الفاظ · اسلام میوزیم

† ہجری تاریخ عیسوی/جولین تاریخ سے حساب کے ذریعے نکالی گئی ہے؛ یہ منتقل شدہ تاریخ سے ایک یا دو دن مختلف ہو سکتی ہے۔

تصور
أحرف الجمل على أسماء ملوك مدين
al-Mas'udi's etymology of the abjad numeral letters — the 29 letters of the abjad order named after six kings of Shu'ayb's people: Abjad of Mecca and the Hijaz, Hawwaz and Hutti of Wajj (the Ta'if and Najd lands), and Kalamn, Sa'fas and Qursht of Madyan or Egypt.
تصور
الأحرف السبعة
The Prophet's saying 'the Qur'an was revealed in seven ahruf, so read of it what is easy' — narrated through Umar's dispute with Hisham ibn Hakim over Surat al-Furqan; its exact meaning is one of the widest debates in Qur'anic sciences.
تصور
الحديث النبوي
Hadith is what is transmitted of the Prophet's words, deeds, tacit approvals and descriptions, reaching us through a chain of narrators ending at him; it is Islam's second source after the Qur'an, expounding its generals and fixing the details of worship, dealings, biography and conduct. It was gathered into works arranged by legal chapter or by narrator's musnad, most famously the six books.
تصور
الشمائل المحمدية
Shama'il is the hadith genre gathering what is transmitted of the Prophet's form and character — his hair, gait, speech, food, gathering, laughter and weeping: the complete physical and moral portrait as his family and Companions conveyed it. Its most famous compilation is al-Tirmidhi's Shama'il Muhammadiyya, with which he closed his Jami', until it circulated and was commented on as a discipline of its own.
تصور
السيرة النبوية
The Prophetic sira is the transmitted history of the Prophet's life: his birth and upbringing, his call in Mecca, the Hijra, his campaigns and his death, with the connected record of his Companions and family. It grew out of the maghazi and athar reports transmitted by isnad in Ibn Ishaq's school, then became its own genre chronicling the twenty-three years that changed the world.
تصور
التنحْمير — بقايا اللسان الحميري
Al-Hamdani's register of the peninsula's tongues records that the highland Himyar and Ja'da keep 'something of tanahmir' — Himyaritic speech — eliding consonants: 'bi-bn Ma'am' for 'bi-bn al-'amm', 'simmi'' for 'isma''. He counts Kinda and Hamdan the most eloquent of the south, says Mahra's speech resembles the 'ajam's, and names Nahj, Abyan and Dathina the purest — the earliest detailed witness to Old Himyaritic surviving on fourth-century tongues.
تصور
أقسام التأليف السبعة
Hajji Khalifa's seven legitimate kinds of authorship — invention of what none preceded in, completion of the deficient, explication of the obscure, epitome without loss of meaning, collection of the scattered, ordering of the muddled, correction of a predecessor's error — plus the five benefits a late book must add and the eight conventional ru'us every author states in his opening.
تصور
الطب العربي في المدارس الأوروبية
Arslan argues that Arab medical books were the standard teaching texts in European schools until the late sixteenth century, when Europeans began translating Hippocrates directly from Greek. He quotes a French historian praising the clarity of Arab writers on scientific subjects. He uses this to show the Arab role in transmitting and developing learning, and relies on European writers he did not check here.
تصور
عرق الفيل
The musk-like secretion on Indian elephants' foreheads in their season of frenzy — gathered at its appearing for the kings' costliest unguents and worn by their champions into battle, while the maddened bull ranges a month before sobering home.
تصور
تسمية العرب لأبنائهم على أسماء النبات
Al-Hamdani observes that the Arabs inclined to name their men after thorny grazing shrubs — for the hardness, sharpness and drought-endurance in them: Talha, Samura, Awsaja, 'Urfuta, Qanada, 'Isiya, Sabra — and their women after the soft plants and fruits: Ghilqa, Bashama, Busra, Sahamma.
