took Mosul after him. - شخصیت
خباب بن الأرت
One of the first band of the secret call in Mecca; he was later among the vulnerable Muslims tortured for their faith. - شخصیت
خديجة بنت خويلد
تقریباً 555 عیسویA wealthy Meccan merchant who was the Prophet Muhammad's first wife and, in tradition, the first person to believe in his message. - شخصیت
خلف الأحمر
733 عیسوی · 115 ھPhilologist and transmitter of Basra, known for memorising and transmitting Arabic poetry. - شخصیت
خلف بن هشام
767 عیسوی · 150 ھOne of the ten canonical reciters of the Qur'an, from Baghdad. The sources agree that his readings are authoritative. - شخصیت
خالد الأزهري
Egyptian grammarian who studied Arabic with the scholars of his time in Egypt. - شخصیت
خالد الشاطر ابن مارقلي
Khalid al-Shatir, known as Ibn Marquli; of the Bukharan stock Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad settled at Basra and al-Hajjaj moved to Wasit. - شخصیت
خالد بن عبد الله القسري
Khalid ibn Abdallah ibn Asad ibn Kurz al-Qasri; in al-Baladhuri he built his mother — a Christian — a church that is today's Sikkat al-Barid at Kufa, built shops with brick-and-gypsum vaulting, dug the canal called al-Jami', built Qasr Khalid, repaired and reinforced Kufa's pontoon, and renewed the mosque's maqsura. - شخصیت
خالد بن أبي عمران
A Tunisian jurist of the Tujib tribe, with the kunya Abu Umar, and one of the Successors in Ifriqiya. - شخصیت
خالد بن الحارث بن غلاب
Khalid ibn al-Harith ibn Ghallab of Banu Dahman; keeper of Isfahan's treasury — the 'Ibn Ghallab' of Abu al-Mukhtar's satire. - شخصیت
خالد بن المعمر الذهلي
Khalid ibn al-Mu'ammar al-Dhuhli; he led Ibn Amir's foot on the day Istakhr fell by storm. Mu'awiya made him over Khurasan after Qays ibn al-Haytham; he died at Qasr Munatil or Ayn al-Tamr — a poisoned draught Mu'awiya sent in regret, some say, or a glass shard in his leg that bled him dry. - شخصیت
خالد بن الوليد
تقریباً 585 عیسویThe great commander on both sides of the early wars: the cavalry leader who turned the day at Uhud for the Meccans, then converted in 629 and led the Muslim armies at Mu'ta, in the Ridda wars and at the Yarmuk. - شخصیت
خالد بن برمك
Khalid ibn Barmak — founder of the Barmakid viziers' fortunes, holder of the kharaj and army diwans under al-Saffah, al-Mansur's finance minister and Baghdad's builder, governor of Fars in 163 AH. - شخصیت
خالد بن جعفر الكلابي
al-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir's boon-companion whose intercession admitted al-Nabigha to the court — himself praised by the king as finer in prose than the poet in verse. - شخصیت
خالد بن صفوان
The Arabs' orator at al-Saffah's court who answered the Qahtanite boast: 'a folk among whom is only a tanner of hides, a weaver of mantles, a driver of monkeys, a rider of goats — a rat drowned them, a woman ruled them, a hoopoe guided them'. - شخصیت
خالد بن سعيد بن العاص
A Companion of Banu Abd Shams; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his wife and two children, arrived in the two ships, and was killed at Marj al-Suffar in Abu Bakr's caliphate. - شخصیت
خالد بن سنان العبسي
The prophet of Banu 'Abs in the interval between Jesus and Muhammad — his curse cut the 'anqa's line, and his death-bed charge to exhume him at the grey donkey's circling was undone by his sons' fear of the 'exhumed one's sons' taunt; his aged daughter came to the Prophet, who welcomed her as a prophet's child betrayed by her people. - شخصیت
خالد بن سفيان بن نبيح الهذلي
A man of Hudhayl who was gathering men at Nakhla or Urana to attack the Prophet; the Prophet sent Abdullah ibn Unays, who killed him while he was seeking a camping place for his women. - شخصیت
خالد بن عرفطة العذري
Banu Zuhra's deputy in Sa'd's army at al-Qadisiyya; left over the camp at Qasr al-Mudhayyib, then sent with the pursuit cavalry killing fugitives to Burs, where he lodged with a man named Bustam who honored him — Nahr Bustam being named for it — and crossed al-Sirat to overtake the Jalinus. - شخصیت
خالد بن يزيد المهلبي
Khalid ibn Yazid ibn al-Muhallab; his father sent him with his uncle Abu Uyayna against the Ispahbadh, who routed them back into Yazid's camp. - شخصیت
خالد بن زيد المزني
Khalid ibn Zayd al-Muzani; he lost an eye at al-Sus and narrates its siege — the hundred-man aman and the dahqan who exempted himself and was killed. - شخصیت
خليفة بن رقاصة
Khalifa ibn Ruqasa of Fes's covenant Jews; steward of Prince Yusuf ibn Ya'qub's household who rose by pressing his wine and courting his leisure, then — when Yusuf took the throne and the drinking-circle became the privy chamber — monopolised his closet until his ri'asa towered in the state and the great men took their orders from him; his brother Ibrahim, cousin Khalifa the Younger and in-law Musa ibn al-Sabti rose with him until notables, viziers, sharifs and scholars all paid them court — whereupon the sultan, primed by his confidant Abdallah ibn Abi Madyan, swept them up in a single stroke at the Tlemcen siege camp in Sha'ban 701 and killed Khalifa, Ibrahim, Musa and their kin. - شخصیت
خليل عامل القيروان
The Fatimid governor of Qayrawan who disdained Abu Yazid's hundred thousand until the city broke; dragged from his own house to Abu Yazid and killed. - شخصیت
أبو الصفا صلاح الدين خليل الأقفهسي
1362 عیسوی · 763 ھThe Egyptian Shafi'i jurist Abu al-Safa Salah al-Din Khalil ibn Muhammad al-Aqfahsi, placed in the twenty-fourth class of al-Suyuti's biographies and known as al-Ashqar. - شخصیت
خلاف عبد الوهاب بن عبد الواحد
1888 عیسوی · 1305 ھJurist of legal theory, preacher and legal scholar, born in Kafr al-Zayyat in Gharbiyya in 1305 AH (1888 CE) and died 1375 AH (1956 CE). - شخصیت
خارجة بن حذافة
Kharija ibn Hudhafa; Umar's letter to Amr set him in sharaf al-ata' for his courage. - شخصیت
خارجة بن حذافة العدوي
Kharija ibn Hudhafa al-Adawi; he rode in al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam's reinforcement to Egypt, and after al-Fustat's fall Amr ibn al-As sent him to al-Fayyum, al-Ashmunayn, Ikhmim, al-Bashrudat and the Sa'id's villages, whose people compounded on Fustat's terms. - شخصیت
خارجة بن زيد بن ثابت
Among the jurists of Medina in the second generation; with Talha ibn Abd Allah ibn Awf he was consulted in his time for inheritance and documents, as Shirazi reports. - شخصیت
خرشة بن مسعود
Kharisha ibn Mas'ud of Tamim then Shaqira; with Ibn al-Ash'ath he fortified in the Fasa castle that bears his name, then fled and died at Wasit — his progeny remain at Fasa. - شخصیت
خرزاد بن باس
Kharrzad ibn Bas; he defied al-Hajjaj, fortified his castle at Ayadhaj, then slipped the siege for Abd al-Malik — Mukram ibn al-Farz caught him, two dirhams in his cap, and al-Hajjaj beheaded him. - شخصیت
خطيب زاده الرومي
Born in Kastamonu, known by the title Khatib-zada. - شخصیت
حطان بن منقذ
Khattan ibn Munqidh, the Yemeni strongman who overshadowed Aden's governor — won down from his fort by Tughrakin's feigned generosity, granted leave to go to Syria, then seized on his farewell visit and stripped of everything including seventy mail-bags of gold; he ended in a citadel prison, killed it was said. - شخصیت
خاتون بخارا
The Khatun, queen of Bukhara; her Turkish levies routed by Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad, she truced at a million and he entered Baykand. Under Sa'id ibn Uthman she broke covenant as the Sughd, Turks, Kish and Nasaf massed a hundred twenty thousand — broken, she gave hostages, renewed the peace, aided him on Samarqand, and sued for sulh again at Tirmidh. - شخصیت
خولة بنت ثعلبة
An Ansari Companion who complained to the Prophet of her husband Aws ibn al-Samit's zihar and laid out her case and her children's, so the opening verses of Surat al-Mujadila were revealed concerning her, carrying the expiation ruling; Umar ibn al-Khattab once greeted her and told the people she was the woman whose plea God heard from above seven heavens. - شخصیت
خولي بن يزيد الأصبحي
A Himyarite said to have finished al-Husayn at Karbala and borne his head to Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, boasting in rajaz: 'load my mount with silver or gold — I have slain the veiled king, the best of men in mother and father'. - شخصیت
خير الدين التونسي
1822 عیسوی · 1238 ھA Tunisian and Ottoman statesman, born in the Circassian lands. He led the Tunisian government and wrote on political reform. - شخصیت
خير الدين بربروسة
Khayr al-Din Barbarossa (d. 1546) — son of a Turkish settler of Lesbos and an Andalusi mother; corsair-amir of Algiers who, summoned by Sulayman in 1533, laid the sultan's letter on his head before the assembled ulema, sailed east with 44 ships, and returned as Kapudan Pasha commanding the rebuilt Ottoman fleet. - شخصیت
الأمير خاير بك
Circassian grand amir whose defection mid-battle broke al-Ghawri's army at Marj Dabiq in 922, per Shadharat. - شخصیت
خيرة بنت ضمرة القشيرية
Khayra bint Damra al-Qushayriyya, al-Muhallab's wife and Abu Uyayna's mother — hers were Khayrakān and Mahallabān, which al-Muhallab gave her, or which was hers and took his name. - شخصیت
خيران الصقلبي
Al-Mansur's Slav client set over al-Nasir's fortress at Almeria, which then bore his name. - شخصیت
خيثمة بن سليمان الأطرابلسي
864 عیسوی · 250 ھThe traditionist and hafiz Abu al-Hasan Khaythama ibn Sulayman al-Qurashi of Tripoli in Syria, a leading transmitter of Syria in his age; he travelled widely in search of hadith and died at Tripoli. - شخصیت
خازم بن خزيمة التميمي
Khazim ibn Khuzayma al-Tamimi, al-Mansur's commander; sent with Rawh ibn Hatim against breaching Tabaristan — his mawla Marzuq Abu al-Khasib, namesake of Kufa's Qasr al-Khasib, contrived the city's fall by the false-defection ruse. - شخصیت
خزرون بن فلفول المغراوي
Khazrun ibn Fulful of the Maghrawa kings; as Zanata's star rose in the Maghreb in allegiance to al-Hakam al-Mustansir of Cordoba he marched on Sijilmasa in 366 AH — its Wasulid amir Abu Muhammad al-Mu'tazz bi'llah came out to him, was routed and killed, and Khazrun seized the land and its hoard, sending the head to Cordoba with the victory despatch, ending the Wasulid state. - شخصیت
خداش بن بشر
A poet of the Mujashi' branch of Tamim, with the kunyas Abu Malik and Abu Yazid. His son Malik was also a poet. - شخصیت
خداش البلخي
Khidash al-Balkhi — one of the Khurasani propagandists, destroyed by his own extremism according to Taqqush's account. - شخصیت
خذام بن خالد
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: of Banu Ubayd ibn Zayd, one of the Banu Amr ibn Awf. - شخصیت
خندف بنت حلوان
Ilyas's wife whose hurrying after her family — 'Where are you scurrying, khundaf?' — earned her the byname by which Quraysh's sons of Ilyas were reckoned. - شخصیت
خراش بن أمية الكعبي
A warrior of Banu Ka'b of Khuza'a who, following the conquest of Mecca, ambushed and killed Ibn al-Anwa' al-Hudhali for pre-Islamic blood; the Prophet strongly condemned the act, paid the victim's wergild himself, and delivered the sermon of Mecca's perpetual inviolability. - شخصیت
كسرى الثاني
تقریباً 570 عیسویThe last great Sasanian shah (590–628), whose armies took Jerusalem and reached Constantinople's walls before Heraclius broke his empire. The tradition records that he tore up the Prophet's letter — and died within months. - شخصیت
خبيب بن عبد الله بن الزبير
- شخصیت
خبيب بن عدي
A devout Companion from the Aws who fought at Badr and was captured at al-Raji'; sold to the Meccans who condemned him to crucifixion at al-Tan'im; before his execution he prayed two rak'ahs, establishing the tradition for Muslim prisoners before death, and recited poetry affirming his steadfast faith. - شخصیت
خدابنده ملك التتار
Tatar king who proclaimed Rafd in his realm — the khutba confined to Ali, his sons and ahl al-bayt — till his death in 716. - شخصیت
خليد بن عبد الله الحنفي
Khulayd ibn Abdallah al-Hanafi; in one account he, not Aws ibn Tha'laba, led the army sent against Herat. - شخصیت
خمارويه بن أحمد بن طولون
Ahmad ibn Tulun's son, who held his father's provinces after his death in 270; al-Muwaffaq appointed his own son Abu'l-Abbas over them and marched him on Egypt — a great battle ran the ground with blood, and victory was Egypt's. - شخصیت
خنيس بن خالد الخزاعي (أبو صخر)
A Khuza'i Companion (kunya Abu Sakhr, allied to Banu Munqidh) in Khalid ibn al-Walid's cavalry; he took an alternate path on entering Mecca and was killed at al-Khandama along with Kurz ibn Jabir. - شخصیت
خرزاد
Khurrazad, brother of Khwarizm's king; he opposed and overbore him till the king bought Qutayba's aid with money and keys to be made sole ruler. - شخصیت
خرزاد أخو رستم
Persian commander at Jalula; entrenched with dependents at Khaniqin under an oath not to flee, routed by the Muslims. - شخصیت
خُرزاد بن ماهبنذاذ
Persian commander garrisoned at Qasr Sabur — known in al-Baladhuri's day as Qasr Isa ibn Ali — who came out against al-Nusayr's raiders, fought and was routed, his men withdrawing to Ayn al-Tamr. - شخصیت
السلطان الظاهر خشقدم
Circassian sultan invested by the caliph in 865; he confined the caliph to the citadel on Janim's approach and never let him return to his own dwelling. - شخصیت
خويلة بنت حكيم السلمية
An early Muslim woman from Banu Sulaym, wife of Uthman ibn Maz'un; she accompanied the Muslim camp during the siege of Ta'if and requested the jewellery of the women of Thaqif upon the fortress's anticipated fall. - شخصیت
خزيمة بن جهم
Son of Jahm ibn Qays; he accompanied his father to Abyssinia and arrived with him in the two ships. - شخصیت
خزيمة بن خازم
Khuzayma ibn Khazim; an Abbasid governor of Armenia after Rawh ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi and before Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani — the sternest of them in office, and the one who instituted the land-survey at Dabil and Nashwa, which had not existed before. - شخصیت
خزيمة بن ثابت
the two-testimonies Companion; with him alone Zayd found the two closing verses of Bara'a when gathering the Qur'an." - شخصیت
كلاب بن حمزة العقيلي
Abu l-Hindam, transmitter of the ten race-course placings and their etymologies. - شخصیت
كنانة بن بشر التجيبي
One of the two named killers of Uthman — his staff-blow to the forehead alongside Sa'd ibn Humran's sword-cut. - شخصیت
الملك العادل كتبغا المنصوري
Mamluk sultan as al-Adil, raised in 694 on al-Nasir Muhammad's first deposition. - شخصیت
محمد كوبريللي
Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (d. 1661) — founder of the Köprülü vizier dynasty that answered Europe's Holy League; 'restored the state's awe' under the boy-sultan Mehmed IV. - شخصیت
كعيبة بنت سعد الأسلمية
An Aslami Companion among the women nurses who tended the wounded Muslims after the Battle of Uhud; she treated a man struck by an arrow in the arm until he recovered. - شخصیت
كشلي خان ملك التتر
Kuchli Khan, king of a Tatar nation settled between China and Turkestan; long at war with the Khita, he marched his hosts against them and solicited Khwarazmshah's aid — who deceived both camps and let them destroy each other, the Khita beaten and their remnant joined to him — while Kuchli Khan took Kashghar, Turkestan and Saghun, until the Mongol nation under Genghis Khan rose against him and kept him from Khwarazmshah's war. - شخصیت
كليب بن ربيعة
Kulayb (Wa'il) ibn Rabi'a of Taghlib — 'little whelp' for the puppy he would beat and leave howling to mark his pleasure-grounds; bearer of Rabi'a's banner, leader of Ma'add at Khazzaz and one of only three men all Ma'add united behind, whose swagger grew until he fenced off the very rain-pools; Jasas ibn Murra speared him over the camel Sarab, and the Basus war began. - شخصیت
كلثوم العتابي
The Raqqa litterateur whose 'zakat of rank is spending it on the needy' won him al-Ma'mun's majlis — and whose 'what is Kul-Basl? well, what is Kulthum?' bested Ishaq al-Mawsili. - شخصیت
كلثوم بن الهدم
The Ansari of Banu Amr ibn Awf who hosted the Prophet at Quba — the better-attested report, though Sa'd ibn Khaythama is also named — and hosted Ali again when he caught up from Mecca. - شخصیت
كلثوم بن عياض القشيري
Arab commander defeated by the Berbers at the Malwiya; the Syrian survivors under Balj b. Bishr crossed into al-Andalus in 124. - شخصیت
كورش الملك
King Cyrus who at Christ's birth dispatched the three gift-bearers — frankincense, myrrh and gold — guided by a star that moved and halted with them until they reached Mary and her son in Syria; the report is in the Gospel, fully treated in al-Mas'udi's Akhbar al-Zaman. - شخصیت
كرز بن جابر الفهري
A Companion from Banu Muharib ibn Fihr; in the conquest of Mecca he rode in Khalid ibn al-Walid's cavalry, strayed off the main road with Khunays ibn Khalid, and was killed defending his fallen comrade at al-Khandama. - شخصیت
كسيلة بن لمزم الأوربي
Kusayla ibn Lamzam, chief of the Awraba Berbers at the conquest; after submitting he rallied the Berbers, ruled Ifriqiya five years from Kairouan, and was killed with numberless Berbers by Zuhayr ibn Qays at the battle of Marmanna/Moulouya in 79. - شخصیت
كشاجم
Abu l-Fath Mahmud b. al-Husayn the Sindhi — the literatus who lampooned his own beloved nard. - شخصیت
كوشيار بن لبان الجيلي
969 عیسوی · 360 ھAn astronomer and mathematician, named after Gilan in northern Iran. - شخصیت
لبابة بنت أوفى الجرشي
Lababa bint Awfa al-Jarashi; granted leave for two Basra bathhouses — one among the Qaba' folk, one in Banu Sa'd. - شخصیت
لبيد بن ربيعة
A celebrated poet who lived in both eras, of the Banu Kilab; he composed in the pre-Islamic period for a long time, then embraced Islam and settled in Kufa until his death. A hadith calls his line the truest word a poet ever spoke; his date of death and his age are disputed. - شخصیت
لاحق بن حميد أبو يجلز
Lahiq ibn Humayd, called Abu Yajlaz; Waki' ibn Hassan's appointee on Marw, accepted and well-received. - شخصیت
الملك المنصور لاجين
Usurper-sultan of 696–698, robed and deeded by the caliph, killed in Jumada II — al-Nasir restored. - شخصیت
لقيط بن زرارة
Laqit ibn Zurara Abu Hanzhala, chief of Banu Darim; at Sha'b Jabala he rode the first caparisoned horse in Arab memory under a gilded Sasanian saddle, charged the ravine on his horse's 'advance or be hamstrung', was speared by Shurayh ibn al-Ahwas and died calling on his wife Dukhtanus. - شخصیت
ليلى الأخيلية
the poetess; in al-Baladhuri via al-Mada'ini, she came to al-Hajjaj who honored her, and asked a letter to his Rayy agent — dying at Sawa, where she lies buried. - شخصیت
ليلى بنت أبي حثمة
Of Banu Adi ibn Ka'b; Ibn Ishaq names her among the women emigrants to Abyssinia. - شخصیت
ليلى بنت الخطيم
From Banu Zafar of the Aws, added by Abu Ali al-Jayyani as a supplement to al-Isti'ab; reports say she offered herself to the Prophet who accepted and then she asked to be released and he released her; Ibn Sa'd counts her among the first women of the Ansar to pledge to the Prophet, and she was called 'the lion's meal'. - شخصیت
ليث بن أبي سليم
The Kufan mawla of 'Anbasa ibn Abi Sufyan, dead in 158. - شخصیت
الليث بن سعد
al-Layth ibn Sa'd al-Fahmi of Egypt, the jurist and hadith-master of second-century Egypt; in al-Baladhuri: Abd al-Malik ibn Salih, governor of the marches, wrote consulting him among the jurists of the age about the people of Cyprus when they gave fresh offence, and he ruled them suspect of betraying the Muslims and counselling the Byzantines — advising that their treaty be denounced with a year's grace for them to choose: whoever wished might enter the Muslims' lands as a dhimmi, whoever wished might withdraw to Byzantium, and whoever remained stayed at war — arguing from the verse on denouncing covenants openly when treachery is feared. - شخصیت
لويس التاسع ملك الفرنسيس
Louis, king of the Franks, called in their tongue «roi de France»; the Muslims carried him captive from al-Mansura in Egypt in 648 AH and released him on Damietta's surrender, then he returned at the end of Dhu al-Qa'da 668 with three hundred sails and seven kings to besiege Tunis where the Hafsid al-Mustansir ruled, dying in his camp at Carthage in 669 AH — by plague as some said, or by a stray arrow. - شخصیت
لوبي فياسكو
1982 عیسوی · 1402 ھ†The Muslim Chicago rapper of 'Food & Liquor', outspoken about Islam in his music and interviews. - شخصیت
لقمان الأكبر العادي
Luqman son of 'Ad — builder of Saba's dam — who lived, in the saying, the vultures' span, the proverbial longevity the Arabs likened to the raven's health. - شخصیت
لوط
Ibrahim's nephew: 'may God have mercy on Lut — he sheltered at a mighty pillar'. - شخصیت
لطف الله التوقاني
A Hanafi scholar of Turkish origin and upbringing, who studied under the scholars of his time and was known as Mawlana Lutfi. - شخصیت
معد بن عدنان
The Adnani forefather at whom the Prophet bade genealogy stop — above him the copies diverge, in Ibn Hisham's rescension, another version, and Ibn al-A'rabi's from Hisham al-Kalbi. - شخصیت
معبد المغني
Medina's singer — his rendering of al-Ahwas's 'life is only what delights' for Hababa melted Yazid's resolve. - شخصیت
معبد بن أبي معبد الخزاعي
- شخصیت
معبد بن زرارة التميمي
Abu'l-Dabab Ma'bad ibn Zurara, chief of Banu Darim, who sheltered al-Harith ibn Zalim after Khalid's murder; speared amid the dust at Rahrahan, he was taken by two Ghanni clients for twenty camels. - شخصیت
مذكور من بني عذرة
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ماهك
Mahak, the dahqan of Istakhr; he truced Ibn Amir for its folk in 28h — they broke, killed his agent, and were taken by storm. - شخصیت
محبوبة وصيفة المتوكل
Al-Mutawakkil's concubine — poet, scholar of all sciences, lute-player; after his murder she passed to Bugha the Elder, who forced her to sing — she improvised 'what life delights me without Ja'far, a king I saw strewn in his blood?' until Bugha wept himself faint and gave her the choice. - شخصیت
ماهر زين
1981 عیسوی · 1401 ھ†The Swedish-Lebanese singer of 'Insha Allah' and 'Thank You Allah' — the widest-reaching modern nasheed artist on YouTube. - شخصیت
محميّة بن الجزء
A Companion of Zubayd, ally of Banu Sahm; he emigrated to Abyssinia and arrived in the two ships, and the Prophet put him in charge of the Muslims' fifth. - شخصیت
محمد الحميري صاحب مرباط
From boat-hirer to lord of the Dhofar coast — Mahmud al-Himyari served as vizier to Mirbat's ruler, inherited the city by popular affection for his generosity, and in 619 rebuilt it as the walled al-Ahmadiyya beside a great freshwater spring; a lavish patron of poets. - شخصیت
محمود بن سبكتكين الغزنوي
Yamin al-Dawla wa-Amin al-Milla — Sultan Mahmud ibn Sabuktigin of Ghazna, bearer of the caliph al-Qadir's honorifics, who emulated the 408 recantation decree in Khurasan with killing, crucifixion, burning and expulsion of the 'innovators'. - شخصیت
محمود الأول
Mahmud I (r. 1143–1168/1730–1754) — brought in the first European military adviser (the Comte de Bonneval), yet won the war that produced the Treaty of Belgrade 1739: Austria ceded Belgrade, Serbia and Wallachia back, and Russia pledged no Black Sea fleet. - شخصیت
محمود الثاني
Mahmud II (r. from 1223/1808) — destroyed the Janissary corps outright, then was free to rebuild his army on European lines: the fez replaced the turban and European dress became the officials' uniform. - شخصیت
محمود سامي البارودي
1839 عیسوی · 1255 ھ†Mahmud Sami al-Barudi (1839–1904 CE) — the premier who rode with the Urabi revolt, was exiled to Ceylon for seventeen years, and revived classical Arabic poetry. - شخصیت
محمود شكري الألوسي
1856 عیسوی · 1273 ھThe Baghdadi scholar Mahmud Shukri ibn Abd Allah al-Alusi, of a Baghdad family of scholars; he devoted himself to editing and publishing the classical heritage, and his grandfather was the author of the tafsir 'Ruh al-Ma'ani'. - شخصیت
ماهويه
Marw's marzban; in al-Baladhuri, who honored the fleeing Yazdgard, then — ordered to account — incited Nizak Tarkhan and joined his killing. - شخصیت
ماهويه مرزبان مرو
Mahwiya, marzban of Marw; he came to Ali at Kufa and carried back the caliph's letters to the dahqans, asawira and dahshalarin for the jizya — and Khurasan broke away. - شخصیت
مجد الدولة رستم بن فخر الدولة
Fakhr al-Dawla's four-year-old son, installed over Rayy on his father's death in 387 and titled Majd al-Dawla by al-Qadir. - شخصیت
مجنون بني عامر
Qays ibn al-Mulawwah met alive in the 'Amir wastes — 'I am the better poet' he said, then recited his Layla verse. - شخصیت
مجزأة بن ثور السدوسي
Majza'a ibn Thawr al-Sadusi; he held Abu Musa's left wing at Tustar. - شخصیت
ماكان بن كاكي الديلمي
Daylamite commander of Tabaristan; Asfar had been his man before estrangement, his brother Abu'l-Hasan was killed by the captive Alid, and he later returned to rout Asfar. - شخصیت
مخرمة بن نوفل
Makhrama ibn Nawfal; of Quraysh's genealogists summoned with Aqil and Jubayr to write the diwan. - شخصیت
مكحول الشامي
The Syrian scholar present at Marj Dabiq — it was he who called out 'where is 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz?' when the sealed succession was read. - شخصیت
مالك الأشتر النخعي
Malik ibn al-Harith al-Ashtar al-Nakha'i, companion and commander of Ali; in al-Baladhuri's disputed account of the first crossing of the Darb: when Abu Ubayda sent Maysara ibn Masruq al-Absi who fell upon the Byzantines and their musta'riba of Ghassan, Tanukh and Iyad, Malik al-Ashtar came up to him as reinforcement from Abu Ubayda at Antioch. - شخصیت
مالك بن عباد الحضرمي
A trader of Banu al-Hadrami under the protection pact of Banu al-Aswad ibn Razn; Khuza'a killed him on their land and took his goods — the first link in the feud that ended at al-Watir. - شخصیت
مالك بن عبد الله الخثعمي (مالك الصوائف)
Malik ibn Abdallah al-Khath'ami, called Malik al-Sawa'if ('of the summer expeditions'), of the people of Palestine; in al-Baladhuri: he raided Byzantine lands in year 46, won much booty, and on the way back halted three days at a place called al-Rahwa fifteen miles from the Darb al-Hadath, where he sold the spoils and divided the shares — that Rahwa has since been called Rahwat Malik. - شخصیت
مالك بن العجلان
Malik ibn al-Ajlan al-Khazraji: when his sister confessed she must enter al-Fityawn's chamber before her bridegroom's, he killed the Jewish tyrant and fled to Syria — the act that set Abu Jubayla's purge in motion and ended Jewish supremacy at Yathrib. - شخصیت
مالك بن الدخشم
Brother of Banu Salim ibn Awf; the Prophet summoned him with Ma'n ibn Adi — or his brother Asim — and they went to Masjid al-Dirar and burned and demolished it. - شخصیت
مالك بن الهيثم
Abu Muslim's man who saw through Jarir's mission — 'do not go back' — overridden by the caliph's envoy. - شخصیت
مالك بن المنذر بن الجارود
Malik ibn al-Mundhir ibn al-Jarud al-Abdi; Basra's police chief under Khalid al-Qasri — the letter told him 'leave Bashir alone with the Marghab'. - شخصیت
مالك بن النمط الهمداني ذو المشعار
The envoy of Hamdan who met the Prophet on his return from Tabuk, chanted rajaz before the company, then stood before the Prophet and said that the pick of Hamdan, settled and nomad, had come on swift camels bound to the ropes of Islam; the Prophet wrote him a letter for the district of Kharif and the people of the highland slopes and sand dunes granting them their heights and lowlands while they prayed and paid zakat, and he composed verses recalling the Messenger in the blackness of night. Later sources say the Prophet set him over the Muslims of Hamdan. - شخصیت
مالك بن أنس
تقریباً 711 عیسوی · 93 ھImam of Medina and author of the Muwatta; born in Medina, he studied with its scholars and taught there until his death in 179 AH. The Maliki school of law bears his name. - شخصیت
مالك بن عوف النصري
تقریباً 580 عیسویThe young commander of Hawazin who fielded the tribal confederation against the Muslims at Hunayn — and within weeks accepted Islam, reconciled with the Prophet at al-Ji'rana, and led his people back to their faith and their property. - شخصیت
مالك بن أيفع الهمداني
One of the Hamdan delegation who met the Prophet on his return from Tabuk with Malik ibn al-Namat Dhu al-Mish'ar, as Ibn Hisham names them on the authority of Abu Ishaq al-Sabi'i. - شخصیت
مالك بن فهم الأزدي
First king of al-Hira in al-Mas'udi's account — the Azdi who split from the Jafnids' march to Syria and ruled Mudar in Iraq twelve years before his son Jadhima. - شخصیت
مالك بن حريم الهمداني
Leader of Hamdan on the Day of al-Radm against Murad according to Ibn Hisham, against Ibn Ishaq who names al-Ajda' ibn Malik. - شخصیت
مالك بن مرة الرهاوي
The envoy of Himyar's kings to the Prophet with news of their Islam, sent by Zur'a Dhu Yazan, who met the Prophet at Medina on his return from Tabuk; the Prophet's letter names him among the envoys under Mu'adh ibn Jabal, says he delivered the message faithfully, and reports his account that Zur'a was the first of Himyar to convert. - شخصیت
مالك بن ربيعة
A Companion of Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his wife Umra and arrived in the two ships. - شخصیت
مالك بن سنان
An Ansari of Banu Khudra ibn 'Awf of Banu al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj, grandfather of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri; he held the utm 'al-Ajrad' — whose well was called al-Basa — in the known Banu Khudra quarter. - شخصیت
مالك بن عقبون
A Sabian of Harran who rendered the Syriac inscription on their assembly-house at Jiran — Plato's 'know thyself and become divine' — and to whom al-Mas'udi put questions on their practices. - شخصیت
مالك بن زافلة
Commander of the Arab allies of Heraclius at Mu'tah, from Bali of Irash. Killed by Qutba ibn Qatada al-Udhri. Ibn Hisham records an alternate name, Ibn Raflah. - شخصیت
السلطان ملكشاه جلال الدولة بن ألب أرسلان
Third Seljuk sultan, succeeding Alp Arslan in 465; Nizam al-Mulk governed as 'atabeg' — the first to bear the title, 'the father amir'. He entered Baghdad in 479, and returning in 485 with the demand that the caliph quit the city, fell ill and died — counted a karama for al-Muqtadi. - شخصیت
معمر بن عبد الله بن نضلة
A Companion of Banu Adi ibn Ka'b; he emigrated to Abyssinia and arrived in the two ships. - شخصیت
معمر بن الحارث السهمي
Of Banu Sahm; he emigrated to Abyssinia. Ibn Ishaq mentions him without recording his fate. - شخصیت
ماماي صاحب الدست
Mamay, the Tatar amir who subdued the Qipchaq Dasht from its outskirts, held the districts of Haji Cherkes in Manj Tarkhan, stripped all the usurpers and effaced them — and on his death the throne of Saray and its domains settled for Toqtamish ibn Burdbik. - شخصیت
معن بن عدي
Brother of Banu al-Ajlan; the Prophet charged him with Malik ibn al-Dukhshum to demolish and burn Masjid al-Dirar — or charged his brother Asim, in Ibn Ishaq's alternative. - شخصیت
معن بن زائدة الشيباني
Ma'n ibn Za'ida al-Shaybani; al-Mansur's governor of Sijistan — angered by Rutbil's doubled gift-tribute he took Zabulistan with near thirty thousand captives, and in Faraj al-Rukhkhaji's telling put the sword to them over wild-ass dust mistaken for an army; winter drove him to Bust where Kharijites hidden among his builders killed him under the cupping-horn — Yazid ibn Mazyad slew them all. - شخصیت
منكلي صاحب بلاد الجبل
Master of Hamadan, Isfahan and Rayy — he took the Jibal by killing his own master Ayatghamish; al-Nasir's coalition of Uzbek, the Ismaili castles' lord and Kukburi's grand army beat him down from the mountains and he died fleeing, Jumada I 612. - شخصیت
منجوف بن ثور السدوسي
Manjuf ibn Thawr al-Sadusi; he retook Thuban for Abu Musa after its people's breach — al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad had taken it by force before. - شخصیت
منصور الديلمي
Commander of the pilgrim caravan of 317; the pilgrims under him met Abu Tahir at Mecca on the day of Tarwiya, who plundered and killed them even inside the sanctuary. - شخصیت
منصور النمري
The poet whose 'world a bride with them, today in mourning' joined the Barmakid elegy-roll. - شخصیت
منصور بن المعتمر
- شخصیت
منصور بن إسماعيل التميمي
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منصور بن جاونة بن الحارث العامري
Mansur ibn Jamwana ibn al-Harith al-Amiri of Qays, namesake of Hisn Mansur; in al-Baladhuri: he undertook the fortress's building and upkeep, stationed there in Marwan's days with a dense Syrian and Jaziran host to repel the enemy, then was set over al-Ruha's people when they withheld early in the Abbasid state — al-Mansur besieged them, he fled, was amaned and appeared; Abdallah ibn Ali made him chief of his police at his deposition, and when Abdallah fled to Basra he hid, was betrayed in year 141 and killed by al-Mansur at al-Raqqa — or, it is said, letters of his to the Romans betraying Islam were found, and his neck was struck at al-Raqqa. - شخصیت
منصور بن جمهور الكلبي
Mansur ibn Jawhur al-Kalbi; he killed Abu Muslim's Sind agent Mughallis and routed his army — then Musa ibn Ka'b broke him, slew his brother, and drove him to a thirst-death in the sands. - شخصیت
منصور بن قراتكين
Samanid commander; sent by Nuh ibn Nasr he took Rayy from Rukn al-Dawla's lieutenant in 340 and pushed Buyid garrisons back to Qirmisin. - شخصیت
الملك المنصور عمر بن علي بن رسول
Al-Malik al-Mansur Umar ibn Ali ibn Rasul, second Rasulid king of Yemen; succeeding his father in 629 AH, when al-Kamil of Egypt died in 635 and the Ayyubids were consumed by their feuds his sultanate grew strong — he took the laqab al-Mansur and withheld the atawa sent to Egypt, besieged the rising Zaydi imam al-Mutawakkil Ahmad ibn al-Husayn at Hisn Mala, then his own mamluks colluding with his nephews fell on him and killed him in 648. - شخصیت
منويل الرومي
Manuel the Roman, the eunuch; Constantine son of Heraclius sent him with three hundred ships laden with fighters — he entered Alexandria in year 25, or 23 by another report, slaying the Muslim ribat there save those who escaped; Amr ibn al-As marched on him with fifteen thousand, routed them back into the city where they set up the arrada-engines, then planted mangonels till they took the walls and entered by the sword — and Manuel was killed. - شخصیت
معقل بن قيس الرياحي
Ali's commander who demanded ten-for-one odds against the Khirit rebels — 'an equal number will surely stand firm for them' — and led the four-thousand-man Kufa–Basra expedition into Ahwaz. - شخصیت
معقل بن يسار
In al-Baladhuri, who related Umar's consultation of al-Hurmuzan and who witnessed Nihawand — he found al-Nu'man ibn Muqarrin breathing his last, washed his face, and gave him the glad tidings of victory, to which al-Nu'man said 'praise God; write to Umar.' - شخصیت
مردانشاه بن زادان فروخ
Son of al-Hajjaj's Persian scribe; in al-Baladhuri he challenged Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman's Arabization: 'what of dahwiya and shashwiya?' — 'I write ushr and half-ushr'; 'and wid?' — 'likewise' — and cried 'may God cut your root from this world as you have cut Persian's root.' - شخصیت
مرداويج بن زيار الجيلي
Founder of the Ziyarid power in Tabaristan and Jurjan; summoned from Gilan by Asfar ibn Shirawayh who made him army-commander, together they took Tabaristan. - شخصیت
مرداويج بن زياد الديلمي
The Daylamite warlord whose men took Isfahan in 322; among his captains was Ali ibn Buya, who broke away and seized Fars. His power swelled — he was said to aim at Baghdad itself, friendly to the Magians, saying 'I shall restore the Persians' state and erase the Arabs'' — and he died at Isfahan under al-Radi. - شخصیت
مرحب اليهودي
The formidable warrior-chieftain of the Jewish community of Khaybar; renowned for his strength and poetry; advanced in double armor challenging the Muslim army before the fortress of Na'im, where he was slain in single combat by Ali ibn Abi Talib. - شخصیت
مارية القبطية
A woman sent to the Prophet in 7 AH by al-Muqawqis, the ruler of Alexandria, together with her sister Sirin; she embraced Islam, bore him Ibrahim, and died in Muharram 16 AH in Umar's caliphate. - شخصیت
مارية ذات القرطين
The Kindite mother of the Ghassanid king al-Harith ibn Tha'laba — famed in the poets' verse, and ancestress to a line of Ghassanid kings. - شخصیت
مرجانة أم عبيد الله بن زياد
Marjana, Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad's mother, whom Shirawayh the Aswari married and for whom he built the thousand-doored Hazārdir. - شخصیت
مرثد بن عبد الله اليزني
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مروان بن أبي الجنوب
The poet, rewarded by al-Mutawakkil with a hundred and twenty thousand and fifty robes for one ode — 'I feared to grow arrogant; hold back your hands' bounty' — 'I will not hold it till my generosity drowns you'. - شخصیت
مروان بن أبي حفصة
The panegyrist bought by Ma'n for a hundred thousand — barred as a hypocrite until his 'son of the Prophet's heir' ode won al-Mahdi. - شخصیت
مروان بن الحكم
Marwan ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As ibn Umayya; he rode in Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh's reinforced army to Ifriqiya in Uthman's raid with his brother al-Harith ibn al-Hakam; his rule came later, after Mu'awiya ibn Yazid's death amid Ibn al-Zubayr's fitna. - شخصیت
مريم بنت عمران
Mother of Isa, counted by the Prophet among the perfected women with Asiya, and exempted with her son from Satan's newborn prick. - شخصیت
المرزبان بن محمد السلاري
The Sallarid amir of Azerbaijan; after the Rus sack of Barda'a in 332 he mustered thirty thousand, ground them down with feints and ambush, killed their prince and besieged the rest in the Shahrastan fort until Hamdanid moves on Azerbaijan recalled him. - شخصیت
مرزوق أبو الخصيب
Marzuq Abu al-Khasib, Khazim ibn Khuzayma's mawla and namesake of Kufa's Qasr al-Khasib; for al-Mansur he contrived Tabaristan's fall — beaten and shaven by his masters, he played the abused deserter to the Ispahbadh, mapped the Arabs' weaknesses and opened the gate. - شخصیت
مسعدة بن حكمة بن مالك بن حذيفة بن بدر الفزاري
Of the Banu Badr of Fazara; Qays ibn al-Musahhar al-Ya'muri killed him in Zayd ibn Haritha's second raid on Fazara at Wadi al-Qura, and his son Abdullah ibn Mas'ada was captured and brought to the Prophet; Qays composed verses on killing him. - شخصیت
ماسرجويه
- شخصیت
مسلمة بن عبد الملك
Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan the Umayyad; in al-Baladhuri: the Baghras lands were his and he endowed them in the way of good, as were Ayn al-Salur and its pond; he granted companies of Rabi'a estates that were later seized and passed to al-Ma'mun; marching against the Byzantines from the Jaziran marches he camped at Balis, whose people with those of Nuwaylis, Qasirin, Ayidin and Siffin asked him to dig them a channel from the Euphrates to water their land in return for a third of their yield after the sultan's tithe — he did, digging the river named Nahr Maslama, and they kept the bargain while he repaired and strengthened the city's wall; Balis and its villages passed to his heirs until the blessed dynasty came, when Abu al-Abbas granted them to Sulayman ibn Ali. - شخصیت
مسلمة بن هشام بن عبد الملك
- شخصیت
مسلمة بن مخلد الأنصاري
Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari; Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan dismissed Mu'awiya ibn Khudayj and gave him Egypt and the Maghreb — he gave the Maghreb to his mawla Abu al-Muhajir. - شخصیت
مصقلة بن هبيرة
Masmala ibn Hubayra ibn Shabal of Tha'laba ibn Shayban ibn Tha'laba ibn Ukaba; Mu'awiya made him governor of Tabaristan with ten or twenty thousand, the enemy lured him deep then rolled the narrows' rocks down — his army annihilated, his name a proverb for the never-returning. - شخصیت
مسروق بن الأجدع
One of the senior Successors (tabi'un), who transmitted hadith and was known for the Qur'anic readings. Several kunyas are given for him in the sources. - شخصیت
مسعود بن الأسود بن حارثة
Companion of Quraysh, from Banu Adi ibn Ka'b; martyred at Mu'tah in Jumada I, year 8 AH. - شخصیت
مسعود بن حارثة
Brother of al-Muthanna ibn Haritha al-Shaybani; killed at the Day of Mihran, prompting al-Muthanna's saying 'let not my brother's fall dismay you — the falls of your best are such', after which they charged as one. - شخصیت
السلطان مسعود بن محمود الغزنوي
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السلطان مسعود بن محمد بن ملكشاه
Iraqi Seljuk sultan; he fought his nephew Dawud to a shared sultanate with khutba at Baghdad, then warred on al-Mustarshid and captured him — till Sanjar's letter made him kiss the ground before the caliph and release him. - شخصیت
مسعود بن معتب الثقفي
Mas'ud ibn Mu'tib of Thaqif's Ahlaf moiety, sent to Medina to seek the Ansar's alliance against Banu Malik; Uhayha ibn al-Julah refused with the famous counsel — 'your brother is the one you left behind; go back and make peace with him though it cost your nose and ear' — and gave him a slave who raised Ta'if's first fortress-tower. - شخصیت
مسعود بن زمام البلاط
Mas'ud ibn Zammam 'al-Balat', a leading amir of the Nafusa mountains in revolt against the Almohad Abd al-Mu'min — joined Qaraqush's Turkish corps in 568 and took Tripoli with him. - شخصیت
مسعود كورتيس
1981 عیسوی · 1401 ھ†The Macedonian-Turkish vocalist of 'Burdu Al-'Ala' — a pioneer of multilingual European nasheed. - شخصیت
ماوند خليفة رتبيل
Mawand, Rutbil's deputy; granted aman by Ma'n to be borne to the Commander of the Faithful — sent to Baghdad with five thousand of their fighters, honored by al-Mansur, stipended and given command. - شخصیت
مودود صاحب الموصل
Lord of Mosul; in 507 he brought an army against the Frankish king of Jerusalem, then was stabbed by a Batini at Jumu'a in Damascus's mosque and died that day. - شخصیت
ميمون أبو بشر
mawla of Ali ibn Abdallah; in al-Baladhuri granted a qati'a near Bustan al-Qass by Bab al-Sham — the Taqat Bishr are named for his son Bishr. - شخصیت
ميمون الجرجماني
Maymun al-Jurjumani; in al-Baladhuri: he had been a Byzantine slave of the sons of Umm al-Hakam, Mu'awiya's sister — they being Tafa'is — and was attached to the Jarajima only for mixing with them and going out with them on Mount Lebanon; word of his valour and courage reached Abd al-Malik, who asked his masters to free him, which they did, and he gave him command over a body of troops, posting him at Antioch; he raided with Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik at the head of a thousand Antiochenes and was martyred after a fine stand and a famous fight, whereupon Abd al-Malik made his loss public mourning and sent a great army against the Byzantines seeking his vengeance. - شخصیت
ميمون بن مهران
Maymun ibn Mihran of the Jazira and al-Raqqa, a jurist of the Followers and judge of the Jazira in the Umayyad age; in al-Baladhuri, through the Raqqa judge Dawud ibn Abd al-Hamid's family chain, his saying 'the whole Jazira is Iyad ibn Ghanm's conquest after Abu Ubayda's death' — he being of that country and among those most knowing of its reports. - شخصیت
ميمونة بنت الحارث
A Mother of the Believers and sister of Umm al-Fadl Lubaba; she was named Barra and the Prophet called her Maymuna; he married her at the 'umrat al-qada' in 7 AH, and Ibn Sa'd says she was the last wife he took whom he consummated with; whether he was in ihram at the contract is disputed. - شخصیت
ميسرة
Khadija's servant who accompanied Muhammad on her trade trip to Syria and reported back the honesty and noble character he saw — the testimony that led her to seek his hand. - شخصیت
ميسرة العبدي
Maysara al-Abdi — mawla of Ali ibn Abdallah ibn Abbas and one of the three organisers of the Abbasid da'wa in Iraq. - شخصیت
ميسرة بن مسروق العبسي
Maysara ibn Masruq al-Absi, raiding commander of Abu Ubayda; in al-Baladhuri: some hold he was the first to cut the Darb — the Baghras pass — sent by Abu Ubayda, meeting a Byzantine gathering with musta'riba of Ghassan, Tanukh and Iyad bound for Heraclius, whom he shattered with a great slaughter, or by another report reaching Zanda; against those who make the first crosser Umayr ibn Sa'd on Jabala's affair or Abu Ubayda himself. - شخصیت