تصور
أسماء الأيام والشهور في الجاهلية
The Arabs' Jahiliyya week — Awwal, Ahwan, Jubar, Dubar, Mu'nis, 'Aruba, Shiyar — and their months: Natiq for Muharram, Thaqil for Safar, then Taliq, Najir, Aslakh, Amih, Ahlak, Kasa', Zahir, Bark, Harf and Ta'ss for Dhu al-Hijja; the Sabbath named for the severing of creation's week.
تصور
الأطمة
al-Mas'udi's term for a spring of fire rising from the earth — Sicily's al-Burkan, Wadi Barhut in Hadramawt, the vents of Zabaj and Ask near Arrajan, and the burning water of Nu'man in Masabadhan, one of the world's wonders.
تصور
أيام العجوز
The seven bitter days at February's end — Sinn, Sinabbar, Wabr, Amir, Mu'tamir, Mu'allal and Mutfi' al-Jamr in the Arabs' naming — closing winter before the sun enters Aries.
تصور
الأيام النحسات
Every Wednesday falling on the fourth of the month in the Arabs' reckoning — the fourth past, the fourteenth, the fourteenth remaining and the twenty-fourth.
تصور
أيام التشريق
The days of Mina — second of the slaughter through the thirteenth of Dhu al-Hijja — whose name is disputed: meat sun-dried at Mina, the dispersal home, the open prayer-grounds called mashariq, or the 'tashriq' beast-slaughter.
تصور
درفش كاوان
The leather standard raised against al-Dahhak by Afridun's host — 'darafsh' glossed in Old Persian as the banner, the outspread, the flag.
تصور
الحديث القدسي
A hadith qudsi is what the Prophet related from his Lord, marked in the chains by the formula 'among what he relates from his Lord' — as in Abu Dharr's 'O My servants, I have forbidden injustice to Myself', transmitted by Muslim (2577), the first sacred hadith in al-Nawawi's Forty — while al-Tirmidhi's wording states 'God Almighty says' explicitly; the Imam Ahmad called it the noblest hadith of the people of Syria, and its narrator Abu Idris al-Khawlani would kneel on his knees whenever he transmitted it, as Sa'id ibn Abd al-Aziz related of him from Rabi'a ibn Yazid.
تصور
الإسناد
The isnad is the chain of men linking a hadith's text back to the Prophet or a Companion — 'so-and-so told us from so-and-so'; by it the muhaddithun judged a report sound or weak, examining narrators for integrity and precision and the chain for continuity. Muslim opened his Sahih with the isnad's dignity and its guarding against fabrication, so that it came to be counted among this community's distinguishing marks.
تصور
الكتب الستة
The 'six books' of later convention: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abi Dawud, Jami' al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Nasa'i and Sunan Ibn Majah — the principal chapter-arranged hadith collections that became the community's widest hadith reference from the fifth century; some lists substitute the Muwatta or the Musnad of Ahmad for Ibn Majah.
تصور
قول العرب في ليالي الشهور القمرية
The Arabs' question-and-answer litany on the moon each night of the month — first night 'a suckling kid, its folk milked into a pail', two 'tales of two false tribes', eight 'a loaf split by brothers', thirteen 'a dazzling moon', fifteen 'the full, the days spent' — through the month's wane.
تصور
مقياس النيل
The Nile gauge in al-Mas'udi's account: sixteen cubits means full kharaj, seventeen the perfect flood, eighteen floods a quarter of Egypt and augurs plague — the record nineteen came in 99 under Umar II; the gauge's thirteenth and fourteenth cubits are named Munkar and Nakir and below them Egypt prays for rain; the four great canals open at the Feast of the Cross on 14 Tut.