ميشاء بنت زاذويه
Maysha', daughter of Zadhuya marzban of Sarakhs; she fell in Ibn Khazim al-Sulami's lot of the Sarakhs treaty, who took her and named her Maysha'. - شخصیت
ميسون بنت بجدل الكلبية
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ميسور
The Fatimid Kutama commander; marching to relieve Qayrawan in 333 his horse fell under him and Abu Yazid's men killed him — his head paraded through the city. - شخصیت
مزاحم مولى عمر بن عبد العزيز
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مازيار بن قارن
Mazyar ibn Qarin, Ispahbadh of Tabaristan; he conquered the impregnable Shirwin mountains with Muhammad ibn Musa under al-Ma'mun, who named him Muhammad and gave him the Ispahbadh's rank over Tabaristan, al-Ruwayan and Dumbawand. Al-Mu'tasim confirmed him; six years in he apostatized and broke faith — taken by his brother Quhyar's ambush-ruse with al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn, carried to Samarra in 225, flogged to death and crucified beside Babak. - شخصیت
السلطان محمد الفاتح
Mehmed the Conqueror, seventh of the Ottoman kings — sultan for thirty-one years from 856, 'the greatest of their sultans in jihad', who laid the Ottoman state's foundations and its statutes. His fame rests on the conquest of Constantinople: he drove ships over land, besieged it fifty days and took it on Wednesday 20 Jumada II 857, prayed Friday in Hagia Sophia, built the Eight Madrasas with endowed stipend-ranks for students, and drew the age's great scholars — Ali al-Qushji, al-Tusi, al-Kurani — till Istanbul became mother of the world. - شخصیت
محمد الثالث
تقریباً 1566 عیسوی · 974 ھMehmed III (r. 1003–1012/1595–1603) — the last Ottoman sultan to take the field in person, reviving the custom his father and grandfather had let lapse; at Eger he held firm when his troops scattered and the victory came within the hour. A poet-sultan inclined to tasawwuf; died 18 Rajab 1012 aged 38. - شخصیت
محمد الرابع
تقریباً 1642 عیسوی · 1051 ھMehmed IV (r. 1058–1099/1648–1687) — enthroned at seven after his father's killing; Europe formed the Holy League against him, and the Köprülü viziers answered it until defeats after Fazıl Ahmed's death forced the ulema and statesmen to depose him in 1099. - شخصیت
محمد عاكف إرصوي
1873 عیسوی · 1290 ھ†A Turkish poet and man of letters, born in Istanbul in 1873 and died in 1936. - شخصیت
منكوتمر بن طغان ملك الدست
Mengu-Timur ibn Taghan ibn Batu (Naju) ibn Jochi, king of the northern Dasht after Berke in 665 AH; long of days, he marched on Constantinople in 670 whose king met him in submission, then on Syria in 680 in concert with Abaga — besieged Hama and met disaster at Homs against al-Mansur Qalawun — dying in 681, when his son Tudan succeeded. - شخصیت
مدعم مولى رسول الله
The Prophet's servant Mid'am — shot dead by an arrow at Wadi'l-Qura, the combat for which al-Waqidi counts the Prophet in eleven raids against Ibn Ishaq's nine. - شخصیت
مدحت باشا
Midhat Pasha — author of the 1876 Ottoman constitution, the first borrowed Western constitution in the history of Islamic states. - شخصیت
مذلاج بن عمرو السلمي
Midlaj ibn Amr al-Sulami, confederate of Banu Abd Shams and a man of companionship; in al-Baladhuri from certain scholars: he it was who went against Hit and the forts beyond out of Kufa, taking it and building al-Haditha on the Euphrates — his descendants at Hit including a man called Abu Harun still remembered there — or, it is said, he acted under Sa'd ibn Amr ibn Haram. - شخصیت
مهارش بن المجلي العقيلي
- شخصیت
مهلهل بن صفوان
his name Yahya ibn Safwan, mawla of Ali ibn Abdallah; in al-Baladhuri al-Mansur granted him a qati'a in the city whence Darb Mihlahil — renamed by Muhammad ibn Ali from a verse of 'Muhalmil,' and Muhammad freed him. - شخصیت
مهران بن مهربنداذ الهمذاني
Persian commander sent by Buran bint Kisra against the Muslims in twelve thousand; killed at al-Buwayb in year 14, Jarir ibn Abdallah and al-Mundhir ibn Hassan al-Dabbi disputing his kill — Mundhir took his belt, Jarir the rest. - شخصیت
البطريرك ميخائيل، بطريرك الإسكندرية
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مقيس بن صبابة
A man of Banu Sahm who came to Medina feigning Islam to claim blood money for his brother killed accidentally; after accepting the wergild, he murdered his brother's killer and fled back to Mecca an apostate; proscribed on the day of the Conquest and slain by Numayla ibn Abdullah. - شخصیت
مرداس بن أبي عامر السلمي
Father of al-Abbas ibn Mirdas — counted by al-Mas'udi among the men the jinn killed. - شخصیت
مرداس بن نهيك
An ally of Banu Murra from al-Huraqa of Juhayna; killed by Usama ibn Zayd and an Ansari in Ghalib ibn Abdullah's raid on Banu Murra after saying 'I testify there is no god but God', for which the Prophet rebuked Usama. - شخصیت
مسكين المدني
The tailor-slave who bought the jar-girl's tune for four dirhams and a shaved head — and sang it before al-Rashid for four thousand dinars. - شخصیت
مسطح بن أثاثة
An early Muhajir Companion and Badri veteran from Banu al-Muttalib, maternal cousin of Abu Bakr who provided for him; drawn into repeating the slander against Aisha, he received the prescribed punishment; when Abu Bakr swore to cut his financial aid, God revealed Surat al-Nur 24:22 urging forgiveness, after which Abu Bakr restored and increased his stipend. - شخصیت
منكوفان بن طولي
Monke ibn Tolui ibn Genghis Khan, the Great Khan; ruling after Ogedei he set Chaghatay's sons under their uncle over Transoxiana by Genghis's bequest — his brother Berke of the Qipchaq urged him to seize the caliphate's domains and he assented, and informed of the Ismailis' corruption he dispatched his brother Hulagu to exterminate them and conquer Khita with their brother Qubilai; Hulagu crushed the Mulahida's castles then marched on Baghdad to the famous catastrophe. - شخصیت
معاذ بن عمرو بن الجموح
A young Khazraji who, with Mu'awwidh ibn Afra, struck down Abu Jahl at Badr; the Prophet judged that both had killed him and awarded Mu'adh the spoils; his hand was severed by Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl in the same fight. - شخصیت
معاذ بن جبل
تقریباً 603 عیسویA young Ansari convert of the pledges of Aqaba, remembered as the most learned of the community in what is lawful and forbidden; the Prophet sent him to Yemen as its teacher and judge. - شخصیت
معاذة العدوية
Mu'adha al-Adawiyya, the Basran ascetic; her husband Sila ibn Ashyam Abu al-Sahba' al-Adawi fell with Yazid ibn Ziyad at Junza in the Kabul battle. - شخصیت
معمر بن عباد
Mu'ammar ibn Abbad al-Sulami — a leading man of the Basra branch of the Mu'tazila. - شخصیت
معمر بن راشد
Mu'ammar ibn Rashid — Basran second-tier sira/maghazi author, d. 150. - شخصیت
مؤنس الخادم الملقب بالمظفر
The eunuch 'al-Muzaffar'; he deposed al-Muqtadir in 317 and hailed al-Qahir, saw him restored within days, then rode on him again in 320 — at the encounter a Berber's javelin unhorsed the caliph and he was butchered, his head borne on a lance. - شخصیت
معتب بن قشير
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: of Banu Dubay'a ibn Zayd. - شخصیت
معاوية بن أبي سفيان
A Qurashi of the Umayyad clan, born five years before the mission on the best-known account; he accompanied the Prophet and wrote for him, Umar appointed him over Syria after his brother Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Uthman kept him there, then he did not pledge to Ali and fought him, took Syria for himself and added Egypt, took the title of caliph after the two arbitrators, and the people gathered on him in the year of the community when al-Hasan made peace with him; the time of his conversion is disputed. - شخصیت
معاوية بن المهلب
Mu'awiya ibn al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra; carried bound to Iraq with Muhammad ibn al-Qasim on Sulayman's recall. - شخصیت
معاوية بن عمرو الموصلي
Mu'awiya ibn Amr al-Mawsili al-Ta'i; he settled Tarir in Azerbaijan, built and housed his sons who raised palaces, made it a town and built the Bajirwan Market the Sultan set apart for them. - شخصیت
معاوية بن هشام بن عبد الملك
- شخصیت
معاوية بن حديج الكندي
Mu'awiya ibn Khudayj al-Kindi, then al-Sukuni; Amr ibn al-As sent him to Umar ibn al-Khattab bearing the letter of Alexandria's conquest, the khums sent with him. - شخصیت
معاوية بن صعصعة
Mu'awiya ibn Sa'sa'a ibn Mu'awiya, al-Ahnaf ibn Qays's cousin's son; he backed Humayri in the Marghab feud — when Bashir pleaded the canal was their herds' pasture: 'for a bow-legged cow, a she-ass and a kid you would take our pasture?' - شخصیت
معاوية بن يزيد بن معاوية
43 ھThird Umayyad caliph, succeeded by his father's testament in Rabi' I 64 — a righteous youth whose forty-day (or three-month) caliphate passed in illness without public appearance; he refused to name a successor, saying 'I tasted none of its sweetness — why should I shoulder its bitterness?', and died about twenty-one. - شخصیت
معوذ بن عفراء
A young Khazraji — known by his mother's name Afra — who with Mu'adh ibn Amr ibn al-Jamuh struck Abu Jahl at Badr and left him dying; Mu'awwidh fought on until he was killed in the same battle. - شخصیت
معيقيب بن أبي فاطمة
Mu'ayqib ibn Abi Fatima, Umar's scribe; he wrote the letter to al-Mughira granting Abu Abdallah Nafi's Basra land for tillage and foals in Safar 17 AH. - شخصیت
الملك المؤيد داود بن يوسف
Al-Malik al-Mu'ayyad Dawud ibn al-Muzaffar Yusuf, fifth Rasulid king of Yemen; freed from confinement and enthroned after his brother al-Ashraf's killing in 696 AH, he opened his reign by executing the poisoner slave-girl, kept Egypt's Turkish kings supplied with gifts until his 711 offering reached two hundred camel-loads of textiles, rarities and mounts, gathered books from every land until his treasury held a hundred thousand volumes, tended the scholars with his stipends sending gifts to the Shafi'i faqih Ibn Daqiq al-Id in Egypt, and died in 721. - شخصیت
مؤيد الدولة بن ركن الدولة
Rukn al-Dawla's son, given Rayy and Isfahan in the division of 365; died 373. - شخصیت
مؤيد الدين ابن القصاب
Ibn al-Qassab, al-Nasir's deputy-vizier — who had earlier administered Khuzistan and mapped its weakness — won the vizieral robe in Sha'ban 590 and the commission to take the country for the caliph; he took Tustar in Muharram 591, the citadels al-Nazir, Kakard and al-Amuj, and shipped the feuding Banu Shamla heirs off to Baghdad. - شخصیت
مبارز الدين محمد بن المظفر
Mubariz al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar al-Yazdi, the true founder of Muzaffarid kingship; he took Kirman and its country, then coveting Fars raised the outcry against his nephew Abu Ishaq Amir Shaykh for killing a Shirazi sharif — the city, resentful of Amir Shaykh, opened to him, he took its throne, chased Abu Ishaq to Isfahan, seized it, hunted him down and killed him as qisas for the sharif; his four sons — Shah Wali, Mahmud, Shuja' and Ahmad — ruled after him until Timur exterminated the line. - شخصیت
مضاض بن عمرو الجرهمي
Chief of Jurhum in the story of Ismail; he gave Ismail his daughter after Ismail divorced his first wife, and she bore twelve sons; after Nabit and Qaydar the leadership of Mecca passed to him and stayed with Jurhum for about twenty centuries. Not to be confused with Amr ibn al-Harith ibn Mudad who buried the Kaaba's gazelles when Jurhum left. - شخصیت
مدرك بن المهلب
Mudrik ibn al-Muhallab; his brother Yazid, given Iraq by Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik, made him governor of Sijistan — and Rutbil gave him nothing. - شخصیت
مدركة بن إلياس
The 'Amr of Ilyas called Mudrika — Khindif's son and Kinana's forebear in the Prophet's line. - شخصیت
مغلس العبدي
Mughallis al-Abdi; Abu Muslim's man on the Sind frontier at the da'wa's dawn — he took the Tukharistan road. - شخصیت
مغيث الرومي
Al-Walid's mawla, sent by Tariq with seven hundred horse to Cordoba; by the fig-tree breach in the wall he took the city by storm, besieged its lord in the western church for three months until his slave Rabah revealed the water channel, and ran down the fleeing king near Tatlira — some say Mughith, not Tariq, was Cordoba's real conqueror. - شخصیت
محلّم بن جثامة الليثي
Of Banu Layth; in Ibn Abi Hadrad's detachment to Idam he killed Amir ibn al-Adbat al-Ashja'i after the man had given the greeting of Islam, over an old grudge; blood-money was accepted at Hunayn and the Prophet prayed 'O God, do not forgive Muhallim'; al-Hasan al-Basri reports he died within seven days and the earth cast him out. Ibn Ishaq calls him Muljim, Ibn Hisham Muhallim. - شخصیت
محمد
تقریباً 570 عیسویThe Prophet of Islam (c. 570–632 CE), through whom Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed, and the founder of the first Muslim community in Medina. - شخصیت
الشيخ محمد عبده
Egyptian reformer of the late 19th and early 20th century. Arslan, who studied under him in Beirut during Abduh's exile after the 'Urabi revolt (1886), calls him the teacher of the age and says that his reading of Islamic belief was the one that could revive the faith; Arslan also notes that Rashid Rida wrote his biography in two volumes. - شخصیت
محمد الأمين المثقب
1875 عیسوی · 1292 ھA Mauritanian scholar and teacher from a learned family. - شخصیت
محمد الأمين الشنقيطي
1875 عیسوی · 1292 ھA Mauritanian scholar from a learned family, known for his teaching and learning in the Shinqit region. - شخصیت
محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب (الباقر)
A Medinan Successor jurist listed by Shirazi in the second generation; Mus'ab al-Zubayri says he died in 114 AH. - شخصیت
محمد البشير الخوجة
1869 عیسوی · 1286 ھA Tunisian historian of encyclopaedic learning. - شخصیت
محمد الجزولي السملالي
From the mountains of Sus in the Maghrib, author of the widely read Dala'il al-Khayrat on blessings upon the Prophet. - شخصیت
محمد بن الحسن الجربذقاني
933 عیسوی · 321 ھA philologist, man of letters and Shafi'i jurist, born in Jurbadhaqan. - شخصیت
محمد المهدي السنوسي
1843 عیسوی · 1259 ھ†Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Sanusi (1843–c. 1902 CE) — second leader of the Sanusiyya, under whom its zawiyas stretched from Morocco to India, each a self-supporting khalifa-run community. - شخصیت
محمد النفس الزكية
Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali, al-Nafs al-Zakiyya; he and his brother Ibrahim rose in year 145 and al-Mansur overcame them, killing them with a great company of the Prophet's house — al-Mansur being the first to sow strife between Abbasids and Alids, hitherto one party, and he harmed scholars who had joined them or sanctioned the rising: Abu Hanifa, Abd al-Hamid ibn Ja'far and Ibn Ajlan among them. Malik sanctioned the rising, saying 'your bay'a was coerced, and there is no oath upon the coerced'. - شخصیت
محمد الناصر بن المنصور الموحدي
The Almohad caliph Muhammad al-Nasir b. al-Mansur; fought Ibn Ghaniya in Ifriqiya, received Mahdiyya 603, marched to Seville 609 and was broken at al-Uqab at the end of Safar, dying at Marrakesh months later. - شخصیت
محمد الرِّقوطي
Muhammad al-Riquti of Murcia, among the most learned Andalusis in the ancient sciences — logic, geometry, arithmetic, music and medicine; when the Christian king took Murcia he recognised his worth and built him a school in which he taught Muslims, Christians and Jews, and refused the offer of conversion. - شخصیت
محمد الشاذلي خزندار
1881 عیسوی · 1299 ھA Tunisian poet from the suburbs of Tunis, known as al-Sha'ir. - شخصیت
محمد التافلاتي
A Moroccan mufti from Tafilalt, a Maliki who later followed the Hanafi school. - شخصیت
محمد التاردي بن سودة
1707 عیسوی · 1118 ھA jurist from a family of scholars in Fez, who was also a hadith scholar and a Sufi. - شخصیت
محمد التطواني
A jurist, historian and journalist from Tetouan, of Andalusian descent. - شخصیت
محمد علي باشا
تقریباً 1769 عیسوی · تقریباً 1183 ھ†Muhammad Ali Pasha (d. 1265 AH/1849 CE) — the Albanian-born founder of Egypt's Muhammad Ali dynasty: the Nile fleet, the Alexandria arsenal, the Sudan annexation and the European missions. - شخصیت
محمد فريد
1867 عیسوی · 1284 ھ†Muhammad Farid (1867–1919 CE) — Mustafa Kamil's successor as leader of Egypt's National Party and historian of the Ottoman state. - شخصیت
محمد الأول بن عبد الرحمن
تقریباً 823 عیسوی · تقریباً 207 ھSixth Umayyad emir of Córdoba (AH 238–273): he ambushed Toledo and its Galician-Pamplonan allies at Wadi Salit leaving twenty thousand dead, beat off the Majus ships in 245, held Fortún of Pamplona captive in Córdoba for twenty years, and saw Mérida razed to no trace. - شخصیت
محمد بن يوسف بن نصر بن الأحمر
Founder of the Nasrid house: of Arjuna's military families near Cordoba, counted to Sa'd b. Ubada of the Khazraj; rose against Ibn Hud in 629 under Hafsid allegiance, took Jaen, Jerez, Seville and finally Granada in 635 by its people's complicity. - شخصیت
محمد الأول جلبي
1379 عیسوی · 781 ھMehmed I (1379–1421 CE) — 'the second founder' who reunified the Ottoman state after the Timurid interregnum, fought in twenty-four wars, and first sent the annual surra gift to the Amir of Mecca. - شخصیت
محمد بن عبد الحق المريني
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Haqq al-Marini, nicknamed Abu Darba ('father of the blow'); succeeding his brother Uthman he kept up the pressure on Morocco's towns, and in single combat with a Christian captain they exchanged two strokes — the Frank dying of one, Muhammad's face cut by the other, the scar earning him his laqab; when al-Sa'id ibn al-Ma'mun's Almohad host of Arabs, Masmuda and Christian troops near twenty thousand marched in 642, Banu Marin met them at Wadi Yabash where Muhammad fell in the melee to a Frankish champion and the tribe broke to the Ghiyatha mountains. - شخصیت
محمد بن عبد الكريم
The Almohad army-commander at Mahdiyya — feared by every Arab of Ifriqiya — who rebelled over the Banu Awf captives, held the city against the vizier, allied with Ibn Ghaniya, then chose loyalty to the new caliph al-Nasir: 'I hand it only to whom the Commander of the Faithful sends'. - شخصیت
محمد بن عبد الملك الزيات
Al-Mu'tasim's vizier; he elegized him joining condolence and congratulation — 'go, for a fine keeper you were over the world and a fine backer of the faith; God mends a nation that loses your like only with a Harun'. - شخصیت
محمد بن عبد الملك بن سعيد
The great Almohad wazir of Granada, born 514, who saw the Prophet's letter to Heraclius still honoured at Alfonso's court, whom al-Rusafi praised and al-Mansur briefly arrested in 593; he died at Granada in Sha'ban 589. - شخصیت
محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى
تقریباً 693 عیسوی · 74 ھ - شخصیت
محمد بن عبد الله بليهد
1892 عیسوی · 1310 ھA Saudi scholar born in 1310 AH from the Bulayhid family of Najd, recorded in modern biographical sources. - شخصیت
محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم
- شخصیت
محمد بن عبد الله بن طاهر
The amir of Baghdad; al-Mu'tazz gave him the royal khil'a and girded him with two swords, then deposed him. - شخصیت
محمد بن عبد الله بن خازم
Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Khazim al-Sulami; made over Herat by his father, he was killed in Tamim's rising — avenged by Uthman ibn Bashir's slaying in cold blood. - شخصیت
محمد بن أبي الأزهر
The littérateur who baited Ibn al-Mudabbir and Ibn al-A'rabi into praising then damning unattributed Abu Tammam verses. - شخصیت
محمد بن أبي الليث
Egypt's chief qadi; in 237 al-Mutawakkil ordered his beard shaved, his beating and a donkey-parade — 'and well done, for he was a tyrant of the Jahmiyya's leaders'. - شخصیت
محمد بن أبي القاسم ابن الأنباري
884 عیسوی · 271 ھThe philologist, grammarian and transmitter of poetry Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abi al-Qasim ibn Bashshar al-Anbari, raised in a household of learning in al-Anbar, who studied with his father the sciences of hadith, reports and language. - شخصیت
محمد بن أبي بكر الصديق
10 ھSon of Abu Bakr, born on the Farewell Pilgrimage as the Prophet set out from al-Juhfa for Mecca and named for him. The Egyptians proposed him to Uthman as their governor and he rode out with them bearing his commission; when the hidden letter to Egypt's governor was found in the water-skin he returned, sealed it before witnesses, and was among those who scaled Uthman's house — he seized Uthman's beard, but when Uthman said 'had your father seen you he would have disliked your station over me' his hand slackened and he withdrew repentant, later confessing to Ali that he had entered meaning to kill him but had not done so. - شخصیت
محمد بن أبي حذيفة
Born in the land of Abyssinia to his father Abu Hudhayfa; Ibn Ishaq names him among 'their children in Abyssinia' of Banu Abd Shams. - شخصیت
محمد بن أبي الساج
The Sajid of Azerbaijan whose death in 288 split his following between brother Yusuf and son Bawdar. - شخصیت
محمد بن أحمد أكنسوس
1776 عیسوی · 1190 ھ†The Sufi preacher Muhammad ibn Ahmad Aknasus, a figure of the Tijani order in the Sus region of Morocco; the order spread in the region through his efforts. - شخصیت
محمد بن أحمد الأندرشي البلنسي
The jurist and physician Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Andarshi al-Balansi, who died at Tunis in 674 AH and wrote a versified medical poem and a verse work on simple drugs. - شخصیت
محمد بن أحمد بن عيسى بن الشيخ
The Shaybanid who held Amad against al-Mu'tadid's siege in 286 until forced down on terms. - شخصیت
محمد بن الأشعث الخزاعي
Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i; Abu al-Abbas gave him Ifriqiya — he repaired Qayrawan's city and mosque — then al-Mansur dismissed him and put Umar ibn Hafs Hazarmard in his place. - شخصیت
محمد بن الأشعث الكندي
Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath ibn Qays al-Kindi; Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad's governor of Tabaristan — he treated and covenanted, they let him in, seized the narrows, killed his son Abu Bakr and crushed his skull, and he escaped. - شخصیت
محمد بن الفضل الجرجرائي
Al-Mutawakkil's first wazir, dismissed for 'Ubaydallah ibn Yahya. - شخصیت
محمد بن الحنفية
Ali's son by a Hanifa woman — the dying caliph commended him to honour his brothers and charged them 'he is your sword and your father's son; honour him and know his right'. - شخصیت
محمد بن الحارث الخشني
An Andalusian historian of Kairouan, named al-Khushani. - شخصیت
محمد بن الحسن بن جعفر العلوي
Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ja'far the Talibid; he and his brother Ali stormed Medina in Safar 271, killing townsmen and levying money, so that no Friday nor congregational prayer was held in the Prophet's mosque for four weeks. - شخصیت
محمد بن الحسن الشيباني
Abu Hanifa's great disciple and qadi — dead at Rayy in 189 travelling with al-Rashid. - شخصیت
محمد بن المكتفي
Al-Muktafi's son; asked to take the caliphate when al-Muqtadir was killed, he declined — 'my uncle is worthier' — so it went to al-Qahir. When Mu'nis, Ibn Muqla and others later agreed to depose al-Qahir for him, al-Qahir outmanoeuvred them, slaughtered them, and walled Ibn al-Muktafi between two walls. - شخصیت
أبو الدرداء محمد بن المسيب العقيلي
Abu al-Darda' Muhammad ibn al-Musayyib ibn Rafi' ibn Muqallad, amir of Banu Uqayl and founder of their rule at Mosul — he killed Abu Tahir and his companions and took the city; when Baha' al-Dawla sent Abu Ja'far al-Hajjaj ibn Hurmuz who seized it, he marched against him with his people and rallied Arabs but the Daylamites prevailed; he died in 386 AH, the emirate passing to his brother Ali then settling with their brother al-Muqallad. - شخصیت
محمد بن القاسم الثقفي
Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Thaqafi, conqueror of Sind in al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik's caliphate; in al-Baladhuri: al-Walid transferred to Antioch a company of the Sindhi Zutt whom Muhammad ibn al-Qasim had assigned to al-Hajjaj, who sent them on to Syria — as Mu'awiya had earlier, in year 49 or 50, moved companies of Basra's Zutt and Sayabija to the coasts, settling some at Antioch. - شخصیت
محمد بن القاسم العلوي
The devout 'Alid of Kufa who fled al-Mu'tasim to Khurasan — captured by 'Abdallah ibn Tahir, then either poisoned or smuggled out of his cage by Talaqan followers who still await him as mahdi. - شخصیت
محمد بن الوليد الزبيدي
- شخصیت
محمد بن الواثق
An Abbasid prince, son of al-Wathiq. When al-Mu'tazz was brought before the court, Muhammad ibn al-Wathiq rose and embraced him and they sat together on the throne, in the context of al-Mu'tazz's deposition. - شخصیت
محمد بن الوزير الحافظ الدمشقي
Damascene poet whose rice-panegyric graced al-Mustakfi's table. - شخصیت
محمد بن علي العباسي
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah ibn al-Abbas, head of the da'wa; in al-Baladhuri he renamed Ali's mawla Yahya 'Mihlahil' from a verse and freed him — his mawlas Munira and Umm Ubayda their fosterer received Baghdad qati'as from al-Mansur. - شخصیت
محمد بن علي العبدي الخراساني
The Khurasani chronicler whom al-Qahir forced at spearpoint to describe every Abbasid caliph's character. - شخصیت
محمد بن علي الأنصاري الجياني
1098 عیسوی · 492 ھThe traditionist, Qur'an commentator and reader Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali al-Ansari al-Jayyani, born at Jaen in al-Andalus in 492 AH; he travelled east and settled at Damascus, where he taught the Qur'an. - شخصیت
محمد بن علي العزفي
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Azafi, master of Ceuta when Sultan Abu al-Hasan took it; the sultan gave him command of the hundred-sail combined fleets of the two Maghrebs at Ceuta's anchorage and sent him to close with the Christian fleet in the Strait — the ships grappled, the wind of victory rose, he cut down the enemy, killed their admiral al-Maland and towed the prizes home, a victory of great fame. - شخصیت
محمد بن علي الجواد
Ali al-Rida's son — dead Dhu'l-Hijja 219 aged twenty-five, buried by his grandfather Musa at the Quraysh graves, al-Wathiq praying over him. - شخصیت
محمد بن علي الخراساني
Summoned before al-Qahir with the spear laid before him, he answered the caliph's question on the characters of the Abbasid caliphs one by one from al-Saffah to al-Mutawakkil — 'I have heard your words as though I beheld them'. - شخصیت
محمد بن علي السنوسي
تقریباً 1787 عیسوی · تقریباً 1201 ھ†Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi (d. 1275 AH/1859 CE) — founder of the Sanusiyya order: Mostaganem, Fez, Mecca's Abu Qubays zawiya, then Cyrenaica's al-Bayda' and the Jaghbub retreat. - شخصیت
محمد بن بشر
A Baghdad claimant to divinity (rububiyya), seized with a band of followers in Sha'ban 298. - شخصیت
محمد بن داود بن الجراح
A Jarrahid vizier of Baghdad, one of the chiefs of the 296 deposition of al-Muqtadir; Ibn al-Mu'tazz made him vizier, and when the day collapsed he hid in his house. - شخصیت
محمد بن هارون النمري
Muhammad ibn Harun ibn Dhar' al-Namari; al-Hajjaj's Makran governor — in his day the king of Jazirat al-Yaqut gifted al-Hajjaj Muslim-born orphans of merchant fathers. - شخصیت
محمد بن حاطب
Son of Hatib ibn al-Harith and Fatima bint al-Mujallal; he arrived with his mother and brother in one of the ships. - شخصیت
محمد بن حازم الباهلي
The poet of the Buran wedding's double-edged epigram — 'you have triumphed, but by the basest of men' — which left al-Ma'mun unsure whether praise or blame was meant. - شخصیت
محمد بن هشام المهدي
Muhammad ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Jabbar, an Umayyad of Cordoba who seized the city in 399 as 'al-Mahdi', hid the caliph Hisham al-Mu'ayyad and buried a lookalike Christian corpse in his name — the opening act of the fitna that broke the caliphate. - شخصیت
محمد بن حميد الطوسي
The amir of Tus whose drinking-party ended when his page and singer drowned themselves for love in the Tigris. - شخصیت
محمد بن إبراهيم بن محمد بن علي
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hashimi; in al-Baladhuri: sent to Malatya in year 141 at the head of a Khurasani force with al-Musayyab ibn Zuhayr over his police, garrisoning it lest the enemy covet it until its remaining people returned; then Musa al-Hadi gave him the Jazira and Qinnasrin in place of Ali ibn Sulayman, and he levied for Madinat al-Hadath a contingent of Syrians, Jazirans and Khurasanis at forty dinars' pay, granting house-lots and three hundred dirhams a man — completed in year 169; al-Rashid built and garrisoned Zibatra by his hand, and the works of Madinat al-Hadath likewise ran on his authority for al-Rashid until he was removed. - شخصیت
محمد بن إبراهيم المتطبب
Personal physician to the Ottoman sultan Ahmad I, who ascended the throne in 1603. - شخصیت
محمد بن إبراهيم بن مصعب
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Mus'ab; al-Mu'tasim sent him with the court's joined troops against Mazyar beside al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn. - شخصیت
محمد بن عيسى آل خليفة
1876 عیسوی · 1293 ھA prince and poet of the Al Khalifa family of Bahrain. - شخصیت
محمد بن إياس الأزدي
Father of Abu Zakariya Yazid ibn Muhammad, author of the Tarikh al-Mawsil; a virtuous man, he died in 298. - شخصیت
محمد بن جعفر بن يحيى
The Alid fugitive to lower Tahert — 'just and upright' among his followers, dead by poison in the Maghreb. - شخصیت
السلطان محمد بن ملكشاه غياث الدنيا والدين
Malikshah's son; he beat his brother Barkyaruq and was invested Ghiyath al-Dunya wa'l-Din with khutba at Baghdad, made peace in 497, then took the whole sultanate from Barkyaruq's child in 498. He took the Batiniyya's Isfahan castle in 500, lifted Baghdad's taxes in 501, and died in 511 leaving fourteen-year-old Mahmud. - شخصیت
محمد بن مروان
Muhammad ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam; he governed Mosul, the Jazira, Armenia and Azerbaijan for his father Marwan, his police-chief Ibn Tulayd paving Mosul with stone — Waqidi has Abd al-Malik giving him the Jazira and Armenia and his brother Sa'id Mosul. - شخصیت
محمد بن مسلمة
A Companion of the Aws who embraced Islam early at the hands of Mus'ab ibn Umayr and was paired by the Prophet with Abu Ubayda; he was in the campaigns except Tabuk, was among those who went to kill Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, and is remembered for withdrawing from the civil strife, joining neither the Camel nor Siffin. - شخصیت
محمد بن موسى بن حفص بن عمر بن العلاء
Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Hafs ibn Umar ibn al-Ala'; with Mazyar ibn Qarin he conquered the Shirwin mountains — Tabaristan's most impregnable, thickest in jungle and thicket — under al-Ma'mun. - شخصیت
محمد بن مصعب الثقفي
Muhammad ibn Mus'ab ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Thaqafi; sent on Sadusan he took the samaniyya-brokered aman — kharaj, hostages, and four thousand Zutt auxiliaries. - شخصیت
محمد بن مسافر الطرمي
Muhammad ibn Musafir, a Daylamite magnate and master of al-Tarum castle; he married into the Kurdish chiefs who bore him his son Rustam, and among his many sons were Salar, Sa'luk, Wahsudan and al-Marzuban — from his house rose the Musafirid state in Azerbaijan. - شخصیت
محمد بن مصطفى بيرم
1840 عیسوی · 1256 ھA Tunisian scholar of the Bayram family who lived through the early French period. - شخصیت
محمد بن نافع الخزاعي
He examined the Black Stone while it lay uprooted: the blackness only at its head, the rest white, its length a forearm's bone. - شخصیت
محمد بن نصر المروزي
تقریباً 818 عیسوی · 202 ھ - شخصیت
محمد بن نصر بن بسام
Abu Ja'far the munificent — his Armenian-plastered dome, giraffe-necked brazier and thousand-apple ewers; even his splendor was lampooned by his own son. - شخصیت
محمد بن نوح العجلي
One of the hadith men who refused, with Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Sajjada and al-Qawariri, to affirm the Quran created in 218 — shackled; when Sajjada then al-Qawariri relented, he and Ahmad were forwarded toward the Byzantines until news of al-Ma'mun's death overtook them on the road. - شخصیت
محمد بن رائق
Amir of Wasit; in 324 he prevailed over the state — the vizierate lapsed, the money flowed to him, al-Radi became a name only. Driven out by Bajkam, he returned, beat Kurtakin the Daylamite and took the amirate of amirs, then fled al-Baridi's rising to Mosul and was assassinated at Takrit — Hasan ibn Hamdan succeeding as Nasir al-Dawla. - شخصیت
محمد بن سعد كاتب الواقدي
كاتب الواقدي وصاحب الطبقات، أشخصه المأمون سنة ثمان عشرة ضمن السبعة الأوائل للمحنة بخلق القرآن فأجاب ورد من الرقة إلى بغداد. - شخصیت
محمد بن شهاب الزهري
The scholar who read out Sulayman's sealed succession at Marj Dabiq — 'do you accept whom the Commander named in his will?' — naming 'Umar then Yazid. - شخصیت
محمد بن سنان العجلي
Muhammad ibn Sinan al-Ujli of Banu Ujul's Kufan clients; one of the eighty al-Hajjaj posted to the Daylam ribat, then settled a Dastaba village and built a house in Qazwin's suburb — the frontier folk rebuked him, he built on with his household outside the walls, others followed, and the rabad was completed. - شخصیت
محمد بن سليمان العباسي
Muhammad ibn Sulayman ibn Ali al-Abbasi; in his Basra governorship al-Mahdi bought into the mosque the houses of Nafi' ibn al-Harith, Umm Jamil al-Hilaliyya and Amr ibn Wahb al-Thaqafi. - شخصیت
محمد بن سليمان الكاتب
Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib, from Diyar Mudar of al-Raqqa; Ahmad ibn Tulun's own protege in Egypt until estranged, he fled to Baghdad becoming army secretary and one of al-Muqtafi's greatest commanders, urging the caliphs to retake Egypt — when Tulunid power failed and the Qarmatians ravaged Syria, al-Muqtafi sent him with the armies: he crushed the Qarmatians, captured their Shama chief, took Syria, entered Egypt breaking Harun ibn Khumarawayh, chained the Banu Tulun (seventeen men) and shipped them to Baghdad, and burned Ibn Tulun's al-Qata'i' mile by mile while Fustat was plundered — the man who turned over the Tulunid state in 292 AH. - شخصیت
محمد بن طلحة السجاد
Talha's son 'the Worshipful' — killed beside his father at the Camel, Ali pausing to say 'his filial piety killed him'; his kunya disputed between al-Waqidi and al-Haytham ibn 'Adi. - شخصیت
محمد بن طغج الإخشيد
Son of Tughj, lord of Egypt titled al-Ikhshid; he came to al-Muttaqi at Raqqa as the truce with Tuzun ripened — 'beware their treachery, come with me to Egypt, it is yours and you will be safe' — but the caliph refused. - شخصیت
محمد بن تومرت المهدي
Muhammad ibn Tumart of Hargha, the Mahdi of the Almohads; after travels to the Mashriq — where he was said to have met al-Ghazali — he returned denouncing the Maghrebi jurists, wrote the Murshida on tawhid, held the imamate infallible, was driven from Bougie, rebuked Ali b. Yusuf in Marrakesh and was proclaimed Mahdi in 515, teaching the creed in Berber from his Ikilliz ribat. - شخصیت
محمد بن عمر التونسي
1790 عیسوی · 1204 ھA Tunisian traveller and scholar whose family was spread between Egypt and the Maghrib. - شخصیت
محمد بن أم شيبان الهاشمي القاضي
Abu'l-Hasan the Hashimite; al-Muti' invested him with the judgeship in 363 after refusals, on his own conditions — no stipend on the qada, no investiture robe, no intercession against the shari'a — with a long deed appointing him qadi al-qudat over every province the da'wa reached. - شخصیت
محمد بن ياقوت
Baghdad commander sent against Mu'nis in 320 whose men deserted; he talked the despairing caliph out of flight to Wasit and into meeting the enemy. - شخصیت
محمد بن يزيد بن مسلمة بن عبد الملك
The Umayyad prince of Hisn Muslama, sole Arab said to have described the ten race-course ranks in verse. - شخصیت
محمد بن يوسف العلوي
The Alid who ruled Mecca after his brother until Abu l-Saj al-Ashrusi drove him out. - شخصیت
محمد بن زياد الأعرابي
A linguist; asked about 'Banat Tariq' in Hind bint Utba's verse he found no such ancestor — al-Ma'mun explained she meant the star Tariq, claimed for her beauty, then gave him the ambergris he was rolling in his hand, worth five thousand dirhams. - شخصیت
خوارزم شاه علاء الدين محمد
The Khwarazmshah who ruled Khurasan and Transoxiana, cut the Abbasid khutba and marched on Baghdad till twenty days of snow turned him; in 592 he crossed the Jayhun demanding the old Seljuk terms — the caliph razed the dar al-saltana and gave no answer. - شخصیت
السلطان محمد بن ملكشاه
The Saljuq sultan Ghiyath al-Din Abu Shuja' Muhammad Tapar — a famous brave champion who won the crown from his brother Barkiyaruq after long wars; he died at Isfahan in Dhu l-Hijja 511, buried in a great Hanafi madrasa, leaving four sons who became sultans; the Alamut siege was lifted at the news. - شخصیت
محمد توفيق البكري
1870 عیسوی · 1287 ھAn Egyptian scholar and writer from the Bakri al-Siddiqi family, who compiled a dictionary of printed works. - شخصیت
السلطان محمد الخامس النصري
Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Nasr, sultan of Granada; installed after his father Abu al-Hajjaj's death, then held under ward by his mawla Ridwan who ruled over him until he was deposed — he fled to the Marinid court at Fez where he recited his famous plea-poem, and regained his kingdom in 763 AH, becoming master of the Alhambra and the greatest of the Banu al-Ahmar kings in building and dominion. - شخصیت
السلطان محمد رشاد (الخامس)
Mehmed V Reshad — sultan and caliph after Abdülhamid's deposition but a figurehead as real power passed to the Committee of Union and Progress, whose Turkification policies kindled the countervailing Arab nationalist movement. - شخصیت
السلطان وحيد الدين (محمد السادس)
Mehmed VI Vahdeddin — the last Ottoman sultan, in occupied Istanbul issuing the death warrant on Mustafa Kemal while the national resistance grew. - شخصیت
محب الدين الخطيب
1886 عیسوی · 1303 ھAn encyclopaedic writer, journalist, historian, political activist and social theorist. - شخصیت
محرز المدلجي
The tracker of Mudlij whose reading the Prophet confirmed — cited by the jurists who upheld qiyafa as evidence. - شخصیت
أحمد بن بويه معز الدولة
The Daylamite Ahmad ibn Buya; he entered Baghdad, was invested as Mu'izz al-Dawla — Imad and Rukn al-Dawla his brothers, all three titles on the coinage — the first Daylamite to hold Iraq. He sequestered the caliph at five thousand dirhams a day, patronised wrestlers and swimmers till men swam cooking meat in pots on their arms, then dragged al-Mustakfi from his throne, blinded him and set up al-Muti'. - شخصیت
معز الدين ابن حديد
Al-Nasir's vizier, remembered for 'good conduct in the vizierate' — confined to his house, he died Jumada I 610 and his coffin was carried to Ali's mashhad at Kufa. - شخصیت
مجاهد الدين قايماز
Mujahid al-Din Qaymaz — the governing hand of Nur al-Din's house: appointed to Mosul's citadel in Dhu al-Hijja 571, given Irbil in 559, and died at the Mosul citadel in Rabi' I 595. - شخصیت
مجالد بن مسعود السلمي
Mujalid ibn Mas'ud al-Sulami, Mujashi's brother; with him he taunted al-Aswad ibn Sari' over laying out and judging in Basra's mosque. - شخصیت
مجمع بن جارية
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: son of Jariya ibn Amir. - شخصیت
مجاشع بن وردان بن علقمة
The third accomplice posted at the mosque's door — Qatam bound their heads with silk from her i'tikaf lodge; he alone escaped when the blow fell. - شخصیت
مجير الدين العليمي
Qadi Mujir al-Din al-Ulaymi al-Hanbali, d. AH 927 — author of al-Uns al-Jalil, the classic history of Jerusalem and Hebron, begun in Dhu al-Hijja 900 and finished in four months. - شخصیت
مجير الدين طاشتكين
The Iraqi Hajj's amir — insisting the Syrian caravan could not depart Arafat before his, he rode out with his men and the Iraqi rabble; the assault on the Syrian pilgrims left their amir Ibn al-Muqaddam dead of wounds at Mina, though Tashtakin had taken him into his own tent to treat him and mend what had passed. - شخصیت
مجاعة بن سعر التميمي
Mujja'a ibn Si'r al-Tamimi; al-Hajjaj's frontier man after the Allafis — raided and opened parts of Qandabil, completed by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim; died in Makran within the year. - شخصیت
مكثر بن عيسى أمير مكة
Amir of Mecca — deposed by the caliph's order for building a castle on Abu Qubays; besieged in it by the Hajj host in Dhu al-Hijja 571, he abandoned it and left Mecca to his brother Dawud. - شخصیت
مخلد بن يزيد
Mukhallad ibn Yazid ibn al-Muhallab; his father left him over Khurasan when he marched on Jurjan and again when he returned to Sulayman. - شخصیت
مخشن بن حمير
Of Ashja', an ally of Banu Salama; he was in the party that mocked the Tabuk army then made their excuses. Ibn Ishaq records that he took the name Abd al-Rahman and asked God to let him die a martyr whose place is unknown — he was killed on the day of al-Yamama and no trace of him was found. - شخصیت
مخيريق
A Jewish scholar said to be from Banu al-Nadir, or Banu Qaynuqa according to others; in al-Waqidi's account he embraced Islam and was killed at Uhud; he left his wealth, seven orchards in Medina, to the Prophet, who made them a charitable endowment; Umar ibn Shabba reports from Ibn Shihab that the Prophet called him the foremost of the Jews. - شخصیت
مكرم بن الفرز
Mukram ibn al-Farz of Banu Jamwana; al-Hajjaj's man sent after the rebel Kharrzad ibn Bas at Ayadhaj — who slipped his long siege by night for Abd al-Malik, was caught with two dirhams in his cap and beheaded by al-Hajjaj. To this Mukram some trace the name Askar Mukram. - شخصیت
مكرم بن مطرف
Mukram ibn Mutarrif al-Bahili; sent by Mus'ab after his father's killer, he camped where Askar Mukram stands and found him not. - شخصیت
ملبد بن حرملة الشيباني
Mulabbid ibn Harmala — the Jaziran Khariji who routed governor after governor until Khazim ibn Khuzayma's archers brought him down, 138 AH. - شخصیت
ملا حسن البزاز
1845 عیسوی · 1261 ھOne of the best-known poets of Mosul, who studied with several of its scholars. - شخصیت
منى حيدر
1988 عیسوی · 1408 ھ†The Syrian-American poet-rapper of 'Hijabi' (2017) — a prominent Muslim feminist voice in American music. - شخصیت
المنذر بن الجارود العبدي
Al-Mundhir ibn al-Jarud al-Abdi; he spoke to Mu'awiya about digging the Tharr canal, so the letter went to Ziyad and the Ma'qil canal was dug, as they tell it. - شخصیت
منذر بن سعيد البلوطي
Mundhir ibn Sa'id al-Balluti, Cordoba's qadi and khatib under al-Nasir: when the courtiers were told to address Constantine's envoys and froze, Mundhir rose unprepared, preached and improvised a long ode — winning the day and the judgeship. - شخصیت
منير البعلبكي
1918 عیسوی · 1337 ھFrom a prominent Beirut family, and one of the best-known Arabic lexicographers of the twentieth century. - شخصیت
منيرة
mawla of Muhammad ibn Ali; in al-Baladhuri granted a holding — Darb Munira and Khan Munira on the east side are named for her. - شخصیت
المنذر البلوطي
886 عیسوی · 273 ھQadi al-jama'a of Cordoba under al-Nasir; when the caliph's mania for building al-Zahra' kept him from three consecutive Fridays at the mosque, Mundhir opened his sermon with 'Do ye build a sign on every height?' until the caliph wept — then, refusing to dismiss him, swore he would be ashamed before God to lose so pious an intercessor at Friday prayer. - شخصیت
مراد الأول
Sultan Murad I (r. 1360–1389 CE) — took Adrianople in 1360, moved the Ottoman capital across into Europe in 1366, and was killed at the Battle of Kosovo. - شخصیت
مراد الثاني
Murad II (r. from 824 AH/1421 CE) — crushed his uncle Mustafa's Byzantine-backed revolt, stormed Thessaloniki in 1431, and fathered Mehmed the Conqueror. - شخصیت
مراد الثالث
Murad III (r. 982–1003/1574–1595) — trilingual poet-sultan; saw Poland placed under Ottoman protection, Tiflis and Tabriz taken from the Safavids, and offered the Sa'dids 300 galleys to recover al-Andalus. Sokollu's assassination in his reign opened the era of palace-made grand viziers. Buried in Hagia Sophia's courtyard. - شخصیت
مراد الخامس
1840 عیسوی · 25 رجب 1256 ھMurad V (r. 1293/1876) — sultan for ninety-three days: cultured, Francophile and constitutionalist, he broke down under the shock of his uncle's midnight deposition and was himself deposed by a shaykh al-Islam fatwa on incurable madness — the text of which the source quotes — then recovered and lived out his days in Çırağan palace. - شخصیت
مرارة بن الربيع العمري
One of the three who were left behind after Tabuk; of Banu Amr ibn Awf. He kept to his house during the boycott, and Ka'b relates that he spoke as Ka'b had spoken. - شخصیت
مرة بن علي الرديني
Murra ibn Ali al-Rudhayni al-Ijli; in al-Baladhuri set over Sisar in al-Rashid's last days — Uthman al-Awdi could not wrest it while Murra took most of Adharbayjan from him — paying its kharaj on muqata'a under al-Amin until the fitna. - شخصیت
مرة مولى أبي بكر
Murra, mawla of Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr — a freedman of standing; he asked Aisha to write Ziyad and open her address with 'Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan' — she did, and Ziyad, delighted at the kinship-title, honoured Murra, displayed the letter's superscription to the people, granted him a hundred jarib on the Ubulla canal and bade him dig its canal, which bears his name. His son Uthman was among Basra's notables; the qati'a left his descendants for the Al al-Saffaq ibn Hujr ibn Yujayr al-Iqawi of Azd. - شخصیت
مرة الهمذاني
Murrah al-Hamadhani; he relates Ali's offer — whoever hates fighting Mu'awiya with us, take his stipend and go fight Daylam — and 'I was in the picked troop; we took our stipends and went out to Daylam four or five thousand'. - شخصیت
مصعب الخشني
1139 عیسوی · 535 ھA scholar of the Maghrib who studied with Abd al-Haqq al-Ishbili in Bejaia. - شخصیت
موسى
The prophet of Banu Israel: the fleeing-stone vindication, the al-Khidr journey at length, and his Isra meetings with the Prophet. - شخصیت
موسى بن عبد الله
The Fakhkh survivor whose ordeal-oath against his traducer was answered within three days — leprosy, blackening, a grave that twice swallowed the corpse. - شخصیت
موسى بن عبد الله بن خازم
Musa ibn Abdallah ibn Khazim al-Sulami; sheltered with his men by Tirmidh's king after his father's death, he cast the king out and held it in rebellion — on his death it passed to the governors, broke again, and Qutayba ibn Muslim retook it. - شخصیت
موسى بن أبي العافية
Musa ibn Abi al-Afiya al-Miknasi, the greatest king of his branch; first an Idrisid client holding Tahert and the Middle Maghreb, then he proclaimed Ubaydallah al-Mahdi's da'wa, expelled Yahya ibn Idris from Fez and ruled the Maghreb for Qayrawan, beat the Idrisid al-Hajjam at Wadi al-Matahin between Taza and Fez — until the eunuch Maysur marched in 323 and exiled him to the Malwiyya desert; he returned, besieged Nekour, and remained chief of Miknasa as a Zirid client until the Almoravids destroyed his house. - شخصیت
موسى بن أبي الجارود
- شخصیت
موسى بن الحارث بن خالد
Son of al-Harith ibn Khalid and Rayta bint al-Harith, born in the land of Abyssinia; he died on the road. - شخصیت
موسى بن بغا
al-Mu'tazz's Jibal agent; in al-Baladhuri, sent against Qumm amid the Tabaristan Talibi war — took it by storm, killing many. - شخصیت
موسى بن إسحاق الأنصاري
An Ansari judge. Al-Mas'udi reports that he died in al-Muqtadir's reign in 297 AH, was buried on the east bank, and was among the scholars of hadith and senior transmitters. - شخصیت
موسى بن جعفر
The imprisoned Musa al-Kazim freed by al-Rashid's nightmare — the Abyssinian with the spear at his bed. - شخصیت
موسى بن كعب
Musa ibn Ka'b; in al-Baladhuri: he was governor of the Jazira at Harran when Constantine the tyrant besieged Malatya's people in year 133 — the Jazira then in turmoil — and the messenger Malatya's people sent him could not secure them relief. - شخصیت
موسى بن كعب التميمي
Musa ibn Ka'b al-Tamimi; Abu Muslim's appointee who routed Mansur ibn Jawhur to his sand-death, then governed Sind — al-Mansura repaired, mosque enlarged, conquests won. - شخصیت
أبو عمران موسى بن محمد بن سعيد
Ibn Sa'id's father Abu Imran Musa, the celebrated secretary-historian who for sixty-six years never let a day — not even a feast day — pass without reading or writing. - شخصیت
موسى بن رحو المريني
Musa ibn Rahhu ibn Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Haqq al-Marini; he joined the Ghumara hills in the princes' revolt against Sultan Abu Yusuf, then crossed to al-Andalus in 670 AH where Ibn al-Ahmar appointed him over all the ghazi-mujahidin there as their elder and spokesman — thus founding the Banu Rahhu leadership over the Andalus ghazis, inherited by his brother Abd al-Haqq then his son Hammu. - شخصیت
موسى بن طلحة
Narrator of Talha ibn Ubayd Allah's house; in al-Baladhuri he reports Uthman as Iraq's first grantor of qata'i' and that Ibn Mas'ud and Sa'd let their lands at a third and a quarter share. - شخصیت
موسى بن عقبة
Musa ibn Uqba — Medinan second-tier maghazi author (d. 141), whose Kitab al-Maghazi won lasting fame in the later tradition. - شخصیت
موسى بن يحيى البرمكي
Musa ibn Yahya ibn Khalid ibn Barmak; Ghassan's successor on the thaghr — he slew Bala king of al-Sharqi past his five-hundred-thousand ransom, ruled well, and died in 215h. - شخصیت
مصعب بن الزبير
Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr; his brother Abdallah's amir over Iraq, who struck a few dirhams, later broken. - شخصیت
مصعب بن عمير
تقریباً 585 عیسویA refined young Qurayshi of wealth who embraced Islam early and was sent to Medina before the Hijra as the community's first emissary and teacher; killed bearing the standard at Uhud. - شخصیت
مسدد بن مسرهد
- شخصیت
مسافر القصّاب
Musafir al-Qassab, one al-Dahhak al-Khariji had empowered at al-Bab, who gave him Armenia and Adharbayjan; he came to Ardabil in disguise, a body of Sharat went out with him, crowds rallied till he camped at Yunan, and he held Qal'at al-Kilab in Sisajan against Ishaq ibn Muslim; when the Abbasid Dawla came, Abu Ja'far al-Mansur — then governing Jazira and Armenia under al-Saffah — sent a Khurasani commander who fought him till he overcame and killed him. - شخصیت
مسلمة بن أسلم بن حريش
The Badri counsellor Umar paired with Abu 'Ubayda — who warned that cutting the Euphrates bridge behind them would leave the Muslims no refuge. - شخصیت
مساور الشراري
Musawir al-Shari, a Kharijite leader who rose at Mosul and defeated its people under the governor Uqba ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, seized the city and drew many followers until he was killed fighting the troops in 263 AH, per Ibn Khaldun's account. - شخصیت
مساور
A rebel; Musa ibn Bugha and Bayakbak's expedition against him at al-Sin became the occasion for al-Muhtadi's letter to surface — and his killing. - شخصیت
مسيلمة
تقریباً 580 عیسویChief and religious claimant of Banu Hanifa in Yamama who preached a parallel prophecy to Muhammad's and exchanged letters with him — killed at Yamama in the bloodiest battle of the Ridda wars. - شخصیت
موشائيل الأرمني
Mushay'il the Armenian; chief of Armenia's people when they rose in al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba al-Ta'i's governorship — after the removal of Ibn Asid and Bakkar ibn Muslim al-Uqayli — whereupon al-Mansur sent reinforcements under Amir ibn Isma'il, and al-Hasan met Mushay'il, who was killed, his hosts scattered. - شخصیت
مسلم بن أبي بكرة
Muslim ibn Abi Bakra; owner of Basra's third bathhouse at Bilalabadh yielding a thousand dirhams and much food daily — his father telling him 'you do no deed yet lack no profit' — whose deathbed trust his brother Abd al-Rahman broke by opening the bathhouse permissions. - شخصیت
مسلم بن قريش شرف الدولة
- شخصیت
مسلم بن سعيد
Muslim ibn Sa'id; Umar ibn Hubayra's governor, truced by al-Afshin on six thousand heads and his fortress — then, fearing dismissal when Asad was named, he ravaged Farghana and fled the Khaqan three marches in a day. - شخصیت
مسلم بن عقبة المري المسرف
Yazid's commander who 'shocked' Medina — its people forced to swear as slaves, the Prophet's 'Tayba' renamed 'stinking' — yet trembled before the praying 'Ali ibn al-Husayn and exempted him; he died at Qadid on the Mecca road in 64. - شخصیت
مسلم بن يسار
- شخصیت
مسلم صاحب المصحف
Ali's envoy bearing the codex to the Camel camp, shot dead mid-call — his mother's lament preserved: 'a Muslim came to them reciting God's book, fearing them not'. - شخصیت
مصقلة بن عتبان الشيباني
The Kharijite strongman-poet whose defiance rostered Shayban's champions — Shabib the 'Commander of the Faithful' and vow-keeping Ghazala, 'no peace while a Thaqafi mounts our minbars'. - شخصیت
مصطفى البكري
1688 عیسوی · 1099 ھA Sufi scholar of Damascus, a member of the Khalwati order and one of the scholars of the Bakri al-Siddiqi family. - شخصیت
مصطفى حلمي
1904 عیسوی · 1322 ھOne of the pioneers of philosophical studies in Egypt and the Arab world. - شخصیت
مصطفى الثاني
تقریباً 1664 عیسوی · 1074 ھMustafa II (r. 1106–1115/1694–1703) — the sultan of Karlowitz: Hungary and Transylvania lost, the tributary powers stopped paying, and the Ottoman retreat from Europe began. Deposed by the Janissaries, dead within four months at 39. - شخصیت
مصطفى الثالث
Mustafa III (r. 1171–1187/1757–1773) — a mujahid sultan who beat the Russians several times yet foresaw the decline and wrote it in verse; the 1768–1774 war that ended at Küçük Kaynarca broke him — he fell ill with grief and died at 57. - شخصیت
مصطفى كمال أتاتورك
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk — Ottoman officer turned leader of the Turkish resistance who drove the Greeks from Anatolia and was hailed as Ghazi, then abolished the caliphate on 3 March 1924 and led Turkey's secular turn. - شخصیت
مصطفى كامل
1874 عیسوی · 1291 ھ†Mustafa Kamil (1874–1908 CE) — founder of Egypt's National Party and its daily al-Liwa' (1899), who spent his short life resisting the British occupation. - شخصیت
مؤتمن الخلافة
The eunuch who ruled al-Adid's palace — his letters inviting the Franks into Egypt were found sewn into a messenger's new sandals at al-Bir al-Bayda'; kept close to the palace in fear, then killed at his village of al-Kharqaniyya on Saladin's order, Dhu al-Qa'da 564 — the killing that triggered the Sudanese uprising. - شخصیت
مطرف الجرجاني
Asfar's vizier who devised the universal one-dinar poll tax that yielded millions. - شخصیت
مطرف بن عبد الله
His letter to the caliph — 'this world is a house of punishment; be in it like one tending his wound, bearing the bitter medicine for fear of the disease's end'. - شخصیت
مطرف بن المغيرة بن شعبة
Al-Mughira's son whose report of Mu'awiya's 'his brother of Hashim is cried out five times a day' was blamed for al-Ma'mun's proclamation. - شخصیت
مطرف بن سيدان الباهلي
Mutarrif ibn Saydan al-Bahili of Banu Jana'a; Mus'ab's Basra police chief — he executed the highwayman al-Nabi ibn Ziyad ibn Zubyan, whose brother Ubaydallah avenged him in single stab, then joined Abd al-Malik and took Mus'ab's head. - شخصیت
المتوكل أحمد بن الحسين الموطىء
Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Rassi, a Zaydi imam who rose against the Rasulids, called al-Mu'ti; proclaimed in 645 AH — a faqih, man of letters, master of the Zaydi madhhab and devoted worshipper — al-Mansur Umar campaigned against him and besieged Hisn Mala, and in Muzaffar Yusuf's days he held twenty Zaydi fortresses and took Safad from the Sulaymanids, who submitted to him; the Banu al-Rassi kept calling him imam. - شخصیت
مطيع بن إياس
Muti' ibn Iyas — Persian-mawla poet among the famed accused zindiqs, sympathetic to Manichaean and Daysanite doctrines. - شخصیت
المطعم بن عدي
تقریباً 555 عیسویA chief of Banu Nawfal who never became a Muslim — yet tore up the boycott document against Banu Hashim and sheltered the Prophet under his protection when Mecca would not take him back from Ta'if. - شخصیت
مظفر الدين كوكبوري
Muzaffar al-Din Kökburi — al-Imad al-Katib watched him skip his brother's mourning to seize the amirs' tents and bargain Irbil out of Saladin in exchange for Harran and Edessa, with Shahrazur's revenues added; thereafter 'a bone in the Atabegid house's throat'. - شخصیت
الملك المظفر شمس الدين يوسف بن عمر
Al-Malik al-Muzaffar Shams al-Din Yusuf ibn Umar, third Rasulid king of Yemen; taking power after his father's killing in 648 AH, he was just and beneficent, assessed upon himself the atawa tribute to Egypt's Turkish kings and kept buying their goodwill, spent his first reign besieging the Damluwa fortress and fighting the Zaydi claimant Ahmad al-Mu'ti who took twenty Zaydi fortresses and Safad — and remained wali of Yemen until he died suddenly in 694 in the forty-sixth year of his rule. - شخصیت
مزنة امرأة مروان بن محمد
The last Umayyad caliph's widow who came to al-Khayzuran in borrowed rags — lodged among the Hashimi women for three reigns after al-Mahdi's tears. - شخصیت
نابت بن إسماعيل
In al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account the eldest of Ismail's sons by the daughter of Mudad al-Jurhumi; ancestor of the Nabataeans of northern Hijaz with Petra as their capital; said to have held Mecca after his father with his brother Qaydar, in disputed order; Sulayman al-Nadwi argued that the Ghassanids and the Ansar descend from him rather than from Qahtan. - شخصیت
نبتل بن الحارث
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: of Banu Dubay'a. - شخصیت
النضر بن شميل
The Mazini linguist; he corrected the caliph's slip sadad for sidad — 'al-Ma'mun: God disfigure the ill-mannered' — and was granted fifty thousand dirhams, then thirty more by al-Fadl ibn Sahl for tactfully blaming the transmitter Hashim: eighty thousand in all. He died in al-Ma'mun's days. - شخصیت
نافع بن عبد الملك
'Amir ibn Isma'il's cousin — credited in a variant report with Marwan's killing at Busir. - شخصیت
نافع بن الأزرق
- شخصیت
نافع بن الحارث الثقفي
Nafi' ibn al-Harith al-Thaqafi; he carried Utba's letter telling Umar al-Ubulla was the port of Bahrain, Uman, India and China — he had come with Utba, he and Abu Bakra, when Umar appointed him. He is Nafi' ibn al-Harith ibn Kallada, the Arabs' physician Abu Abdallah, first to breed horses at Basra — Umar's Safar-17 letter, written by Mu'ayqib ibn Abi Fatima, granted him Tigris-bank land that was neither kharaj-land nor fed by jizya-land's water; his was Basra's first built house, on the mosque's northern side, whose sons' refusal to sell led Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad to demolish the part the mosque's squaring needed. - شخصیت
نفيسة بنت منية
Khadija's confidante to whom she disclosed her wish to marry Muhammad; Nafisa broached the matter with him, he consented, and the match proceeded through their uncles. - شخصیت
نفطويه النحوي
the grammarian, author of a two-volume caliph history ending in al-Qahir's days. - شخصیت
نعيب بن زياد الواسطي
Na'ib ibn Ziyad al-Wasiti; he ran al-Shu'aybiyya for Ali ibn al-Rashid — a son's Tigris house at Wasit bears his name. - شخصیت
نائلة بنت قريص بن وكيع
al-Ashdaq's wife — her omen-warning at the doorstep ('I adjure you, do not go') answered by 'even asleep you would not wake me'. - شخصیت
نجيب الحداد
1867 عیسوی · 1284 ھ†Najib al-Haddad (1867–1899 CE) — the Beiruti journalist who spent a decade at Cairo's al-Ahram translating French novels, among them a Salah al-Din romance. - شخصیت
نجيب بلدي
1907 عیسوی · 1324 ھOne of the first cohort at the Egyptian University and a pioneer of contemporary Arab philosophical thought. - شخصیت
نجم الدين أيوب
Saladin's father; the historians agree his family were Rawadiyya Kurds of Hadhbani from Dvin on Azerbaijan's edge, whence his father Shadhi took him and his brother Shirkuh to Baghdad and then Tikrit, where Shadhi died. - شخصیت
نشوان الحميري
A Yemeni scholar of Dhu Marath, descended from a king of Yemen, and a writer on language in his time. - شخصیت
الأمير نسيب أرسلان
1867 عیسوی · 1284 ھ†Amir Nasib Arslan (1867–1927 CE) — the Beiruti poet-journalist of al-Mufid who broke with the Unionists for the decentralist Arab cause; brother of Shakib Arslan. - شخصیت
الحسن بن عبد الله بن حمدان ناصر الدولة
The Hamdanid titled Nasir al-Dawla by the caliph when Ibn Ra'iq was assassinated at Takrit in 330; he fought Tuzun with Arab and Kurdish hosts and was driven with al-Muttaqi from Ukbara to Mosul then Nisibis. - شخصیت
نصير الدين الطوسي
Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi, d. AH 672 — the philosopher-scientist who composed his Persian Akhlaq-i Nasiri in Quhistan for its amir. - شخصیت
نصير الدين بن مهدي العلوي
Vizier of the caliph al-Nasir li-Din Allah — died 617; the caliph prayed over him at the Palace Mosque with the state's notables attending, and he was buried at the Mashhad. - شخصیت
نصر الحاجب
Al-Muqtadir's chamberlain; he inclined to al-Hallaj and warded off the vizier Hamid until the caliph surrendered him; afterwards charged with the Mosul war effort in 309. - شخصیت
نصر بن أحمد الساماني
The Samanid amir of Transoxiana, succeeded at his death in 289 by his brother Isma'il. - شخصیت
نسطورا الراهب
The monk who from his cell saw the cloud shade the Prophet on Khadija's Syria venture with Maysara and declared 'this is a prophet — the last of prophets'. - شخصیت
نوبخت المنجم
Nawbakht the Magian, al-Mansur's astrologer who converted to Islam at his hands and fathered the Nawbakhti house; al-Mas'udi counts al-Mansur the first caliph to court astrologers. - شخصیت
نوفل بن معاوية الديلي
Chief of Banu al-Dil of Banu Bakr in the truce years; he led the night attack on Khuza'a at al-Watir seeking blood-revenge and refused to halt at the sanctuary's bounds — the breach that precipitated the conquest of Mecca. - شخصیت
نايل بن ذي الحرة الحميري
Na'il ibn Dhi al-Hurra al-Himyari — the manuscript reads 'Bab'; on Rubay'i ibn al-Kas's vanguard to Sijistan, also named Abd al-Rahman — of Sijistan's captives; Fayruz Husayn traced his line to Ibn Abi al-Hurr. - شخصیت
نازوك صاحب الشرطة
Chief of police of Baghdad under al-Muqtadir; he fetched the hidden al-Muhsin ibn al-Furat and joined Mu'nis and Harun ibn Gharib in urging the father and son's killing in 312. - شخصیت
النجاشي
تقریباً 580 عیسویThe Christian king of Aksum who gave the first Muslim exiles refuge and heard Ja'far's recitation — remembered in the tradition as a just ruler who, in some reports, himself became a Muslim. - شخصیت
نيزك
Nizak, lord of Badghis or the Juzjan; he campaigned with Qutayba at Baykand in 87h — then Qutayba killed and crucified him in Tukharistan. - شخصیت
نيزك طرخان
lord of the Turks; in al-Baladhuri, who hosted Yazdgard a month, then asked his daughter — answered 'you are but my slave' — and joined Mahuwayh to kill him at al-Janabidh. - شخصیت
نظام الدين البقش
Al-Baqish, Ilghazi's mamluk and the virtuous regent of Mardin — pious, just, he raised the child Yuluq Arslan and married his mother, yet never let the grown prince rule; his own mamluk Lu'lu' drove him, and when he set Yuluq's infant brother Taj al-Din as a name-only king, the young Qutb al-Din ended the regency in 601 with a dagger — both heads thrown to the troops. - شخصیت
نظام الملك وزير ألب أرسلان
Alp Arslan's vizier; he ended his predecessor Amid al-Mulk's Ash'ari-cursing, championed the Shafi'is, honoured Imam al-Haramayn and al-Qushayri, and built the Nizamiyya — 'said to be the first school built for the jurists'. In 485 a youth in sufi guise handed him a petition and knifed him on the eve of 10 Ramadan — it was said Malikshah had suborned it; for twenty years he had run the whole realm, leaving the sultan 'only the throne and the hunt', and al-Muqtadi had him sit before him saying 'God is pleased with you as the Commander of the Faithful is pleased with you'. - شخصیت
نظام الملك مسعود بن علي
Mas'ud ibn Ali, vizier of the Khwarazmshah Ala al-Din Takish — assassinated by the Ismailis in Jumada II 593; Takish sent his son Qutb al-Din against their castles and Turshish bought its peace for a hundred thousand dinars. - شخصیت
نزار بن معد
Son of Ma'add and father of the Adnanite tribes — Iyad, Anmar, Rabi'a and Mudar — whose allegorical death-bed division sent the brothers to al-Af'a al-Jurhumi of Najran. - شخصیت
نعيم بن عبد كلال
One of the kings of Himyar who wrote to the Prophet announcing their Islam on his return from Tabuk, and to whom the Prophet addressed his letter. - شخصیت
نعيم بن عبد الله (النحّام)
A Qurashi of Banu Adi nicknamed al-Nahham because the Prophet said he entered Paradise and heard a nahma (cough) from Nu'aym; al-Bukhari says he had companionship, and Mus'ab al-Zubayri says his conversion was before Umar's but he did not emigrate until shortly before the conquest of Mecca because he supported the widows and orphans of Banu Adi. - شخصیت
نعيم بن مسعود
A shrewd chieftain of Banu Ashja' of Ghatafan who converted to Islam secretly during the siege of the Trench; instructed by the Prophet that 'war is deceit', he successfully sowed mutual distrust between the confederate leaders (Quraysh and Ghatafan) and Banu Qurayza, precipitating the collapse of the siege. - شخصیت
نعيم بن يزيد التميمي
One of the men of the Banu Tamim delegation to the Prophet in 9 AH, named by Ibn Ishaq without further detail; the delegation embraced Islam after the contest. - شخصیت
نفيع أبو بكرة
Nufay' Abu Bakra; one of 'the two Nafi's' named in Abu al-Mukhtar's satire, with his brother Nafi' ibn al-Harith ibn Kallada. - شخصیت
نوح
The first messenger to the people of the earth in Bukhari's long intercession hadith — the first prophet mankind visits on the Day of Judgment. - شخصیت
نوح بن أسد
Nuh ibn Asad; last conqueror of the breached Kasan and Urusht of Farghana, under al-Mansur — some say al-Muntasir. - شخصیت
نور الدين محمود بن زنكي
Lord of Aleppo then Syria; he relieved Damascus from the Frankish siege in 543 with his brother Ghazi and kept retaking what they held — never slackening in jihad. He took Damascus in Safar 549, and al-Muqtafi deeded him Egypt as 'al-Malik al-Adil. - شخصیت
نسيبة بنت كعب
تقریباً 590 عیسویAn Ansari woman of Medina who pledged at Aqaba and fought at Uhud shielding the Prophet with sword and shield — the tradition's most famous woman warrior of the first generation. - شخصیت
النوشجان بن جسنسما
Al-Nushajan ibn Jasnasima — Tabari reads Anushajan; lord of the Nahr al-Mar'a palace who treated its surrender to Shurayh ibn Amir, the palace's lady being his cousin Kamandar bint Narsi. - شخصیت
نصرت فتح علي خان
1948 عیسوی · 1367 ھ†The greatest qawwali singer of the 20th century, who carried Sufi devotional song to world stages. - شخصیت
أوكداي بن جنكزخان
Ogedei ibn Genghis Khan; his father made him heir and he sat on the throne as Great Khan, removing to Genghis's old homeland between Khita and the Uyghur lands where Qaraqorum held his seat at the centre of the circle of his sons' dominions — he dispatched armies to the land of Rum with a Mongol amir who took it from the Qilij Arslanids, and Monke ibn Tolui succeeded him. - شخصیت
بيري رئيس أحمد بن محيي الدين
A navigation scholar and admiral of the Egyptian and Ottoman fleets, and a pioneer of nautical cartography. - شخصیت
بيروز دهقان الأهواز
Piruz, dahqan of Suq al-Ahwaz; he fought al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba, truced on money, broke, and Abu Musa took the town by force in 17h. - شخصیت
فرفوريس الحكيم
The philosopher Porphyry, author of the Isagoge — the gateway to logic, a book known by his name; al-Mas'udi places his tomb in the fire-vent (atma) of Sicily. - شخصیت
ملك الهند صاحب أجمير (برتفي راج)
The king of Hind at Ajmer — identified in modern histories as Prithviraj Chauhan — who had routed Shihab al-Din in 583 and fell into his trap in 588: taken standing on his elephant at dawn, he answered the famous question ('had you taken me?') with 'I had a golden fetter for you', heard 'we give you no rank worth a fetter', and was killed as Ajmer passed to Aybak. - شخصیت
قبيحة أم المعتز
Al-Mu'tazz's Byzantine umm-walad; she refused him money to buy the Turks and 'barked her soul', so they deposed him. Hiding then surfacing in Ramadan, she gave Salih ibn Wasif 1.3 million dinars and baskets of emeralds, pearls and rubies valued at two million — 'she exposed her son to death over fifty thousand, holding this?' He took it all and exiled her to Mecca until al-Mu'tamid's reign; she died 264. - شخصیت
قبيصة بن ذؤيب بن عمرو الخزاعي
One of the four Medinan jurists named by Abu al-Zinad, with Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan and Urwa ibn al-Zubayr, as Shirazi reports. - شخصیت
السلطان المنصور سيف الدين قلاوون
Atabeg to the boy Salamish then sultan as al-Mansur from 679; he broke the Tatar host of 680, took Tripoli by the sword in 688, and died Dhu'l-Qa'da 689. - شخصیت
السلطان قانصوه الغوري
Last Circassian Mamluk sultan — Shadharat records his extortion and the abolished-inheritance policy, then Marj Dabiq on 15 Rajab 922 where Khayr Bak's defection broke his army and his body was lost beneath the horses' hooves. - شخصیت
قرظة بن كعب الأنصاري
Qaraza ibn Ka'b al-Ansari, Abu Muslim; the last conqueror of Rayy after its repeated breaches, under Abu Musa's Kufa governorship for Uthman, after whom it stayed quiet — Rayy's governors lodged at Hisn al-Zaynabi gathering at the mosque built in his presence, counted in the muhdatha district; he later governed Kufa for Ali, died there, and Ali prayed over him — at Tustar he led Ammar ibn Yasir's horse. - شخصیت
قارب بن الأسود الثقفي
A leader of the Ahlaf faction of Thaqif who commanded their contingent at the Battle of Hunayn; upon the confederation's collapse, he skillfully extricated his men toward Ta'if, preventing mass casualties among his clan. - شخصیت
قاسم بن أصبغ
Qasim b. Asbagh of Cordoba, who reached Iraq in 276 days after Abu Dawud's death and wrote a sunan on his arrangement, abridged in 324 as al-Mujtana for al-Hakam al-Mustansir — 2,490 musnad hadiths in seven volumes. - شخصیت
القاسم بن سليمان مولى زياد
Al-Qasim ibn Sulayman, Ziyad's mawla; the drained Qasiyya tract he took by a forged letter, claiming Yazid ibn Mu'awiya's grant. - شخصیت
قتادة بن إدريس العلوي أمير مكة
- شخصیت
قطام
A Khariji woman whom Abd al-Rahman ibn Muljim loved and married, giving her as dower three thousand dirhams, a slave, a singing-girl, and the killing of Ali — celebrated in al-Farazdaq's famous verses: 'no dower was dearer than Ali, however high, nor any treachery below Ibn Muljim's'. - شخصیت
قطري بن الفجاءة
Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a; among the ashraf who rode with Ibn Samura to Kabul — later the Kharijite chieftain. - شخصیت
قطن بن قبيصة الهلالي
Qatn ibn Qabisa ibn Mukhariq al-Hilali; al-Hajjaj's governor of Fars and Kirman — at the uncrossable river he offered a thousand dirhams to whoever crossed, paid up, and so the ja'iza was first named; his father Qabisa was a Companion. - شخصیت
قطر الندى بنت خمارويه
Khumarawayh's daughter, married to al-Mu'tadid in 282 with a trousseau of four thousand jewelled girdles and ten jewel chests. - شخصیت
قوام السنة إسماعيل بن محمد
1064 عیسوی · 457 ھFrom Isfahan and descended from Talha ibn Ubayd Allah. He was learned in tafsir, hadith, jurisprudence, the readings, language and literature. - شخصیت
قيدار بن إسماعيل
Ismail's second son in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's list; his descendants remained in Mecca until Adnan and his son Ma'add, from whom the Adnani Arabs kept their genealogy; said to have held Mecca after his father with his brother Nabit, in disputed order. - شخصیت
قيس بن عبد الله الأسدي
A man of Banu Asad ibn Khuzayma; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his wife Baraka bint Yasar. Ibn Ishaq describes him as a foster-nurse of Ubaydullah ibn Jahsh and Umm Habiba. - شخصیت
قيس بن الحارث التميمي
One of the men of the Banu Tamim delegation to the Prophet in 9 AH, named by Ibn Ishaq without further detail; the delegation embraced Islam after the contest. - شخصیت
قيس بن الهيثم السلمي
Qays ibn al-Haytham al-Sulami; made governor of Naysabur at its conquest. - شخصیت
قيس بن الحصين ذو الغصة
A member of the Banu al-Harith ibn Ka'b delegation that came with Khalid ibn al-Walid in 10 AH; the Prophet appointed him over Banu al-Harith, and the editors explain he was called Dhu al-Ghussa because he seemed to choke when he spoke. - شخصیت
قيس بن الخطيم
Qays ibn al-Khatim of the Ansar, the jahili-early Islamic poet of Aws and Khazraj; he traded verse with Hassan ibn Thabit in the Banu Amr ibn Awf war at the day of al-Sarara. - شخصیت
قيس بن المسحّر اليعمري
A Companion and poet of Banu Ya'mar; he killed Mas'ada ibn Hakama al-Fazari in Zayd ibn Haritha's second raid on Fazara and composed verses on it, and on Zayd's order killed Umm Qirfa; he also has verses on Mu'ta excusing what happened and praising Khalid ibn al-Walid. - شخصیت
قيس بن عاصم
A chief of Banu Minqar of Tamim famed for forbearance; he came in the Tamim delegation of 9 AH, belittled the young Amr ibn al-Ahtam before the Prophet and was lampooned for it, accepted Islam, and was later appointed sadaqa collector over part of Banu Sa'd. - شخصیت
قيس بن عاصم السلمي
Qays ibn Asim al-Sulami; he killed Sulayman ibn Marthad in the war for Khurasan's governorship and took his head — a different man from Qays ibn Asim al-Minqari of Tamim. - شخصیت
قيس بن حذافة
Of Banu Sahm; he emigrated to Abyssinia. Ibn Ishaq mentions him without describing his fate. - شخصیت
قيس بن مكشوح المرادي
Qays ibn Hubayra ibn al-Makshuh al-Muradi; sent by Abu Ubayda at Umar's order reinforcing Sa'd in seven hundred — whether he witnessed al-Qadisiyya or arrived after the fighting is debated, Umar ruling his share stood if he came before the dead were buried; his charge-cry 'death is the lot of the noble' is recorded. - شخصیت
قيس بن مسعود الشيباني
Qays ibn Mas'ud al-Shaybani; Kisra's warden of the Taff, maker of al-Manjashaniyya six miles from Basra, his horses pastured in Rawdat al-Khayl above. - شخصیت
السلطان الأشرف قايتباي
Circassian sultan invested by the caliph — ruling 'with a boldness no king had shown since al-Nasir Muhammad', marching Egypt-to-Euphrates with a small escort; he gave no religious office save to the fittest after long deliberation, posts lying vacant months rather than sold, and in 884 made the hajj no sultan had made for over a century, scattering 6,000 dinars at Medina and 5,000 at Mecca. - شخصیت
قليج أرسلان بن سليمان بن قطلمش
Qilij Arslan ibn Sulayman ibn Qutulmush, Seljuk sultan of Rum; succeeding his father over Konya, Aqsaray and the Rum lands, he fought the Frankish hosts crossing his country toward the Levantine coast in 490 AH, then took Mosul, Diyar Bakr and their districts and sat on the throne — marching from Mosul against Jawali Saqawa's siege of al-Rahba, his host deserted him, he charged Jawali in person, was beaten back by Jawali's men and threw himself into the Khabur where he drowned; his son Mas'ud took the Rum lands. - شخصیت
قرواش بن المقلد العقيلي
Mu'tamad al-Dawla — the Uqaylid amir seated by al-Qadir in 396 who ruled Mosul, Kufa and the Euphrates; the Fatimid al-Hakim courted him into proclaiming the Ismaili da'wa at Mosul and Kufa before he begged the caliph's pardon; the Ghuzz plundered over a hundred thousand dinars from his palace; died 444, succeeded by Quraysh ibn Badran. - شخصیت
قباد ملك الطوائف
A king among the Partisan kings defeated by Tubba' Abu Karib in Iraq — expressly not the Sasanian Qubadh ibn Firuz — under whom the general Judhar ibn Sabur served. - شخصیت
قبلاي بن طولي
Qubilai ibn Tolui ibn Genghis Khan; his brother Monke sent him with their brother Hulagu against the land of Khita, and he held the khanate after their brother Ariq Boke — in his line followed Tarmashirin's house and the kings Darmfay, Tarba Kizi, Kizqan and Sandmarqan ibn Tarmala ibn Jankmar. - شخصیت
قضاعة الأسدي
The Asadi poet who swore and broke with Ibn al-Zubayr — 'Ibn Muti' called me to allegiance, kneeling to a bay'a my heart never knew'. - شخصیت
قدامة بن جعفر
888 عیسوی · 275 ھWriter and literary critic whose grandfather, a Christian, converted to Islam; his father was a scribe; died 337 AH (948 CE). - شخصیت
قدامة بن مظعون
One of the earliest Muslims of the secret call; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum names him as a brother of Uthman ibn Mazun who embraced Islam with him. - شخصیت
قوهيار بن قارن
Quhyar ibn Qarin, Mazyar's brother; nursing his slights he secretly served al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn and Muhammad ibn Ibrahim against him, devised the ambush, seized his brother's belt as the hidden men closed — and was killed in Tabaristan by his brother's own retainers. - شخصیت
قريش بن بدران العقيلي
Succeeding Qirwash in 444, the Uqaylid amir of Mosul who fought the Ghuzz in the Jazira and stood against al-Basasiri's rebellion on the caliph al-Qa'im. - شخصیت
قرة بن حبان الباهلي
Qurra ibn Habban al-Bahili; Basra's Qantarat Qurra bears his name, an old canal beside it. - شخصیت
قُرط بن جمّاخ العبدي
Fighter in the Iraq conquests; in al-Baladhuri he fenced at the Day of Mihran till his sword bent, and was among those who reached Rustam at al-Qadisiyya, whose killer went unknown. - شخصیت
قصي بن كلاب
The Qahtani-raised Qurashi who returned to Mecca, married Hulayl’s daughter Hubba, took the custody of the Kaaba from Khuzaʾa around 440 CE after the arbitration of Yaʾmar ibn Awf, gathered Quraysh into the town’s quarters, founded Dar al-Nadwa, and held the five offices: riyasa, liwa, hijaba, siqaya and rifada. - شخصیت
قس بن ساعدة الإيادي
The Iyadite whom al-Mas'udi counts among the unitarian preachers of the intermission, warning his people of God's signs and affirming the resurrection. - شخصیت
قثم بن العباس بن عبد المطلب
Qutham ibn al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib; with Sa'id ibn Uthman in Khurasan he died at Samarqand — some say martyred — having declined five booty-shares for one his own and one his horse's; Ibn Abbas mourned 'what a distance between his birthplace and his grave'. - شخصیت
قطب الدين أيبك
- شخصیت
قطب الدين أيلغازي صاحب ماردين
The Artuqid lord of Mardin — died 580 leaving the child Husam al-Din Yuluq Arslan, whom his own mamluk Nizam al-Din al-Baqish raised and ruled for under the guardianship of the boy's maternal uncle Shah-Arman of Khilat. - شخصیت
قطب الدين سنجر
Al-Nasir's mamluk and governor of Khuzistan — his covert rebellion ended in surrender at Shiraz's intercession; paraded into Baghdad on a pack-mule in leg-chains, he confessed before the assembled notables. - شخصیت
قطبة بن عامر بن حديدة
A Khazraji companion — one of the six Ansar who first met the Prophet at al-Aqaba and among its twelve nuqaba' — who witnessed Badr, and in Safar 9 AH commanded the twenty-man raid against a Khath'am clan near Tabala. - شخصیت
قطبة بن قتادة العذري
Companion from Banu Udhra who commanded the right wing at Mu'tah. He charged and killed Malik ibn Zaflah, commander of the Byzantine-allied Arab forces, and celebrated the deed in verse. - شخصیت
قثم بن العباس
al-Abbas's son who went down into the Prophet's grave with Ali, his brother al-Fadl and Shuqran. - شخصیت
قطلغ خاتون
Qutlugh Khatun, widow of Qutb al-Din Muhammad of the Qutlugh khans; she ruled Kirman from 655 to 681 under Ilkhanid suzerainty — her son Hajjaj the nominal ruler between 660 and 700 — among the most famous women to hold sovereign rule in the Mongol age. - شخصیت
السلطان المظفر سيف الدين قطز المعزي
Aybak's mamluk and his boy's atabeg; when the Tatars stood at Amid and Ibn al-Adim begged aid, he seized the sultanate as al-Muzaffar — 'the time is hard; a brave man must stand for jihad' — broke the Tatars at Ayn Jalut, 15 Ramadan 658, and was killed by Baybars's party on 16 Dhu'l-Qa'da. - شخصیت
رباح مولى مغيث
Mughith's slave who infiltrated the church-holdout's garden; captured and scrubbed raw by men who had never seen a black man, he escaped after seven days and led his master to the water channel that fed the stronghold. - شخصیت
رباح بن عجلة عراف اليمامة
The 'arraf of al-Yamama, judged alongside the 'arraf of Najd in the famous verse — one of the augurs al-Mas'udi names beside al-Ablaq al-Azdi, al-Ahlaj al-Dahri and Kahand of al-Mustanbar. - شخصیت
رباح بن مرة
Hassan's guide against Jadis and brother of Zarqa' al-Yamama — he warned the king of her far sight and devised the carried-tree screen. - شخصیت
الربيع بن خالد
Swore before al-Hajjaj's minbar never to pray behind him and to join any who fought him — he fell at Dayr al-Jamajim. - شخصیت
ربيع بن نهشل
Rabi' ibn Nahshal; he wrote Ibn Amir's writ to Herat's great in the Herat-Badghis-Bushanj sulh, sealed by Ibn Amir. - شخصیت
ربيعة بن رفيع السلمي (ابن الدغنة)
A warrior of Banu Sulaym (known as Ibn al-Dughunna) who caught up with the aged Durayd ibn al-Simma at Awtas after the rout of Hunayn and killed him after an exchange of swords. - شخصیت
ربيعة بن أمية بن خلف
Qurashi Companion with a powerful voice who stood at Arafat relaying the Prophet's Farewell Sermon phrase by phrase to the vast crowd. - شخصیت
رضوان الجنوي
1505 عیسوی · 912 ھA memorizer and transmitter of hadith in Fez, one of the scholars of the Maghrib in the tenth century AH. - شخصیت
رافع بن هرثمة
The Khurasani amir killed by Amr b. al-Layth; his head was displayed at Baghdad in 284. - شخصیت
رافع بن خديج
A Companion of the Aws; presented to the Prophet at Badr he was judged too young, then allowed at Uhud and fought after; an arrow struck him at Uhud and the wound reopened years later; he died in Medina aged eighty-six, with the year disputed. - شخصیت
رافع بن مالك بن العجلان
An Ansari of Banu Zurayq, he was at al-Aqaba and one of the naqibs, and Sa'd ibn Abd al-Hamid said he was the first of the Khazraj to embrace Islam; it is reported he was the first to bring the sura of Yusuf to Medina and that the mosque of Banu Zurayq was the first in which the Qur'an was recited; whether he was at Badr is disputed. - شخصیت
راحت فتح علي خان
1974 عیسوی · 1394 ھ†Nusrat's nephew and heir of modern qawwali — one of South Asia's most-streamed voices. - شخصیت
رجاء بن حيْوة الكندي
Counsellor of Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik, who advised him to settle the succession on Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz with Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik after him, and to write the deed sealed so the people would swear allegiance to its unnamed contents; he kept the secret from both Hisham and Umar himself until Sulayman's death unveiled the letter — and transmitted hadith from Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz. - شخصیت
محمد سعيد رمضان البوطي
1894 عیسوی · 1311 ھA prominent Muslim scholar: a legal theorist, jurist, reformer, philologist and editor, born in Damascus into an old family. - شخصیت
رملة بنت أبي عوف
Of Banu Sahm, wife of al-Muttalib ibn Azhar al-Zuhri; she emigrated to Abyssinia and bore her son Abdullah there. - شخصیت
راشد بن عمرو الجديدي
Rashid ibn Amr al-Judaydi of Azd; Ziyad's frontier man — victorious at Qiqan, killed raiding al-Mayd. - شخصیت
مصطفى رشيد باشا
Mustafa Reshid Pasha — the Tanzimat architect who read the Gülhane decree (1839) proclaiming equality of Muslim and non-Muslim subjects, built the deputies' council, modern penal code and state bank, and was denounced by the ulema for it. - شخصیت
السيد محمد رشيد رضا
Scholar and journalist of the Islamic reform movement, a disciple of Muhammad Abduh and author of a two-volume biography of him. Arslan calls him 'the great master', praises his command of Arabic, his jurisprudence on modern questions and his reply to critics of Islamic law, and cites his treatment of concubinage in Islamic law. - شخصیت
رَطية بنت كعب
Ratiya bint Ka'b of Quraysh, an ancestress through Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza; tradition identifies her as the woman meant by 'she who undid her spun yarn strand by strand'. - شخصیت
ريحانة بنت زيد
A captive of Banu Qurayza or Banu al-Nadir; the reports differ on whether the Prophet freed and married her and put the veil on her or she remained in his possession; she died before the Prophet, or on his return from the Farewell Pilgrimage, and was buried at al-Baqi'. - شخصیت
أرناط صاحب الكرك
Raynald (Arnat), lord of Kerak — whom Ibn al-Athir calls the most hostile of the Franks; in 577 he planned an overland march through Tayma toward Medina until Farrukhshah blocked him, and in 578 he hauled a dismantled fleet to the Gulf of Aqaba to raid the Hijaz coast before Husam al-Din Lu'lu''s fleet destroyed it. - شخصیت
ريطة بنت الحارث بن جبيلة
Wife of al-Harith ibn Khalid; she emigrated to Abyssinia and died. The book's context differs on where she died — in the land of Abyssinia or on the road. - شخصیت
ريطة بنت عبيد الله الحارثية
Al-Saffah's mother — 'Abd al-Malik's widow (by her his son al-Hajjaj), remarried to Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Abbasi. - شخصیت
ريطة بنت زياد
Rayta bint Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan; she took leave to build a Basra bathhouse in the permission-wave after Muslim ibn Abi Bakra's yield broke. - شخصیت
رزق الله بن عبد الوهاب التميمي
1010 عیسوی · 401 ھA Hanbali jurist and historian of Baghdad, whose biography is recorded in works including those of Ibn al-Jawzi. - شخصیت
رئاب الشني
One of al-Mas'udi's unitarian warners of the intermission alongside Quss ibn Sa'ida and Bahira. - شخصیت
رضوان قائد قمص برشلونة بغرناطة
Ridwan, mawla of Granada's sultan Abu al-Hajjaj and commander of his Christian Catalan troops; he held the reins after his master's death and dominated Sultan Muhammad ibn Yusuf, allying with the Castilian tyrant Pedro against his own — until Granada's affair turned, Ibn al-Ahmar was deposed, and Ridwan was killed, his torso crucified on the city wall by the Bab al-Mahruq gate as an example. - شخصیت
رضوان بن تتش
Ridwan ibn Taj al-Dawla Tutush ibn Alp Arslan; his father had commended him to his men before battle, and when Tutush fell at Rayy in 488 AH the news reached him at Hit — he returned to Aleppo where Janah al-Dawla al-Hasan ibn Aftakin seized the citadel by night, proclaimed him from its pulpits and managed his state well; he besieged Nisibis with al-Albi in 499 and contested kingship with his brother Duqaq at Damascus. - شخصیت
رفاعة الطهطاوي
1801 عیسوی · 1216 ھ†Rifa'a al-Tahtawi (1801–1873 CE) — 'one of the pillars of Egypt's modern renaissance'; al-Azhar scholar sent as imam with the student mission to France, then head of translation and founder of al-Waqa'i' al-Misriyya. - شخصیت
رفاعة بن قيس الجشمي
A man of name and rank in Banu Jusham ibn Mu'awiya who camped at al-Ghaba with a large clan of his people, meaning to gather Qays for war against the Prophet; the Prophet sent Abdullah ibn Abi Hadrad with two men, who shot him through the heart and cut off his head. Ibn Ishaq is unsure whether his name was Rifa'a ibn Qays or Qays ibn Rifa'a. - شخصیت
رفاعة بن شداد البجلي
The fifth Penitent chief encamped at Nukhayla in 65 AH. - شخصیت
رفاعة بن زيد الجذامي
Of Judham, of the Dubayb; he came to the Prophet during the Hudaybiyya truce before Khaybar, gave him a slave and became a good Muslim, and carried the Prophet's letter inviting his people, who converted and settled Harrat al-Rajla'. - شخصیت
لذريق
- شخصیت
رجار صاحب صقلية
Lord of Sicily (Roger II); his fleets took Mahdiyya in 543 under George of Antioch and he imposed the jarī tax on the coastal towns until Abd al-Mu'min the Almohad recovered them. - شخصیت
ربعي بن الكاس العنبري
Rubay'i ibn al-Kas al-Anbari; sent by Ali through Ibn Abbas with four thousand to Sijistan — al-Husayn ibn Abi al-Hurr and Na'il ibn Dhi al-Hurra on the van — killed Hasaka and held the country, their rajaz vowing not to befriend 'the party of Ibn Affan, for we found in the Book of the Furqan'. - شخصیت
رذمير ملك الجلالقة