تصور
علم مصطلح الحديث
Mustalah al-hadith is the science of the states of chain and text — sahih, hasan, da'if; mawquf, marfu', maqtu'; muttasil, munqati', mu'dal, mursal — and the reconciliation and hidden defects of transmissions. It began in the early muhaddithun's obiter dicta, then gained its own manuals; the earliest surviving systematic statement is Muslim's introduction to his Sahih, later epitomised in works like Ibn al-Salah's Muqaddima.
تصور
القومية العثمانية الإسلامية والقومية التركية الطورانية
In Arslan's commentary on Stoddard, two currents among Ottoman Turks are described: an Ottoman-Islamic one that roots Ottoman culture in Arabic and Persian learning, and a Turanian one that stresses Turkic-Mongol origins and wants Arabic and Persian loanwords removed from Turkish. Arslan reports the Turanian camp's admiration for Chinggis Khan. The entry describes his account as a participant's view and is not a neutral verdict.
تصور
القيافة
The art of tracing likeness — reading footprints and kinship resemblance: debated by the ancients, a speciality of Banu Mudlij and the Mudar tribes, famous in the Jafar trackers and in the Qurashi pursuers whom the spider's web turned back at the cave of Thawr; jurists disputed its evidential force.
تصور
مسألة ترجمة القرآن الكريم وإقامة الصلاة بالترجمة
In Arslan's commentary, scholars disagree over translating the Qur'an and praying in other languages. He reports that Hanafis and Hanbalis permitted translation for teaching and explanation, a Shafi'i opinion did the same, and Malik forbade it; reading or writing the scripture in another language is forbidden. He reports the dispute flared in Turkey in 1932 when some began praying in Turkish. The entry records these positions as the commentator reports them; Arslan's own preference is for keeping the Arabic text.
تصور
شهور الفرس
The Persian year of twelve thirty-day months — Farwardin opening on Nowruz, Mihrmah's sixteenth the Mihragan, Aban's feast-days and the five Furudjan at its end, Adharmah's first day bringing the Kawsaj's mule-ride through Iraq and Fars, then Day, Bahman and Isfandarmadh, with the five stolen days after.
تصور
تقسيم العلوم عند حاجي خليفة
In Kashf al-Zunun's fourth fasl Hajji Khalifa gathers the classifiers' schemes: the Allama al-Hafid's bipartition into sciences written by the shar'-scholars (qira'a, hadith, tafsir, kalam, fiqh, usul, adab, plus the Sufis' tasawwuf) versus the philosophers', his own ruling that jadal belongs to the shar'i fold since the hakims never codified it, and the Fawa'id Khaqaniyya's nazari/amali and instrumental/non-instrumental splits.
تصور
آطام يثرب
An utm is a high fortified tower; pre-Hijra Yathrib was a town of separate towers rather than contiguous houses — Ibn al-Najjar counts fifty-nine utum for the Jews and thirteen for the Arabs settled among them before the Aws and Khazraj, and Ibn Zabala names many. Al-Samhudi names several: the Shab'an tower of Banu 'Ukka in Thamgh of 'Umar's endowment, the Shar'i tower of the Shawt folk below Dhubab, the Walij tower by its end toward Qanat, the two 'Shaykhan' towers held by Jews at the depression of the mosque where the Prophet prayed marching to Uhud, and the two towers of the Zabala folk by Abu'l-Hurra's mound. Among the Aws–Khazraj towers after the Jews' subjugation: 'Waqim', built by Banu Abd al-Ashhal for Hudayr ibn Simak and giving its name to the quarter; 'al-Ra'l' of Sakhra umm Banu Abd al-Ashhal, their battle-pride at Bu'ath; 'al-Musayyir' of Banu Haritha, in which they were besieged; and 'al-Rayyan' of Banu Mujadhdhi'a ibn Haritha by their mosque in their second quarter.
تصور
الزجر والعيافة
Augury — the zajr of birds, tafa'ul and tatayyur, the sanih and barih: counted among the Arabs' specialities, zajr belonging to Banu Asad as kahana to Yemen; mountaineers and desert-dwellers were the readiest augurs.