King of the Jalaliqa (Galicians) in 332 — the battle of Samura in Shawwal 327 cost the Muslims of al-Nasir's host some fifty thousand dead after they had crossed the ditch; he took the exiled Umayya ibn Ishaq into his council until the man returned to al-Andalus. - شخصیت
رفيع أبو العالية الرياحي
Rufay' Abu al-Aliya al-Riyahi, a Riyah woman's mawla; he crossed the river with Sa'id ibn Uthman's army — 'Rufay' Abu al-Aliya: elevation and height'. - شخصیت
رفيدة الأسلمية
An Ansari Companion of Banu Aslam remembered for her medical tent pitched in the Prophet's mosque; the wounded Sa'd ibn Mu'adh was placed under her care after he was struck by an arrow at the Battle of the Trench, and she nursed the sick and injured from her own means. - شخصیت
روح بن زنباع الجذامي
The Syrian-army Judhami who mounted the Prophet's own minbar at Medina to answer its taunts — 'we called you to this clan of Quraysh and Yazid's obedience; we are sons of the spear-thrust and the plague'. - شخصیت
روحي الخالدي
1864 عیسوی · 1280 ھBorn in Jerusalem, where his schooling moved between Jerusalem and Nablus. - شخصیت
الحسن بن بويه ركن الدولة
Hasan ibn Buya, brother of Imad and Mu'izz al-Dawla, titled Rukn al-Dawla when the three laqabs went on the coinage. - شخصیت
الرميكية اعتماد
I'timad, known as al-Rumaykiyya — the washerwoman who capped al-Mu'tamid's verse on the wind-rippled river ('any mail-coat for battle, had it frozen'), became his wife and mother of his royal sons; in the Aghmat prison she told him 'we have grown low here', and when Ibn Ammar lay dead with the axe in his skull she said 'Ibn Ammar is still anointed'. - شخصیت
رقية بنت محمد
A daughter of the Prophet and wife of Uthman ibn Affan; she emigrated with him to Abyssinia and then to Medina, fell ill as the Prophet set out for Badr, and died the day Zayd ibn Haritha arrived with the news of the victory. - شخصیت
رتبيل
Rutbil, king of the Zabils; after the Kabul Shah expelled the Muslims he took Zabulistan and Rukhkhaj to Bust, where al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad routed him and pursued to Rukhkhaj; later he sued Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra at Barzan for peace over his land and Kabul's — settled at a million dirhams, ratified by Ziyad. - شخصیت
روزبهان البقلي
A Sufi scholar of Shiraz, known as Sadr al-Din, with contributions to several fields and one of the major writers on Persian Sufism. - شخصیت
سعد الأعسر
Khumarawayh's ghulam who turned the rout at the Mills into a counter-victory over Abu l-Abbas's camp. - شخصیت
سعد بن أبي وقاص
تقریباً 595 عیسویOne of the earliest converts, an archer at Badr, and the commander who broke the Sasanian army at al-Qadisiyya about 636; founder of the garrison city of Kufa. - شخصیت
سابق الخوارزمي
The Imam Ibrahim's mawla who sped the succession-will from Harran to al-Humayma — then led Abu Humayd from the sweeper's market to the hidden Abbasids in Kufa. - شخصیت
سبق قراخان
Sabuq Qara Khan, king of the Turks at Kashghar; the first of Turkestan's Turkic kings to accept Islam, taking the name Abd al-Malik — his realm Kashghar, Saqun and Khimo reaching the desert fringes toward China, he and his heirs answering the Samanids' levies in their wars. - شخصیت
سابور بن أزدشير الوزير
The vizier Abu Nasr Sabur ibn Ardashir; in 382 he bought and rebuilt a Karkh house as the Dar al-Ilm, endowed upon the scholars with many books. - شخصیت
سعد الدين ابن الشيخ محيي الدين
تقریباً ستمبر 1221 عیسوی · تقریباً رمضان 618 ھIbn Arabi's son Sa'd al-Din Muhammad — born at Malatya in Ramadan 618, a hadith-hearer and poet with a famous diwan, who died at Damascus in 656, the year Hülegü took Baghdad, and was buried beside his father on Qasiyun. - شخصیت
سعد بن الربيع الأنصاري الخزرجي
An Ansari Companion of the Khazraj. On the day of Uhud the Prophet sent Zayd ibn Thabit to search for him among the slain; he found him at his last breath with seventy blows on him — spear-thrusts, sword-blows and arrow-shots. He gave him the Prophet's greeting, and he said: 'and on the Messenger of God be peace. Tell him: Messenger of God, I catch the breeze of Paradise. And tell your people the Ansar: you have no excuse with God if the Messenger of God is reached while among you there is an eye that still blinks.' His soul flowed out on the spot. - شخصیت
سعد بن عمرو بن حرام الأنصاري
Sa'd ibn Amr ibn Haram al-Ansari; in al-Baladhuri: Ammar ibn Yasir — then Umar's governor of Kufa — sent him at the head of an army raiding above al-Anbar, and the people of the Euphrates forts as far as Hit came to him seeking aman, which he granted, reserving half of Hit's church; others say Midlaj ibn Amr al-Sulami acted under him and it was he who took it and built al-Haditha. - شخصیت
سعد بن دكلة أتابك شيراز
The Salghurid Atabeg of Fars — sheltered the fugitive mamluk Sanjar 'honouring him and standing up for him', then surrendered him only under a sworn guarantee of his safety. - شخصیت
سعد بن حذيفة بن اليمان
Hudhayfa's other martyred son at Siffin — their father died days after the sickbed sermon and bay'a that sent them. - شخصیت
سعد بن حمران المرادي
The second named killer — his sword-cut at Uthman's shoulder-cord, counted by al-Waqidi among the Egyptian marchers. - شخصیت
سعد بن خيثمة
An Ansari of the Aws, one of the twelve naqibs on the night of al-Aqaba and the naqib of Banu Amr ibn Awf; the Prophet used to sit with people in his house at Quba, called 'the house of the crow'; he was killed at Badr after his lot was drawn over his father's, and Ibn Hajar rejects Abu Nu'aym's claim that he was the Abu Khaythama who stayed behind from Tabuk. - شخصیت
سعد بن مالك الخدري
تقریباً 612 عیسویA Companion of the Prophet from the Ansar, of the Khudra clan, who transmitted hadith. - شخصیت
سعد بن معاذ
Chief of the Aws and standard-bearer of the Ansar at Badr, where he pledged the Ansar's full support in the war council and proposed building the command shelter; later gave the ruling on Banu Qurayza and died of a wound received then. - شخصیت
سعد بن عبادة
The chief of the Khazraj, present at al-Aqaba and one of the twelve naqibs; whether he was at Badr is disputed; he and his father, grandfather and son were famed for generosity, he carried the banner of the Ansar, his holding back from the pledge to Abu Bakr is well known, and he died at Hawran in 15 or 16 AH. - شخصیت
سعد بن زيد الأشهلي
A noble Companion from Banu Abd al-Ashhal of the Aws; Badri veteran who was entrusted by the Prophet with the mission to demolish the ancient idol Manat at al-Mushallal in Ramadan 8 AH. - شخصیت
صدقة بن علي
Sadaqa ibn Ali ibn Sadaqa ibn Dinar, the Azd's mawla; he ravaged Azerbaijan with al-Wajna' ibn al-Rawwad, fought Urmiya's people till he mastered it, and built palaces there with his brothers. - شخصیت
صدقة بن منصور المزيدي ملك العرب
Sadaqa ibn Mansur ibn Dubays ibn Ali ibn Mazyad al-Asadi, amir of Banu Mazyad and builder of al-Hilla in Iraq; among the strongest backers of Sultan Muhammad ibn Malikshah against Barkyaruq, who enfeoffed him Wasit and licensed him over Basra — but he sheltered Sarkhab ibn Kaykhusraw and the sultan contested the realm with him; meeting him at the end of Rajab 501 AH with Ubada and Khafaja deserting him, he charged the Turks crying 'I am the king of the Arabs, I am Sadaqa', an arrow pinned him and a Turkish ghulam named Barghash killed him and bore his head to the sultan — in the twenty-first year of his emirate; generous, forbearing, truthful and just, he could read but not write and kept a library of finely copied books. - شخصیت
سديف بنت هوماس
An Arab diviner named by al-Mas'udi among the kahins marked by bodily deformity. - شخصیت
صدر الدين الخجندي
Ra'is of Isfahan's Shafi'is — 'second only to the governor over all its people' — who hated the Khwarazmian garrison enough to offer the city to Baghdad's Diwan, delivering Isfahan to al-Nasir's army in 591. - شخصیت
صدر الدين ابن الوزان
Muhammad ibn al-Wazzan, head of the Shafi'is of Rayy and highly placed with the Khwarazmshah Takish — killed by the Ismailis during Takish's operations against their fortresses in 595. - شخصیت
صدر الدين بن حمويه الجويني
Sadr al-Din ibn Hamuwayh — Shaykh al-Shuyukh of Egypt and Syria, 'an excellent faqih and a righteous Sufi of a great Khurasani house'; died at Mosul in 617 having come as a messenger. - شخصیت
صفاء الدين عيسى البندنيجي
1788 عیسوی · 1203 ھA Sufi scholar of Baghdad from the Qadiri and Naqshbandi orders, named after Bandanijin. - شخصیت
ابنة حاتم الطائي (سفّانة)
Hatim al-Ta'i's daughter and Adi's sister; the Prophet's cavalry took her among the captives of Tayy after Adi fled to Syria, and three times she addressed the Prophet, the father is dead and the envoy absent, be gracious to me, until he released her, clothed her, mounted her and gave her provision. She joined her brother in Syria, rebuked him, then advised him to hasten to the Prophet. The sira leaves her unnamed; al-Suhayli, as the editors report, identifies her as Saffana, Hatim's only known daughter. - شخصیت
صفية بنت عبد المطلب
An aunt of the Prophet, mother of al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and full sister of Hamza; she embraced Islam and emigrated with her son, a report tells of her killing a man who spied on the women's fort at the Trench, and she lived into Umar's caliphate. - شخصیت
صفية بنت حيي
تقریباً 610 عیسویA woman of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir who was taken captive at Khaybar, then freed and married to the Prophet, becoming one of the Mothers of the Believers. - شخصیت
صفية بنت شيبة
Whether she was a Companion is disputed, and the view that she never saw the Prophet is called the most remote because her hadith is established in al-Bukhari in suspended form; she narrated from Aisha, Umm Habiba, Umm Salama and Asma, and Ibn Hibban counts her among the trustworthy Successors. - شخصیت
صفوان بن المعطل
A righteous Companion and veteran warrior from Banu Sulaym assigned to travel behind the army to collect dropped luggage; when he found Aisha left behind at al-Muraysi', he recognized her, lowered his camel without uttering a word beyond 'Inna lillahi wa-inna ilayhi raji'un', and safely escorted her to Medina; he was martyred during the Armenian conquests. - شخصیت
صفوان بن حذيفة بن اليمان
Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman's son — borne with his brother Sa'd to Siffin on their dying father's command 'strive for martyrdom with him, for he is upon the truth'; both fell there in 36 AH. - شخصیت
صفوان بن أمية
A leader of Quraysh from Banu Jumah; his father was killed at Badr as a disbeliever; he fled on the day Mecca was taken until his cousin Umayr ibn Wahb brought him a promise of safety from the Prophet; he was at Hunayn before he embraced Islam, lent the Prophet his weapons, and was given so much of the spoils that he embraced Islam. - شخصیت
سحامة بن عبد الرحمن الأصم
Sahama ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Asamm al-Ghudani, al-Hajjaj's muezzin, who fought with Yazid; the Basra house later known as Abu Ya'qub al-Khattabi's was his. - شخصیت
الصاحب بن عباد
The Sahib Ibn Abbad, Buyid wazir and keeper of the famous library — who judged Sayf al-Dawla's thousand dinars too little for the Aghani, called it his one boon-companion in 117,000 volumes, and swapped his thirty-camel adab caravan for it alone. - شخصیت
سهل بن هارون
Sahl ibn Harun — keeper of the Bayt al-Hikma under al-Ma'mun, charged with the hoard of Greek philosophical books fetched from Cyprus. - شخصیت
سهلة بنت سهيل
Of Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy; Ibn Ishaq names her among the women emigrants to Abyssinia. - شخصیت
سعيد الحاجب
Appointed to kill al-Musta'in after Ahmad ibn Tulun refused to slay caliphs' sons — he slaughtered him on 3 Shawwal 252, aged thirty-one. - شخصیت
سعيد بن عمرو بن أسود الحرشي
Sa'id ibn Amr ibn Aswad al-Harashi, an amir of the marches; Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik sent him at the head of Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik's vanguard to Armenia, where he met the Khazars besieging Wartan, drove them off and routed them — whereupon Maslama's letter came blaming him for fighting before his arrival, so he was seized, bound and jailed at Bardha'a until Hisham wrote for his release; after Maslama, Hisham gave him the march for two years. - شخصیت
سعيد بن عبد العزيز حذيفة
Sa'id ibn Abd al-Aziz, nicknamed 'Hudhayfa' when a dahqan mocked his saffron robe and combed hair; Maslama's son-in-law over Khurasan, he sent Sawra to Ishtikhan — one victory, one rout — gave Nasr ibn Sayyar command, and was deposed on the notables' complaint. - شخصیت
سعيد بن عبد العزيز التنوخي
- شخصیت
سعيد بن عبد الملك (سعيد الخير)
Sa'id ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, called Sa'id al-Khayr, who displayed piety; in al-Baladhuri: the site of his river was a beast-haunted thicket which al-Walid granted him — some say the grantor was Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz — and he dug the river named for him and settled the land. - شخصیت
سعد بن عبد قيس
Of Banu al-Harith ibn Fihr; he emigrated to Abyssinia — the second of the three men Ibn Ishaq names from Banu al-Harith among the rest of the emigrants. - شخصیت
سعيد بن أبي عروبة
Sa'id ibn Abi Aruba — Abu Aruba's name being Mihran; one of the Basran delegation to al-Mansur bearing the batiha's picture. - شخصیت
سعيد بن أحمد الباهلي
Sa'id ibn Ahmad al-Bahili, headman of the Bahila band who coveted the Batayih after the Zanj quit it; haled to Baghdad he died under seven hundred lashes and was crucified — driving the rest of his chiefs into the Zanj. - شخصیت
سعيد بن العاص بن سعيد بن العاص بن أمية
Sa'id ibn al-As ibn Sa'id ibn al-As ibn Umayya; in al-Baladhuri: he was Uthman ibn Affan's governor of Kufa, to whom Uthman wrote ordering him to reinforce Habib ibn Maslama in Armenia with an army under Salman ibn Rabi'a al-Bahili, who marched to him with six thousand Kufans. - شخصیت
سعيد بن العاص أبو أحيحة
Father of Khalid, Amr and Aban; he died at al-Zurayba in the direction of al-Ta'if over property of his, and Ibn Ishaq transmits verses he addressed to his son Amr. - شخصیت
سعيد بن الحارث السهمي
Of Banu Sahm; he emigrated to Abyssinia and was killed in the year of the Yarmuk in Umar's caliphate. - شخصیت
سعيد بن المسيب
Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab; among the greatest Meccan-Medinan Followers — 'Abd al-Malik first struck engraved dinars' — and sent bullion to Damascus, struck for him on the Jahiliya mithqal. - شخصیت
سعيد بن عامر بن حذيم الجمحي
Sa'id ibn Amir ibn Hudhaym al-Jumahi the Qurashite, a Companion of the Messenger of God and commander under Iyad ibn Ghanm; in al-Baladhuri from al-Waqidi: he held the right wing of Iyad's army marching on the Jazira mid-Sha'ban year 18 — Maysara ibn Masruq on the vanguard and Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal on the left. - شخصیت
سعيد بن عمرو الجرشي
Sa'id ibn Amr al-Jarashi; over Khurasan he disavowed his katib's solecisms — 'the amir is innocent of this lahn' — then, Sughd refusing, marched till twelve thousand defected to him and he opened most of its fortresses. - شخصیت
سعيد بن عمرو التميمي
Of Banu Tamim, maternal half-brother of Bishr ibn al-Harith al-Sahmi; he emigrated to Abyssinia and was killed at Ajnadayn in Abu Bakr's caliphate. - شخصیت
سعيد بن أسلم بن زرعة الكلابي
Sa'id ibn Aslam ibn Zur'a al-Kilabi; al-Hajjaj's man on the Makran frontier — killed in the Allafi brothers' rising that seized the thaghr. - شخصیت
سعيد بن أوس أبو زيد الأنصاري
740 عیسوی · 122 ھThe philologist, grammarian and transmitter Abu Zayd Said ibn Aws ibn Thabit al-Ansari, who studied language, grammar, recitation and hadith with the scholars of his age and wrote works on language. - شخصیت
سعيد بن حكم القرشي أمير منورقة
Abu Uthman Sa'id ibn Hakam al-Qurashi — 'the generous, the just, the learned'; after Majorca's fall he rose in neighbouring Menorca, made peace with the Christians on a fixed tribute on condition no Christian set foot on his island, and governed it admirably; a native of Tavira and author of the celebrated Rawh al-Shajr wa-Rawh al-Shi'r. - شخصیت
سعيد بن حمدان
A Hamdanid sent by al-Muqtadir with Safi al-Basri in great horse toward Samarra against Mu'nis's advance in 320. - شخصیت
الأشنانياني، أبو عثمان سعيد بن هارون
A grammarian and philologist from Baghdad, one of the imams of the Arabic language and its transmitters, who lived in Basra, where Ibn Duraid met him. - شخصیت
سعيد بن حميد
The katib whose tale-bearing broke al-Fath ibn Khaqan — lampooned as 'the zindiq who reviles the Prophet's brother'. - شخصیت
سعيد بن خالد بن سعيد
Son of Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-As and Amina bint Khalf, born in the land of Abyssinia. - شخصیت
صاعد بن مخلد
The Abbasid wazir in Baghdad titled Dhu'l-Wizaratayn whose style Ibn Shuhayd emulated as the first so called in al-Andalus. - شخصیت
سعيد بن سعيد بن العاص
An early Muslim of Banu Umayya, brother of Khalid ibn Sa'id and Amr ibn Sa'id; he migrated to Abyssinia and fell as a martyr to an arrow at the siege of Ta'if. - شخصیت
سعيد بن صالح الحاجب
The chamberlain who flogged the deposed caliph, sat on his chest and took his head to al-Mu'tazz — 'if it is Sa'id, I am dead'. - شخصیت
سعيد بن سارية الخزاعي
Sa'id ibn Saria al-Khuza'i; Ali appointed him to Azerbaijan, then al-Ash'ath ibn Qays al-Kindi. - شخصیت
سعيد بن عثمان بن عفان
Sa'id ibn Uthman ibn Affan; Mu'awiya's governor of Khurasan — first to cross the river with his whole army. At Bukhara the Khatun's hundred-twenty-thousand broke and she renewed peace on hostages; at Samarqand he swore not to stir till it opened, lost an eye in three days' fighting, and truced at seven hundred thousand plus noble hostages, entering and leaving by its gates; he sat on Tirmidh till it truced too. - شخصیت
سعيد بن يحيى الأموي
The traditionist and jurist Abu Uthman Said ibn Yahya ibn Said ibn Aban al-Umawi, of Kufan origin who settled in Baghdad; he transmitted hadith from his paternal uncles and from scholars of his time. - شخصیت
سعيد بن زيد
One of the earliest converts of the secret call; he and his wife Fatima bint al-Khattab, Umar's sister, accepted Islam early. - شخصیت
سجاح بنت الحارث
تقریباً 590 عیسویA woman of Tamim by her father and Taghib by her mother who claimed prophecy in rhymed speech, marched an army toward Medina, then turned to Yamama and joined Musaylima — before returning to Islam and living into the caliphate. - شخصیت
سجادة
A hadith man known as Sajjada; he refused in the creation-of-the-Quran mihna and was shackled before relenting — al-Ma'mun's letter mocked that his date-stone work for his sajjada had distracted him from tawhid. - شخصیت
سكينة بنت الحسين
- شخصیت
سكوت البرغواطي الحاجب
Sakkut the Barghawati hajib; a slave of the shaykh Haddad of the Hammudid mawali, bought from Barghawata captives in their jihad days, who passed to Ali ibn Hammud where talent carried him until he seized their office and sat on their throne at Tangier and Ceuta with all Ghumara obeying him — into the Almoravid era, when Salih ibn Imran's host shattered him before Tangier in 471, his son Diya' al-Din falling back on Ceuta which al-Mu'izz ibn Yusuf stormed in 476; Sakkut, ill-answering the demand for treasure, was killed on the spot, and among his hoard they found the seal-ring of Yahya ibn Ali ibn Hammud — so ended the Hammudid state. - شخصیت
صلاح الدين بن يوسف الكحال
A physician from the last generation of Arab physicians, raised in Aleppo. - شخصیت
صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب الملك الناصر
Shirkuh's nephew, who held Alexandria four months in 562, took Egypt's vizierate as al-Malik al-Nasir in 564, ended the Ubaydid khutba in Muharram 567 after the Ajami al-Amir al-Alim led it, sold the palace treasures over ten years, crucified the restoration plotters of 569, and ordered Cairo's great wall, the Muqattam citadel and al-Shafi'i's turba. He died in the 'Year of Kings', 589, not yet sixty, leaving sixteen sons and one daughter; his conquests were reckoned at sixty fortresses. Ibn al-Imad preserves his clemency: when a man falsely claimed the dead Sanqar's estate, the sultan quietly gave him robe, stipend and mule — and when Sanqar's foot landed on the sultan's hand laid upon the ground he said only 'write with my hand or under my foot' - شخصیت
سلام الطيفوري
Sulayman ibn Qayrat's partner in Sisar's pastures; in al-Baladhuri, of Tayfur — Abu Ja'far al-Mansur's mawla gifted to al-Mahdi. - شخصیت
سلامة حاجب القاهر
Al-Qahir's chamberlain; al-Suli says the caliph was reckless, blood-shedding, ill-mannered and wine-addicted — 'had it not been for the excellence of his chamberlain Salama, he would have ruined tillage and progeny'. - شخصیت
سلامة القس
The singing-girl bought from Suhayl for three thousand dinars who ruled Yazid's heart — 'the world and Salama the priest's girl have seduced him'. - شخصیت
سلامة الطولوني
Made chamberlain by al-Qahir after Mu'nis's fall in 321. - شخصیت
سلمة بن الأكوع
A famed Companion celebrated as the swiftest runner and premier foot-archer among the Muslims; hero of the Expedition of Dhu Qarad where he pursued the raiders on foot and recovered the captured camels; fought valiantly at Khaybar, Hunayn, and the Ridwan Pledge. - شخصیت
سلمة بن الحارث الكندي
Salama ibn al-Harith al-Kindi, youngest of al-Harith's sons: set over Taghlib, expelled by them, then taken as king by Bakr ibn Wa'il — the adoption al-Mundhir ibn Imru' al-Qays answered with the first day of Awara; at al-Kullab he led Taghlib and the sana'i' to victory over his brother Shurahbil. - شخصیت
سلمة بن الميلاء الجهني
A warrior of Juhayna who was killed in Khalid ibn al-Walid's cavalry during the entry into Mecca on the day of the Conquest. - شخصیت
سلمة بن عمرو الضبي
Salama ibn Amr ibn Dirar al-Dabbi — some say al-Bara' ibn Azib; Hudhayfa sent him over the Rayy army after Urwa withdrew and dispatched him to Qumis — they did not resist and opened Damaghan's gates. - شخصیت
صالح
Thamud's prophet — the Prophet passed their dwellings at al-Hijr on the Tabuk road and forbade entering them except weeping. - شخصیت
صالح بن عبد القدوس البصري
Denounced to al-Mahdi for zandaqa; he professed repentance and was released, then recalled — 'the old man never leaves his ways,' his own verse — and executed. - شخصیت
صالح بن عبد الرحمن
Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman, mawla of Banu Tamim — his father among Sijistan's captives; in al-Baladhuri he wrote Arabic and Persian before al-Hajjaj's scribe Zadhanfarrukh, was presented to al-Hajjaj who took to him, and transferred the Sawad and Iraq kharaj diwan into Arabic. - شخصیت
صالح بن المنصور
in al-Baladhuri, eponym of Baghdad's Salihiyya quarter. - شخصیت
صالح بن علي
Salih ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn al-Abbas, prince of the Abbasid da'wa and its first governor over Syria; in al-Baladhuri: when word reached him that a company in Mount Lebanon had complained of Ba'labakk's kharaj administrator and that the Byzantines had abetted them, he sent troops who killed their fighters, kept the rest on their religion, returned them to their villages and exiled a company of Lebanon's people — whereupon al-Awza'i wrote him his famous letter decrying punishment of the many for the sins of the few; the House of the Dyers at al-Ramla passed to his heirs, seized with Umayyad wealth. - شخصیت
صالح بن كيسان
- شخصیت
صالح بن مدرك
Tayyi''s amir; he and his tribe fell on the Iraqi caravan in 289 and took loot worth a million mithqals from the pilgrims. - شخصیت
صالح بن منصور الحميري
Salih ibn Mansur al-Himyari, ancestor of the kings of Nekour; through him the Ghumara embraced Islam under the Umayyad state — a Maliki imam of steadfast observance who received caliphal expeditions for the jihad of the Berbers, and composer of the verse rulings called al-Randiyya; when his people apostatised once and expelled him for a Nafza man called al-Randi, they repented, returned to Islam and recalled him, and he dwelt among them until his death at Tamsasan in 182 AH. - شخصیت
صالح بن مرداس الكلابي
Salih ibn Mirdas, amir of Banu Kilab and founder of their Aleppo state; he began by taking al-Rahba after killing its lord Ibn Majlakan and proclaiming the Alid da'wa of Egypt, then seized Aleppo from Ibn Sha'ban al-Katami, besieging him in the citadel until he surrendered it in 424 AH, his realm stretching from Baalbek to Ana — he was killed in 429 AH at the Tiberias encounter with Anushtakin, commander of al-Zahir's Egyptian army, while his son Nasr Shibl al-Dawla escaped. - شخصیت
صالح بن محمد الحريري
Al-Muntasir's drinking-companion whose decades-old love for Qayna's freedwoman was fulfilled with a hunched bride and a pelting of leaded walnuts — he soon divorced her. - شخصیت
صالح بن مسلم الباهلي
Salih ibn Muslim al-Bahili, Qutayba's brother; left beyond the river he took Kasan, Urusht, Sakhr and Akhsikath — Farghana's old city — with Nasr ibn Sayyar in his host. - شخصیت
صالح بن نصر الكناني المتطوعي
Salih ibn Nasr al-Kinani, called Salih al-Mutawwi'i; leader of the mutatawwi'a volunteers in Sistan who gathered to fight the Kharijite Shurat when the Baghdad state faltered after al-Mutawakkil's killing — they subdued Sistan and ruled it until Tahir ibn Abd Allah, amir of Khurasan, drove them out; among his companions were Dirham ibn al-Hasan and Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar. - شخصیت
صالح بن طريف
- شخصیت
صالح بن عبادة الهمذاني
Salih ibn Ubada al-Hamdani; he held Mosul's ribat-post in Utba ibn Farqad's conquest days. - شخصیت
سليل بن يزيد
Salil ibn Yazid ibn Malik of Tayy; the only man hit when the Muslims forded the Tigris to al-Mada'in at the fishermen's village. - شخصیت
سالم السدي
Umar's intimate who greeted his caliphate with 'it pleased me for the people and grieved me for you — I fear only that you will not fear'. - شخصیت
سالم بن عبد الله بن عمر بن الخطاب
A jurist of Medina; Rabi'a says the fatwa passed after Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab to al-Qasim and Salim, as Shirazi reports. - شخصیت
سالم بن فضل باعفضل
A scholar from Tarim in Hadramawt, descended from Sa'd al-Ashira. He died in 581 AH. - شخصیت
سالم بن قاسم أمير المدينة
The Husaynid amir of Medina — defeated Qatada of Mecca at Dhu al-Hulayfa after praying at the Prophet's tomb, besieged him inside Mecca, and lost the war only when Qatada corrupted his amirs. - شخصیت
سالم بن قتيبة
Counselled al-Mansur on Abu Muslim with the verse against a partner-god — 'a hearing ear, indeed'. - شخصیت
سالم بن عمير
The first of the seven Weepers, of Banu Amr ibn Awf in Ibn Ishaq's context; Ibn Ishaq lists him among those who begged the Prophet for mounts on the Tabuk campaign when he found nothing to carry them on. - شخصیت
سالم مولى أبي حذيفة
One of the earliest Muslims; a woman of the Ansar freed him and he attached himself to Abu Hudhayfa, who adopted him, then he was returned to his own clients when the verse in al-Ahzab about adoption was revealed; he led the first emigrants in prayer at the mosque of Quba, among them Abu Bakr and Umar, and the story of his being nursed because of Sahla bint Suhayl is well known. - شخصیت
سليط بن عمرو
Of Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy; he emigrated to Abyssinia. Ibn Ishaq describes him as the Messenger of God's envoy to Hawdha ibn Ali al-Hanafi in al-Yamama. - شخصیت
سليط بن عطة الحنفي
Salit ibn Atta al-Hanafi; Waki' ibn Hassan's courier bearing Qutayba's head to Sulayman. - شخصیت
سليط بن قيس الأنصاري
Salit ibn Qays ibn Amr al-Ansari; sent by Umar with Abu Ubayd to Iraq with the saying 'but for the haste in you I'd have appointed you — war is cunning, only the patient man suits it'; at the Bridge he reproached Abu Ubayd for crossing against his counsel and fought till killed. - شخصیت
سلم الخاسر
The poet of 'the seas of bounty ebbed after the Barmakids'. وعدّه ابن النديم في الشعراء الذين يظهرون الإسلام ويبطنون الزندقة. - شخصیت
سلام الترجمان
Sallam the Interpreter — fluent in thirty tongues, and the only man al-Wathiq judged fit when a dream unsettled him about the barrier of Gog and Magog: fitted out with fifty young men, five thousand dinars and ten thousand dirhams for his own costs, a thousand dirhams and a year's rations per man, felt-lined leathers, fur kishtabads, wooden saddles and two hundred pack-mules, he carried al-Wathiq's letter to Ishaq ibn Isma'il governor of Armenia at Tiflis, whose letters passed him on to the lord of Sarir, the king of the Alans, Filan Shah and Tarkhan king of the Khazars, then some twenty-seven days on to the black evil-smelling land and the cities Gog and Magog had ruined, until he reached the forts by the mountain cleft holding the barrier — describing its iron gate, lock, key and twin forts and the Monday-and-Thursday knocking on the lock; Ibn Khurdadhbih heard the whole report from him and took it down. - شخصیت
سلام بن أبي الحقيق (أبو رافع)
A wealthy Jewish merchant of Banu al-Nadir settled in Khaybar; one of the primary instigators and financiers who traveled to Mecca and Ghatafan to forge the confederate alliance (al-Ahzab) against Medina; assassinated in his fortified residence by a Muslim covert squad led by Abdullah ibn Atik. - شخصیت
سلم بن زياد
Salm ibn Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan; Mu'awiya's and Yazid's governor of Khurasan and namesake of Basra's Nahr Salm — he bought Khalid ibn Tulayq the qadi's house for Abu al-Jarrah, Ibn al-Zubayr's jailer-qadi, for his flight from that prison. - شخصیت
سلم بن أحوز المازني
Nasr ibn Sayyar's commander who killed Yahya ibn Zayd at 'Arghuna and took his head to al-Walid — Abu Muslim later killed him and prayed over Yahya's lowered body. - شخصیت
سلم صاحب بيت الحكمة
Salm, master of the House of Wisdom under al-Ma'mun; Ibn al-Nadim names him among the embassy the caliph sent to the Byzantine emperor to fetch chosen ancient sciences — with al-Hajjaj ibn Matar, Ibn al-Bitriq and others — who brought back what they found and were ordered to translate it. - شخصیت
سلمى القابلة
A Companion, wife of Abu Rafi' the Prophet's freedman; she was the household midwife who delivered Fatima's children — al-Hasan, al-Husayn, Zaynab and Umm Kulthum — having earlier served Khadija, and lived on after the Prophet's death. - شخصیت
سلمى بنت عتاب
A woman poet of Tamim who spoke two verses on the day of Uyayna ibn Hisn's raid on Banu al-Anbar, lamenting the evil that befell Adi ibn Jundab, the enemies closing in from every side and the absence of their might and fortune; nothing else of her is known from Ibn Ishaq. - شخصیت
سلمى بنت حفصة
al-Muthanna's widow married to Sa'd — who freed Abu Mahjan on his oath, lent him al-Balqa', and told Sa'd the whole story; herself estranged from Sa'd for naming al-Muthanna at the spear-crossing until the eve of the Harir night. - شخصیت
سلمان الفارسي
تقریباً 568 عیسویA Persian seeker who passed through Zoroastrianism and Christianity before reaching Muhammad; freed from slavery in Medina, he is remembered for proposing the trench at the siege of 627. - شخصیت
سلمان بن ربيعة الباهلي
Salman ibn Rabi'a al-Bahili; in al-Baladhuri: it is said he was in Abu Ubayda's army with Abu Umama al-Suddi ibn Ajlan, companion of the Messenger of God, and lodged at a fortress in Qurus that was named after him — known as Hisn Salman — then returned from Syria among the reinforcements sent to Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas in Iraq; others say he raided the Byzantines after Iraq's conquest and before his march on Armenia, camping by this fortress which he had reached from the Mar'ash side, whence the name; yet others hold that this Salman — with Ziyad — was of the Saqaliba whom Marwan ibn Muhammad stationed in the marches, and that the fortress was named for that man; God knows best. - شخصیت
السمح بن مالك الخولاني
- شخصیت
سامي يوسف
1980 عیسوی · 1400 ھ†The British-Azerbaijani singer whose album Al-Mu'allim (2003) sold millions — the best-known modern Islamic vocalist. - شخصیت
سميرة بن الجعد الشيباني
al-Hajjaj's Shaybani boon-companion won over by Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a's verse — he answered with his own lines renouncing 'every creed but the Kharijites'' and defected beyond reach. - شخصیت
صمصام الدولة بن عضد الدولة
Adud al-Dawla's son, invested by al-Ta'i' in 372 as Shams al-Milla with seven robes and the two standards; his silk-and-cotton tax nearly lit Baghdad in 375 till remitted, and in 376 his brother Sharaf al-Dawla beat and blinded him. - شخصیت
سمرة بن جندب
A Companion of Fazara and ally of the Ansar; the Prophet sent him back as a boy and then allowed him to go out when he wrestled down the boy who had been allowed; he settled in Basra, where Ziyad left him in charge, and died before 60 AH or at its start. - شخصیت
سنباذ
Sanbadh, who rose at Rayy in the first days of the Abbasid state; Umar ibn al-Ala' the butcher fought him with his gathered band and wounded him sore. - شخصیت
السلطان سنجر بن ملكشاه
The senior Seljuk sultan who ordered his nephew Mas'ud to restore the captive caliph al-Mustarshid, citing the signs in heaven and earth and the suspended prayers — Mas'ud obeyed and kissed the ground before the caliph. - شخصیت
سارة
Ibrahim's wife; Pharaoh plotted against her and God turned his plot back, and recognising her closeness to God he gave her Hajar as a servant, whom Sarah gave to Ibrahim in marriage; after Ismail's birth her jealousy led Ibrahim to take Hajar and the child to the Hijaz, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account after al-Bukhari and Rahma lil-Alamin. - شخصیت
سارة مولاة بني عبد المطلب
A freedwoman attached to a family of Banu Abd al-Muttalib. In this edition she is named both as one of two possible carriers of Hatib's letter, and as a woman who had harmed the Prophet in Mecca — ordered killed at the conquest, then amnestied; years later a horse trampled her at al-Abtah in Umar's caliphate. - شخصیت
سري السقطي
The ascetic, shaykh of al-Junayd, died in al-Mu'tazz's days. - شخصیت
سرجون بن منصور
Sarjun ibn Mansur, scribe of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan; in al-Baladhuri: when Sulayman ibn Sa'd finished transferring Syria's diwan from Greek and brought it to Abd al-Malik, he called Sarjun and displayed it to him — which grieved him, and he went out dejected; met by a group of the Roman scribes he told them 'seek your livelihood in a craft other than this — God has cut it off from you.' - شخصیت
صصة بن داهر
Sasa ibn Dahir; fleeing to Iraq to charge al-Junayd's treachery, he was soothed into a handclasp — and killed. - شخصیت
صعصعة بن ناجية
Sa'sa'a ibn Najiya al-Mujashi'i of Tamim, the jahili orator and grandfather of al-Farazdaq — 'Najiya's son, by whose counsel Tamim lived'; he urged Tamim onto Khusraw's convoy before Islam, and he is the legendary 'preventer of the buried-alive': finding a man of Banu al-Hujaym about to bury his newborn daughter he bought her for two milch camels and his own mount, saving a hundred girls in all; he later came in delegation to the Prophet, heard sura al-Zalzala and professed Islam. - شخصیت
صعصعة بن صوحان العبدي
'Abd al-Qays's orator and one of Ali's 'arrows' — Mu'awiya called him a shaft of Ali and a khatib of the Arabs; his genealogy-riddle exchange at court, his definitions of leadership, manliness, wisdom and knighthood for Ibn Abbas ('you are the deep-sea of Arab learning'), and his share in Ibn Wahb's death at Nahrawan. - شخصیت
ساطع الحصري
1880 عیسوی · 1298 ھFrom an Arab family of Aleppo merchants. One of the leading theorists of Arab nationalism, who wrote on education and politics. - شخصیت
سطيح الكاهن
The celebrated Arab diviner Satih — of the marked-bodied kahins in al-Mas'udi's roster. - شخصیت
سواد بن غزية
An Ansari Companion at Badr who, when the Prophet's arrow nicked him while straightening the ranks, bared his own belly for retaliation; the Prophet embraced him instead — the best-known of the 'wonders of faith' vignettes from the battle. - شخصیت
سودة بنت زمعة
Mother of the Believers; among the early converts who migrated to Abyssinia, and the first woman the Prophet married after the death of Khadija, in Shawwal of the tenth year of prophethood. - شخصیت
سورة بن الحر الحنظلي
Sawra ibn al-Hurr al-Hanzali; Sa'id's spearhead beyond the river — retook Ishtikhan and routed the Turks, forbade pursuit, then was routed with heavy loss in the second round. - شخصیت
سوار بن عبد الله القاضي
The ascetic qadi, dead in 156 in al-Mansur's day. - شخصیت
سوار بن همام العبدي
Sawwar ibn Hammam al-Abdi; al-Hakam's vanguard-leader at Rayshahr — he charged Shahrak, stabbed him from his horse and finished him, and Shahrak's son charged and killed Sawwar. - شخصیت
سياة السندي
- شخصیت
علي بن عبد الله بن حمدان سيف الدولة
Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Hamdan, titled Sayf al-Dawla by the caliph at Takrit in 330; he crushed al-Baridi in a dreadful battle near Mada'in and drove him to Basra, then his own amirs rose at Wasit and he fled through the desert. - شخصیت
سيف الدين غازي بن زنكي
Sayf al-Din Ghazi I b. Zangi, lord of Mosul — a man of religion, courage and enterprise; he died in Jumada al-Akhira 544 past forty, succeeded by his brother Qutb al-Din Mawdud. - شخصیت
سيف الإسلام طغتكين
Saladin's brother, sent in 578 to take Yemen for the Ayyubids — his patient softening of the warlord Khattan ibn Munqidh, the false safe-conduct, the arrest as Khattan's caravan left and the stripping of seventy mail-bags of solid gold before his citadel imprisonment became a byword for courtly betrayal. - شخصیت
سيف بن ذي يزن (معد يكرب)
The Himyarite noble who led Yemen’s liberation from Abyssinian rule with Persian help in 575 CE and was made king; his assassination by his own Abyssinian bodyguard ended the royal house of Dhu Yazan and opened direct Persian rule. - شخصیت
السلطان سليم شاه بن عثمان
The Ottoman sultan whom Suyuti's student calls the ninth century's calamity — killer of his brothers, breaker of the East's lord, victor at Marj Dabiq over sultan Qansuh al-Ghawri, then swift conqueror of Egypt. - شخصیت
سليم الثاني
تقریباً 1524 عیسوی · تقریباً 930 ھ†Selim II (r. 974–982/1566–1574) — succeeded Sulayman; his reign ran on Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha's hand: the Austrian peace of 1567, the conquest of Cyprus, Lepanto, the recovery of Tunis and the Don–Volga canal project. - شخصیت
سليم الثالث
Selim III (r. 1203–1222/1788–1807) — refused the powers' peace overtures, blamed the late defeats on estrangement from religion, and when France took Egypt in 1798 proclaimed jihad, answered from the Hijaz to North Africa. - شخصیت
شبة بن عقال
The orator whose 'moon, spring, lion, sea' simile-list crowned al-Mahdi's ten-day ten-million largesse. - شخصیت
شبيب بن ريعي التميمي
The first commander of the Hururiyya — chosen over the twelve thousand qurra' who withdrew to Harura' after the arbitration, until Ali debated them back into Kufa. - شخصیت
شداد بن عبد الله القناني
A member of the Banu al-Harith ibn Ka'b delegation that came with Khalid ibn al-Walid to the Prophet in 10 AH, as Ibn Ishaq names him. - شخصیت
شداد بن أوس
A Companion of Banu al-Najjar and nephew of Hassan ibn Thabit; Ubada ibn al-Samit described him as one given both knowledge and forbearance; he lived in Homs and then Palestine and was buried in Jerusalem, most likely in 58 AH. - شخصیت
شاذي بن مروان
Saladin's grandfather, of the Rawadiyya Kurds at Dvin, who brought his sons Shirkuh and Ayyub to Baghdad and died at Tikrit under a dome; Ibn Khallikan traced the family and found no ancestor named beyond Shadhi — the Adnani pedigree in the scroll he saw he treated as fabricated. - شخصیت
شغب أم المقتدر
Al-Muqtadir's mother — a Greek, or a Turk named Gharib or Shaghab; she founded a hospital endowed at seven thousand dinars a year, and six hundred thousand dinars were looted for her the night of her son's deposition. - شخصیت
شاه شجاع بن محمد المظفر
Shah Shuja' ibn Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar, most famous of the Muzaffarid kings; holding Shiraz and Kirman, he was blinded in 760 with his brother Shah Wali by their brother Mahmud's usurpation, then came to the kingship — his days were Shiraz's golden age of building, learning and verse, when scholars, poets and craftsmen thronged the city — he died in 787, his son Zayn al-Abidin taking Isfahan and his nephew Mansur ibn Shah Wali inheriting Shiraz and Fars. - شخصیت
شاهك الخادم
The khadim who identified Sa'id al-Hajib for the doomed al-Musta'in and carried the Prophet's mantle to al-Mu'tazz. - شخصیت
شهر بن حوشب الأشعري
A Syrian jurist listed by Shirazi among the third generation; Shirazi gives his death as 112 AH and notes Ibn Sa'd's variant. - شخصیت
شهرك مرزبان فارس
Shahrak, marzban and governor of Fars — the gravest threat of the Arabs' coming; he mustered the great host at Rayshahr where Sawwar ibn Hammam stabbed him off his horse, having posted his wadi-guard to kill all fugitives. - شخصیت
شهريار سجستان
The Sijistan commander who traded deaths in single combat with al-A'war ibn Qutba on the day of Aghwath. - شخصیت
شجر الدر سلطانة مصر
Al-Malik al-Salih's slave-girl Umm Khalil; she hid his death through the Damietta crisis, and on Turanshah's murder was raised sultana — the Turks swearing to her — before Aybak took the throne beside then without her. In 655 she killed him. - شخصیت
الشمردل بن شريك
A poet of the Yarbu' clan, associated with the Kharijites and the poetry of heroic valour. - شخصیت
شمس الدولة تورانشاه بن أيوب
Saladin's elder brother — destroyed the Sudanese remnant at Giza in 564, probed Nubia in 568 (taking Ibrim's fort, abandoning the barren country), then in Rajab 569 stormed Zabid and planted the Abbasid khutba in Yemen, founding the Ayyubid conquest there. - شخصیت
الأمير شمس الدين أقوش صاحب حلب
Aleppo's amir, who raised his own Abbasid caliph — 'al-Hakim bi-amr Allah' — with khutba and coin while Cairo hailed al-Mustansir. - شخصیت
شمس الدين إلدجز
Shams al-Din Eldiguz; a Qipchaq mamluk of the Seljuk sultan Mas'ud of Iraq who founded the Azerbaijan atabegate in 531 — his house ruling the Jibal and Persian Iraq for near a century until Khwarazmshah ended it in 622. - شخصیت
شرف الدولة بن ركن الدولة
Rukn al-Dawla's son; he beat and blinded his brother Samsam al-Dawla in 376, took Baghdad, was invested and crowned by a visiting al-Ta'i' — his deed read in the caliph's hearing — ordered a Ma'mun-like observation of the seven planets in 378, and died in 379 leaving it to his brother Abu Nasr. - شخصیت
شرف الدين قراقوش
Qaraqush, mamluk of Taqi al-Din Umar ibn Ayyub (Saladin's nephew) — led a Turkish corps out of Egypt to the Nafusa mountains, allied with the rebel amir Mas'ud ibn Zammam, took Tripoli in 568 and ruled most of Ifriqiya except Mahdiyya, Sfax, Gafsa and Tunis, banking his treasure at Gabes and aspiring to the whole country. - شخصیت
شرف يعقوب بن محمد أمير الحجاج
The Mosuli commander of the Syrian pilgrimage of 620 — when the Arabs massed to cut the road he bought them off with his own money and robes 'taking not a single dirham from the pilgrims', praised by Ibn al-Athir for learning and firm religion. - شخصیت
الشريف أبو جعفر
- شخصیت
بركات بن محمد
Barakat ibn Muhammad, Sharif of Mecca — on hearing of the Mamluk defeat he submitted to Selim I and handed him the keys of the Kaaba; Selim confirmed him as emir of Mecca and the Hijaz with wide powers. - شخصیت
شراعة بن زيد
The wit summoned by al-Walid — 'water is my mule's and donkey's share; wine is my soul's twin' — whose praise of music made him the caliph's boon-companion. - شخصیت
شاور صاحب مصر
Egypt's vizier who twice bought rescue — the Franks through Damietta in 562, then burnt al-Fustat before their siege and called Nur al-Din in 564. - شخصیت
شيبة بن عثمان الحجبي
A hereditary custodian of the Kaaba from Banu Abd al-Dar who joined the march to Hunayn intending to assassinate the Prophet to avenge his father and uncle slain at Uhud; upon drawing close, he was overcome with awe, and the Prophet placed his hand on his chest and prayed for him, whereupon he embraced Islam and fought loyally. - شخصیت
شيبان الحروري
Shayban al-Haruri — the Haruri Khariji chief whom Abu Muslim used against the Umayyads and then eliminated. - شخصیت
شبل بن معبد البجلي
Shibl ibn Ma'bad ibn Ubayd al-Bajali; one of the four witnesses against al-Mughira — flogged by Umar he cried 'you flog truth's witnesses and void the hadd?'. - شخصیت
شهاب الدين الغوري
Muhammad ibn Sam al-Ghuri, lord of Ghazna and part of Khurasan — Ibn al-Athir praises his courage, constant campaigning in India, and the weekly qadi-court at his house whose rulings ran on great and small alike; killed by the Khokkars (or, some said, the Ismailis) at Damiyak returning from Lahore, Sha'ban 602. - شخصیت
شق الكاهن
The famous half-formed diviner of the Arabs, named by al-Mas'udi among the marked-bodied kahins beside Satih, Samalqa, Zawba'a, Sadif bint Humas and Tarifa. - شخصیت
شيرويه الأسواري
Shirawayh the Aswari; he married Marjana, mother of Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad, and built her a palace of many doors — called Hazārdir — for the thousand doors it held, or the thousand asāwira Kisra lodged there in a thousand houses. - شخصیت
شعيب
The prophet of Madyan, son-in-law-by-marriage to Moses, whose people expelling him drew the canopy of fire in Kalamn's reign — distinct from Shu'ayb ibn Mihdam of Banu Hudura by centuries, in a span al-Mas'udi fills with a thousand prophets between Moses and Christ. - شخصیت
شعيب بن مهدم
The prophet sent to Banu Hudura — distinct from Shu'ayb of Madyan by centuries; they killed him after his signs appeared, and Bukhtanassar avenged him at Barkhya's word. - شخصیت
شعبة بن الحجاج
Abu Bustam the mawla of Banu Shaqra of Azd, dead in 160. - شخصیت
شجاع بن وهب الأسدي
An early Muhajir Companion from Banu Asad ibn Khuzayma who migrated to Abyssinia and fought at Badr and Uhud; chosen as the Prophet's envoy to al-Harith ibn Abi Shimr al-Ghassani, ruler of Damascus; later martyred at the battle of al-Yamama. - شخصیت
شجاع أم المتوكل
Al-Mutawakkil's mother — dead Rabi' II 247, her son murdered six months later. - شخصیت
شقران مولى رسول الله
The Prophet's freedman who went down into the grave with Ali and the two sons of al-Abbas at the burial. - شخصیت
شرحبيل بن الحارث الكندي
Shurahbil ibn al-Harith al-Kindi, set by his father over Bakr ibn Wa'il and their allies; after al-Harith's death scattered the brothers' rule he marched on the water of al-Kullab against his brother Salama, and at the first day of al-Kullab Abu Hanash the Taghlibi speared him and carried his head to Salama. - شخصیت
شرحبيل بن السمط الكندي
Arab horseman at the Day of Mihran; in al-Baladhuri he fought well that day. - شخصیت
شرحبيل بن ذي الكلاع الحميري
A Himyari commander of Ibn Ziyad's vanguard at 'Ayn al-Warda. - شخصیت
شرحبيل ابن حسنة
Brother of Junada and Jabir through their mother Hasana; Ibn Ishaq names him with the family of Sufyan ibn Ma'mar al-Jumahi among the emigrants to Abyssinia. - شخصیت
شرحبيل بن سعد
Shurahbil ibn Sa'd — a Medinan mawla of the Ansar and one of the four foundation-writers of the maghazi genre. - شخصیت
شريح القاضي
The famous judge of Kufa; when Ali pleaded against a Jew over a coat of mail he ruled for the Jew, holding a son's testimony inadmissible for a father — whereupon the Jew bore witness to the truth and embraced Islam, amazed that a verdict had gone against the Commander of the Faithful. - شخصیت
شريح بن الأحوص
Son of al-Ahwas ibn Ja'far; he speared Laqit ibn Zurara down the ravine at Sha'b Jabala — though some give the thrust to Jaz' ibn Khalid. - شخصیت
شريح بن عامر
Shurayh ibn Amir of Sa'd ibn Bakr ibn Hawazin; Khalid left him over conquered al-Khurayba — a Persian strongpoint where he killed and captured — then he reached Nahr al-Mar'a and took its palace by treaty from al-Nushajan. - شخصیت
شريح بن هافيء المرادي
in al-Baladhuri, who went to Mu'awiya on Kathir ibn Shihab's account when imprisoned and flogged at Damascus, securing his release. - شخصیت
شريح بن هانيء الحارثي
Shurayh ibn Hani' al-Harithi; when Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra truced Rutbil for five hundred thousand and three sons as hostages, he counselled 'fear God and fight — else you weaken Islam's frontier and flee the death that is your lot' — then charged and was killed. - شخصیت
شريك بن عبد الله النخعي
تقریباً 714 عیسوی · 95 ھ - شخصیت
شريك بن الأعور الحارثي
Shurayk ibn al-A'war al-Harithi — Shurayk ibn al-Harith; Ibn Ziyad's governor of Kirman, who gave Yazid ibn Ziyad al-Himyari a land-grant later sold after Ibn Ziyad's flight. - شخصیت
شويس العدوي
Shuways al-Adawi; he relates marching with al-Ubulla's amir to its conquest, then crossing to al-Furat whose folk came out with spades and were beaten. - شخصیت
سباع بن عرفطة
Ibn Hisham records, from al-Darawardi from his father, that the Prophet put him in charge of Medina when he set out for Tabuk — against Ibn Hisham's own statement that the deputy was Muhammad ibn Maslama. - شخصیت
سيدي بن المختار الأبيري
تقریباً 1760 عیسوی · تقریباً 1173 ھ†A Mauritanian scholar from a learned family, born near Btalmit. He studied the Qur'an, grammar, rhetoric, logic and creed, then travelled widely in pursuit of learning. - شخصیت
صلة بن أشيم أبو الصهباء العدوي
Sila ibn Ashyam Abu al-Sahba' al-Adawi, husband of the ascetic Mu'adha al-Adawiyya; martyred with Yazid ibn Ziyad at Junza. - شخصیت
صلة بن زفر العبسي
Sila ibn Zufar al-Absi; in al-Baladhuri: he was with Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman al-Absi in Armenia, and Uthman ibn Affan's writ recalling Hudhayfa ordered Sila left behind in his place — so he was left. - شخصیت
سيما مقدم الحجرية
Commander of the Hujariyya; at his word to al-Radi the deposed al-Qahir, who refused to abdicate, was blinded with a red-hot nail till his eyes ran down his cheeks. - شخصیت
سيماء الساجي
Chief of the Sajiyya regiment of Baghdad; warned that al-Qahir meant to kill him, he armed the Sajiyya and swore them with the Hujariyya to one word — they stormed the palace, seized the caliph and blinded him in 322. - شخصیت
سمّاك بن تخرمة الأسدي
Simak ibn Takhrama ibn Humayn al-Asadi of Banu al-Halik; in al-Baladhuri Kufa's Simak mosque is named for him — he whom al-Akhtal lampooned for building his family a house, telling him 'you meant to praise me and satirized me'; al-Halik was the first to work iron, for which his sons were taunted; Simak had fled Ali ibn Abi Talib from Kufa and settled at al-Raqqa. - شخصیت
سماك بن عبيد العبسي
In al-Baladhuri, at Nihawand he chased a Persian and his eight riders, killing each as he turned until the man alone sued for quarter — the captive proved to be Dinar of Nihawand's treaty, who thereafter visited Simak with gifts. - شخصیت
سيمجور الدواتي
Samanid commander and father of the Simjurid house that governed Khurasan for the Samanids; he marched in the Sistan army of 298. - شخصیت
سنان بن أنس النخعي
The spearman who finished and beheaded al-Husayn at the Taff — the body bore thirty-three spear-wounds and thirty-four sword-strikes. - شخصیت
سنان بن سلمة بن المحبق الهذلي
Sinan ibn Salama ibn al-Muhabbiq al-Hudhali; pious commander, first to bind troops with divorce-oaths — took Makran by storm, garrisoned it, died at Qusdar, and held the frontier two years after Rashid ibn Amr's fall. Ibn al-Kalbi credits Hakim ibn Jabala with Makran's conquest. - شخصیت
سنان مقدم الإسماعيلية
Sinan, master of the Syrian Assassins in Saladin's day — offered ten thousand dinars for the Marquis of Tyre (or the English king, whom he judged unwise to remove lest Saladin turn free hands on the Ismailis), he planted two monk-disguised fidāʾīs in Conrad's circle for six months until they killed him. - شخصیت
سنجر الخياط علم الدين
Senior Mamluk emir Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Khayyat, governor of Cairo; died 695 AH (1296 CE), although the sources differ on the year of his death. - شخصیت
سِنِمَّار
The builder who raised al-Khawarnaq and al-Sadir for al-Nu'man ibn Imri' al-Qays over twenty years; when the king marvelled and feared him, Sinnimar boasted 'had I wished, I could have made it turn with the sun' — and was thrown from its highest balcony, begetting the proverb 'he was repaid Sinnimar's reward'. - شخصیت
سياه الأسواري
Siyah al-Uswari, of Ziyad's circle; granted leave for a Basra bathhouse. - شخصیت
سياوش بن كاوس
Siyawush son of Kayka'us the mighty, builder of the Kanjadha fire-temple during his eastern sojourn toward China. - شخصیت
محمد باشا الصوقللي
Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (d. ~1579) — the grand vizier who effectively reigned under Selim II: the 1567 Austrian peace, Cyprus, the Astrakhan campaign and the Don–Volga canal; his assassination by palace intrigue under Murad III 'opened the door to evil' in the making and unmaking of viziers. - شخصیت
سبيع ذو الخمار الثقفي
Leader of Banu Malik of Thaqif alongside his brother Ahmar at the Battle of Hunayn; his clan bore the brunt of the Muslim counterattack and suffered heavy casualties around their banner before falling back to Ta'if. - شخصیت
سبيط الدهقان
Subayt, a Basra dahqan; his reedbed fell in the tract al-Mansur took for al-Subaytiyya — short-paid and beaten by the agent, he kept to the caliph's gate demanding the balance till death, and the estate bears his name. - شخصیت
سبكري الصفاري
A Saffarid commander whose army, exhausted crossing the desert to Sistan in 298, was taken wholesale by the Samanids; he was carried captive to Baghdad. - شخصیت
سبكتكين حاجب عز الدولة
Izz al-Dawla's chamberlain; when al-Muti' suffered paralysis and heavy speech in 363 he proposed the abdication to his son al-Ta'i' — and it was done. - شخصیت
صدي بن عجلان الباهلي
641 عیسوی · 21 ھA Companion from Qays Aylan, of the Bahila clan. The sources agree on his tribal affiliation but differ on his name. - شخصیت
سفيان الثوري
تقریباً 715 عیسوی · 96 ھImam of Kufa in hadith, who compiled in the first age of codification and counted the caliphs as five — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz. In year 158 al-Mansur ordered his Meccan deputy to imprison him with Abbad ibn Kathir, and men feared he would kill them at hajj, but al-Mansur died first. - شخصیت
سفيان بن الأبرد الكلبي
Abd al-Malik's Kalbite commander sent with Syrian armies to rescue al-Hajjaj from Shabib — routed him, killed Ghazala and Umm Shabib, and pursued him to Ahwaz. - شخصیت
سفيان بن معمر
Of Banu Jumah; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his two sons Junada and Jabir and his wife Hasana, and died in Umar's caliphate. - شخصیت
سفيان بن أمية بن عبد شمس
a Qurashi who learned his letters then the script from Bishr ibn Abd al-Malik at Mecca. - شخصیت
سفيان بن عيينة
Sufyan ibn Uyayna of Mecca, jurist and hadith-master of second-century Hijaz; in al-Baladhuri: Abd al-Malik ibn Salih wrote consulting him on the people of Cyprus, and he answered 'we know of no people God covenanted with who broke the covenant without their blood becoming lawful, save the people of Mecca whom He pardoned' — their breach having been aiding their allies against the Messenger's own allies of Khuza'a — adding the case of Tajran's people, bound not to consume usury, whom Umar ruled to exile when they did; the consensus being that whoever breaks a covenant has no dhimma. - شخصیت
صهيب بن سنان الرومي
An early Muslim of the persecuted in Mecca who later recalled that when Umar embraced Islam 'Islam appeared, and we sat around the House in circles and took our share back from those who had been harsh to us.' - شخصیت
سهيل بن عمرو
تقریباً 570 عیسویQuraysh's orator and spokesman — the diplomat who faced Muhammad across the table at Hudaybiyya — who converted at the conquest and died a Muslim in the plague of Amwas. - شخصیت
سحيم بن المهاجر
Suhaym ibn al-Muhajir, an agent of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan; in al-Baladhuri: when the Byzantine cavalry came to Jabal al-Lukkam and Lebanon in Ibn al-Zubayr's days, drawing to it the Jarajima, Nabataeans and runaway slaves so that Abd al-Malik was driven to compound with them and with the Byzantine tyrant, he sent Suhaym ibn al-Muhajir to the Byzantine commander, who insinuated himself in disguise, feigning partisanship, reviling Abd al-Malik and belittling his cause until he was trusted — then turned on him with men of Abd al-Malik's clients and troops prepared for the encounter, killing him and the Byzantines with him and proclaiming aman, so the Jarajima scattered and the slaves returned to their masters. - شخصیت
سحيم مولى عتبة
Suhaym, Utba ibn Farqad's mawla; he carried the two khabis baskets to Umar, who tasted them and sent back his famous letter. - شخصیت
سكمان القطبي
Sukman al-Qutbi; founder of the Akhlat state of the Shahs of Armenia in 493 — the strongest of Seljuk Armenia's lesser states though its folk were mostly Armenian — his house lasting to 581 when rule passed to his mamluk Bak Timur then the Ayyubids. - شخصیت
سقمان بن أرتق
Sukman ibn Artuq ibn Aksak; he and his brother Abu al-Ghazi held al-Ruha and Saruj after their father's death in 483 AH, and when the Franks took Antioch in 491 he won renown in the amirs' counter-siege — he left Jerusalem under safe-conduct when al-Afdal of Egypt took it, fought a running war with Kerbogha of Mosul in which his son Yaquti was captured, joined Jikirmish in the 497 jihad that routed the Franks and captured Count Baldwin of al-Ruha, and after Yaquti's killing took Mardin itself, fixing his rule over it with Hisn Kayfa and Nisibis. - شخصیت
سيكتكين الحاجب
Mu'izz al-Dawla's chamberlain; sent with a great host of Turks, Daylamites and Arabs to shield Iraq from the Khurasani army in 340. - شخصیت
صول التركي
Sul al-Turki, the king the Turks named after seizing Jurjan's wall; he met Yazid ibn al-Muhallab on the Khurasan road, was besieged at Dihistan then six months at al-Buhayra till he treated for his life, property and three hundred household against surrendering the town — Abu Ubayda reports him killed. - شخصیت
سليك المناقب
One of the Arabs' famous slave-born fighters — named by 'Amr with 'Antara as the two he alone would fear to meet. - شخصیت
سليمان
Son of Dawud who swore to father a hundred fighting sons and forgot 'God willing' — a lesson the Prophet repeated. - شخصیت
سليمان المستعين الأندلسي
Sulayman al-Musta'in, the Umayyad claimant who led the Berbers against Cordoba, took it at the close of the fourth century, lost it to al-Mahdi at Uqbat al-Baqar, then re-entered by force in 403 — the sack in which Hisham al-Mu'ayyad was secretly killed. - شخصیت
سليمان المستعين بالله الأموي
Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, the Umayyad hailed as al-Musta'in then al-Zahir, who marched on Cordoba with Christian allies and Berbers, defeated al-Mahdi in the great battle (35,000 dead), took the caliphal bay'a in 400 — while Berbers and Christians sacked the city — then lost it again to the returning usurper. - شخصیت
سليمان القانوني
Süleyman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566 CE) — the longest-reigning sultan: four early revolts suppressed, Rhodes taken in 1522, Hungary shattered at Mohács 1526, Vienna besieged. - شخصیت
سليمان بن عدو
Successor of Abd Allah ibn Yasin at the head of the Almoravids after his martyrdom in 450 AH in the Barghawata war; he extirpated their sect from the Maghreb before falling in that jihad in 451 AH. - شخصیت
سليمان بن هشام بن عبد الملك
Hisham's son — in his drinking-companion's tale he dreamt the crowned khanjar-man in Damascus mosque chanting 'sons of Umayya, your scattering and kingdom's end is near', and never drank again before the Black Banners' year. - شخصیت
سليمان بن كثير الخزاعي
Sulayman ibn Kathir al-Khuza'i — the naqib of naqibs who proclaimed the revolution on 25 Ramadan 129 AH, declined its leadership, and was put to death by Abu Muslim. - شخصیت
سليمان بن مرثد
Sulayman ibn Marthad of Banu Sa'd of the Mura'id of Rabi'a; he contested Salm's covenant for Ibn Khazim, accepted Ibn al-Zubayr's arbitration, then refused the award — 'Ibn al-Zubayr is no caliph, only a man sheltering at the House' — and fell with fifteen thousand against six thousand to Qays ibn Asim's sword, his cry 'ya nasr iqtarib', his head taken. - شخصیت
سليمان الحوات
1747 عیسوی · 1160 ھFrom a noble family of Fez, one of the scholars of the Maghrib in the thirteenth century AH. - شخصیت
سليمان بن قيراط
al-Mahdi's mawla, owner of Sahrat Qayrat at Madinat al-Salam; in al-Baladhuri keeper of the caliph's meadows and flocks at Sisar — on his report of the brigands al-Mahdi ordered Sisar built, which he and Salam al-Tayfuri fortified. - شخصیت
سليمان بن قتلمش السلجوقي
The Seljuk lord of Qonya and Aqsaray who took Antioch from the Romans in 477 after three hundred and nineteen years. - شخصیت
سليمان بن قتة
The elegist of the Taff's slain — 'the Hashimi killed there humbled Quraysh's necks; the very earth fell sick at Husayn's killing and the lands shuddered'. - شخصیت
سليمان بن ربيعة الباهلي
Umar's era horse-breeding judge who proved a mare thoroughbred by her drinking posture. - شخصیت
سليمان بن سعد الخشني
Sulayman ibn Sa'd; in al-Baladhuri: Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ordered him in year 81 to transfer Syria's diwan from Greek; he asked to be helped by a year's kharaj of al-Urdunn, was granted it and made its governor, and before the year ended had finished the transfer and brought it to Abd al-Malik — al-Urdunn's levy that year being a hundred and eighty thousand dinars. - شخصیت
سليمان بن صرد
A Companion of Khuza'a, said to have been named Yasar before the Prophet changed it; he fought at Siffin with Ali, wrote to al-Husayn and then held back, and was killed in 65 AH leading the expedition to avenge him, aged ninety-three. - شخصیت
سليمان بن طرخان التيمي
666 عیسوی · 46 ھA hadith scholar of Basra who narrated from the Companion Anas ibn Malik and a number of Successors. - شخصیت
سليمان بن عمر الأهدل
1725 عیسوی · 1137 ھThe Yemeni traditionist Abu al-Mahasin Sulayman ibn Umar al-Ahdal al-Zabidi, born at Zabid in 1137 AH and known as the traditionist of Yemen; he wrote works including a commentary on a versified treatise on hadith terminology. - شخصیت
سليمان بن وهب
The secretary whose warning turned the wavering Turks back to kill al-Muhtadi — 'he will come upon you all and scatter your gathering'. - شخصیت
سليمان بن يقظان الأعرابي الكلبي
Sulayman ibn Yaqzan 'al-A'rabi' al-Kalbi — governor of Barcelona and Girona who met Charlemagne at Paderborn in 160 AH and promised him the northern cities, with al-Mahdi's blessing behind him. - شخصیت
سليمان بن يسار
Maymuna's mawla and 'Ata' ibn Yasar's brother — died at Medina in 107 or 108, aged seventy-three. - شخصیت
سليمان الثاني
تقریباً 1642 عیسوی · 1052 ھSulayman II (r. 1099–1102/1687–1691) — reign of retreat: Belgrade lost to Austria, Dalmatia and Greece to Venice; his vizier Mustafa Köprülü's protection of Istanbul's Christians prompted the Morean Greeks to expel the Venetians and choose Ottoman rule. - شخصیت
سليمان باشا الخادم
Sulayman Pasha al-Khadim — governor of Egypt under Sulayman the Magnificent who led the 1538 Ottoman expedition to India: he garrisoned Aden, besieged Diu, captured a forward castle with eighty prisoners and withdrew when Portuguese reinforcements arrived. - شخصیت
سليط بن قيس
The Badri Umar bound to Abu 'Ubayda as advisor — his counsel: let the enemy cross, keep the bridge for retreat — who answered the taunt of cowardice 'I am bolder than you in soul and tribe, but I advised'; and obeyed though unconvinced. - شخصیت
سميرة الضبية
a Dubba woman of the Muhajirat; in al-Baladhuri she held a turret in the Jibal whence Sinn Sumayra is named. - شخصیت
سمية بنت خياط
تقریباً 560 عیسویAn elderly woman of the first converts, tortured in Mecca for her faith; the tradition counts her the first martyr of Islam, mother of the Companion Ammar ibn Yasir. - شخصیت
سنباذ المجوسي
Sunbadh — the Zoroastrian of Aharwana who rose for Abu Muslim's blood as 'Firuz Aspahbadh', seized Nishapur, Qumis and Rayy, and fell to Jahwar ibn Marrar after seventy days, 137 AH. - شخصیت
صُرَد بن عبد الله الأزدي
He came in an Azd delegation to the Prophet and became a good Muslim; the Prophet set him over the Muslims of his people and ordered him to fight the neighbouring polytheist tribes of Yemen. He besieged Jurash for about a month, withdrew, and when its people pursued him thinking him routed he turned on them at the mountain of Shakar and slaughtered them. - شخصیت
صرمة بن أبي أنس
The Najjar poet whose qasida on the Prophet's coming — 'Thirteen years he dwelt in Quraysh, mentioned, finding no friend to answer' — voices the Ansar's joy and pledge. - شخصیت
سراقة بن الحارث الأنصاري
An Ansari Companion from Banu al-Najjar of the Khazraj; he witnessed Badr and other early battles and fell martyred fighting at the Battle of Hunayn. - شخصیت
سُراقة بن عمرو بن عطية
Companion from the Ansar, of Banu Mazin al-Najjar; martyred at Mu'tah. - شخصیت
سراقة بن مالك
A Mudliji horseman who chased the bounty on the fugitives; when his mare sank beneath him twice he sought safe-conduct instead, and spent the rest of the day turning pursuers away — 'the day's beginning against them, its end guarding them'. - شخصیت
شوري بن حسين الغوري
Suri ibn al-Husayn, king of Ghor; succeeding his brother Muhammad — whom Bahramshah of Ghazna imprisoned and killed for siding with Arslan — he swore vengeance and marched on Ghazna in 543 AH, but the Ghaznavid host deserted back to Bahramshah, he was routed and captured, and in Muharram 544 was crucified at Ghazna's gate — the blood-feud their brother Ala al-Din al-Husayn then took up. - شخصیت
سويد بن عبد الله التميمي
Suwayd ibn Abdallah al-Tamimi; first of the Basran delegation Sulayman sent al-Mansur with the batiha's picture, warning the water would bracken were al-Subaytiyya cut. - شخصیت
سويد بن الصامت
of Jahiliya Yathrib, one who joined writing, archery and swimming. In Ibn Ishaq's account preserved by al-Samhudi he was of Banu 'Amr ibn 'Awf of the Aws, called 'al-Kamil' for his hardiness and verse; he came to Mecca, where the Prophet invited him to Islam — he neither refused nor accepted — then returned to Yathrib and was soon killed on the day of Bu'ath, and men of his people held that he died a Muslim. - شخصیت
سويد بن غفلة
The Tamimi who warned Abu Musa against ever sitting as one of the two arbitrators — and whose reminder years later drew the evasive 'ask your Lord for wellbeing'. - شخصیت
سويد بن منجوف السدوسي
Suwayd ibn Manjuf al-Sadusi; visiting sick, he told Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra 'give me what you gave Ibn Ma'mar and all will be well' — the four-hundred-jarib Suwaydan qati'a was his, and took his name. - شخصیت
سويد بن صامت
A renowned poet and noble warrior of the Aws tribe in Yathrib, called 'al-Kamil' for his valor and lineage; he met the Prophet in Mecca carrying the wisdom of Luqman, listened to the Qur'an, approved of it, and was killed at the battle of Bu'ath before fully establishing his practice. - شخصیت
سويلم اليهودي
Owner of the house where, in a report Ibn Hisham transmits, men gathered to discourage people from the Tabuk campaign; his house was at Jasum and was burned by the Prophet's order. - شخصیت
تأبط شراً
The outlaw-poet whose ghul verses — 'I awoke and the ghul was my neighbour' — head al-Mas'udi's chapter on the Arabs' ghul lore. - شخصیت
طه باقر
1912 عیسوی · 1331 ھAn Iraqi historian and archaeologist born in al-Hilla, south-west of Baghdad, from a family known for learning. - شخصیت
طاهر الجزائري
1852 عیسوی · 1268 ھ†Tahir al-Jaza'iri (1852–1920 CE) — the Damascene manuscript-hunter who helped found the Zahiriyya library and Jerusalem's Khalidiyya library. - شخصیت
طاهر بن عبد الله بن طاهر
Tahir ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir; sent by his father into al-Fuziyya he opened places none before him had reached. - شخصیت
طهمان مولى ابن خازم
Tahman, Ibn Khazim's mawla; wounded but spared on the day of his master's killing — grandfather of Ya'qub ibn Dawud, the Mahdi's secretary after Abu Ubaydallah. - شخصیت
تاج الدين أبو بكر صاحب زوزن
From camel-hirer to the Khwarazmshah's most trusted amir — Abu Bakr of Zuzan conquered Kirman, Makran and Sind, received Hormuz's tribute and raised his master's khutba on the Omani coast. - شخصیت
تاج الدين الدز
- شخصیت
طلحة بن عبد الله بن خلف الخزاعي
Talha ibn Abdallah ibn Khalaf al-Khuza'i — Talhat al-Talhat; sent by Salm ibn Ziyad, he ransomed Abu Ubayda ibn Ziyad from Kabul's captivity for five hundred thousand dirhams, then governed Sijistan for Salm, levying and rewarding his followers until he died there. - شخصیت
طلحة بن عبيد الله
One of the first band of eight; he accepted Islam at Abu Bakr's invitation during the secret call in Mecca. - شخصیت
تمام بن غالب
An Andalusian philologist from Cordoba and Murcia. His nisba al-Tayyani may suggest a seller of tayyani cloth. - شخصیت
تميم بن أسد الخزاعي
The Khuza'i man who escaped the al-Watir night attack when his companion Munabbih fell; the long apology poem to Budayl ibn Umm Asram is his — though Ibn Hisham notes it is also ascribed to Hubayb ibn Abdullah al-A'lam al-Hudhali. - شخصیت
تميم بن زيد الأتبي
Tamim ibn Zayd al-Utbi; Sind's weak governor, of the Arabs' most generous — he scattered eighteen million Tatari dirhams and, unable to read whether Farazdaq's plea named Habish or Khanis, freed every slave so lettered; in his days the Muslims quit Hind's lands. - شخصیت
طنطاوي جوهري
1870 عیسوی · 1287 ھAn Egyptian Islamic scholar with contributions to Qur'anic commentary and the natural sciences. - شخصیت
تقي الدين عمر بن شاهنشاه
- شخصیت
طريف السبكري
An Abbasid commander — Abu Tahir's captive from the Kufa battle of 312 — whom al-Qahir later confined in an oubliette; the deposing troops freed him and jailed the caliph in his cell in 322. - شخصیت
طريف بن مالك
- شخصیت
طريفة الكاهنة
An Arab diviner in al-Mas'udi's roster of famous kahins. - شخصیت
طرخون ملك سمرقند
Tarkhun, king of Samarqand; he honored Musa ibn Abdallah ibn Khazim until one of Musa's men killed a Sughdian, then expelled him and his company. - شخصیت
ترماشين بن دوا ملك ما وراء النهر
Tarmashirin ibn Duwa Temur ibn Halu, khan of the Chaghatayids at Samarkand and Transoxiana; their kingship had lurched after Jafhtay's line until Jankishi ibn Duwa Temur held it — when the throne passed to Tarmashirin he embraced Islam, the first of the Chaghatayid kings in whom Islam appeared at Samarkand and Transoxiana. - شخصیت
تاشفين بن علي
Tashfin ibn Ali ibn Yusuf ibn Tashfin, the last vigorous Almoravid amir; he fought Abd al-Mu'min and the Almohads stubbornly until besieged at Tlemcen, fled to Oran where the Almohads stormed the town and he perished in 541 AH. - شخصیت
توبة بن الحمير
Layla al-Akhiliyya's beloved — the poet whose grave she was sworn to greet; in Hammad al-Rawiya's telling a white dove sprang from the grave and she fell dead beside him. - شخصیت
توفيق الحكيم
1898 عیسوی · 1316 ھAn Egyptian writer born in Alexandria in October 1898, grew up in Alexandria and Cairo, and was a pioneer of the Arabic theatre and novel. - شخصیت
طاوس بن كيسان
Yemen's jurist — his one-line counsel to the new caliph: 'if you want all your work to be good, employ the people of good'. - شخصیت
تيمور أحمد بن إسماعيل
1871 عیسوی · 1288 ھFigure of the Arab cultural renaissance in modern Egypt, from a Kurdish family settled in Egypt; born in Cairo 1288 AH (1871 CE), died 1348 AH (1930 CE). - شخصیت
ثعلب
Tha'lab — head of the Kufan grammar school in Baghdad and al-Mubarrad's great rival; the Basran–Kufan methodic quarrel embodied in two men. - شخصیت
ثابت بن الجذع الأنصاري
An Ansari veteran of the Second Pledge of al-Aqaba from Banu Salama (Khazraj); he fought at Badr, Uhud, and the Trench, and attained martyrdom during the siege of Ta'if. - شخصیت
ثابت بن أقرم
Companion from the Ansar, of Banu al-Majlan. After the three commanders fell at Mu'tah he picked up the standard and then refused command, proposing Khalid ibn al-Walid. Killed in the Ridda wars. - شخصیت
ثابت بن ذي الحرة الحميري
Thabit ibn Dhi al-Hirra al-Himyari; in al-Mada'ini's telling, the conqueror of Qal'at Dhi al-Rifaq. - شخصیت
ثابت بن نعيم الجذامي
Thabit ibn Nu'aym al-Judhami; he rose against Marwan ibn Muhammad when word of al-Walid ibn Yazid's killing came, and Musafir al-Qassab was among those who agreed with his view — al-Dahhak al-Khariji giving him Armenia and Adharbayjan. - شخصیت
ثابت بن قيس بن شماس
The orator of the Ansar; when the Prophet arrived in Medina he spoke, saying 'We will protect you as we protect ourselves and our children; what do we get?', and the Prophet answered 'Paradise'; his first campaign was Uhud, the Prophet gave him the good news of Paradise, and he was killed at al-Yamama. - شخصیت
ثابت بن قرة الحراني
The Harranian Sabian scholar — al-Mas'udi places him at Antioch's ancient temple in 289, when al-Mu'tadid summoned him in the search for Wasif the servant; he venerated it and reported on it. - شخصیت
ثابت بن قطبة الخزاعي
Thabit ibn Qutba al-Khuza'i; he and brother Hurayth held real command of Musa's army through Tarkhun's aid — after Hurayth's death to a stray arrow Musa's men pressed for his removal; he fled, returned with Tarkhun's eighty thousand to besiege Tirmidh, and was scattered by Musa's night-raid. - شخصیت
ثابت بن سنان بن ثابت بن قرة
The Sabian son of Sinan ibn Thabit ibn Qurra, author of the well-known history; he died in Dhu'l-Qa'da 365. - شخصیت
ثابت قطنة الأزدي
Thabit 'Qutna' al-Azdi — cotton-plugged for a gouged eye; he raged for the converts taxed after Islam, was jailed then bailed by al-Ashras, and sent where the Turks killed him. - شخصیت
ثعلبة بن عمرو مزيقياء
Eldest son of 'Amr ibn 'Amir Muzayqiya and ancestor of the Aws and Khazraj; on Razin's account quoted by al-Samhudi, it was he — with his brothers and the Azd who went with them — who drove Jurhum out of Mecca, his father having died before that victory. - شخصیت
ثعلبة بن عمرو الأزدي
The Azdi who turned toward the Hijaz in the Azd migration, lived between al-Tha'labiyya and Dhu Qar, then settled Medina when his sons grew; the Aws and the Khazraj, sons of Haritha ibn Tha'laba, descend from him in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. - شخصیت
ثعلبة بن حاطب
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: of Banu Umayya ibn Zayd. - شخصیت
ثعلبة بن سلامة الجذامي
Governor of al-Andalus after Balj's death; two years of justice until Yamani partisanship ruined his rule — he then sailed east and joined Marwan b. Muhammad's wars. - شخصیت
ثوابة بن سلامة الجذامي
Governor of al-Andalus by Abd al-Rahman b. Habib's writ in Rajab 129; al-Sumayl ran his affairs and the two factions united under him, and he died within a year. - شخصیت
ثوبان مولى النبي
A well-known Companion said to be of the Hakam ibn Sa'd of Himyar, or from the Sarat; the Prophet bought and freed him, and he served him until his death, then lived in al-Ramla and Homs, where he died in 54 AH. - شخصیت
توفيل ملك الروم
The Byzantine emperor whose sack of Zibatra provoked al-Mu'tasim's march — routed by al-Afshin and shielded by the convert Nasir. - شخصیت
ثمامة بن أشرس
Al-Ma'mun's mutakallim boon-companion who dared tell Yahya ibn Aktham the Companions had all erred. - شخصیت
ثمامة بن أثال
A leader of Banu Hanifa in al-Yamama; he was captured and tied to a pillar of the mosque, then released and embraced Islam, came to Mecca for 'umra and said that no grain would reach them from al-Yamama without the Prophet's leave; he held to Islam during the apostasy and fought with al-'Ala' al-Hadrami, and was killed by mistake by men of Banu Qays ibn Tha'laba. - شخصیت
ثمل القهرمانة
The queen-mother's stewardess; when command fell to the harem for the caliph's weakness, she sat for the mazalim each Friday, the qadis and notables attending, the signed rescripts issued in her own hand. - شخصیت
ثويبة
The freedwoman of Abu Lahab who first suckled the Prophet after his mother, with the milk of her son Masruh; she had nursed Hamza before him and Abu Salama after him. - شخصیت
تمرلنك
The conqueror whose rise began in 773 — of peasant stock, a thief and road-cutter who rose through the sultan's horse-master — he 'ruined the lands and destroyed the people' till his death on Wednesday 17 Sha'ban 807. - شخصیت
طغطمش بن بردبيك صاحب صراي
Toqtamish ibn Burdbik of the Jochids, holder of the throne at Saray; he secured the Dasht kingship after Mamay — incited by the dispossessed Shaykh Wali of Mazandaran he rose against Timur, who marched on him; they met in battle and Toqtamish broke, his household scattered, yet he regained Saray — and the war ran on until word came late in 797 AH that Timur had crushed and killed him and seized all his domains. - شخصیت
تبّان أسعد أبو كرب
The Himyarite king through whom Judaism entered Yemen: he went to fight at Yathrib, adopted Judaism there and brought two rabbis of Banu Qurayza back to Yemen, where Judaism then spread; his son Yusuf Dhu Nuwas was the king of the Najran trench, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. In Ibn Zabala's version preserved by al-Samhudi, he came meaning to destroy the town until two rabbis of Qurayza — Suhayt and Munabba — told him it was protected, the future refuge of a prophet of the Ishmaelites named Ahmad, so he believed them and desisted, built each scholar a house and married him off, wrote a gold-sealed letter attesting his Islam and testifying to Ahmad to be passed to the Prophet or whichever descendant met him, and built the Prophet a house that passed through heirs until it reached Abu Ayyub, a descendant of that scholar. The hadith says: 'Do not curse Tubba', for he had become Muslim.' - شخصیت
أفريقيس بن قيس الحميري
The Tubba' Afriqis ibn Qays ibn Sayfi al-Himyari, who raided Ifriqiya and named it; hearing the Amaliq's tongue he said 'How much barbara they talk' — whence the Berbers got their name, while Sanhaja and Kutama of Himyar settled among them. - شخصیت
تدان بن منكوتمر ملك الدست
Tuda-Mengu ibn Mengu-Timur, king of the northern Dasht after his father in 681 AH; he sat five years on their throne at Saray then turned dervish, quit the kingship in 686 and devoted himself to the company of the poor shaykhs — Qalabgha succeeding. - شخصیت
تدمير علج تدمير
The Gothic lord of Tudmir — the district named for him, whose capital was Orihuela; when his people were destroyed he held out, dressed his women as soldiers on the wall, came down disguised as his own envoy and bound the Muslims to a treaty that saved the whole kura. - شخصیت
الطفيل بن عمرو الدوسي
A noble chief and renowned poet of the Daws tribe who arrived in Mecca around the eleventh year of prophethood; warned against listening to Muhammad, he stuffed his ears with cotton but upon hearing the recitation at the Kaaba embraced Islam, later calling his entire tribe to the faith. - شخصیت
طغج
Amir of Damascus; he fought Ibn Zakrawayh the Qarmatian more than once in 289 when he sought the city, then the Qarmatian was killed. - شخصیت
طغرل بك
Tughril Beg, first Saljuq king, of the tent-folk of the Bukhara marches; he took Iraq, suppressed the Rafida and removed their slogan, ruled justly, fasted Mondays and Thursdays and built mosques; in 455 the caliph al-Qa'im's daughter was escorted to him in a gold-draped procession — he kissed the ground before her unseen, sent her jewels and a crown-set robe, then carried her unwilling to al-Rayy — and died there childless at over seventy, buried by his brother Da'ud. - شخصیت
السلطان طغرل الثالث بن أرسلان
- شخصیت
طغرل شاه بن أرسلان آخر سلاجقة العراق
Last of the Seljuk kings, dying in 590 — twenty-two of them over a hundred and sixty years, says al-Dhahabi. - شخصیت
طغرل بك محمد بن ميكائيل السلجوقي
The Seljuk sultan Muhammad ibn Mika'il, summoned secretly by al-Qa'im against al-Basasiri; he came in 447, killed his bought brother Inal, restored the caliph in honour and destroyed al-Basasiri — the first Seljuk lord of Baghdad. Al-Qa'im gave him his daughter in 454; he came in 455, restored the inheritances and makus, farmed Baghdad at 150,000 dinars, and died at Rayy in Ramadan — succeeded by his nephew Alp Arslan. - شخصیت
ظهير الدين طغركين الأتابك
Tughtakin the Atabeg, laqab Zahir al-Din, a mamluk of Taj al-Dawla Tutush; on Duqaq's death in 497 AH he took sole power, proclaimed the infant Tultash then ruled outright when the boy fled to Baalbek — he broke the qummus raiding Damascus, took the Ramsa fort of Tripoli, and met the Frankish kings and counts at Marj al-Saffar late in 520, where he was unhorsed but the Turkman foot fought to the death, massacred the Frankish infantry and looted their camp; he died in Safar 522, remembered as just, upright and devoted to jihad, and his son Taj al-Dawla Buri succeeded. - شخصیت
طليحة بن خويلد
تقریباً 590 عیسویWar-chief of Banu Asad who claimed prophecy at the Prophet's death, was broken by Khalid at Buzakha, fled to Syria — then returned, became a Muslim, and fought in the conquests he had once stood against. - شخصیت
السلطان طومان باي الثاني
Last Mamluk sultan, nephew of Qansuh al-Ghawri — raised in Egypt after Marj Dabiq, fought Selim a while, then surrendered himself and was put to death at Bab Zuwayla; 'and with him the Circassian state ended'. - شخصیت
توران شاه الملك المعظم بن الملك الصالح
Al-Salih's son, fetched to rule Egypt — his father's ghilman killed him in Muharram 648. - شخصیت
تركان زوجة ملكشاه
Malikshah's wife; on his death she hid it, secretly had the amirs swear to her five-year-old Mahmud, and secured his sultanate from the caliph as Nasir al-Dunya wa'l-Din. - شخصیت
تاج الدولة تتش
Taj al-Dawla Tutush — Malikshah's brother, given Seljuk Syria in 1077 and founder of the Damascus Seljuk state. - شخصیت
طويس المغني
One of al-Walid's court singers when the appetite for music seized high and low. - شخصیت
توزون أمير الأمراء
He entered Baghdad from Wasit in Ramadan and was made amir al-umara by al-Muttaqi; estranged, he swore mighty oaths of peace, then seized the returning caliph, blinded him and hailed al-Mustakfi — and died before the year turned. - شخصیت
عبادة بن الصامت
A senior Companion and chieftain of Banu Awf of the Khazraj; he witnessed both Pledges of Aqaba, narrated the text of the First Pledge in Sahih al-Bukhari, served as a naqib, and later participated in all major battles and the conquest of the Levant. - شخصیت
عبيد الله المهدي
Forefather of the Ubaydid caliphs of Egypt; his da'wa appeared in Yemen in 270 and held till 278, when he hajj'd and met a band of Kutama — they liked his state, he went with them to the Maghreb, the Mahdi's first affair. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن الحسن الصنبري
- شخصیت
عبيد الله بن الحسين الجلاب
A Basran Maliki jurist. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن جبريل
A physician, researcher and historian of medicine, knowledgeable about the Christian communities and their doctrines. He belonged to the Bukhtishu family of physicians. - شخصیت
عبيد بن أبي المخارق
al-Hajjaj's officer over Faluja who sought the dihqan Jamil ibn Suhayb's counsel before taking office. - شخصیت
عبيد بن أيوب العنبري أبو المطرب
The poet Abu al-Mutrib whose verses al-Mas'udi cites for the ghul and sa'la — the desert's sworn companion and the male and female ghul of the waste. - شخصیت
الراعي النميري
- شخصیت
عبيد بن شرية الجرهمي
The Jurhumi traditionist whose audiences with Mu'awiya produced the famous lore-book — circulating widely in al-Mas'udi's day though the learned called its tales fabricated romance. - شخصیت
عبيد بن شرية
- شخصیت
عبيدة بن الحارث
A Hashimi Muhajir, the eldest of the three Muslim duelists at Badr; he exchanged two blows with Utba ibn Rabi'a that left both mortally wounded, and died at al-Safra days later on the march home. - شخصیت
عبيدة بن عمرو السلماني
- شخصیت
عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن عتبة
One of the great scholars — al-Zuhri: 'I thought I had attained some knowledge until I sat with 'Ubayd Allah ibn 'Abd Allah; he was as the sea'. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن أبي بكرة
Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra; Ziyad's governor of Sijistan after al-Rabi's dismissal — at Barzan he granted Rutbil peace for his land and Kabul's at a million two hundred thousand, waived two hundred thousand, and concluded at a million dirhams which Ziyad ratified; he held the post until Ziyad's death. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن المهدي
Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi al-Abbasi; al-Rashid's grantee of the Ahwaz musarra'a lands — a doubt arose, men raised it to al-Ma'mun, who ordered them reviewed: what held no doubt was executed, what was doubtful was named 'the doubted' — a practice still known in al-Ahwaz. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن علي بن أبي طالب
Ali's son by Layla bint Mas'ud al-Nahshali — killed with al-Mukhtar's company in Mus'ab's massacre at Kufa. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن خرداذبه
Al-Mu'tamid's boon-companion and author of al-Masalik wa-l-Mamalik, who narrated to him the oud's origin in Lamak's dead son. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن معتر التيمي
Ubaydallah ibn Ma'tar al-Taymi; Ibn Amir's vanguard to Istakhr — met at Bramjard, killed and buried in Bramjard's garden. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن مسلم الباهلي
Ubaydallah ibn Muslim al-Bahili, Qutayba's brother; made over Khwarizm when its restored king was slain by his own for weakness. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن نبهان
Ubaydallah ibn Nabhan; al-Hajjaj's commander sent on Daybul for the pirated women — killed. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن عمر
Ubaydallah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab; suspecting Hurmuzan of counselling Abu Lu'lu'a over his father's murder, he drew him out to see a horse and cut him down unawares. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن يحيى بن خاقان
The wazir taken in 233 after al-Jarjara'i's dismissal — in office until his death. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن زياد بن ظبيان
Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad ibn Zubyan of Taym Allah; avenged his brother al-Nabi by stabbing Mutarrif ibn Saydan dead, then fled to Abd al-Malik — at whose side he fought Mus'ab, killed him and took his head. - شخصیت
عبيد الله بن جحش
Of Banu Asad ibn Khuzayma, ally of Banu Umayya; he emigrated to Abyssinia with his wife Umm Habiba. Ibn Ishaq records that he became Christian there, left Islam and died a Christian, and the Prophet married Umm Habiba after him. - شخصیت
أبي بن كعب، وعند ابن النديم أن تأليف السور في قراءته كان بالبصرة في قرية الأنصار عند محمد بن عبد الملك الأنصاري وأن مصحفه مائة وست عشرة سورة فيها سورتا الخلع والحفد وأن جميع آي القرآن في قوله ستة آلاف ومائتان وعشر آيات {cite:fihrist-ibn-al-nadim p. 67-68}
The 'master of the reciters' among the Ansar, present at the second pledge of al-Aqaba, at Badr and in all the campaigns; the Prophet told him that God had commanded him to recite to him, and Umar called him the master of the Muslims; the date of his death is given from 19 AH to 32 AH, and Abu Nu'aym favours the caliphate of Uthman. - شخصیت
أذينة بن السميدع العملاقي
The Amalekite set by Rome over east Syria, the west and the Jazira — the 'Udhayna' of al-A'sha's famous line — succeeded by Hassan then Amr ibn Tarib, al-Zabba's father, whom Jadhima killed in their wars. - شخصیت
أحيحة بن الجلاح