واقعہ
دار العلم بالقاهرة
تقریباً 1009 عیسوی · 400 ھAl-Hakim's early piety built Cairo's Dar al-Ilm, gathered jurists and hadith-men and raised the Jami' al-Hakimi — for three years; then he turned to killing men of learning, closed the house and barred much good.
واقعہ
قدوم وفد بني تميم ومفاخرتهم النبي
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھUtarid ibn Hajib led the notables of Banu Tamim to the Prophet in 9 AH, with al-Aqra' ibn Habis, al-Zibriqan ibn Badr, Amr ibn al-Ahtam, al-Hutat ibn Yazid, Qays ibn Asim and others, and Uyayna ibn Hisn with them. They called him from behind his apartments, then challenged him to a boasting contest; Thabit ibn Qays answered Utarid and Hassan answered al-Zibriqan, al-Aqra' conceded that the Muslims' orator and poet were better, and they embraced Islam and were given gifts. The opening of sura al-Hujurat was revealed about them.
واقعہ
خطبة عرفة الجامعة
مارچ 632 عیسوی · 9 ذوالحجہ 10 ھOn the Day of Arafa, 9 Dhu al-Hijja 10 AH, the Prophet stood at the foot of the valley before more than a hundred thousand pilgrims and delivered the comprehensive sermon: sanctity of blood and property, abolition of pagan blood-feuds and usury beginning with his own house, counsel on women, the pledge of the Book of God, and the testimony 'have I conveyed?' ومنها عند البخاري قوله «إن الزمان قد استدار كهيئته يوم خلق الله السماوات والأرض، السنة اثنا عشر شهراً منها أربعة حرم: ثلاث متواليات ذو القعدة وذو الحجة والمحرم، ورجب مضر الذي بين جمادى وشعبان».
واقعہ
الخطبة الأخيرة على المنبر
تقریباً 25 مئی 632 عیسوی · 7 ربیع الاول 11 ھFive days before his death the Prophet, head bandaged, sat on the minbar and warned against taking graves as places of worship, offered himself to retaliation for any wrong, counselled generosity toward the Ansar 'accept from their well-doer and overlook their wrongdoer', spoke of a servant who chose what is with God, and ordered every door into the mosque shut except Abu Bakr's.
واقعہ
كتاب مسيلمة إلى النبي والجواب عنه
تقریباً مارچ 632 عیسوی · تقریباً ذوالحجہ 10 ھAt the end of 10 AH Musaylima ibn Habib wrote to the Prophet: from Musaylima the messenger of God to Muhammad the messenger of God; I have been made a partner with you in the matter, half the earth is ours and half Quraysh's, but Quraysh are a people who transgress. Two envoys brought it. The Prophet asked what they themselves said; they said, as he says; he said that were envoys not immune from death he would have struck off their heads, then wrote: from Muhammad the messenger of God to Musaylima the liar, peace on whoever follows guidance; the earth is God's, He gives it to whom He wills of His servants, and the outcome is for the God-fearing.
واقعہ
خطبة يوم النحر بمنى
مارچ 632 عیسوی · 10 ذوالحجہ 10 ھOn 10 Dhu al-Hijja the Prophet preached at Mina mounted on a grey mule while Ali relayed his words: time has come full circle as on the day of creation; the sacred months are four; blood, property and honour are inviolable; and let the witness inform the absent.
واقعہ
توحيد المصحف في خلافة عثمان
تقریباً 650 عیسوی · تقریباً 30 ھHudhayfa ibn al-Yaman, alarmed at the readers' divergence during the Armenia-Azerbaijan campaign, pressed Uthman to save the community before it split over the Book; Uthman borrowed Hafsa's codex, commissioned Zayd ibn Thabit and three Qurashis to copy it into masahif — 'write it in the tongue of Quraysh' — sent a copy to every garrison city and ordered all other codices burned.