Uhayha ibn al-Julah of Aws, sayyid of Banu Juhjuba and reckoned among the mightiest men of Yathrib before Islam; the Ghatafani's horse was yielded to him at the Qaynuqa market, his word loomed over the Samir war, and his order to kill Ka'b ibn Amr al-Mazini set off the Juhjuba-Mazin war in which he was routed to his fortress; and when Thaqif's Mas'ud ibn Mu'tib sought the Ansar's pact he refused — 'your brother is the one you left behind' — sending him home with a slave who built Ta'if's first fortress-tower. - شخصیت
عجيف بن عنبسة
Ujayf ibn Anbasa, a Khurasani; al-Mu'tasim's commander against the Zutt brigands of the batiha — given captains, troops and open funds, he staged lean horses to Baghdad so word came within hours, dammed the water against them with great works and took them all, barging them to Madinat al-Salam. - شخصیت
أكيدر بن عبد الملك
King of Dumat al-Jandal, of Kinda and a Christian, according to Ibn Ishaq; Khalid ibn al-Walid captured him, and the Prophet spared his blood and made peace with him on the jizya. - شخصیت
علبة بن زيد
The second of the Weepers, brother of Banu Haritha; Ibn Ishaq lists him among those who begged the Prophet for mounts on the Tabuk campaign when he found nothing to carry them on. - شخصیت
ألوغ بك
Ulugh Beg, son of Shah Rukh and grandson of Timur, sovereign of Samarqand for over thirty years — unique in his age in the rational sciences, astronomy and geometry, yet fully versed in Hanafi fiqh, usul, Arabic, history and the days of men. He built the great Samarqand observatory, drawing astronomers from every quarter on lavish stipends; told that the people said he had not memorised the Qur'an, he memorised it in under six months. His son Abd al-Latif rebelled, broke him, took Samarqand, then slew his brother Abd al-Aziz in cold blood before his father's eyes. - شخصیت
أمير بن الأحمر اليشكري
Umair ibn al-Ahmar al-Yashkuri; Ibn Samura's deputy at Zaranj, expelled by its people who shut the gates — Ziyad al-A'jam's verse: 'but for Umair, Yashkur had perished, and Yashkur is doomed anyway'. - شخصیت
أمامة المزيرية
A woman who spoke two verses on the killing of Abu Afak, addressing him: that he gave the lie to God's religion and to the man Ahmad, and that a Muslim had granted him a thrust at the end of the night which he should take in his old age; nothing more is known of her from Ibn Ishaq. - شخصیت
أمامة بنت أبي العاص
A granddaughter of the Prophet through his daughter Zaynab, whom he used to carry on his shoulder in prayer; she married Ali ibn Abi Talib after Fatima, and then al-Mughira ibn Nawfal. - شخصیت
عمر بن أبي سلمة
Umar ibn Abi Salama, the Prophet's step-son; given four thousand he was defended by Umar — 'I favor his nearness: bring a mother like Umm Salama'. - شخصیت
عمر بن العلاء
Umar ibn al-Ala', a butcher of Rayy; he gathered a company and fought Sanbadh on his rising — brave work — Jahwar ibn Marrar presented him to al-Mansur who honoured and ranked him; he governed Tabaristan and was martyred there under al-Mahdi. - شخصیت
عمر بن الأشعث التيمي
Named after his grandfather Laja, not his father al-Ash'ath. - شخصیت
عمر بن الخطاب
تقریباً 584 عیسویSecond caliph (634–644); under his rule the early community conquered Syria, Egypt and much of the Sasanian Empire. Remembered in Sunni tradition as al-Faruq, the model of just rule. ومن مناقبه في الصحيح القصر الذي رآه له النبي في الجنة فأخلى النظر إليه حياءً لغيرته ، ولبن الرؤيا الذي أوله النبي بالعلم فناوله إياه. ويروي هو صعوده إلى مشربة النبي حين اعتزل أزواجه فرأى أثر الحصير في جنبه فبكى فقال له «أما ترضى أن تكون لهم الدنيا ولنا الآخرة». ورأى حلة سيراء عند باب المسجد فعرضها على النبي ليلبسها يوم الجمعة وللوفد فقال «إنما يلبسها من لا خلاق له في الآخرة» ثم أهداها إليه بعد فكساها أخاً له مشركاً بمكة. - شخصیت
الأشرف الغساني الملك، أبو حفص عمر بن الملك المظفر
A Yemeni ruler of the Rasulid line who wrote on the astrolabe, veterinary medicine and simple drugs, drawing on Ibn al-Baytar and al-Zahrawi. - شخصیت
عمر بن فرج الرخجي
In al-Baladhuri, under whom Nahr al-Maymun's mouth was redirected in al-Wathiq's days. - شخصیت
عمر بن هبيرة
Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari; Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik's governor of Iraq — ordered to survey the grants and seize their surplus, he measured till a landowner answered 'we inherited them from truthful fathers' and the outcry stopped him; the Mahallaban estate is known in the diwan as 'Umar ibn Hubayra's qati'a', granted him when Yazid seized the Muhallabids' wealth. - شخصیت
عمر بن مرثد
Umar ibn Marthad; Sulayman's remnant rallied to him at Talaqan — Ibn Khazim marched, fought, and killed him. - شخصیت
عمر بن سعد بن أبي وقاص
Son of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas; Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad sent him in command of four thousand against al-Husayn with the governorship of Rayy as his promised prize, and it was under his command that Karbala fell. Kufans name him the killer; Ibn Abd al-Barr explains the ascription by his command of the cavalry, while Ibrahim ibn Sa'd transmitted a report denying it. - شخصیت
عمر بن عبيد الله بن معمر التيمي
Umar ibn Ubaydallah ibn Ma'mar al-Taymi; of the ashraf with Ibn Samura at Kabul's conquest — sent with al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra bearing the victory dispatch. - شخصیت
عمر الخيام
1048 عیسوی · 439 ھA mathematician, astronomer, philosopher and poet. Little is known of his life. - شخصیت
عمارة اليمني
The Yemeni poet at Saladin's Cairo — his praise of Yemen fired Turanshah's appetite for the 569 conquest ('I sent his brother far to Yemen lest he take his place'); then a pillar of the Fatimid-restoration plot with its Frankish collusion, betrayed by the informer Ibn Naja and crucified 2 Ramadan 569. - شخصیت
عمارة بن الوليد
A young Quraysh man whom the notables offered to Abu Talib as an adopted son in exchange for handing over his nephew to be killed. - شخصیت
عمارة بن حزم
An Aqaba Companion who fought at Badr; he was with the Prophet when his she-camel strayed, and he drove Zayd ibn al-Lusayt from his litter when he learned what he had said. - شخصیت
أميم بن لاوذ
Descendant of Aram who marched to Persia — whence al-Mas'udi derives the Persians from his son Kayumarth, celebrated even by Islam-era Persian poets as 'our father Umaym'. - شخصیت
أميمة بنت عبد المطلب
An aunt of the Prophet, married before Islam to Hujayr ibn Ri'ab al-Asadi (as printed in this edition), mother of Abdullah, Ubaydullah, Abu Ahmad, Zaynab and Hamna; her Islam is disputed. - شخصیت
عمير بن عدي الخطمي
The first of Banu Khatma to accept Islam, called 'the Reciter'; he heard the Prophet say 'is there no one to deal with the daughter of Marwan for me?', went to Asma' bint Marwan's house that night and killed her, and the Prophet told him 'you have helped God and His Messenger, Umayr'; he then defied his people, Banu Khatma, to take revenge, and that day Islam first became strong among them. - شخصیت
عمير بن الحباب السلمي
Umayr ibn al-Habab al-Sulami; in al-Baladhuri: he raided the fortress of Kamkh with Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal in year 59, climbed its wall and fought on alone until the Romans gave way and the Muslims ascended — it was opened for him, and by that he would boast and be boasted for. - شخصیت
عمير بن الحمام
A Khazraji Companion who, hearing the Prophet's call to a paradise wide as the heavens at Badr, threw away the dates he was eating — reckoning life until they were finished too long — and fought until he was killed. - شخصیت
عمير بن ضابىء البرجمي
A Kufan elder who had broken one of Uthman's ribs after his death — identified to al-Hajjaj at the levy and beheaded, after which the conscripts stampeded to al-Muhallab over the bridge. - شخصیت
عمير بن وهب الجمحي
Umayr ibn Wahb al-Jumahi; he rode in al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam's reinforcement to Egypt, and after al-Fustat's fall Amr ibn al-As sent him to Tinnis, Dimyat, Tuna, Damira, Shata, Diqahla, Bana and Busir, whose villages compounded on Fustat's terms. - شخصیت
عمير بن وهب الجمحي (صاحب تبوك)
Umayr ibn Wahb of Banu Jumah; Ibn Ishaq mentions him in Abu Khaythama's Tabuk report — met on the road seeking the Prophet, they travelled together until nearing Tabuk, where Abu Khaythama asked him to hang back so he might reach the Prophet first. Ibn Ishaq does not state here that he is the famous Umayr ibn Wahb who embraced Islam after Badr, and the two have not been merged. - شخصیت
عميرة بن مالك الخارفي
One of the Hamdan delegation who met the Prophet on his return from Tabuk with Malik ibn al-Namat Dhu al-Mish'ar, as Ibn Hisham names them on the authority of Abu Ishaq al-Sabi'i. - شخصیت
أمية بن عبد شمس
Umayya ibn Abd Shams, eponym of the Banu Umayya; wealthy, he tried and failed to match Hashim's feeding of Quraysh, and when mocked he wagered fifty black-eyed camels and ten years' exile on a munafara — the Khuza'i soothsayer judged for Hashim, and Umayya spent ten years in Syria: 'the first enmity between Hashim and Umayya'. - شخصیت
أمية بن عبد الله بن خالد بن أسيد
Umayya ibn Abdallah ibn Khalid ibn Asid ibn Abi al-As; Abd al-Malik's governor of Khurasan — he sent his son Abdullah to Sijistan with covenant while himself at Kirman. Abd al-Malik later gave him Khurasan — the notables' plea for 'a Qurashi' after the fitna — where Bukayr's coup ended with Bujayr killing him in prison, and Umayya took the broken Khattl. - شخصیت
أمية بن أبي الصلت
The Thaqafi poet — his grandfather (some say himself) having praised Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan beneath Ghumdan's crown — and Abu Umayya's famous lines on the Elephant's crippling at al-Mughammas. - شخصیت
أمية بن إسحاق الأموي
Brother of the Umayyad vizier Ahmad ibn Ishaq whom al-Nasir executed; holding Shantarin he defected to king Rudhmir of the Jalaliqa and guided him against the Muslims, lost his own town to his ghilman, became Rudhmir's minister, then took al-Nasir's aman and was well received. - شخصیت
أمية بن خلف
تقریباً 570 عیسویA headman of the clan of Jumah remembered above all as the owner who tortured Bilal — one of the named persecutors of the weak converts, killed at Badr. - شخصیت
أم عبد الله بنت يزيد الكلبية
Umm Abdallah bint Yazid al-Kalbiyya, wife of Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri; in al-Baladhuri: on the night of the Muslims' night-attack on the Romans at Qaliqala she asked him 'where is your tryst?' — he answered 'the tyrant's pavilion or Paradise', and when he reached the pavilion he found her there. - شخصیت
أم العلاء الأنصارية
An Ansari Companion among those who pledged; she narrated in the two collections the story of Uthman ibn Maz'un's lodging in her house when the Ansar divided the Muhajirun among them and his death there, her seeing a flowing spring for him and the Prophet's words 'That is his deed'; Ibn Hajar judges her the mother of Kharija ibn Zayd ibn Thabit. - شخصیت
أم البنين بنت عبد العزيز
al-Walid's cousin — scandalised by his lounging with al-Hajjaj; his counsel to keep women from secrets provoked her demand for his greeting. - شخصیت
أم الفضل لبابة بنت الحارث
The wife of al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib and mother of Abdullah ibn Abbas, sister of the Mother of the Believers Maymuna; Ibn Sa'd says she was the first woman to believe after Khadija, and the Prophet said of her sisters 'The four sisters are believers'; he used to visit her and she was among the women who bore illustrious children. - شخصیت
أم الشريف
The aunt of Amad's defender whose counsel-letter and verses so pleased al-Mu'tadid he hoped her intercession would avail — her nephew answered 'states are not ruled by women's counsel'. - شخصیت
أم عاصم زوجة لذريق
Roderic's widow, who had surrendered on terms and stayed on her faith under the jizya until the amir Abd al-Aziz b. Musa married her — a charge among those for which the army killed him. - شخصیت
أم عطية الأنصارية
An Ansari Companion named Nusayba, who joined seven campaigns with the Prophet looking after the fighters' baggage, and narrated in the two collections on washing the dead, on women going out to the Eid prayers, and on the women's pledge not to wail; she came to Basra and stayed at the palace of Banu Khalaf. - شخصیت
أم أيمن بركة بنت ثعلبة
تقریباً 560 (تقریباً) عیسویAn Abyssinian freedwoman of the Prophet's family who cared for him as a child and again after his mother's death, and is counted among the Companions. - شخصیت
أم حبيب بنت أسد
Umm Habib bint Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza ibn Qusayy — a Qurashi ancestress of Amina through Barra. - شخصیت
أم حبيبة رملة بنت أبي سفيان
A daughter of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and a wife of the Prophet — one of the Mothers of the Believers. When her father came to Medina to renew the truce she folded away the Prophet's bedding rather than let him sit on it. - شخصیت
أم حكيم البيضاء بنت عبد المطلب
One of the six daughters of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, known as al-Bayda; an aunt of the Prophet. - شخصیت
أم هانئ بنت أبي طالب
A cousin of the Prophet, named Fakhita (also given as Fatima or Hind); wife of Hubayra ibn Amr al-Makhzumi, who fled to Najran on the day Mecca was taken; she narrated hadith found in the six collections. - شخصیت
أم حرام بنت ملحان
Maternal aunt of Anas ibn Malik, whom the Prophet used to visit at Quba; in her hadith he saw people of his community sailing the sea. She married Ubada ibn al-Samit and died on the Cyprus expedition when she fell from her mount. - شخصیت
أم حرملة بنت عبد الأسود
Wife of Jahm ibn Qays; she emigrated with him to Abyssinia and died there. - شخصیت
أم جميل
تقریباً 565 عیسویWife of Abu Lahab and sister of Abu Sufyan; remembered in the sources for harassing the Prophet — the 'carrier of wood' of Qur'an 111 in the commentators' reading. - شخصیت
أم جميل بنت يحجن
Umm Jamil bint Yahjan ibn al-Afqam of Banu Hilal, wife of the Thaqafi al-Hajjaj ibn Utayk; al-Mughira the Basra governor visited her till the watchers burst in and testified before Umar. - شخصیت
أم كلثوم بنت علي
A daughter of Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatima, the Prophet's daughter, born in the Prophet's lifetime; Ibn Hajar reports accounts of Umar ibn al-Khattab's proposal to her, her dower and her children Zayd and Ruqayya, and then her marriages after him to sons of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib. - شخصیت
أم كلثوم بنت محمد
A daughter of the Prophet, married to Uthman ibn Affan after her sister Ruqayya's death in Rabi' al-Awwal 3 AH; she died in his house in Sha'ban 9 AH without bearing him children. - شخصیت
أم كلثوم بنت سهيل
Of Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy; Ibn Ishaq names her among the women emigrants to Abyssinia. - شخصیت
أم كلثوم بنت عقبة
An Umayyad Companion who embraced Islam early and gave her pledge; she emigrated to Medina alone during the truce of al-Hudaybiyya, and when her two brothers came to demand her the Prophet did not return her; she married in turn Zayd ibn Haritha, al-Zubayr, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf and Amr ibn al-As. - شخصیت
أم كرزان
A Bajila woman; in al-Baladhuri she told Jarir when her people returned the Sawad quarter 'my father died and his share is fixed in the Sawad — I will not submit', and when told her people had agreed, answered 'I will not submit unless you mount me on a docile she-camel with a red saddle-cloth and fill my hands with gold' — which was done. - شخصیت
أم معبد الخزاعية
A Khuza'a woman of a tent on the road between Mecca and Medina, who fed the Prophet and his companion during the Hijra and milked her ewe; she described him to her husband when he saw the milk and recognised the man Quraysh sought. - شخصیت
أم معبد
A Khuza'ite woman whose wayside tent the Hijra party passed; in a lean year she let the Prophet milk her worn-out ewe, which yielded foaming milk for all — the context of her famous description of him. - شخصیت
أم مبشر بنت البراء بن معرور
An Ansari woman, daughter of al-Bara' ibn Ma'rur; Jabir ibn Abdullah narrated from her the hadith that none of the people of the tree will enter the Fire, and her words are recorded at the Prophet's last illness, where she said she blamed her son Bishr's death only on the poisoned sheep he had eaten with the Prophet. - شخصیت
أم محمد بنت عبد الله بن عثمان الثقفية
Umm Muhammad bint Abdallah ibn Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi, Salm ibn Ziyad's wife; she crossed the river with him — the first Arab woman across — bore the son he named al-Sughdi, and borrowed the Sughd lord's wife's jewels, wore and returned them. - شخصیت
أم منيع (أسماء بنت عمرو)
A Sulami Companion, mother of Mu'adh ibn Jabal; she was the second woman at the second pledge of Aqaba alongside Nusayba bint Ka'b (Umm Umara), and the tradition also counts her among the Muslims who witnessed Khaybar. - شخصیت
أم موسى الهاشمية
Palace stewardess (qahramana) of al-Muqtadir's household from 298, carrying messages between caliph, mother and vizier; Ibn al-Athir flags her later sway over the state. - شخصیت
أم قيس بنت محصن
A sister of Ukkasha ibn Mihsan, she embraced Islam early at Mecca, gave her pledge and emigrated; she narrated hadith in the two collections, including the one about her small son who had not yet eaten food, and in one story the Prophet said 'May her life be long', after which it was said no woman was known to have lived as long as she did. - شخصیت
أم قرفة فاطمة بنت ربيعة بن بدر الفزارية
An aged woman of Banu Fazara from a noble house, wife of Malik ibn Hudhayfa ibn Badr; the Arabs said that no one could be mightier than Umm Qirfa. She was captured in Zayd ibn Haritha's second raid on Fazara at Wadi al-Qura and Zayd ordered Qays ibn al-Musahhar to kill her, which he did violently; her daughter was captured and the Prophet gave her to his maternal uncle Hazn ibn Abi Wahb. - شخصیت
أم رومان
The wife of Abu Bakr and mother of Abd al-Rahman and Aisha; she embraced Islam early, gave her pledge and emigrated, and died in the Prophet's lifetime, in Dhu al-Hijja 6 AH on the sounder view; the Prophet went down into her grave and asked forgiveness for her. - شخصیت
أم سعد بنت سعد بن الربيع
Daughter of Sa'd ibn al-Rabi', who was killed at Uhud while she was in the womb; she grew up an orphan in Abu Bakr's care and married Zayd ibn Thabit, bearing him Kharija, Sa'd, Uthman, Sulayman and Umm Zayd; a report on the inheritance of an unborn child is linked to her. - شخصیت
أم سلمة هند بنت أبي أمية
تقریباً 590 (تقریباً) عیسویA wife of the Prophet remembered for her counsel at Hudaybiyya and for the hundreds of hadith transmitted on her authority in Sunni tradition. - شخصیت
أم سلمة بنت يعقوب المخزومية
The Makhzumi widow of two Umayyads who wooed al-Saffah with seven hundred dinars — his sole wife, dominant counsel, and the power behind Khalid ibn Safwan's famous beating. - شخصیت
أم شريك
A Companion of Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy whose name and lineage are disputed; some reports say she embraced Islam at Mecca, called the women of Quraysh in secret and was tortured, and that she offered herself to the Prophet, who did not accept, and she never married; Ibn Hajar points out the weakness of some chains. - شخصیت
أم شريك الدوسية
A Companion of Banu Daws of al-Azd; she embraced Islam and stayed among her people at Dhu al-Khalasa, enduring their pressure until some of her persecutors themselves converted; after her husband Abu al-Fakr died she offered herself to the Prophet, and she is reported to be the 'believing woman who gives herself to the Prophet' of Surat al-Ahzab. Distinct from Umm Sharik al-Qurashiyya al-Amiriyya. - شخصیت
أم سليم بنت ملحان
The mother of Anas, the Prophet's servant, known by her kunya with her name disputed; she embraced Islam among the earliest of the Ansar, her first husband Malik left for Syria angry and died there, Abu Talha proposed to her before he was Muslim and his Islam became her dower; she campaigned with the Prophet and carried a dagger at Hunayn. - شخصیت
أم سنبلة الأسلمية
A Companion of Aslam about whom Aisha related that she brought the Prophet milk as a gift; Aisha remarked he had forbidden eating from bedouin, and he said 'They are not bedouin; they are the people of our desert and we are the people of their town, and when we call them they answer.' - شخصیت
أم عبيدة
foster mother and mawla of Muhammad ibn Ali; in al-Baladhuri granted a qatma — the Taqat Umm Ubayda near the bridge are named for her. - شخصیت
أم عبيس
An enslaved woman who embraced Islam in Mecca; the polytheists tortured her, and Abu Bakr freed her. - شخصیت
أم ورقة بنت عبد الله
An Ansari Companion who had read the Qur'an; she asked to go out with the Prophet to Badr to nurse the sick and he told her to stay in her house since God would grant her martyrdom, so she was called 'the martyr'; he allowed her a muezzin in her house, and a male and a female slave of hers killed her and Umar had them crucified. - شخصیت
أم زياد الأشجعية
A Companion of Ashja' who went out with the Prophet on the Khaybar campaign with five other women; the Prophet asked 'With whose leave did you come out?' and they answered that they had come to treat the wounded, hand out arrows and give out barley drink, and dates were apportioned to them. - شخصیت
أم زفر
A tall black woman who complained to the Prophet that she suffered seizures and her body was exposed; he gave her the choice between patience, with Paradise, and a prayer for cure, and she chose patience and asked that she not be exposed, so he prayed for that; Ibn Abbas said 'This woman is of the people of Paradise', and Ata' saw her on the steps of the Kaaba. - شخصیت
عمران بن شاهين
Lord of the Batayih marshes; a village tax-farmer of al-Jamida who fled to the reeds, lived on fish and waterfowl, then drew runaways and bandits, fortified the mounds and defied Mu'izz al-Dawla's armies for years. - شخصیت
أنيف بن ملة الضبيبي
Of the Dubayb of Judham, brother of Hassan ibn Milla; he rode with him and Abu Zayd ibn Amr to Zayd ibn Haritha's army on Milla's horse Righal, and because they feared his tongue they agreed that only Hassan should speak; when a horseman drove them he uttered the old signal to strike and Hassan restrained him; he rode the same night to Rifa'a ibn Zayd. - شخصیت
عقبة بن أبي معيط
تقریباً 570 عیسویA Qurashi of Banu Abd Shams among the documented harassers of the Prophet in Mecca; captured at Badr, he was one of the two captives executed on the march home — a fact the sources record soberly. وفي صحيح البخاري أن ابن عمرو شاهده وقد جاء إلى النبي وهو يصلي فوضع رداءه في عنقه فخنقه خنقاً شديداً حتى جاء أبو بكر فدفعه عنه «أتقتلون رجلاً أن يقول ربي الله». - شخصیت
عقبة بن الحجاج السلولي
Governor of al-Andalus for five years of praised conduct and victorious jihad; under him Muslim settlement reached Narbonne and their ribats stood on the Rhone, until Abd al-Malik b. Qatan rose against him in 121 (or he died at Carcassonne in 123 by al-Razi's count). - شخصیت
عقبة بن عامر الجهني
Uqba ibn Amir al-Juhani; a witness of Egypt's conquest who testified that its people hold covenant and contract written by Amr: secure in wealth, blood, women and children, none of them sold, a kharaj fixed never to increase, and protection from their enemy's fear — 'and I bear witness to that', said Uqba. - شخصیت
عقبة بن عامر بن نابي
An Ansari of Banu Salima, he was at the first al-Aqaba, Badr and Uhud, where he was marked by a green band on his helmet, and at the Trench and the other campaigns, and was killed at al-Yamama; Ibn Hajar thinks he is a different man from Uqba ibn Amir al-Sulami who brought his son to the Prophet, though Ibn al-Athir joined them. - شخصیت
عقبة بن نافع الفهري
Uqba ibn Nafi' al-Fihri; Amr ibn al-As gave him the Maghreb — he reached Zawila, all between it and Barqa submitting in good obedience, their Muslims paying sadaqa, covenant-holders confirmed in jizya, laid at what he judged they could bear: sadaqa taken from the rich returned to the poor, the dhimma's jizya borne to Egypt, tithe and half-tithe from Muslim lands. - شخصیت
عقبة بن سالم
Avenged Ma'n ibn Za'ida in 'Uman and Bahrayn, killing Abd al-Qays and other Rabi'a and Nizar men in Qahtani partisanship. - شخصیت
أورخان بن عثمان
Sultan Orhan (r. 726–761 AH/1327–1360 CE) — took Nicomedia 727, founded the first Ottoman madrasa there under Dawud al-Qaysari, made the army a regular force, and sent his son Sulayman across the Dardanelles to open the European front. - شخصیت
عروج بربروسة
Oruç Reis (d. 1518) — elder Barbarossa brother, named for the night of the Mi'raj on which he was said to be born; with Khayr al-Din he took Jijel from its Genoese garrison (1514) and ruled Algiers until killed in battle. A marble inscription on Cherchell's fort still named him 'al-mujahid fi sabil Allah' (924/1518). - شخصیت
عرماز أسقف جربدة
Bishop of Jarbida (Gerona) among the Franks; in 328 he sent al-Hakam, heir of Abd al-Rahman of al-Andalus, a book with the Frankish regnal list from Qaludiya to Ludhriq ibn Qarla — al-Mas'udi found a copy at Fustat in 336. - شخصیت
عروة بن عبد العزى
Of Banu Adi ibn Ka'b; he emigrated to Abyssinia and died there. - شخصیت
عروة بن الزبير
Urwa ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam; al-Waqidi reports through Abd al-Hamid ibn Ja'far from his father: I heard Urwa say 'I dwelt seven years in Egypt and married there, and found its people fighters bearing more than their strength — for Amr conquered it only by treaty, covenant and a levy fixed upon them'. - شخصیت
عروة بن حزام العذري
The 'Udhri lover dead of longing for 'Afra — she died stretched on his grave, and al-Haytham's account has him die mid-verse by his mother's hut. - شخصیت
عروة بن مسعود الثقفي
Chieftain of Thaqif in al-Ta'if and respected Meccan diplomat; represented Quraysh during negotiations at al-Hudaybiyya and famously reported to Quraysh the unparalleled devotion of the Companions to Muhammad; he embraced Islam in 9 AH and was martyred by his own people while calling them to prayer from his rooftop. - شخصیت
عروة بن قطبة
Urwa ibn Qatiba; he bore Ibn al-Zubayr's writ giving Ibn Khazim Khurasan, six months after the arbitration pact. - شخصیت
عروة بن أذينة التميمي
Bilal al-Khariji's brother — the first to cry 'no judgement but God's' when al-Ash'ath proudly read the arbitration sheet to the Tamimis, striking at him with a sword the horse's haunch took. - شخصیت
عروة بن زيد الخيل الطائي
Urwa ibn Zayd al-Khayl al-Ta'i; in al-Baladhuri sent by Abu Ubayd to al-Zawabi whose dihqan he pacified on Barusma's terms; at the Bridge he fought a fight worth a company's and carried al-Muthanna's report to Umar. Sent by Ammar at Umar's command to Rayy and Dastaba with eight thousand — victorious over Daylam and Rayy's host — he bore the news to Umar himself and was named al-Bashir, he who once carried the Bridge's tidings. - شخصیت
أسامة بن منقذ
Mu'ayyid al-Dawla Usama ibn Murshid al-Kinani, d. AH 584 — the Shayzari emir and man of letters, author of Azhar al-Anhar. - شخصیت
أسامة بن زيد
'The beloved son of the beloved', son of the Prophet's freedman Zayd and of Umm Ayman who had nursed the Prophet; born in Islam, he was twenty when the Prophet died; the Prophet put him in command of a great army, which Abu Bakr then sent out after the Prophet's death; he withdrew from the strife after Uthman's killing. - شخصیت
أسامة بن زيد التنوخي
- شخصیت
أسيد بن حضير
A prominent chief of the Banu Abd al-Ashhal clan of the Aws in Yathrib; when Mus'ab ibn Umayr came preaching, Usayd approached with his spear to rebuff him, but upon listening to the Qur'an embraced Islam with radiant conviction, leading to his cousin Sa'd ibn Mu'adh's conversion and the entire clan's Islam. - شخصیت
عُطَارِد بن حاجب
The orator at the head of the Banu Tamim notables who came to the Prophet in 9 AH; he boasted of his people as kings of the East, Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shammas answered him, and al-Aqra' ibn Habis judged the Muslims' orator superior, whereupon the delegation accepted Islam. - شخصیت
عتبة بن عامر الجهني
Utba ibn Amir al-Juhani; after al-Fustat's fall Amr ibn al-As sent him to all lower Egypt's villages, whose people compounded on Fustat's terms — or, some say, it was his mawla Wardan, lord of Egypt's Suq Wardan. - شخصیت
عتبة بن فرقد السلمي
Commander of the Jazira conquests; in al-Baladhuri he opened al-Tirhan and Mosul and enforced for Tikrit's people the safe-conduct document written them by al-Tusayr and Hudhayfa ibn Mihsan. - شخصیت
عتبة بن غزوان
One of the earliest Muslims, he emigrated to Abyssinia and then to Medina and fought at Badr and after; Umar sent him in the conquests and he laid out the city of Basra; he asked Umar to relieve him of command and Umar refused, and he died on the road in 17 AH, or by another report 20 AH. - شخصیت
عتبة بن مسعود
A Companion of Hudhayl, ally of Banu Zuhra; he emigrated to Abyssinia and arrived in the two ships. - شخصیت
عتبة بن ربيعة
تقریباً 565 عیسویAn elder of Banu Abd Shams who argued for a negotiated settlement with Muhammad — and is remembered dying at Badr, father of Hind bint Utba. - شخصیت
عتبة جارية الخيزران
Al-Khayzuran's singing-girl whose refusal — 'a jar-seller who lives by verse?' — spurned Abu'l-'Atahiyya before the caliph. - شخصیت
عتبان بن مالك
An Ansari of Banu Salim ibn 'Awf of the Khazraj; he built the utm 'al-Muzdalif' which came to Malik ibn al-Mujlan al-Salimi, who said of it 'I built al-Muzdalif for the wars'. - شخصیت
عثمان الأودي
in al-Baladhuri, who tried and failed to wrest Sisar from Murra ibn Ali, losing most of his held Adharbayjan to him. - شخصیت
عثمان بن أرطغرل
1258 عیسوی · 656 ھOsman I (1258–c. 1326 CE) — born the year Baghdad fell, raised to the emirate by the Rum Seljuk Ala al-Din, victor over the Byzantine coalition of 1301, and conqueror of Bursa in 1317 after years of siege. - شخصیت
عثمان بن عبد الحق المريني
Abu Sa'id Uthman ibn Abd al-Haqq al-Marini; he avenged his father and brother on their killers, then ranged the Moroccan marches imposing the mugharim until the tribes — Hawwara, Zakara, Tasul, Miknasa, Batuba, Qashtala, Sidrata, Bahlula and Madyuna — paid him kharaj, and the cities Fes, Taza, Miknasa and Qasr Kutama an annual tax in return for sparing them his raids; he crushed the Zanata nomads in 620, wiped out Riyah of Azghar and the Habit, and kept at it until a Christian slave assassinated him in 637. - شخصیت
عثمان بن عبد غنم
Of Banu al-Harith ibn Fihr; he emigrated to Abyssinia — one of three men Ibn Ishaq names from that clan. - شخصیت
عثمان بن أبي العلاء شيخ الغزاة
The Nasrids' shaykh al-ghuzat — by convention a Marinid kinsman since they were the first to rule al-Andalus for their cousins — whose epitaph Ibn Khaldun copied: eighty-eight years spent 'between a dawn ride and an evening raid', seven hundred and thirty-two recorded ghazwas, dying on Sunday 2 Dhu al-Hijja 730 with his sword still drawn over the king of the Rum. - شخصیت
عثمان بن أبي العاص
The youngest of the six-man Thaqif delegation to Medina in Ramadan 9 AH and its keenest student of the Qur'an; the Prophet appointed him over his people, and he later held them firm against apostasy in the Ridda. - شخصیت
عثمان بن أبي نسعة الخثعمي
Governor of al-Andalus under Ubayda of Ifriqiya; he arrived in 110 and was twice interrupted by the short rule of Hudhayfa b. al-Ahwas. - شخصیت
عثمان بن أبي شيبة
The Kufan traditionist of the Musannaf family — dead in 239. - شخصیت
عثمان بن عفان
تقریباً 576 عیسویThird caliph (644–656); the early community married him to two of the Prophet's daughters in succession. Under him the Qur'an was standardized into a single recension; he was killed by rebels in Medina, opening the first civil war. - شخصیت
عثمان بن بشير بن المحتفز
Uthman ibn Bashir ibn al-Muhtafiz; taken by Ibn Khazim after his son Muhammad's killing at Herat and slain in cold blood — Ibn Khazim's severed right hand was later sent to his sons. - شخصیت
عثمان بن حيان
- شخصیت
عثمان بن حنيف
An Ansari, brother of Sahl ibn Hunayf; al-Tirmidhi alone said he fought at Badr, while the majority say his first campaign was Uhud; Umar sent him to survey the land after Kufa was conquered, and Ali appointed him over Basra but Talha and al-Zubayr took it from him, the well-known episode behind the battle of the Camel; he died in Mu'awiya's caliphate. - شخصیت
عثمان بن مسعود
Uthman ibn Mas'ud; sent by al-Mufaddal with fifteen thousand he camped on 'Uthman's Island' by Tirmidh, tightened on Musa with Tarkhun's coming, and marked him — 'Musa's leap, by the Lord of the Ka'ba' — to his death in 85h. - شخصیت
عثمان بن مظعون
One of the earliest Muslims of the secret call; he accepted Islam with his brothers Qudama and Abdullah. - شخصیت
عثمان بن ربيعة
A Companion of Banu Jumah; he emigrated to Abyssinia and arrived in the two ships. - شخصیت
عثمان بن سعيد الأنماطي
The Baghdadi traditionist Abu al-Qasim Uthman ibn Said ibn Bashshar al-Anmati, named after the anmat (floor coverings and cushions); he died in 288 AH. - شخصیت
عثمان بن سند البصري
1766 عیسوی · 1180 ھA jurist, man of letters, poet and historian from Najd, with contributions across several fields of learning. - شخصیت
عثمان بن سليمان البتي
- شخصیت
عثمان بن طلحة
The keeper of the Kaaba; his father and uncle were killed at Uhud, then he embraced Islam during the truce of al-Hudaybiyya and emigrated with Khalid ibn al-Walid; he was at the conquest, where the Prophet handed him the key of the Kaaba and entered it with him; he died in Medina in 42 AH on the sounder view. - شخصیت
عثمان بن عتبة بن أبي سفيان
Offered the bay'a at the funeral when his brother fell — he stipulated no war and no fighting; refused, he joined Ibn al-Zubayr at Mecca, and the Harb line's claim ended. - شخصیت
عثمان بن يغمراسن بن زيان
Uthman ibn Yaghmurasan ibn Zayyan, second of the Banu Abd al-Wad kings; when his father died at the end of Dhu'l-Qa'da 682 returning from Ténès, he met the bier at Sik, concealed the death to Tlemcen and took the bay'a of elite and commons, writing to the Hafsid al-Mustansir's line for investiture — his father's counsel, per Ibn Khaldun's shaykh al-Ayili quoting Abu Hammu Musa, being never to trust meeting the Marinids in open field but to lean on the walls; he held Tlemcen against Yusuf ibn Ya'qub's 698 siege with Abu Zakariya's aid, the Almohad column broken at Jabal al-Zab in the battle of Marsa al-Ru'us, and erased the Hafsid name from Tlemcen's minbars. - شخصیت
عتاب بن غيلان الثقفي
The man of the famous retort — when al-Walid prayed four for dawn and asked 'shall I give you more?': 'You will not add, and God grant you no more of good; I wonder only at who sent you over us'. - شخصیت
عويم بن ساعدة
One of the Ansar who met Abu Bakr, Umar and Abu Ubayda on their way to Saqifa with Ma'n ibn Adi, and told them what the assembly had agreed; Ibn Ishaq says the Prophet praised him as an excellent man among them. - شخصیت
عُوَيْمِر العجلاني
A companion of Banu Ujlan of the Ansar who accused his wife before the Prophet after the return from Tabuk; the Prophet administered the mutual oath of condemnation (li'an) between them and separated them. - شخصیت
عيينة بن حصن الفزاري
A powerful, mercurial chieftain of Banu Fazara in Najd (dubbed 'the foolish chief obeyed by ten thousand swords'); he witnessed the conquest of Mecca, Hunayn and al-Ta'if with the Prophet, was granted one hundred camels at al-Ji'rana among al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum, came with the Banu Tamim delegation in 9 AH, and later faltered during the Ridda wars before repenting and returning to Islam. - شخصیت
أزبك بن طغرلجاي ملك الدست
Uzbek ibn Tughriljay ibn Mengu-Timur, king of the northern Dasht after Tughtay in 712 AH; Tughtay's lieutenant Qutlutmur pledged him at the Khatun's direction on condition of Islam — he converted, built a mosque for prayer and killed the amir who objected — kept up exchanges with Egypt's kings marrying his sister to al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, and feuded with Abu Sa'id of the Hulaguids sending armies to Azerbaijan and Mughan claiming Tabriz and Maragha for the Jochids, war unbroken until his death when his son Janibeg succeeded. - شخصیت
عزرة بن قيس
Uzra ibn Qays al-Bahili — some read Uraza; Umar's governor of Hulwan who tried Shahrazur and failed, before Utba ibn Farqad took it. - شخصیت
عزرة بن قيس البجلي
Uzra ibn Qays ibn Ghaziyya al-Bajali; in al-Baladhuri left by Jarir over Hulwan when he marched toward al-Dinawar and took Qarmasin, then again when he joined Abu Musa al-Ash'ari in year 19. - شخصیت
وُشمگير بن زيار
The Ziyarid lord of Tabaristan and Gurgan; in 351 Rukn al-Dawla drove him out of both into Gilan while three thousand of his troops took service with the Buyid. - شخصیت
وبار بن أميم
Descendant of Aram who settled the sands of 'Alij and gave the lost land of Wabar its name — his people destroyed for their transgression. - شخصیت
وديعة بن ثابت
Ibn Ishaq names him in the party of hypocrites who mocked the Tabuk army and then excused themselves that they had been jesting and playing. - شخصیت
وهب بن عبد مناف بن زهرة
Chief of Banu Zuhra by lineage and standing; father of Amina and thus the Prophet's maternal grandfather; Abd al-Muttalib chose his daughter for his son Abdullah. - شخصیت
وهب بن منبه
Abu 'Abd Allah of the Persian abna' — died at San'a' in 104 or 110, aged ninety; the chronicles disagree. - شخصیت
وهب بن سعد بن أبي سرح
Companion of Quraysh, from Banu Malik ibn Hisl; martyred at Mu'tah. - شخصیت
وحشي بن حرب
تقریباً 600 عیسویAn Abyssinian slave famous for his javelin: promised his freedom for killing Hamza at Uhud, he later became a Muslim and, in the tradition's account, also killed the false prophet Musaylima at Yamama. - شخصیت
وائل بن حجر
From the sons of the kings of Hadramawt; he came to the Prophet as a delegate, asked for a grant of land and received it, and the Prophet sent Mu'awiya with him to hand it over; according to Abu Nu'aym the Prophet called him 'chief of the provincial kings'; he settled in Kufa, his sons Alqama and Abd al-Jabbar narrated from him, and he died in Mu'awiya's caliphate. - شخصیت
وجاج بن زلو اللمطي
Wajjaj ibn Zallu al-Lamti, the Sijilmasa jurist who sent Abdallah b. Yasin with the Guddala. - شخصیت
وكيع بن أبي سود التميمي
Wak'i ibn Abi Sud al-Tamimi; when Adi ibn Arta'a consulted the Basrans on a canal he wrote 'if you dig us no canal, Basra is no home for us'. Deposed from Tamims Khurasan command for a Dabbi, he swore to kill Qutayba after the Banu Ahthams killing and, missing prayers, answered: how should I pray to a Lord who killed our best as boys and was not angered? - شخصیت
وكيع بن الدورقية القريعي
Waki' ibn al-Dawraqiyya al-Quray'i — Abu Rabi'a, son of Umaira and a Dawraq captive; with Bujayr he stabbed Ibn Khazim and sat on his chest avenging Duwayla, his half-brother slain by Ibn Khazim, who spat back 'you kill Mudar's ram for a brother not worth a palm of date-stones'. A coarse giant: he ate the shoot before him during prayer — 'would God forbid a plant the sky's water raised on earth's clay?' — and answered reproach for wine with 'it washes my urine till it is silver'. - شخصیت
وكيع بن حسان التميمي
Waki' ibn Hassan ibn Qays ibn Abi Sud of Tamim; al-Hudayn's choice to lead Khurasan against Qutayba — 'a rough Arab his clan obeys, and the Banu al-Ahtham Qutayba slew seek him for their blood' — he gave his hand and took their bay'a, Hayyan mawla Maslama their go-between. - شخصیت
ولادة بنت المستكفي
Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, Umayyad princess and famed salon poetess who had her bold couplets embroidered in gold on her sleeve hems; Ibn Zaydun's beloved until she lampooned him as al-Musaddas for courting her black songstress. - شخصیت
وانودين بن خزرون المغراوي
Wanudin ibn Khazrun ibn Fulful al-Maghrawi, second Khazrunid king of Sijilmasa; pardoned by Ziri ibn Atiyya at Fez, he returned to his charge and held Sijilmasa's kingship from 390 under the Marwanid da'wa on Wadih's covenant of a yearly tribute in coin, horses and shields — when the Cordoban caliphate's thread snapped he ruled Sijilmasa and conquered Dra'a independently, leaving it to his son Mas'ud, until the Almoravid conquests destroyed the Banu Khazrun. - شخصیت
واقد بن عبد الله اليربوعي
A Tamimi of Banu Yarbu', ally of Banu Adi; he was at Badr, and he is the one who shot Amr ibn al-Hadrami dead with an arrow in the Nakhla raid, after which the verse about the sacred month was revealed; Banu Yarbu' used to boast that one of them was the first to kill a polytheist in Islam; he died at the start of Umar's caliphate. - شخصیت
ورقة بن نوفل
تقریباً 555 عیسویKhadija's cousin, an elderly Meccan Christian who had studied the scriptures; the man who first told the shaken Prophet that what had come to him in the cave was prophecy. - شخصیت
ورش غلام عثمان
Uthman's servant caught at Hasma carrying the fateful letter to Ibn Abi Sarh — cut this man's hand, kill that one — written in Marwan's hand; its discovery turned the army back to the siege. - شخصیت
وردة اليازجي
1838 عیسوی · 1254 ھ†Warda al-Yaziji (1838–1924 CE) — the Lebanese poetess of Kafarshima, author of the diwan Hadiqat al-Ward. - شخصیت
وردان مولى عمرو
Wardan, Amr ibn al-As's mawla and lord of Egypt's Suq Wardan; some say it was he — not Utba ibn Amir — who was sent to lower Egypt's villages; Mu'awiya wrote to him 'add a qirat on every Copt', and he wrote back 'how can I add upon them when their covenant says nothing shall be added upon them?'. - شخصیت
وشمكير بن زيار
Washmakir ibn Ziyar, brother of Mardawij ibn Ziyar of the Gilanite brothers of the Daylam; summoned from Gilan in 320 AH to back his brother and given the great commands, he took Tabaristan and Jurjan after Mardawij's killing and contested Rayy and Isfahan with Rukn al-Dawla ibn Buya — expelled from Isfahan in 327 then recovered it, lost Rayy to Abu Ali ibn Muhtaj of Khurasan and fell back on Tabaristan, and won Jurjan from al-Hasan ibn al-Fayruzan with Nuh ibn Saman's aid, staying locked in rivalry with the Buyids over the Jibal and Jurjan. - شخصیت
وصيف الخادم
The rebel chamberlain of the Syrian march — hunted down at Darb al-Jubb, he asked only for basil and the histories of kings before dying; his treated body hung on the bridge until 300 AH when the mob fished it down crying 'the Teacher'. - شخصیت
واصل بن عطاء أبو حذيفة
Wasil ibn Ata' al-Ghazzal, Abu Hudhayfa — head of the Mu'tazila and author of the 'intermediate rank' doctrine, from which (al-Mas'udi says) the school took its name; he died in 131. - شخصیت
واصل بن طيسلة العنبري
Wasil ibn Taysala al-Anbari; he struck Musa ibn Abdallah ibn Khazim the final blow in 85h after his horse's fall. - شخصیت
واثلة بن الأسقع
From Banu Layth ibn Abd Manat, he embraced Islam before Tabuk and took part in it; Ibn Sa'd lists him among the people of the Suffa, after which he settled in Syria; Abu Hatim says he was at the conquests of Damascus and Homs; he died in the caliphate of Abd al-Malik in 83 or 85 AH, and in al-Waqidi's account was the last Companion to die at Damascus. - شخصیت
يغمراسن بن زيان بن ثابت
Founder of the Abd al-Wadid sultanate of Tlemcen from Zanata; besieged Tlemcen eight years, took it, was titled al-Mu'tadid and was killed warring for it in 681. - شخصیت
يحيى الخياط الفلكي أبو علي يحيى بن غالب
Baghdadi astronomer and astrologer of the third century AH, a pupil of Masha'allah; died 250 AH (864 CE), though biographers differ on the date. - شخصیت
يحيى حقي
1905 عیسوی · 1323 ھAn Egyptian writer born in the Sayyida Zaynab district of Cairo in January 1905, who held a law degree. - شخصیت
يحيى بن عبد الله بن حسن العلوي