نمائش
الحديث النبوي: من السماع إلى الصحيح
A trail through the hadith sciences in seven stations: what a hadith is, the isnad that conveys it, the six books, the science of methodology, the sira that preserves its context, the shama'il that preserve the Prophet's portrait, and selected texts from the Sahih — a doorway into the museum's Prophetic-word shelves.
نادر شے
الكتاب النبوي لتميم الداري
The scrap of leather bearing the Prophet's grant of Hebron, al-Martum, Bayt Aynun and Bayt Ibrahim to Tamim al-Dari and his brothers, in bold Kufic; al-Umari saw it with his own eyes in 745 when Nasir al-Din al-Khalili al-Tamimi produced it — kept in a black silk-and-cotton sleeve from the caliph al-Mustadi's own cuff inside an ebony box wrapped in silk, and Umari copied it from al-Mustadi's authenticated transcript noting Ali ibn Abi Talib wrote it with Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman as witnesses; al-Safadi quotes Abu Bakr al-Arabi who saw it, and al-Qalqashandi records it still in the Tamimis' hands toward 821, produced before the sultan whenever their right was contested.
نادر شے
المصحف العثماني بقرطبة
The Uthmanic codex of Cordoba, held to be one of the four Uthman sent to the garrison cities; Abd al-Mu'min b. Ali carried it out of Cordoba on 11 Shawwal 552, the Almohads bore it on campaign for blessing until the amir Sa'id's defeat near Tlemcen in 645 scattered it to the Zayyanid treasury, whence Abu l-Hasan al-Marini took it in Ramadan 737, lost it at Tarifa in 741 into Portugal, and redeemed it through an Azemmour merchant to Fes by 745; Ibn Abd al-Malik doubted the blood-of-Uthman claim, and al-Tujibi had seen the Damascene copy in the Umayyad mosque's maqsura in 657 and the Meccan under Qubbat al-Turab.
عبارت
سورة الفاتحة
Sura 1 of the Qur'an, Al-Fatiha, has 7 verses.
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سورة يونس
Sura 10 of the Qur'an, Yunus, has 109 verses.
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سورة العاديات
Sura 100 of the Qur'an, Al-Adiyat, has 11 verses.
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سورة القارعة
Sura 101 of the Qur'an, Al-Qari'a, has 11 verses.
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سورة التكاثر
Sura 102 of the Qur'an, At-Takathur, has 8 verses.
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سورة العصر
Sura 103 of the Qur'an, Al-Asr, has 3 verses.
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سورة الهمزة
Sura 104 of the Qur'an, Al-Humaza, has 9 verses.
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سورة الفيل
Sura 105 of the Qur'an, Al-Fil, has 5 verses.
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سورة قريش
Sura 106 of the Qur'an, Quraysh, has 4 verses.
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سورة الماعون
Sura 107 of the Qur'an, Al-Ma'un, has 7 verses.
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سورة الكوثر
Sura 108 of the Qur'an, Al-Kawthar, has 3 verses.
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سورة الكافرون
Sura 109 of the Qur'an, Al-Kafirun, has 6 verses.
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سورة هود
Sura 11 of the Qur'an, Hud, has 123 verses.
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سورة النصر
Sura 110 of the Qur'an, An-Nasr, has 3 verses.
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سورة المسد
Sura 111 of the Qur'an, Al-Masad, has 5 verses.
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سورة الإخلاص
Sura 112 of the Qur'an, Al-Ikhlas, has 4 verses.
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سورة الفلق
Sura 113 of the Qur'an, Al-Falaq, has 5 verses.
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سورة الناس
Sura 114 of the Qur'an, An-Nas, has 6 verses.
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سورة يوسف
Sura 12 of the Qur'an, Yusuf, has 111 verses.
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سورة الرعد
Sura 13 of the Qur'an, Ar-Ra'd, has 43 verses.