A Hasanid Alid slandered to al-Rashid by Abdallah ibn Mus'ab al-Zubayri, who died the day of their mutual imprecation. - شخصیت
يحيى بن أحمد بن إسماعيل الساماني
Abu Zakariya, son of the Samanid amir Ahmad ibn Isma'il; his brother Nasr imprisoned him with his brothers Mansur and Ibrahim in Bukhara's citadel until the baker Abu Bakr freed them and they rose against al-Sa'id in 318. - شخصیت
يحيى بن أكثم
Al-Ma'mun's judge and boon-companion, his transmitter in hadith — 'were we to discuss medicine you would be Galen, in fiqh Ali ibn Abi Talib'. - شخصیت
يحيى بن البطريق
Yahya ibn al-Bitriq, of al-Ma'mun's embassy to the Byzantine emperor for the stored ancient sciences — with al-Hajjaj ibn Matar and Salm master of the House of Wisdom — one of the translators who carried Greek books into Arabic. - شخصیت
يحيى بن علي بن غانية
Yahya ibn Ali ibn Ghaniya the Sanhaji Massufi; raised with his brother Muhammad in Yusuf ibn Tashfin's guardianship — Ali ibn Yusuf granted him the western Andalus seated at Cordoba, and when the Almohad Abu Ishaq Barraq al-Masmudi took Seville he demanded Yahya's obedience and moved him from Cordoba to Jaen and the Qal'a; marching thence to Granada to bring down its Lamtuna garrison into Almohad allegiance, he died there in 543 and was buried at Qasr Badis. - شخصیت
يحيى بن هرثمة
The officer sent to fetch 'Ali al-Hadi from Medina — 'I found nothing but a mushaf and a prayer-book'. - شخصیت
يحيى بن هذيل الكفيف
The blind master of letters who trained al-Ramadi — 'blame me not for halting at a dwelling whose people made sickness my bedfellow'. - شخصیت
يحيى بن إبراهيم الكدالي
Yahya ibn Ibrahim al-Guddali, chief of Guddala; returning from the hajj he met Abu Imran al-Fasi at Kairouan and asked for a scholar to accompany them. - شخصیت
يحيى بن عمران
chief of Qumm's people; in al-Baladhuri, killed by Ali ibn Hisham al-Marwazi when they rebelled and withheld kharaj under al-Ma'mun. - شخصیت
يحيى بن خالد البرمكي
al-Rashid's vizier, who stopped the canal joining the Red Sea to the Mediterranean with one image — Roman squadrons landing near Jeddah to snatch pilgrims from the Haram. - شخصیت
يحيى بن معين
The celebrated traditionist — among the seven first tested at the mihna in 218, dead at Medina aged seventy-five, most reports in 233. - شخصیت
يحيى بن سعيد بن قيس الأنصاري
A Medinan jurist of the third generation who served as qadi for al-Mansur; Hammad ibn Zayd reports Ayyub saying he left no jurist more learned than Yahya ibn Sa'id. - شخصیت
يحيى بن سعيد بن العاص
al-Ashdaq's brother — rushed the palace door to break it as his brother was slaughtered, striking the prince al-Walid's hand before the thrown head scattered the crowd. - شخصیت
يحيى بن سلمة الكلبي
First of the governors al-Andalus received from the amirs of Ifriqiya; sent by Bishr b. Safwan after Anbasa's death, he entered at the end of 107 and governed two and a half years without campaigning. - شخصیت
يحيى بن عمر اللمتوني
Yahya ibn Umar al-Lamtuni, the chief who joined Ibn Yasin in the island ribat and rose with him. - شخصیت
يحيى بن عمر الطالبي
The Ja'farid who rose at Kufa in 248 — just, bloodless, beloved — killed, his head gibbeted at Baghdad to universal mourning. - شخصیت
يحيى بن وثاب الأسدي
Banu Kinana's mawla, a Kufan diviner — died under Yazid II. - شخصیت
يحيى بن يحيى الغساني
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يحيى بن يحيى الليثي
152 ھFrom al-Andalus; he came to Imam Malik in Medina and studied the Muwatta with him. His recension became the most widely read transmission of the book in the Maghrib and al-Andalus. - شخصیت
يحيى بن زكرويه القرمطي
The Qarmatian who rose in Syria under al-Muktafi, killed in 290; his brother al-Husayn — the mole on his face claimed as his 'sign' — and cousin Isa ibn Muhrih 'al-Muddaththir' followed, styling himself amir al-mu'minin al-Mahdi, all three slain in 291. - شخصیت
يعلى بن محمد اليفرني
Ya'la ibn Muhammad ibn Salih al-Yafrani, amir of Zanata in the Maghreb; succeeding his father killed by a Maghrawa partisan, he founded the city of Ifkan, answered al-Nasir's Umayyad call, took and razed Wahran in 343, beat the Fatimid eunuch Maysur's men at Tahert, and his sultanate swelled until the khutba for al-Nasir rang from Tahert to Tangier — he crossed to jihad in Andalus, then in 347, when the Fatimid katib Jawhar marched west, Ya'la rushed to submit and renounced the Umayyad pact; Jawhar feigned acceptance, sprung an ambush, and Ya'la died choked on Kutama and Sanhaja spears, Ifkan razed and the first Yafranid state ended. - شخصیت
اليمامة بنت مرّ الجديسية
The Jadisite woman crucified by the Tubba' Abd Kulal on the gate of Jaww — whence the plain's name Jaww al-Yamama. - شخصیت
يعمر بن عوف (الشدّاخ)
The Bakr ibn Abd Manaf arbiter who judged between Qusayy and Khuzaʾa that Qusayy was worthier of the Kaaba and Mecca, laying the blood Qusayy had spilled beneath his feet, i.e. waived, while awarding blood-money for Khuzaʾa’s dead; from that ruling he was called al-Shaddakh. - شخصیت
يامين بن عمير النضري
Ibn Ishaq names him in a report that reached him: he met Abu Layla and Abdullah ibn al-Mughaffal weeping and gave them a camel and provisioned them with dates. - شخصیت
يموت بن المزرع
The Basran littérateur, al-Jahiz's nephew, who never visited the sick lest they take omen from his name 'he dies'. - شخصیت
يقطين بن موسى
The envoy sent to strip Abu Muslim of the war-treasury — his triple-divorce oath that he came only to congratulate disarmed the conqueror. - شخصیت
يعقوب
Son of Ishaq, father of Yusuf — named in Bukhari's prophetic chain. - شخصیت
يعقوب المنصور الموحدي
The Almohad caliph al-Mansur, victor of Alarcos — dark, tall, handsome and sonorous, versed in usul, furu', chancery, history, geometry and medicine; when the truce with Alfonso of Castile lapsed at the end of 590 he fell deathly ill at Salé on the eve of the campaign, then rose and broke the Franks. - شخصیت
يعقوب بن السكيت
The imam of Arabic, tutor to al-Mutawakkil's sons; asked in 244 'who is dearer — al-Mu'tazz and al-Mu'ayyad or al-Hasan and al-Husayn?' he answered 'Qanbar, Ali's mawla, is better than both' — the Turks trampled his belly till he died; or his tongue was torn out and the blood-money sent to his son. - شخصیت
يعقوب بن داود
Ya'qub b. Dawud, client of Ibn Khazim the Khurasan governor and secretary to Ibrahim b. 'Abd Allah who rose against al-Mahdi and died in 145; Abu Hanash al-Hilali, a hundred years old, mourned him in verses preserved in the Hamasa. - شخصیت
يعقوب بن كلس
تقریباً 930 عیسوی · 318 ھWazir of the Fatimid al-Aziz; a Baghdad Jew by birth who claimed descent from Aaron — or, some said, from al-Samaw'al b. Adiya of the famous faithfulness — who learned secretarial craft at Bab al-Qazz, reached Egypt in 331 and rose from stewarding Kafur al-Ikhshidi's house to countersigning every dinar in his diwans; converted on 18 Sha'ban 356, fled Ibn al-Furat's purge to al-Mu'izz in the Maghreb, and per Ibn Zulaq was the first vizier of the Fatimid state in Egypt, taking office 18 Ramadan 368. He kept a Friday-night majlis where he read his own compositions to judges, jurists, qurra' and grammarians, staffed his house with Qur'an and hadith copyists, wrote a fiqh compendium from what he heard of al-Mu'izz and al-Aziz, and the Cairene quarter al-Waziriyya inside Bab Sa'ada is said to be named for his retainers. He died of a stroke on 5 Dhu al-Hijja 380 — shrouded in fifty cloths, mourned by a hundred poets, with al-Aziz himself riding uncanopied to pray over him. - شخصیت
يعقوب بن الليث الصفار
- شخصیت
يعقوب بن صابر المنجنيقي
تقریباً 1159 عیسوی · 554 ھYa'qub ibn Sabir al-Munajjiniqi 'Najm al-Din' — Baghdadi master of the mangonel corps turned poet, author of the unfinished military treatise Umdat al-Salik on siegecraft, fortification and stratagems, and of the verse anthology Maghani al-Ma'ani; favoured by the caliph al-Nasir and followed by Ibn Khallikan's generation 'as though I had lived with him'. - شخصیت
ياقوت الحموي
1179 عیسوی · 575 ھA geographer and lexicographer, author of Mu'jam al-Buldan and Mu'jam al-Udaba'. - شخصیت
يارجوج التركي
The Turkish commander in Bayakbak's ambush whose house received the fleeing al-Muhtadi. - شخصیت
يعرب بن قحطان
Son of Qahtan who led his following into Yemen chanting his own verses — the first, in this genealogy, of the Arabic-speaking nations alongside Jurhum, 'Ad, 'Abil, Jadis, Thamud, 'Amaliq, Tasm, Wabar and Abd Dakhmi. - شخصیت
يسار راعي لقاح النبي
A slave the Prophet acquired in the raid on Muharib and Banu Tha'laba and set over his milch-camels grazing near al-Jamma'; a party of Qays Kubba of Bajila who had been cured by the camels' milk slaughtered him and drove thorns into his eyes, and the Prophet punished them with amputation and blinding. - شخصیت
ياسين بي (موس ديف)
1973 عیسوی · 1393 ھ†The Muslim American rapper of 'Black on Both Sides' — among the most celebrated Muslim artists in hip-hop. - شخصیت
ياسر بن عامر
Father of Ammar and husband of Sumayya; the whole family was tortured by the polytheists, and Yasir died under torture while the Prophet told them 'Patience, family of Yasir — your appointed place is Paradise.' - شخصیت
ياسر رخلة
The servant ordered to fetch Ja'far's head — granted his own death the moment it was laid before al-Rashid: 'I cannot look on Ja'far's killer'. - شخصیت
يستاسف الملك
King Yastasif who emptied the Isfahan hill-temple Maris of its idols on his conversion to Magianism and made it his fire-temple — still revered by the Magians in al-Mas'udi's day. - شخصیت
يثرب بن قاتية
Yathrib ibn Qatiya ibn Mahlil — the eponym of Medina, who settled it with his sons and followers until some calamity destroyed them, mourned in their poets' verse. - شخصیت
يزيد الجرشي أبو سالم
Yazid al-Jarrashi, Abu Salim ibn Yazid; sent by Ibn Amir he took Rustaq Zam of Naysabur by force, then Bakharz and Juwayn with captives. - شخصیت
يزيد الرقاشي
The traditionist-companion whose night-session tale of the tribe-hopping Tanukhi and the satirist slave-girl delighted al-Saffah; via al-Haytham ibn 'Adi. - شخصیت
يزيد بن عبد المدان
A member of the Banu al-Harith ibn Ka'b delegation of 10 AH; it was he who answered the Prophet's fourth question, we are the ones who advance when rebuked, and told him they praised neither him nor Khalid but God who had guided them. - شخصیت
يزيد بن عبد الملك
71 ھThe ninth Umayyad caliph, Abu Khalid, born in year 71; he took the caliphate after Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz by his brother Sulayman's designation. On accession he declared 'follow the sira of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz' — forty elders testified there is no reckoning or torment upon caliphs — yet per Ibn al-Majishun he kept Umar's ways forty days then turned aside. In year two Yazid ibn al-Muhallab rose and was routed by Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik at al-Aqr. He died in late Sha'ban 105. - شخصیت
يزيد بن أبي كبشة السكسكي
Yazid ibn Abi Kabsha al-Saksaki; Sulayman's Sind governor who had Muhammad ibn al-Qasim carried bound — dead eighteen days after reaching the land. - شخصیت
يزيد بن الأصم
Maymuna's nephew, of Raqqa — died under Yazid II. - شخصیت
يزيد بن الحصين بن نمير
al-Husayn ibn Numayr's son — his arrow killed Sulayman ibn Surad, the Penitents' chief, at 'Ayn al-Warda. - شخصیت
يزيد بن المحجل
A member of the Banu al-Harith ibn Ka'b delegation that came with Khalid ibn al-Walid to the Prophet in 10 AH, as Ibn Ishaq names him. - شخصیت
يزيد بن القعقاع
660 عیسوی · 40 ھOne of the ten well-known canonical reciters, from Medina. - شخصیت
يزيد بن عاصم المحاربي
Named by some as the first to raise the hukm at Siffin — variants name 'Urwa ibn Udhayna or a Sa'dite of Banu Zayd Manat. - شخصیت
يزيد بن هارون الواسطي
The Wasit traditionist giant — born 117, dead 206, his father having served the kitchens of Ziyad, Mus'ab and al-Hajjaj. - شخصیت
يزيد بن هشام بن عبد الملك
- شخصیت
يزيد بن حجبة
Yazid ibn Hujba ibn Amir of Taym Allah ibn Tha'laba ibn Ukaba; Ali made him governor of Rayy and Dastaba, he cheated and shorted the kharaj, Ali jailed him, he broke out and fled to Mu'awiya in Syria. - شخصیت
يزيد بن هزيل كل العزي
Yazid ibn Huzayl Kal al-Azzi; sent by Musa against Ziyad al-Qasir — wounded, he asked quarter yet took a head-blow that killed him in seven days — while Yazid escaped by throwing himself into the Saghaniyan river. - شخصیت
يزيد بن مزيد
Yazid ibn Mazyad; Ma'n's vanguard to Rukhkhaj — after the Kharijites killed Ma'n at Bust he slew them to a man, held Sijistan with a heavy hand until forged letters to al-Mansur brought his dismissal, imprisonment and confiscation; released, he hid in Madinat al-Salam, fought the Kharijites on the bridge, and rose under Yusuf al-Barm in Khurasan. - شخصیت
يزيد بن معاوية
Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, second Umayyad caliph; in al-Baladhuri: when Mu'awiya died and his son Yazid succeeded, he withdrew the garrison his father had stationed in Cyprus and ordered their city demolished — Muhammad ibn Musaffa's report holds he was bribed with great wealth to withdraw them, whereupon the Cypriots demolished their city and mosques; it was he who laid kharaj on the Samaritans' lands in the Jordan, at five dinars on every man's head. - شخصیت
يزيد بن محمد المهلبي
The poet; when al-Mutawakkil resolved to dwell at Damascus he warned 'the lovely woman is worn out by divorce' — the caliph returned; he later elegized him 'a caliph none attained what he attained'. - شخصیت
يزيد بن ربيعة بن مفرغ
A poet of the Himyar tribe, whose poetry belongs to the Umayyad period. The sources differ on his father's name. - شخصیت
يزيد بن تزوان هبنقة العائشي
Yazid ibn Tazwan, called Habanqa al-'A'ishi; singled out in Sulayman's first khutba — the man who prized fattened camels saying 'I do not mend what God has corrupted' — while Sulayman favored the rich. - شخصیت
يزيد بن عمر الأسيدي
Yazid ibn Umar al-Usaydi, lieutenant of Adi ibn Arta; the canal called Yazidān at Basra bears his name — a man of standing in his time. - شخصیت
يزيد بن عمر بن هبيرة
Yazid ibn Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari, the last Umayyad governor of Iraq; in al-Baladhuri he built a city on Kufa's Euphrates side, left it unfinished on Marwan's letter ordering him to shun the Kufans' neighborhood, and built Qasr Ibn Hubayra near Sura's bridge — which Abu al-Abbas then occupied as al-Hashimiyya; he also repaired Kufa's pontoon. - شخصیت
يزيد بن زمعة
A Qurashi Companion from Banu al-Muttalib (nephew of Sawda bint Zam'a); at the Battle of Hunayn, his spirited horse named al-Janah bolted and threw him, leading to his martyrdom. - شخصیت
يزيد بن زياد بن ربيعة الحميري
Yazid ibn Ziyad ibn Rabi'a ibn Mufarri' al-Himyari; granted Kirman land at Ibn Ziyad's letter to Shurayk, sold after Ibn Ziyad's flight from Basra. - شخصیت
يزيد بن زياد بن أبيه
Yazid ibn Ziyad; marched on Kabul's breakers who had taken his brother Abu Ubayda, fought them at Junza, and fell with many of his men. - شخصیت
يحنة بن رؤبة
The master of Ayla; he came to the Prophet at Tabuk, made peace with him and paid the jizya, and the Prophet wrote him a letter of safe-conduct. - شخصیت
يونس
Yunus ibn Matta: the Prophet said no servant should claim to be better than him. - شخصیت
يونس المخارقي
Yunus al-Mukhariqi — eponym of the Yunusiyya fuqara'; a majdhub with no shaykh, his companions saying he was 'drawn' straight to the path, credited with karamat like foreseeing a caravan's safety between Sinjar and 'Ana and ordering a shroud for his son's mother while she was still well; died 619 AH at al-Qunayya near Dara aged about ninety, his tomb still visited. - شخصیت
يونس بن عبد الأعلى
Al-Shafi'i's Egyptian pupil al-Sadafi, died 264 aged ninety-two. - شخصیت
يونس بن حبيب النحوي
Yunus ibn Habib, Basra's grammarian; 'I lived when the houses of Ziyad and Ibn Amir stood estranged over the Ubulla canal Ziyad completed without him'. - شخصیت
يونس بن عبيد
- شخصیت
يوسف
Prophet son of a prophet: 'the noble son of the noble son of the noble son of the noble', and the Prophet would have answered the call even after Yusuf's years in prison. - شخصیت
يوسف الأسير
1817 عیسوی · 1232 ھFrom a family of Sidon known by the nickname al-Asir. He grew up in Sidon, memorized the Qur'an and went to Damascus in 1832 to study. - شخصیت
يوسف البياسي
تقریباً 1177 عیسوی · 573 ھAbu al-Hajjaj Yusuf al-Bayyasi — the Andalusi hafiz who carried the Hamasa, the Six Diwans, al-Mutanabbi's and al-Ma'arri's collections in memory; at Tunis he wrote for the Hafsid amir Abu Zakariya the I'lam bil-Hurub from 'Umar's murder to al-Walid ibn Tarif's revolt, and his own Hamasa arranged on Abu Tammam's pattern, finished Shawwal 646. - شخصیت
يوسف الهمذاني
تقریباً 1048 عیسوی · 440 ھAbu Ya'qub Yusuf al-Hamadhani — the ascetic jurist of Buzanjird who outshone his peers in Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's Baghdad circle, then abandoned disputation for devotion, preached at the Nizamiyya in 515, and gathered at his Merv ribat such a company of seekers that al-Sam'ani said the training of sincere murids ended with him; died at Bamiyyin in Rabi' I 535 and was carried back to Merv. - شخصیت
يوسف السيرافي
تقریباً 941 عیسوی · 330 ھAbu Muhammad Yusuf al-Sirafi — 'the excellent son of the excellent', who succeeded his father Abu Sa'id in his majlis, completed his al-Iqna', and wrote the indispensable commentary on Sibawayh's verses plus shuruh on Islah al-Mantiq, al-Majaz and Gharib al-Musannaf; al-Ma'arri tells he abandoned his grocer's shop in a flash of wounded pride and worked with four hundred diwans open before him. - شخصیت
يوسف بلكين بن زيري
Son of Ziri ibn Manad the Sanhaji; al-Mu'izz left him over the Maghrib on departing for Egypt, and al-Aziz confirmed him over Ifriqiya in 365, whence his power grew. - شخصیت
السلطان يوسف الأول أبو الحجاج النصري
Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Ismail ibn Nasr, sultan of Granada; killed by stabbing at the Eid musalla on the day of Fitr 755 AH by an infiltrated black man whose intrusion was attributed to some of the palace slave-women, per Ibn Khaldun's account — whereupon the Andalusians installed his son Muhammad V while his mawla Ridwan held him under ward and ruled over him. - شخصیت
يوسف بن عبد الرحمن الفهري
Last of the old governors of al-Andalus; when the jund agreed to alternate the amirate yearly between Qays and Yaman he broke the pact, massacring the Yamani leaders by night at Shaqunda, and ruled alone until Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil came. - شخصیت
يوسف بن أبي الساج
Abbasid commander sent from Wasit against Abu Tahir the Qarmatian; reaching Kufa a day after him he scorned their fewness, had the victory despatch drafted before battle, and was defeated and captured at sunset on Saturday of Shawwal 315. - شخصیت
الموفق ابن الخلال
al-Muwaffaq 'Ibn al-Khallal' — Fatimid head of the diwan al-insha' under al-Hafiz, called by Imad al-Din 'Egypt's eye and the pupil of its eye'; the al-Qadi al-Fadil anecdote has him admitting the boy on the strength of the Qur'an and the Hamasa alone and making him parse the Hamasa twice; he outlived his faculties and died 23 Jumada II 566. - شخصیت
يوسف بن درة
Yusuf ibn Durra 'Ibn al-Darra' — the sharp young Mosuli poet who perished with the Hajj caravan in 545 AH when the Za'b of Sulaym fell upon it and multitudes died by sword, hunger and thirst; his verses were gathered in Imad al-Din's Kharida and al-Haziri's Zinat al-Dahr. - شخصیت
يوسف بن إبراهيم الكاتب
Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi's secretary — author of the physicians-at-court book and the 'varieties of reports' on his master. - شخصیت
يوسف بن محمد بن يوسف المروزي
Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Marwazi; al-Mutawakkil gave him Armenia for two years of his caliphate — he seized Buqrat ibn Ashut, patrikios of Khilat, and carried him to Samarra, and his agent al-Mala' ibn Ahmad violated Dayr al-Aqdah in Sisajan, whereupon the patrikioses conspired and sent to the Khwaythiyya (the Aztan), who ambushed him at Batrun while his men were dispersed among the villages, killed him and seized all in his camp. - شخصیت
يوسف بن تاشفين أمير المسلمين
Lord of Sabta and Marrakesh; in 479 he asked al-Muqtadi for investiture — the robes, banners and title amir al-muslimin came, to the Maghreb jurists' joy. He founded Marrakesh. - شخصیت
يوسف بن عمر الثقفي
Yusuf ibn Umar ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi Aqil al-Thaqafi, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf's cousin; in al-Baladhuri Hisham's governor over Iraq, for whom Hira's Suq Yusuf is named. - شخصیت
يوسف بن يعقوب القاضي
Al-Mu'tadid's qadi of Baghdad for the East Side — Abu Hazim, whose sons the poet lampooned. - شخصیت
يوسف إسلام
1948 عیسوی · 1367 ھ†The British singer formerly Cat Stevens; embraced Islam in 1977 and later recorded Islamic and educational albums. - شخصیت
زادان فروخ
Zadanfarrukh; he dug the canal in Mahallaban, al-Mughira ibn al-Muhallab's estate, and the canal took his name. - شخصیت
زادويه مولى بني العنبر
The third Meccan conspirator with Ibn Muljam and al-Burak — assigned 'Amr ibn al-'As and missing him on the appointed dawn; the Tarikh al-Khulafa recension names the third 'Amr ibn Bakr instead. - شخصیت
زاذان فروخ
- شخصیت
زادان فروخ بن بيري
al-Hajjaj's scribe; in al-Baladhuri employed when he took Iraq, Salih ibn Abd al-Rahman writing Arabic and Persian before him — he presented Salih to al-Hajjaj, then confided fear of being displaced by him. - شخصیت
زاذويه مرزبان سرخس
Zadhuya, marzban of Sarakhs; he sued for peace on aman for a hundred men and the handing over of its women — his daughter fell to Ibn Khazim, named Maysha' — or, in the other telling, the named hundred excluded himself and he was killed, the town entered by force. - شخصیت
زائدة بن عمير الطائي
Za'ida ibn Umayr al-Ta'i; distinguished himself the day Multan's folk fought Muhammad ibn al-Qasim. - شخصیت
زكريا بن يحيى الساجي
- شخصیت
زكي الأرسوزي
1900 عیسوی · 1318 ھA Syrian thinker and teacher from Latakia, named after the village of Arsuz in the Alexandretta sanjak. He wrote on philosophy, education and Arab nationalist thought. - شخصیت
زمعة بن الأسود بن المطلب بن أسد
A Quraysh notable named in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account of the boycott covenant (pp. 110–111). - شخصیت
زرارة بن عدس
Zurara ibn Udas al-Tamimi, the Darimi chief who fostered Amr ibn al-Mundhir's son As'ad; after the king's failed raid he counselled the turn on Tayy', which earned him their hatred, and on his deathbed he charged his son Hajib and his nephew with the account of Amr ibn Mulqit, the Tayyi' who had urged the king against him. - شخصیت
زرادشت بن أسبيمان
Founder-figure of the Magian creed — builder of the first fire temples after the early Persian kings, including the Nishapur house. - شخصیت
زرقاء اليمامة
The far-sighted woman of Jadis — three nights' sight — who warned her people of trees marching and was disbelieved; Hassan's sack followed, her eyes were drawn to reveal the antimony veins of the first kohl, and she was crucified on Jaww's gate, whence the town took her name. - شخصیت
زوبعة الكاهنة
One of the Arab kahins marked, in al-Mas'udi's report, by bodily defect — listed with Shiqq, Satih, Sammalqa, Sadif, Tarifa, Muzayqiya's brother, Haritha, Juhayna and the Bahila seeress. - شخصیت
زيد الخيل
Chief of Tayy' whose delegation came to Medina in the Year of Delegations; the Prophet renamed him Zayd al-Khayr ('the good') and said no Arab praised to him had ever fallen short of the praise except this man. - شخصیت
زيد بن عبد الله بن أبي مليكة القرشي
Zayd ibn Abdallah ibn Abi Mulayka ibn Abdallah ibn Jud'an al-Qurashi; martyred with Yazid ibn Ziyad at Junza in the Kabul battle. - شخصیت
زيد بن عدي العبادي
The courtier whose intrigue at Khosrow's court turned the king against al-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir of al-Hira, who was summoned and imprisoned until his death, the first link in the chain that ended at Dhu Qar, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. - شخصیت
زيد بن الحسن بن علي
- شخصیت
زيد بن الخطاب
Umar's older brother, who embraced Islam before him; he fought at Badr and the later campaigns and carried the Muslim banner at al-Yamama in 12 AH, where he was killed; Umar said when he fell: 'He beat me to the two good things: he embraced Islam before me and was martyred before me.' - شخصیت
زيد بن اللصيت القينقاعي
He was in the litter of Umara ibn Hazm, and Ibn Ishaq calls him a hypocrite; a saying about the Prophet's strayed she-camel was attributed to him, to which the Prophet answered by announcing where the camel was. People differ on his repentance. - شخصیت
زيد بن عمرو
تقریباً 560 عیسویA Meccan seeker who rejected the idols of his people and sought 'the religion of Abraham' years before the Prophet's mission — the tradition's example of the hanif, the indigenous monotheist. - شخصیت
زيد بن أرقم
A Khazraji Companion, judged too young at Uhud, who campaigned with the Prophet in seventeen expeditions; he reported the words of Abdullah ibn Ubayy and the sura al-Munafiqun was revealed confirming him; he was at Siffin with Ali and died in Kufa. - شخصیت
زيد بن حارثة
تقریباً 580 (تقریباً) عیسویA freedman of the Prophet, once adopted by him, who became one of the earliest Muslims and commanded the expedition to Mu'ta, where he was killed; the only Companion named in the Qur'an. - شخصیت
زيد بن جارية
One of the twelve men who built Masjid al-Dirar, according to Ibn Ishaq; his ascription: son of Jariya ibn Amir. - شخصیت
زيد بن موسى الكاظم
Musa al-Kazim's son — with 'Ali ibn Muhammad he seized Basra in Abu'l-Saraya's year. - شخصیت
زيد بن ثابت
تقریباً 611 عیسویA young Ansari who became the Prophet's scribe of revelation; Abu Bakr set him to gather the Qur'an, and Uthman's committee under him produced the standard recension still read today. - شخصیت
زين الدين علي بن نجا
Ali ibn Naja 'Ibn Najiyya', preacher and qadi — let into the Fatimid-restoration circle as its designated judge, he reported it to Saladin and was ordered to keep their confidence and feed him every new development until the plot and its Frankish correspondence were exposed and the leaders crucified. - شخصیت
زين الدين يوسف صاحب إربل
Lord of Irbil — died 18 Ramadan 586 in Saladin's camp leaving no son; its people wrote to Mujahid al-Din Qaymaz begging him to rule them for their love of him, but none dared move against Saladin's will, and Irbil went to the dead man's brother Muzaffar al-Din in exchange for Harran and Edessa. - شخصیت
زين بيكا
1974 عیسوی · 1394 ھ†The South African vocalist of 'Mountains of Makkah' — among the oldest English-language nasheed artists. - شخصیت
زينب النفزاوية
Zaynab bint Ishaq al-Nafzawiyya, famed for beauty and command; she married Laqut ibn Yusuf al-Maghrawi of Aghmat, then Abu Bakr ibn Umar who ceded her with the realm to Yusuf ibn Tashfin when he departed for the Sahara, and she counselled Yusuf to make his sovereignty public, standing as the hidden hand in the Almoravid state's founding. - شخصیت
زينب بنت أبي سلمة
Born in the land of Abyssinia to her father Abu Salama and her mother Umm Salama; she arrived with her mother. - شخصیت
زينب بنت الحارث بن خالد
Daughter of al-Harith ibn Khalid and Rayta, born in the land of Abyssinia; she died on the road with her mother, her sister and her brother. - شخصیت
زينب بنت علي
تقریباً 626 عیسوی · تقریباً 5 ھ†Granddaughter of the Prophet through Fatima and Ali; a survivor of Karbala whose accounts and defiance made her a central voice of her family in tradition. - شخصیت
زينب بنت جحش
A Mother of the Believers, whose mother Umayma was the Prophet's aunt; she was married to Zayd ibn Haritha and then to the Prophet, and a verse in sura al-Ahzab was revealed about her; she died in 20 AH, the first of his wives to die after him. - شخصیت
زينب بنت خزيمة
A Mother of the Believers called 'Umm al-Masakin' (mother of the poor) for feeding and giving to them; the Prophet married her after Hafsa, she stayed with him some months and died in his lifetime; her earlier husband is disputed: Abdullah ibn Jahsh, martyred at Uhud, or al-Tufayl and then Ubayda, sons of al-Harith. - شخصیت
زينب بنت محمد
The Prophet's eldest daughter, married to Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi; she gave him protection in Medina, the Prophet returned her to him after he embraced Islam, and she died at the start of 8 AH. - شخصیت
زينب بنت سليمان بن علي
The senior Hashimi matriarch whose rank topped al-Khayzuran's majlis — 'an old woman of ours who saw our beginnings'. - شخصیت
زينب فواز
Zaynab Fawwaz of Jabal Amil (d. 1914 CE) — author of al-Durr al-Manthur, the great biographical dictionary of famous women, 'the best composed in its genre'. - شخصیت
زنيرة
An enslaved woman who embraced Islam in Mecca and was tortured; Abu Bakr bought her and set her free. - شخصیت
زيري بن عطية المغراوي
Ziri ibn Atiyya ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Khazir al-Maghrawi, founder of the Zirid (Maghrawa) kingship of Fez; chief of the house of Khazir who laid the state's foundation at Fez and the Far Maghreb in obedience to al-Mansur Ibn Abi Amir — Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar met him at Wadi Mina by Tangier in Shawwal 388, where three spear-wounds in the neck unhorsed him, Fez shut its gates and he fled to the Sahara stripped of his realm; he returned to take Tahert, Tlemcen, Shelif, Tenis and Msila for the Amirid da'wa, besieged the Sanhaja seat of Achir, fell ill, raised the siege and died on the march home in 391, leaving the kingship to his son al-Mu'izz. - شخصیت
زيري بن مناد الصنهاجي
Lord of Sanhaja; al-Qa'im summoned him with the Kutama chiefs to Mahdiyya to fight Abu Yazid in 333 — the house that would rule Ifriqiya for the Fatimids. - شخصیت
زرياب
Ali ibn Nafi, called Ziryab — al-Mahdi's freedman and Ibrahim al-Mawsili's pupil — reached Abd al-Rahman II in AH 206 and the emir rode out himself to meet him; he bequeathed al-Andalus its craft of song, and the poet al-Ghazzal's savage lampoon of him was what sent al-Ghazzal into exile. - شخصیت
زياد البكائي
Ziyad al-Bakka'i — Kufan third-tier sira scholar (d. 183), the transmitter through whom Ibn Ishaq's sira is chiefly known. - شخصیت
زياد القصير الخزاعي
Ziyad al-Qasir al-Khuza'i; struck down by Musa's man Yazid ibn Huzayl — quarter asked, he gave a head-blow instead, and Yazid died of it seven days on. - شخصیت
زياد بن الهبولة
The most famous king of the Daja'ima, Banu Dajam ibn Salih of Quda'a, whom the Romans set up as kings over the Arabs of al-Sham before the Ghassanids; their era is reckoned from the early second century CE to about its end, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account. - شخصیت
زياد بن حدير الأسدي
Ziyad ibn Hudayr al-Asadi; in al-Baladhuri through Ibrahim ibn Muhajir from him: Umar sent him to the Christian Taghlib to take a half-tithe of their wealth, forbidding him to tithe a Muslim or a kharaj-paying dhimmi. - شخصیت
زياد بن خلفون
A physician of Kairouan, a client of the Aghlabids, about whose origins little is known. - شخصیت
زياد بن كليب التميمي
- شخصیت
زيادة الله بن الأغلب
The last Aghlabid amir of Ifriqiya; he fled the Ubaydid Mahdi to Egypt then Iraq — and the Maghreb left the Abbasids' command. - شخصیت
زبيدة بنت جعفر
Umm Ja'far Zubayda bint Ja'far ibn al-Mansur; in al-Baladhuri the first digger of Nahr al-Maymun was her agent, a man called Sa'id ibn Zayd. - شخصیت
الزبير بن العوام
تقریباً 594 عیسویOne of the earliest converts and a cousin of the Prophet through his mother Safiyya; at Badr he was one of the army's two horsemen, commanded the right wing, and joined the patrol that captured Quraysh's water-bearers. - شخصیت
زفر بن الحارث الكلابي
A horseman of the Banu Kilab who fought with al-Dahhak ibn Qays at Marj Rahit. When his side broke he fled and left two Banu Sulaym companions, who were killed; he later wrote verses about it. - شخصیت
زفر بن الهذيل
Abu Hanifa's companion-jurist, dead in 158 — the year of al-Mahdi's accession. - شخصیت
زهير بن أبي أمية
A Makhzumi notable whose mother was Atika bint Abd al-Muttalib; the first among the five Meccan leaders to publicly challenge and break the boycott charter in the Haram. - شخصیت
زهير بن جناب الكلبي
Kalb's Jahili knight — quoted by Sa'sa'a for the definition of the faris, mourning his son 'Amr: 'a rider whose comrades shelter behind a blade flashing like fire'. - شخصیت
زهير بن جذيمة العبسي
Zuhayr ibn Judhayma al-Absi, chief of Banu Abs; grappled with Khalid ibn Ja'far sword to sword, fell beneath him and was finished off by Khunduj — his death brought the Ghatafan vendetta and Khalid's own murder. - شخصیت
زهير بن قيس البلوي
Zuhayr ibn Qays al-Balawi; Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan gave him Ifriqiya — he opened Tutus, then turned back to Barqa where word came of Romans landed from ships and ravaging; he rode out with a light cavalry band, met them, and was martyred with those with him, buried where their graves are called Qubur al-Shuhada. - شخصیت
زهير بن صُرَد
A chieftain of Hawazin who headed the fourteen-man delegation that came to the Prophet at al-Ji'rana as Muslims, pleading foster-kinship for the return of their captured women and children; the Prophet and the Muslims released six thousand captives in response. - شخصیت
زهير بن سليم الأزدي
grappled al-Nakhirjan at al-Mada'in, both falling, then slit his belly with the dagger at his own belt. - شخصیت
زهرة بن حوية السعدي
Zuhra ibn Hawiyya ibn Abdallah ibn Qatada al-Tamimi, then al-Sa'di; commanded the Muslims' foragers at al-Qadisiyya whose clash with Persian horse triggered the battle, and per Ibn al-Kalbi — the stronger account — he killed the Jalinus. - شخصیت
زرعة ذو يزن
A Himyarite king who sent Malik ibn Murra al-Rahawi to the Prophet with news of their Islam and separation from idolatry; the Prophet's letter addresses him, commending the envoys under Mu'adh ibn Jabal and congratulating him for being the first of Himyar to convert. - شخصیت
زرعة بن النعمان
Zur'a ibn al-Nu'man — by another naming al-Nu'man ibn Zur'a — of Banu Taghlib; in al-Baladhuri: he it was who adjured Umar ibn al-Khattab by God on Taghlib's behalf — 'they are a people of Arabs who would scorn the jizya, and a people of stout valour; let not your enemy gain strength against you by them' — whereupon Umar brought them back from flight and compounded with them for the double sadaqa. - شخصیت
زرعة بن شريك التميمي
The swordsman who severed al-Husayn's left hand at the Taff before Sinan's finishing spear. - مقام
أبر قباذ
A city of the Tigris districts; Utba ibn Ghazwan turned to it in his hour and God opened it to him. - مقام
عبادان
Abbadan, Basra's island and sea-fortress; it was Humran ibn Aban's qati'a from Abd al-Malik — one of the Ayn al-Tamr captives claiming Namir ibn Qasit descent — until al-Hajjaj's threat, conveyed by Abbas ibn al-Husayn al-Hibati, moved Humran to gift him the west bank, which took Abbas's name. Abbas first garrisoned it, then al-Rabi' ibn Sabih the jurist fortified and raided from it, sailed for India and died at sea — buried on a Jarathir island in 160h. - مقام
أبهر
A town between Hamadhan and Qazwin; al-Bara' ibn Azib besieged it en route to Qazwin — its fortress had been built by a Persian lord over springs dammed with ox-hides and wool, a bench laid and the fort raised above — fought, then sought aman on Nihawand's terms, which he granted, and he seized Abhar's lands. - مقام
أبورد
Abiward of Khurasan; its great Bahmana truced Ibn Amir at four hundred thousand — or Ibn Khazim's mission fixed its people at the same. - مقام
أبر كاوان
Abr Kawan, the island off Fars first taken by al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As's sea expedition — folk call it Bani Kawan. - مقام
آخرون
Akharun beyond the river; Qutayba's first objective — its and Shuman's king had pressed the Saghaniyan's king, who bought Qutayba's protection with a golden key and obedience. - مقام
أخسكت
Akhsikath — al-Balkhi's Akhsikath — Farghana's old city; opened by Salih ibn Muslim with Kasan, Urusht and Sakhr. - مقام
الأخج
al-Akhj on the road to Zabulistan; its folk fought Ibn Samura and were beaten, and he opened it. - مقام
الببر
A district in the Daylam mountains toward the Caspian; Kathir ibn Shihab raided it with al-Taylasan in Umar's reign. - مقام
البيلمان
al-Baylaman of Sind; it yielded without a fight to Muhammad ibn al-Qasim's force, Sursant making peace likewise. - مقام
البحيرة
A Jurjan town where Sul al-Turki camped; Yazid besieged him six months, fought him again and again, till he treated for his self, property and three hundred of his household against surrendering al-Buhayra and all in it. - مقام
البتم
al-Buttam, the hill-country beyond the river; opened by Mukhallad ibn Yazid ibn al-Muhallab in his father's governorship. - مقام
الفرات
The town of al-Furat in the Tigris districts; Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud took it by force, its folk coming out with their spades — where Arda bint al-Harith sang her famous goading verse. - مقام
الحديثة
al-Haditha near Mosul — an old village with two churches and Christian cells which Harthama ibn Arfaja made a misr settling Arabs, named 'the New' as it postdated Mosul, with a fort beside it; others say it was named when Anbar folk moved in under Ibn al-Rufayl in al-Hajjaj's days and built its mosque. - مقام
الإجانة
al-Ijana, the wide basin at the Dijlat al-Awra channel's edge three farsakhs from Basra — Jahiliyya named it, Islam's Arabs called it al-Jazara — where Abu Musa began the Ubulla canal. - مقام
الكلبانية
al-Kalbaniyya in al-Ahwaz — where Siyah al-Uswari and his corps halted, sent from Istakhr toward al-Sus as Abu Musa besieged it; there the asawira stood apart from the Persian host. - مقام
الختل
al-Khattl beyond the river; truced by Sa'id ibn Uthman, they broke — Umayya ibn Abdallah took it, they broke again — and the Muhallab opened it. - مقام
الكيرج
al-Kiraj of Sind; Duhar's sally broken, it yielded on terms — and here Sind's folk painted Muhammad ibn al-Qasim when he was carried bound. - مقام
المذار
A town of the Tigris districts; its marzban came out against Utba ibn Ghazwan, was routed with most of his men drowned, captured alive and beheaded. - مقام
المحفوظة
al-Mahfuza, 'the Guarded', built by al-Hakam ibn Awana beyond the lake as the Muslims' refuge-misr when Hind apostatized — named against a fool's 'Tadmur'. - مقام
المنجشانية
al-Manjashaniyya, six miles from Basra — the estate Qays ibn Mas'ud al-Shaybani, Kisra's warden of the Taff, made through his agent Manjashan; above it Rawdat al-Khayl where his horses grazed. - مقام
المنصورة
al-Mansura of Sind below the lake; built by Amr ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qasim on his victory — the governors' seat, once mere thicket near old Brahmanabadh. - مقام
المرغاب
al-Marghab at Basra — Bashir ibn Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra dug its canals by force within Hilal ibn Ahwaz's eight-thousand-jarib grant and named it Marghab Marw. - مقام
الميانج
A district of Azerbaijan between Ardabil and Maragha; its people joined the marzban's muster on Hudhayfa's conquest. - مقام
المغيثة
al-Mughitha, the dam Sulayman ibn Ali built on Basra's batiha at a million dirhams' cost — turning the water from Nahr al-Dayr into Nahr Ibn Umar. - مقام
المحمدية
The city al-Mahdi built at Rayy in 158 AH, moated and girded with a fired-brick suburb, which Rayy's people then called the inner city versus the outer walled town; Hisn al-Zaynabi fell inside it and the Lahirish family settled after its building; the old Rayy, called Arazi in Jahiliyya and said to have been swallowed, lay six farsakhs off and gave Rayy its name. - مقام
المنعرج
A spot in Maysan where al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba met and killed Maysan's dehqan who had apostatized from Islam, writing the victory to Umar. - مقام
القاسية
al-Qasiyya at Basra, a tract the water had left dry — taken by al-Qasim ibn Sulayman on a forged grant-letter of Yazid ibn Mu'awiya. - مقام
الرور
al-Rur, a hilltop Sind city; taken by sulh after months — 'the budd is as the churches of Christians and Jews and the Magians' fire-houses' — kharaj laid, a mosque built. - مقام
الرويان
A Tabaristan district; Sa'id ibn al-As conquered it with the plain and Dumbawand. - مقام
الصامغان
An Iraqi highland district; its people treated with Utba ibn Farqad alongside Darabadh for jizya and kharaj — no killing, no captives, no road barred. - مقام
الشاش
al-Shash beyond the river, its king at Tarband; Qutayba took most of it to Isbijab, whose old fort the Turks held with Shash folk till Nuh ibn Asad's conquest under al-Mu'tasim — he walled it round its people's vines and farms. - مقام
الشيز
A town of Azerbaijan holding the great fire-temple Adhar Gushnasp; its people stood among the Ardabil marzban's fighters, and Hudhayfa's treaty singled them out — not to be barred from their fire-temple. - مقام
الشعيبية
al-Shu'aybiyya at Basra; its Euphrates folk carried it to Ali ibn al-Rashid as his sharecroppers on lightened terms — he made it ushr-sadaqa land and shared them as they accepted, Na'ib ibn Ziyad al-Wasiti managing it. - مقام
السبيطية
al-Subaytiyya, the estate al-Mansur cut from Basra's batiha over the town's objection; a dahqan named Subayt's reedbed was in it — the agent withheld part of its price and beat him, and he haunted al-Mansur's gate claiming the balance till he died, so the estate took his name. - مقام
السوس
al-Sus, the great city of al-Ahwaz; starved out by Abu Musa it fell on an eighty-man aman, its marzban beheaded — and in its citadel was found the prophet Daniel's body, buried in the riverbed on Umar's command. - مقام
الطبسين
al-Tabasayn — the twin fortresses Tabas and Qurayn, a palm-bearing jurm that is the gate of Khurasan; raided by Abdallah ibn Budayl for Abu Musa, then truced before Umar at sixty or seventy-five thousand under a writ, a peace Ibn Amir confirmed when he marched on Khurasan. - مقام
الطيلسان
A Daylam district; Kathir ibn Shihab raided it with al-Babar, among the frontier posts Rayy's governor reached. - مقام
الطيرهان
A town beside Mosul; Utba ibn Farqad took it with Tikrit before marching through the Bajarma district to Shahrazur. - مقام
العسيفان
al-Usayfan between Kashmir, Multan and Kabul; its king, his son dead despite the idol's 'answer', broke shrine, image and sadins — and took tawhid from Muslim merchants under al-Mu'tasim. - مقام
الزابوقة
A Basra site holding two of the seven daskaras where Utba ibn Ghazwan's men first lodged, later built in mud-brick by a band of them. - مقام
آمل
Amul — Amuya — on the Jayhun; fought then truced by Abdallah ibn al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad in his brief succession over Khurasan. - مقام
أنسان
Anasān at Basra, named for Anas ibn Malik's qati'a from Ziyad. - مقام
أرض الأصبهانيين
The Asbahanis' land at Basra, bought from Arabs — the Asbahanis were converts who had migrated to Basra, said to have been among the asawira who settled there. - مقام
أرمائيل
Arma'il of Makran; taken by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim after Qanirbur — Muhammad ibn Harun dying nearby, buried at Qanbal. - مقام
أرجان
Arrajan, the Fars city adjoining Tawwaj — raided from Tawwaj by Uthman, then taken by him and Abu Musa on jizya-and-kharaj sulh. - مقام
عسكر مكرم
Askar Mukram in al-Ahwaz, named for Mukram ibn Mutarrif who camped there hunting his father's killer on Mus'ab's charge — or, as also said, for Mukram ibn al-Farz. - مقام
أيذج
Ayadhaj of al-Ahwaz; Abdallah ibn Amir took it after heavy fighting, Kurds gathering to its defenders. - مقام
أذربيجان
The province of Azerbaijan, whose seat Ardabil held its marzban and kharaj office; Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman conquered it on Umar's writ delivered by al-Mughira, its marzban treating for eight hundred thousand dirhams weight-eight. - مقام
بادغيس
Badghis, the hill-country of Khurasan; covered by Herat's great sulh with Ibn Amir and Bushanj under the writ charging him to divide the jizya justly — 'whoever withholds what is on him has no covenant nor dhimma'. - مقام
باجروان
A district of Azerbaijan; its men stood among the fighters the marzban of Ardabil mustered against Hudhayfa. - مقام
البلاسجان
An Azerbaijani mountain holding the Balasajan Kurds; Hudhayfa's treaty bound the marzban not to expose the land to the Kurds of Balasajan, Sabalan and Satrudan. - مقام
بلخ
Balkh, the city of the Tukhara; al-Ahnaf's march won its sulh at four or — the sounder report — seven hundred thousand, Asid ibn al-Mutashammis (or al-Ahnaf's nephew) left over it. - مقام
بم
Bamm of Kirman; its folk truced al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad, broke and apostatized, and Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud retook it. - مقام
بنة
Banna between Multan and Kabul by the marshes; reached by al-Muhallab in 44h — the Azd's night-stand praised in verse. - مقام
بروص
Barus of the Sind-Indian lands; sent to by al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As under his brother Uthman's governorship. - مقام
كورة برزة
An Azerbaijani district of the Awad tribe whose chief town one of them peopled and fortified; a minbar was set there in 239 AH despite the Awadis' resentment. - مقام
برزان
Barzan in Sijistan; there Rutbil's embassy sought Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra's peace for his land and Kabul's — concluded at a million dirhams. - مقام
بيهق
Bayhaq, a rustaq of Naysabur; the ascetic al-Aswad ibn Kulthum breached its walls and fell with his band before Adham ibn Kathum won the town. - مقام
بيكند
Baykand beyond the river, two farsakhs from its dependency Ramadin; Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad's twenty-four thousand routed the Khatun's Turks and he entered at a million dirhams' sulh. - مقام
بلالاباذ
A Basra site holding Muslim ibn Abi Bakra's bathhouse — the town's third — which passed to Amr ibn Muslim al-Bahili. - مقام
بيمنذ
Bimand of Kirman; Mujashi's army first perished there, then he took it by force, spared its folk on aman — Qasr Mujashi' stands in it. - مقام
البيرون
al-Birun of Sind; its people's preemptive sulh to al-Hajjaj held — they brought fodder and admitted Muhammad ibn al-Qasim in peace. - مقام
برهمباذ
Brahmanabadh al-Atiqa, two farsakhs from al-Mansura's later site; Dahir's remnant made its stand — stormed with eight or twenty-six thousand dead — a ruin today. - مقام
برامجرد
Bramjard near Istakhr; there the townsmen met and killed Ibn Amir's vanguard Ubaydallah ibn Ma'tar — buried in Bramjard's garden. - مقام
البوقان
al-Buqan near the Indian frontier; raided by al-Mundhir ibn al-Jarud and Ibn Harri — its folk Muslims today — and Imran ibn Musa al-Barmaki built its city al-Bayda under al-Mu'tasim. - مقام
بوشنج
Bushanj of Khurasan; joined to Herat's great sulh with Badghis, save Taghun and Baghun taken by force. - مقام
بست
Bust of Sijistan; taken by Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura by compact with Zabil. - مقام
بثق شيرين
Butq Shirin at Basra, named for Shirin, wife of Kisra ibn Hurmuz. - مقام
الدامغان
The chief city of Qumis; when Sulayman ibn Amr al-Dabbi was sent to Qumis after Ibn al-Zaynabi's treaty its people did not resist and opened Damaghan's gates — it was taken by treaty without fighting. - مقام
دراباذ
A district beside Shahrazur; its people treated with Utba ibn Farqad for jizya and kharaj among his conquests. - مقام
دارابجرد
Darabjird of Fars — the banner-town of its people and seat of their religion under the Hirbadh; Uthman truced it on payment, its folk equal with Fars's surrendered towns. - مقام
درجة جنك
Darjah Jank at Basra, a Thaqif holding — so named for the lawsuits over it, jank being Persian for clamour. - مقام
دستميسان
The Dastumaysan district of the Tigris lands; its people massed, Utba struck first to weaken their sides, and their dehqans were killed in the rout. - مقام
دورق
Dawraq of al-Ahwaz; taken by force with al-Sus and Tustar in Abu Musa's campaign. - مقام
الديبل
al-Daybul, Sind's port at its creek; al-Mughira ibn Abi al-As met the enemy there and prevailed. - مقام
ديلم
The mountain country south of the Caspian west of Tabaristan; Urwa ibn Zayd broke Daylam with the Rayy host on conquest day, Kathir ibn Shihab raided them from Rayy and routed them, Sa'd raided them in his second governorship, and Rayy's amils kept raiding Daylam from Dastaba. - مقام
دير قاووس
Dayr Qawus, the Tigris spot four farsakhs above al-Ubulla where Basrans drank before the canal — running amid salt-flats, unbuilt on its banks, and haunted. - مقام
دهستان
A city beyond Jurjan in the Turks' country where Sul al-Turki sat; Yazid ibn al-Muhallab besieged it, cut its supplies, and took its treaty — aman for surrender — posting Abdallah ibn Ma'mar over it and al-Biyasan. - مقام
دنباوند
Mount Dumbawand, greatest of Tabaristan's mountains; Sa'id ibn al-As conquered it with the Tabaristan plain and al-Ruwayan in his 29 AH raid. - مقام
الجزائر الهندية الشرقية الهولندية
The Dutch-ruled archipelago of Southeast Asia. Arslan's chapter reprints a lecture by Sayyid Isma'il al-Attas, delivered in Cairo in 1929, which surveys the islands from prehistory to Dutch rule. It gives a figure of about fifty million Muslims in the Dutch colonies, drawn from a census that Arslan's source reports, and describes the main crops. This is one 1920s source's picture of the islands, not a verified census. - مقام
الفهرج
al-Fahraj on the Sijistan road; al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad's halt before crossing the seventy-five-farsakh mafaza to Zaliq. - مقام
فرغانة
Farghana, the Transoxanian land on the Sayhun; Salih ibn Muslim took its Kasan, Urusht, Sakhr and Akhsikath — its old city — with Nasr ibn Sayyar in his host. - مقام
فارس
Fars, the great province named for its people; the Muslims conquered it from the sea under Umar — Abr Kawan first, then Tawwaj and Rayshahr where its marzban Shahrak fell, then Arrajan, Shiraz, Sabur, Darabjird and the rest. - مقام
الفارياب
al-Faryab of Khurasan; opened by al-Ahnaf ibn Qays, or by Umair ibn al-Ahmar al-Yashkuri in another account. - مقام
فسا
Fasa of Fars; its great-man truced Uthman on Darabjird's terms — some say the Hirbadh himself truced it. - مقام
فيض البصرة
The Fayd of Basra, the channel Ziyad dug after finishing the Ubulla canal — from his mawla Fil's house to the bridge-site. - مقام
هراة
Herat, a city of Khurasan; to it Fayruz exiled the Persians whose descendants joined the Turkish Hayatila aiding Quhistan. - مقام
حصن الزينبدي
Rayy's fortress above the town, called Hisn al-Furkhan ibn al-Zaynabi, formerly 'Arin; its lord Ibn al-Zaynabi made the treaty with Urwa ibn Zayd for Rayy and Qumis — five hundred thousand dirhams, no killing, no captives, no fire-temple razed, kharaj on Nihawand's terms — and Rayy's governors dwelt there gathering at the mosque beside it; it fell inside al-Mahdi's al-Muhammadiyya, he ordered its repair and lodged there overlooking the mosque and palace, and it was afterwards made a prison; al-Fatammash's verse curses its keep. - مقام
حيدر آباد الدكن
A princely state in central India, ruled by a Muslim sultan under British protection, with about 13 million people, mostly Hindu, though its capital is mostly Muslim. Its army of about 30,000 was largely Hadrami Arab, per Arslan's commentary on Stoddard. The British resident had limited influence over the state's internal rule. - مقام
أسبيجاب
Isbijab, the far fort of al-Shash; an old conquest lost to the Turks, retaken by Nuh ibn Asad under al-Mu'tasim, who walled its people's vines and farms. - مقام
إشتيغن
Ishtikhan of Sughd; the seat to which Sughd's kings moved after ancient Samarqand. - مقام
جبل الزور
Jabal al-Zur in the Dawar country toward Kabul; Ibn Samura bottled its folk there, truced, and entered on the gold ruby-eyed Zur idol — cutting its hand and taking the rubies to show it 'neither harms nor benefits'. - مقام
جهرم
Jahram of Fars; a gathering massed against Uthman near it — he scattered them and took the Jahram land. - مقام
جاوى
The largest island of what is now Indonesia. Arslan's chapter on Islam in Java and its neighbours draws on Dutch scholarship and a lecture by Sayyid Isma'il al-Attas. It notes that Brahmanism and Buddhism were the dominant religions before Islam, that Islam spread through trade and seafaring, and that the tomb of Malik Ibrahim at Gresik is among the earliest Muslim graves there. The population figures he gives come from Dutch censuses reported second-hand and need checking. - مقام
جيلان
Gilan south of the Caspian; al-Bara' ibn Azib raided it from Qazwin, and al-Walid ibn Uqba raided it in Uthman's reign with Daylam, Muqan, al-Babar and al-Taylasan. - مقام
جيرفت
Jirraft of Kirman; taken by force by Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud. - مقام
جنديسابور
Jundishapur, the great city of al-Ahwaz; its panic-struck people took Abu Musa's aman — no killing, no captives, no wealth touched but weapons. - مقام
جنزة
Junza in Kabul's marches; there Yazid ibn Ziyad fought Kabul's breakers and fell with many of his men. - مقام
جرجان
The province at the Caspian's corner; its king treated with Sa'id ibn al-As for two hundred thousand dirhams in the 29 AH Tabaristan campaign. - مقام
الجوزجان
al-Juzjan of Khurasan; the rout's fugitives reached it, al-Aqra' ibn Habis pursued with horse, turned a first setback and stormed it — its Rustaq Hawf with the two castles mourned in verse. - مقام
كابل
Kabul, the great city of India's marches; besieged by Ibn Samura for months under mangonels till breached — the foe's hamstrung elephant blocking their gate, by Ibn Khazim's stroke or al-Muhallab's — entered by force, breached again and retaken; then the Kabul Shah expelled its Muslims and Rutbil overran to Bust, till Ubaydallah ibn Abi Bakra's million-dirham sulh covered Kabul's lands. - مقام
كرمينية
Karminiya beyond the river; campaigned by Qutayba with Tumushkat in 88h. - مقام
الكاريان
al-Karyan and Fashjan (al-Fishajan) of Darabjird's land; outside the Hirbadh's sulh and breached — Ibn Amir took both. - مقام
كاسان
Kasan of Farghana — commonly Kashanan; opened by Salih ibn Muslim, breached, and last retaken by Nuh ibn Asad under al-Mansur. - مقام
كازرون
Kazarun of Sabur's land in Fars; taken by Uthman ibn Abi al-As. - مقام
خواش
Khawash and Quzan of Bust on the Sijistan road; Ibn Samura took them by force after crossing Wadi Nasl. - مقام
خجنده
Khujanda beyond the river on the Sayhun; Salm ibn Ziyad's army, A'sha Hamdan among them, was defeated there. - مقام
خشك
Khushak on the Sijistan road; its folk truced Ibn Samura after Wazan. - مقام
الأهواز
al-Ahwaz, the Khuzistan province — a great kura of the Jibal; conquered under Umar, seat of Hurmuzan the last Persian marzban, and where the asawira's conversion-conditions were granted. - مقام
خوارزم
Khwarizm, the land beyond the river with its eastern city; al-Ahnaf marched on it after Balkh but could not take it. - مقام
كش
Kish, the Sijistan marches toward India; Ibn Samura conquered the stretch between Zaranj and Kish. - مقام
مدينة الفيل
Madinat al-Fil, strongest of Khwarizm's cities — Ali ibn Mujahid calls it Samarqand; opened by Umayya ibn Abdallah, breached, beyond Yazid ibn al-Muhallab's reach, and taken by Qutayba — 'Fil gave herself to you with her own hands'. - مقام
مدينة المبارك
The fortress al-Mubarak al-Turki, al-Hadi's mawla, built at Qazwin, peopled by a company of his own clients. - مقام
مدينة جرجان
The city Yazid ibn al-Muhallab built at Jurjan after his conquests there. - مقام
مدينة موسى
The town Musa al-Hadi built on Qazwin's ground, endowed with the purchased tract of Rustamabadh for its needs, administered by his mawla Amr al-Rumi then his son Muhammad. - مقام
مكران
Makran, the coastal land between Fars and Sind; stormed and garrisoned by Sinan ibn Salama — Ibn al-Kalbi names Hakim ibn Jabala — and mourned in A'sha Hamdan's famous verses. - مقام
مناذر
Greater and Lesser Manadhir of al-Ahwaz's districts; Abu Musa besieged them and al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad took them by force, killing the fighters — governed by Asim ibn Qays al-Sulami — and there fell al-Muhajir ibn Ziyad, his head raised between two merlons. - مقام
مراغة
A city of Azerbaijan once called Afrahruudh; Marwan ibn Muhammad camped near it returning from the Muqan-Jilan raid, its great dung-pits gave his mules their rolling-ground — 'the maragha village', then the word village dropped — its people commended it to Marwan who bought and peopled it; seized among Umayyad estates for a daughter of al-Rashid; after al-Wajna' al-Azdi and Sadaqa ibn Ali's ravaging, Khuzayma ibn Khazim walled and garrisoned it under al-Rashid, Babak's rise made it a refuge, and al-Ma'mun's agents Ahmad ibn al-Junayd and Ali ibn Hisham repaired the wall while its suburb was fortified. - مقام
مرند
An Azerbaijani town, once a small village settled by Halbas Abu al-Ba'ith, fortified by al-Ba'ith then his son Muhammad who raised palaces; his Mutawakkil-era defiance ended with Buna al-Saghir razing wall and palace. - مقام
مرو
Marw, the great city of Khurasan; its marzban's envoy al-Shahijan sued for peace and Hatim ibn al-Nu'man compounded it at a million two hundred thousand — variants: a million dirhams with two hundred thousand jarib of grain, or a million one hundred thousand uqiyya — the terms widening Muslim housing, all of it sulh save the village al-Sanj taken by force. - مقام
مرو الروذ
Marw al-Rudh of Tugharistan in Khurasan's works; besieged hard by al-Ahnaf till its folk took refuge in the fort and its marzban — of Badhan of Yemen's line — truced at sixty or six hundred thousand; its Qasr al-Ahnaf compounded at three hundred thousand on the clause that a Muslim enter, give the adhan, and stay till his return. - مقام
مهران
Mihran, Sind's great river and its land; here Muhammad ibn al-Qasim camped mid-way, crossed the Mihwan by a contrived bridge, and Dahir fell at evening. - مقام
موقان
The Muqan steppe of Azerbaijan on the Aras; al-Walid ibn Uqba, Kufa's governor for Uthman, raided it among his northern campaigns. - مقام
نهر عدي
Nahr Adi at Basra — a khawr of the town's river until Adi ibn Arta'a, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz's governor, cut it from Butq Shirin on the town's plea and Wak'i's letter. - مقام
نهر الأمير
Nahr al-Amir at Basra, dug by al-Mansur and gifted to his son Ja'far — first 'the Commander of the Faithful's canal', then 'the prince's'; al-Rashid bought it, parcelled grants from it and sold. - مقام
نهر الأساورة
The Asāwira canal at Basra by Fil's house, dug by Abdallah ibn Amir — or, as some say, dug by the asāwira themselves. - مقام
نهر البنات
Nahr al-Banat at Basra — Ziyad's daughters, each granted sixty jarib, the common measure of his grants. - مقام
نهر المرأة
The Woman's Canal of the Tigris districts; Shurayh ibn Amir took its palace by treaty from al-Nushajan ibn Jasnasima — the 'woman' its lady Kamandar bint Narsi, al-Nushajan's cousin — and it was named because Abu Musa al-Ash'ari lodged there, she provisioned him khabis, and he kept saying 'feed us the woman's flour'. - مقام
نهر النعمان بن المنذر
Nahr al-Nu'man ibn al-Mundhir at al-Qandal, a Tigris khawr dammed by Sulayman ibn Ali — the Lakhmid king's own Kisra-era grant, with a palace of his there. - مقام
نهر الأبلة
The Ubulla canal, Basra's great channel from al-Ijana to al-Ubulla, four farsakhs long; Abu Musa began its digging on Umar's order and Ziyad completed it from the silted reach — the cause of his feud with Abdallah ibn Amir. - مقام
نهر ابن عمر
Nahr Ibn Umar at Basra, dug by Abdallah ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz for Yazid ibn al-Walid after the two-flask complaint of the town's brackish water. - مقام
نهر معقل
The Ma'qil canal of Basra, named for Ma'qil ibn Yasar whom Ziyad sent to open it for his Companion's blessing — though Ziyad dug it, none called it Ziyad's canal. - مقام
سيحان
Sayhan, the Basra canal that belonged to the Barmakids — they themselves named it Sayhan. - مقام
نامنة
A Tabaristan village; Sa'id ibn al-As took it with Tamisa on the Tabaristan raid. - مقام
نارند
Narand of the Indian quarters; reached by Amr ibn Jamal's bawarij under Hisham ibn Amr. - مقام
نسا
Nasa of Khurasan; Ibn Khazim took its Humrandiz rustaq and its lord truced at three hundred thousand — or on land-capacity kharaj, with no killing and no captives. - مقام
نسف
Nasaf — that is Nakhshab — beyond the river; its folk marched with Sughd, Turks and Kish on Sa'id ibn Uthman's host and were broken at Bukhara. - مقام
النوبهار
The Nawbahar, Balkh's great edifice; ruined by Ata ibn al-Sa'ib in Qays ibn al-Haytham's campaign when its people broke. - مقام
نينوى
The twin forts of Nineveh facing Mosul across the Tigris; their people fought Utba ibn Farqad, he took the eastern fort by storm, crossed the river, and the other fort's people treated for jizya with leave for whoever wished to quit. - مقام
جزائر الفيلبين
A Pacific archipelago of about 1,200 islands. In Arslan's commentary on Stoddard, Islam reached the southern islands, Mindanao and Sulu, through contact with northern Borneo. Under Spanish rule most of the population became Catholic; a revolt in 1896 followed, and the Ottoman government sent an envoy to support the Muslims, who had little education. - مقام
قلعة ذي الرفاق
Qal'at Dhi al-Rifaq in al-Ahwaz; opened by Thabit ibn Dhi al-Hirra al-Himyari. - مقام
قندابيل
Qandabil between Makran and Sind; parts opened by Mujja'a ibn Si'r, completed by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim. - مقام
القندهار
al-Qandahar on the Sijistan-India road; stormed by Abbad ibn Ziyad at cost — its tall caps the model of the 'Abbadiyya — and Ibn Mufarrigh's 'he whose fate is written at Qandahar'. - مقام
قنطرة قرة
Qantarat Qurra at Basra, named for Qurra ibn Habban al-Bahili; Umm Abdallah ibn Amir bought the old canal there and gave it in sadaqa as the town's drainage, and Ibn Amir bought the market and gave it likewise. - مقام
قصر المسيرين
Qasr al-Musayyirin at Basra, Abd al-Rahman ibn Ziyad's, where al-Hajjaj jailed the families of Ibn al-Ash'ath's followers — a palace within a palace — beside Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad's palace and its jawsaq. - مقام
قصر النواشق
Qasr al-Nawashiq at Basra — Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan's palace, so named by the street-toughs. - مقام
قصر النعمان
Qasr al-Nu'man at Basra, the seat of al-Nu'man ibn Suhban al-Rasibi who judged between Mudar and Rabi'a when Yazid died; Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad enlarged it and Nu'man foretold 'evil wealth — much water drowns me, little parching' — the water failed and every soul there died. - مقام
قصر أوس
A Basra palace named for Aws ibn Tha'laba of Taym Allah, the man of the Palmyra-idols verse. - مقام
هزاردر
Hazārdir, the Basra palace of many doors built by Shirawayh for Marjana — named for the thousand doors, or the thousand asāwira Kisra lodged in a thousand houses there. - مقام
قصة
Qassa of Sind; alone steadfast in Islam when Hind's folk apostatized after Tamim ibn Zayd. - مقام
القيقان
al-Qiqan of the Sind lands adjoining Khurasan; raided by al-Muhallab in 44h — the grave of al-Harith ibn Murra, Abdallah ibn Sawar and Rashid ibn Amr. - مقام
قوهستان
Quhistan, the nearest city to the Tabasayn at Khurasan's gate; led there by al-Ahnaf ibn Qays, its people and the Hayatila — Turks, some say Persian outcasts exiled by Fayruz to Herat — met him and were routed. - مقام
قصدار
Qusdar of Makran; first opened by Sinan ibn Salama who died there at its breach — retaken by al-Mundhir ibn al-Jarud with captives. - مقام
رامدين
Ramadin, a town of Baykand's two farsakhs on; taken with it by Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad. - مقام
رامهرمز
Ramhurmuz of al-Ahwaz; twice truced — Abu Maryam's eight-hundred-thousand compact — twice betrayed, and taken by force in Abu Musa's last days. - مقام
راوند
A town of Isbahan's district; there lie the Graves of the Boon-Companions — three Kufans of al-Hajjaj's Daylam army who drank together, died one by one, each buried beside his friend, the last singing 'know you not that I am alone at Rawand'. - مقام
راور
Rawar, a Sind city; stormed by Muhammad ibn al-Qasim — a wife of Dahir there burned herself, her maids and wealth rather than be taken. - مقام
ريشهر
Rayshahr of Sabur's land near Tawwaj; there al-Hakam and the marzban Shahrak fought fiercely — Sawwar killed Shahrak, Shahrak's son killed Sawwar, and the town fell by force on a day likened to al-Qadisiyya. - مقام
الرخج
Rukhkhaj, the Sijistan region; by its road Ibn Samura mastered the lands as far as the Dawar country. - مقام
رستمباذ
A tract at Qazwin bought by Musa al-Hadi and endowed for the benefit of Madinat Musa whose building he commanded. - مقام
سبلان
Azerbaijan's great mountain holding the Sabalan Kurds; Hudhayfa's treaty barred exposing the land to the Kurds of Balasajan, Sabalan and Satrudan. - مقام
سابور
Sabur of Fars; Uthman's aman-sulh of 23 or 24h after Shahrak's brother's dream — then the people's breach, and Abu Musa took it by force in 26h with Uthman on his vanguard. - مقام
سدوسان
Sadusan of Sind; its samaniyya-brokered aman gave Muhammad ibn al-Qasim kharaj, hostages, and four thousand Zutt auxiliaries. - مقام
الصغانيان
al-Saghaniyan, the lands on the river's east bank; its folk joined the thirty-thousand Tukharistan mass against al-Ahnaf — its king's spear was wrenched from his hand and he was killed, after al-Ahnaf had slain three drum-bearers in turn. - مقام
سمرقند
Samarqand, the great city of Sughd; Sa'id ibn Uthman besieged it under oath not to stir till it opened, lost an eye in three days' fighting — and al-Muhallab his — then truced at seven hundred thousand and royal hostages after besieging the kings'-sons castle, his stone lodging in the qahandaz's loophole. - مقام
سرخس
Sarakhs of Khurasan; fought by Ibn Khazim till its marzban Zadhuya truced on a hundred men's aman and the surrender of its women — his daughter becoming Ibn Khazim's Maysha' — or, in the other telling, killed for excluding himself, the town then taken by force. - مقام
سارية
A Tabaristan town; Yazid ibn al-Muhallab raided it with Jilan on his way to Dihistan. - مقام
ساترودان
An Azerbaijani tract holding the Satrudan Kurds, covered by the no-exposure clause of Hudhayfa's treaty with Ardabil's marzban. - مقام
ساوندرا
Sawandra of Sind; its folk won aman on hosting and guiding the Muslims — Muslims today. - مقام
شهرزور
A city on Iraq's upper flank toward the mountain; Uzra ibn Qays failed at it and Utba ibn Farqad took it after fighting on Hulwan's terms — the approach-fever killing Muslims — with al-Samaghan and Darabadh treating alongside; its district stayed joined to Mosul till late in al-Rashid's reign. - مقام
شط عثمان
Shatt Uthman at Basra — Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi bought it from Caliph Uthman for his Ta'if money, or, as told, for his brother's Medina house which the caliph annexed to the Mosque. - مقام
الشيرجان
al-Shirjan, chief city of Kirman; Mujashi' ibn Mas'ud took it by storm after days of siege and a horse-sally, left a man behind, and many of its folk went into exile. - مقام
جبال شروين
The Shirwin mountains of Tabaristan — its most impregnable and hardest, thickest in jungle and thicket — conquered by Muhammad ibn Musa and Mazyar ibn Qarin under al-Ma'mun. - مقام
شومان
Shuman of Khurasan; opened by al-Mufaddal ibn al-Muhallab in his governorship. - مقام
سمنجان
Siminjan of Tukharistan; alone of its lands it resisted Qays ibn al-Haytham's march and was besieged and stormed. - مقام
السند
al-Sind, India's seaboard; Hakim ibn Jabala's verdict to Uthman — scant water, worthless fruit, a trifling thief; small armies lost, large ones starved. - مقام
سندان
Sindan on India's coast; al-Fadl ibn Mahan's conquest and Muslim seat with its caliph-praising jami' — his sons' feud ended in a crucifixion and Hind's reconquest. - مقام
سيراف
Siraf on Fars's coast; in one telling its Surayanj fort is where the Muslim slave's arrow-aman was written, which Umar ordered honored — others call it Shahrij. - مقام
السغد
al-Sughd, the Transoxanian land whose greatest city is Samarqand; its folk joined the Turks, Kish and Nasaf against Sa'id ibn Uthman at a hundred and twenty thousand, broken before Bukhara. - مقام
سوق الأهواز
Suq al-Ahwaz, the chief town of al-Ahwaz — al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba raided it, its dahqan Piruz truced on money then broke, and Abu Musa took it by force in 17h under Samura ibn Jundab al-Fazari. - مقام
سرق
Surraq of al-Ahwaz; taken on Ramhurmuz's terms, betrayed, Haritha ibn Badr's army repulsed, and Abdallah ibn Amir took it by force — Haritha its governor after. - مقام
الطالقان
al-Talaqan of Khurasan; taken by sulh under al-Ahnaf after the Tukharistan battle. - مقام
طميسة
A Tabaristan town; Sa'id ibn al-As took it in the 29 AH raid with the village of Namna. - مقام
تانه
Tana, an Indian seaboard post; raided from Uman under Uthman ibn Abi al-As — Umar's rebuke: 'you set worms upon wood; had they been struck I'd have taken their like from your people'. - مقام
الطاربند
al-Tarband, the Shash king's seat; from it he answered Sughd's summons with his fighters, and Qutayba broke them. - مقام
ترير
An Azerbaijani town, once a village with a crumbling old palace, settled by Mu'awiya ibn Amr al-Mawsili al-Ta'i who housed his sons there; they raised palaces, made it a town and built the Bajirwan Market, enlarged and set apart for them by the Sultan outside the Azerbaijan governors' charge. - مقام
توج
Tawwaj of Ardashir-Khurra's land in Fars; opened by al-Hakam — or Uthman — ibn Abi al-As in 19h, its mosques built and Abd al-Qais settled in it as the Muslims' base for the Fars campaigns, fortified after Shahrak's death. - مقام
الترمذ
al-Tirmidh on the Jayhun; the Khatun's sulh won from Sa'id ibn Uthman sitting on it, then its king's shelter of Musa ibn Abdallah ibn Khazim — who cast him out and held it in rebellion — then the governors', breached, and retaken by Qutayba ibn Muslim. - مقام
تومشكت
Tumushkat beyond the river; campaigned by Qutayba with Karminiya in 88h and brought to sulh. - مقام
طوس
Tus of Khurasan; its marzban Kanazbak compounded it with Ibn Amir at six hundred thousand dirhams. - مقام
الأبلة
al-Ubulla, Basra's port on the Tigris; Suwayd ibn Qutba helped Khalid ibn al-Walid fight its people when he reached Basra in year 12. - مقام
عقبة الجارود
Uqbat al-Jarud, the pass between Jarra and Shiraz — al-Jarud al-Abdi lagged at dawn for a need with his water-flask, Kurds surrounded and killed him, and the pass bears his name. - مقام
أرمية
An ancient city of Azerbaijan which the Magians claim as their prophet Zarathustra's home; Sadaqa ibn Ali ibn Sadaqa ibn Dinar, the Azd's mawla, fought its people till he entered and mastered it, building palaces with his brothers. - مقام
أورشت
Urusht of Farghana; opened by Salih ibn Muslim, breached, and last retaken by Nuh ibn Asad under al-Mansur. - مقام
أشروسنة
Ushrusana beyond the river between Samarqand and al-Shash; campaigned by Qutayba ibn Muslim. - مقام
أزين
Uzayn in Hind; raided by al-Junayd's armies with al-Maliba and Baharmad, whose suburbs they burned. - مقام
وجاه
A Tabaristan fortress where Jurjan's marzban fortified against Yazid, ringed by thickets and jungle; seven months and mangonels availed nothing till an informer showed a path and hide-ladders carried Jahm ibn Zahr up — the captives were slaughtered in Wadi Jurjan till the blood ran. - مقام
ورثان
An Azerbaijani bridge-town like the Wahsh and Arshaf bridges of Babak's days; Marwan ibn Muhammad built and revived it as his estate, it fell with the Umayyad seizures to Zubayda umm Ja'far whose agents razed the wall — lately rebuilt — and there al-Afshin Haydar ibn Kawus camped and fortified during the Babak war. - مقام
وزان
Wazan on the Sijistan road; its folk fled before Ibn Samura, who took it. - مقام
زابل
Zabil of Sijistan; taken by compact with Bust under Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura. - مقام
زابلستان
Zabulistan, the land south of Kabul and Sijistan; taken by Ibn Samura after its people broke, with captives — then overrun by Rutbil as far as Bust. - مقام
زاغول
Zaghul of Marw al-Rudh at al-Shawsa; there al-Muhallab died returning from Kish and Nasaf, his illness begun in grief for al-Mughira. - مقام
زالق
Zaliq, the Sijistan fortress five farsakhs from the capital; raided by al-Rabi' on Mihrjan, its dahqan ransoming himself with his spear planted and heaped over with gold and silver. - مقام
زنجان
A town in Qazwin's marches; al-Bara' ibn Azib took it by force after Qazwin's treaty and his raids on Daylam, Jilan, al-Babar and al-Taylasan. - مقام
زرنج
Zaranj, the great city of Sijistan; besieged by al-Rabi' ibn Ziyad its marzban Aparwiz truced for a thousand wadif with gold cups — seated on a corpse — in a two-and-a-half-year governorship that took forty thousand captives; then Ibn Samura besieged its marzban on their feast-day for two million dirhams and two thousand wadif. - ریاست
الإمارة بالحجاز (حكومة مكة)
The leadership of Mecca and custody of the House from Ismail to Quraysh in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account: Ismail and his sons, then Jurhum for about twenty centuries, then Khuza'a for three hundred years, then Qusayy and Quraysh from about 440 CE; a government mixing worldly primacy and religious leadership, ruling among the Arabs in religion's name and overseeing the pilgrims' affairs, with parliament-like offices, yet weak, as the Abyssinian invasion showed. - سوال
كيف عاش النبي قبل البعثة؟
أبو لهب
An early Egyptian film dramatising Abu Lahab's opposition to Islam in Mecca — among the first Arabic films on a Qur'anic figure.الإمام
An Arabic series on the life of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal and his steadfastness during the Mihna — the largest Arabic drama about a Sunni scholar-saint.المسيح
Nader Talebzadeh's Iranian film presenting the life of Jesus from the Islamic perspective, including the Muslim account of the crucifixion.المصير
Youssef Chahine's film about Ibn Rushd in Almohad Cordoba on the eve of the burning of his books — a deliberate parallel with 1990s Egypt and religious militancy.المهاجر
Youssef Chahine's retelling of the Joseph story set in ancient Egypt; its release sparked a legal battle in Egypt over depicting Qur'anic prophets on screen.المحارب الثالث عشر
John McTiernan's adventure film starring Antonio Banderas as Ahmad ibn Fadlan, the Abbasid envoy thrown in with Viking warriors — adapted from Crichton's novel drawn on Ibn Fadlan's risala.الناصر صلاح الدين
Youssef Chahine's Egyptian epic starring Ahmed Mazhar as Saladin and the liberation of Jerusalem — the most famous Arabic film on the Crusades.القادسية
Salah Abu Seif's Egyptian epic on the Battle of al-Qadisiyya and the fall of the Sasanian empire — a classic of Egyptian conquest-era drama.الرحلة الكبرى
Ismaël Ferroukhi's film about a Moroccan father who makes his French son drive him from France to Mecca for the hajj — the classic fictional hajj road movie.السلطان والقديس
UPF's docudrama, narrated by Jeremy Irons, on St Francis of Assisi's meeting with Sultan al-Kamil at Damietta in 1219 amid the Fifth Crusade.التغريبة الفلسطينية
Hatem Ali's landmark series following a Palestinian family through the Nakba from village to refugee camp — the canonical drama of Palestinian memory.العثمانيون: أمراء أوروبا المسلمون
Rageh Omaar's three-part BBC documentary on the Ottoman empire and its relationship with Europe.الظاهر بيبرس
A Syrian-Emirati series on Sultan al-Zahir Baybars — from the Mamluk ranks to the defeat of the Mongols at Ain Jalut; among the largest Arabic productions on the Mamluk era.علي
Michael Mann's biopic with Will Smith as Muhammad Ali — from his conversion to the Nation of Islam to the title fights and the Vietnam refusal; Smith was Oscar-nominated.أمير بين العبيد
Andrea Kalin's documentary on Abdul Rahman Ibrahima — the Fulani prince enslaved in Mississippi who won back his freedom — from Terry Alford's biography.أصحاب الكهف
Farajollah Salahshour's Iranian series on the People of the Cave — the youths who slept through a pagan empire's persecution; an early Iranian religious drama widely dubbed into Arabic.بلال: جيل جديد من الأبطال
The Emirati animated feature on Bilal ibn Rabah, from enslavement to becoming Islam's first muezzin — the first animated feature of its scale on a Companion.برسيبوليس
The French-Iranian animated film of Marjane Satrapi's childhood in revolutionary and post-revolutionary Iran — Oscar-nominated.فجر الإسلام
Salah Dehni's Syrian film on Islam's dawn in Mecca and Quraysh's rejection — an early drama of the first preaching years that does not show the Prophet.الفتح ١٤٥٣
A Turkish epic about Mehmed II and the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 — one of the highest-grossing Turkish films of its era.الريح الحارة
M.S. Sathyu's Indian classic on a Muslim shoe merchant in Agra who refuses to leave for Pakistan after Partition — the defining screen work on Muslims and Partition.حرائق
Denis Villeneuve's Oscar-nominated film about Canadian twins returning to their mother's Middle Eastern homeland, uncovering a civil war fought between Muslims and Christians.حياة محمد
A three-part BBC documentary presented by Rageh Omaar, tracing the Prophet's life on location in Arabia with scholars and contemporary Muslims.الرجل الحر: بديع الزمان سعيد النورسي
A Turkish biopic of Bediüzzaman Said Nursi — Kurdish scholar to author of the Risale-i Nur — the largest film about a modern Turkish religious scholar.اسمي خان
Karan Johar's film starring Shah Rukh Khan as a Muslim man with Asperger's who crosses America to tell the president 'my name is Khan and I am not a terrorist' after 9/11.صلاح الدين: فاتح القدس
A Turkish–Pakistani co-production on Saladin's rise in Egypt and the recapture of Jerusalem — the largest recent screen production on the Crusades leader.معركة الجزائر
Gillo Pontecorvo's landmark film on the 1956–57 Battle of Algiers between the FLN and French colonial forces — the classic screen account of an anti-colonial struggle.مالكولم إكس
Spike Lee's epic biopic starring Denzel Washington — Malcolm X's journey from crime to the Nation of Islam to Sunni Islam after the hajj.مملكة السماء
Ridley Scott's epic about Balian of Ibelin and the defence of Jerusalem in 1187; Saladin is a major, dignified character and the film's portrayal of the Crusades has been widely discussed.ملك سليمان
Shahriar Bahrani's Iranian film on the prophet Solomon's kingdom as told in Islamic sources; Solomon appears on screen per Iranian convention.مريم المقدسة
Shahriar Bahrani's Iranian film about Maryam daughter of Imran and the birth of Jesus, told from the Qur'anic and Islamic tradition.مات كيلاو
A Malaysian epic on the warrior Mat Kilau and the Pahang resistance to British rule in the 1890s — the highest-grossing Malaysian film ever at release.معاوية
An MBC series on Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan and the first fitna; its broadcast drew wide controversy over the depiction of Companions and early Islamic civil strife.معاوية والحسن والحسين
A major Arabic co-production dramatising the first fitna — from Hasan's caliphate and abdication to Muawiya's rule and Karbala; contested for depicting the Prophet's household.محمد: إرث نبي
A UPF documentary broadcast on PBS that interweaves the Prophet's biography with the lives of contemporary American Muslims.محمد رسول الله
Majid Majidi's Iranian epic about the Prophet's childhood in Mecca; he is shown from behind and in silhouette, never his face. It was planned as the first part of a trilogy.محارب الصحراء
Rupert Wyatt's Saudi-backed epic set in seventh-century Arabia on the eve of Islam, starring Anthony Mackie and Aiysha Hart — among the first major Hollywood-scale productions shot at NEOM.مختارنامه
Davoud Mirbagheri's Iranian series on al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd's uprising in Kufa to avenge Karbala; members of the Prophet's family are depicted on screen per Shia convention.ملوك الطوائف
Hatem Ali's Syrian series on the taifa kings of al-Andalus after Cordoba's fall — al-Mu'tamid, Ibn Zaydun and Wallada — and the cities' struggle against the Almoravids.مسلم جديد ورائع
A PBS POV documentary on Hamza Pérez, a Puerto Rican-American Muslim rapper, and his family and community life in post-9/11 Pittsburgh.العاصمة عبد الحميد
A TRT series on Sultan Abdülhamid II's final years ruling from Yıldız Palace — a prominent modern dramatisation of the late Ottoman period.قمر بني هاشم
The Syrian series on the Banu Hashim from Abd al-Muttalib to the Prophet's mission; it answers the depiction question by showing the Prophet's trace, not his person.قيامة أرطغرل
The TRT series about Ertuğrul, father of Ottoman founder Osman I; dubbed and broadcast to mass audiences across the Arab world, Pakistan, India and beyond.المؤسس عثمان
The sequel series to Ertuğrul, following Osman I and the founding of the Ottoman state — among the most-watched Turkish historical series worldwide.ربيع قرطبة
Hatem Ali's Syrian series on the Andalusian fitna and the fall of the Umayyad caliphate of Cordoba in 1009 — a landmark Arabic drama on al-Andalus.رحلة إلى مكة
An IMAX docudrama dramatising Ibn Battuta's first pilgrimage in 1325, filmed alongside real modern hajj footage inside the Haram.رجال أحرار
Ismaël Ferroukhi's film on the Grand Mosque of Paris and rector Si Kaddour Benghabrit sheltering Jews under Nazi occupation — a true story of Muslim rescue.صلاح الدين: مسلسل الرسوم
MNC Animation's Malaysian series dramatising Saladin's youth for children, aired on Al Jazeera Children's Channel — among the first animated works on a major Islamic figure.سلمان الفارسي
Davoud Mirbagheri's Iranian mega-series on Salman al-Farisi's journey from Persia to Islam and his meeting with the Prophet — Iran's largest recent religious production.المنير
Hanung Bramantyo's film on Ahmad Dahlan, founder of Muhammadiyah, and the early years of Indonesia's Islamic reform movement in Yogyakarta.صقر قريش
An Arabic series on Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil — 'the falcon of Quraysh' — and his escape from the Abbasid massacre to found Umayyad rule in al-Andalus.شهيد كوفه
Davoud Mirbagheri's Iranian series on Ali ibn Abi Talib from the Prophet's death to his martyrdom in Kufa; Ali is depicted on screen, per Shia convention.سيدّو
Ousmane Sembène's Senegalese classic about a village resisting Islam, Christianity and colonialism alike — a pillar of African cinema portraying Islam's arrival with a critical eye.صعود الإمبراطوريات: العثمانيون
A Netflix docudrama series on Mehmed II's conquest of Constantinople and its aftermath, blending Turkish dramatic scenes with historians' commentary.طريق إلى مكة: رحلة محمد أسد
Georg Misch's Austrian documentary retracing Leopold Weiss's transformation into Muhammad Asad — Vienna to Jerusalem to Mecca — through his book The Road to Mecca.عمر
An MBC historical series following the life of Umar ibn al-Khattab from the Jahiliya to his assassination as caliph; the Prophet is neither shown nor heard.عمر المختار: أسد الصحراء
Moustapha Akkad's film starring Anthony Quinn as the Libyan resistance leader Omar al-Mukhtar; banned in Italy for decades for its depiction of the fascist campaign.واإسلاماه
Salah Abu Seif's Egyptian classic on Mamluk Egypt's resistance to the Mongol invasion after the fall of Baghdad.زمان دمشق
Ebrahim Hatamikia's Iranian film about pilots flying aid into besieged Syria under ISIS attack — a major contemporary Iranian war production.يونس إمره: رحلة الحب
A TRT series about the Sufi poet Yunus Emre and his apprenticeship under Taptuk Emre — one of few television dramas centred on a Sufi's life.يوسف الصديق
A 45-episode Iranian series telling the complete story of the prophet Joseph; dubbed into dozens of languages and among Iran's most successful religious dramas.- تصنیف
الأوراق — الصولي
al-Suli's Awraq, on the Abbasids only, which al-Suyuti inspected. - تصنیف
الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة
Ibn Hajar's five-volume discrimination of the Companions — gathering the Istīʿab, its supplement and Usd al-ghaba with many additions of his own; al-Suyuti abridged it as 'Ayn al-isaba'. - تصنیف
الروض الأنف في شرح السيرة النبوية
Al-Suhayli's celebrated commentary on Ibn Hisham's Sira. - تصنیف
الشفا بتعريف حقوق المصطفى
Qadi 'Iyad's book on the Prophet's due and his noble traits — 'none was composed like it before', says Ibn al-'Imad. - تصنیف
أنساب الأشراف
Al-Baladhuri's Ansab al-Ashraf — 'a large, highly useful book'; twenty volumes were written of it without completion. - تصنیف
أنساب حمير وملوكها
Ibn Hisham's Ansab Himyar wa-Mulukiha — the genealogies and kings of Himyar, by the author of the Sira. - تصنیف
كتاب حاطب إلى قريش
The letter Hatib ibn Abi Balta'a sent to warn Quraysh that the Prophet had resolved to march on Mecca; hidden in a woman's braided hair, it was intercepted at al-Khaliqa and its contents known. - تصنیف
موسوعة أعلام العلماء والأدباء العرب والمسلمين
An institutional encyclopedia in eight volumes of alphabetically arranged biographies of Arab and Muslim scholars and writers — an ALECSO project — recording for each figure his lineage, upbringing, achievements and works, with indexes and sources. - تصنیف
نسب قريش
Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar's Nasab Quraysh — the genealogies of Quraysh, with Muwarrij al-Sadusi's epitome. - تصنیف
نساء حول الرسول: تراجم وقصص
A single-volume collection of biographies and stories covering the Prophet's mothers (Amina, Halima, Umm Ayman, Fatima bint Asad), his thirteen wives and Maria al-Qibtiyya, twenty-five female Companions, his four daughters and three granddaughters, in a simple narrative style; compiled by Muhammad Ali al-Qutb, Muhammad Umar al-Da'uq and Ahmad Abd al-Jawad al-Dumi. - تصنیف
طبقات الفقهاء
Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's biographical dictionary of jurists by generations, focusing on the Shafi'i school and on the transmission of teaching within it. - تصنیف
تاريخ الخلفاء
Al-Suyuti's compact history: biographies of the caliphs, commanders of the faithful charged with the umma's affairs, from Abu Bakr's era to his own day in chronological order — with each entry the notable incidents of his days and the deaths and appointments of scholars, amirs and governors. - تصنیف
تاريخ مدينة دمشق
Ibn 'Asakir's great history of Damascus — eight hundred parts in eighty volumes. - تصنیف
تاريخ خلفاء بني العباس — أبو موسى هارون
the prince Abu Musa Harun ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi's Abbasid-caliph history. - تصنیف
تاريخ خلفاء بني العباس — ابن الجوزي
Ibn al-Jawzi's Abbasid-caliph history, seen by al-Suyuti ending in al-Nasir's days. - تصنیف
تاريخ الخلفاء — ابن أبي طاهر
Abu al-Fadl Ahmad ibn Abi Tahir al-Marwazi the scribe and poet's caliph history; he died 280h. - تصنیف
تاريخ الخلفاء — نفطويه
Naftawayh the grammarian's history of the caliphs in two volumes, ending in al-Qahir's days — per al-Suyuti's opening fa'ida. - تصنیف
وفيات الأعيان وأنباء أبناء الزمان
Ibn Khallikan's dictionary of notable deaths — 'a precious book on the deaths of the notables'.