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سورة إبراهيم
Sura 14 of the Qur'an, Ibrahim, has 52 verses.
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سورة الحجر
Sura 15 of the Qur'an, Al-Hijr, has 99 verses.
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سورة النحل
Sura 16 of the Qur'an, An-Nahl, has 128 verses.
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سورة الإسراء
Sura 17 of the Qur'an, Al-Isra, has 111 verses.
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سورة الكهف
Sura 18 of the Qur'an, Al-Kahf, has 110 verses.
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سورة مريم
Sura 19 of the Qur'an, Maryam, has 98 verses.
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سورة البقرة
Sura 2 of the Qur'an, Al-Baqara, has 286 verses.
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سورة طه
Sura 20 of the Qur'an, Ta-Ha, has 135 verses.
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سورة الأنبياء
Sura 21 of the Qur'an, Al-Anbiya, has 112 verses.
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سورة الحج
Sura 22 of the Qur'an, Al-Hajj, has 78 verses.
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سورة المؤمنون
Sura 23 of the Qur'an, Al-Mu'minun, has 118 verses.
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سورة النور
Sura 24 of the Qur'an, An-Nur, has 64 verses.
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سورة الفرقان
Sura 25 of the Qur'an, Al-Furqan, has 77 verses.
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سورة الشعراء
Sura 26 of the Qur'an, Ash-Shu'ara, has 227 verses.
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سورة النمل
Sura 27 of the Qur'an, An-Naml, has 93 verses.
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سورة القصص
Sura 28 of the Qur'an, Al-Qasas, has 88 verses.
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سورة العنكبوت
Sura 29 of the Qur'an, Al-Ankabut, has 69 verses.
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سورة آل عمران
Sura 3 of the Qur'an, Al Imran, has 200 verses.
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سورة الروم
Sura 30 of the Qur'an, Ar-Rum, has 60 verses.
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سورة لقمان
Sura 31 of the Qur'an, Luqman, has 34 verses.
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سورة السجدة
Sura 32 of the Qur'an, As-Sajda, has 30 verses.
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سورة الأحزاب
Sura 33 of the Qur'an, Al-Ahzab, has 73 verses.
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سورة سبأ
Sura 34 of the Qur'an, Saba, has 54 verses.
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سورة فاطر
Sura 35 of the Qur'an, Fatir, has 45 verses.
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سورة يس
Sura 36 of the Qur'an, Ya-Sin, has 83 verses.
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سورة الصافات
Sura 37 of the Qur'an, As-Saffat, has 182 verses.
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سورة ص
Sura 38 of the Qur'an, Sad, has 88 verses.
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سورة الزمر
Sura 39 of the Qur'an, Az-Zumar, has 75 verses.
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سورة النساء
Sura 4 of the Qur'an, An-Nisa, has 176 verses.
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سورة غافر
Sura 40 of the Qur'an, Ghafir, has 85 verses.
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سورة فصلت
Sura 41 of the Qur'an, Fussilat, has 54 verses.
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سورة الشورى
Sura 42 of the Qur'an, Ash-Shura, has 53 verses.
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سورة الزخرف
Sura 43 of the Qur'an, Az-Zukhruf, has 89 verses.
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سورة الدخان
Sura 44 of the Qur'an, Ad-Dukhan, has 59 verses.
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سورة الجاثية
Sura 45 of the Qur'an, Al-Jathiya, has 37 verses.
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سورة الأحقاف
Sura 46 of the Qur'an, Al-Ahqaf, has 35 verses.
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سورة محمد
Sura 47 of the Qur'an, Muhammad, has 38 verses.
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سورة الفتح
Sura 48 of the Qur'an, Al-Fath, has 29 verses.
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سورة الحجرات
Sura 49 of the Qur'an, Al-Hujurat, has 18 verses.
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سورة المائدة
Sura 5 of the Qur'an, Al-Ma'ida, has 120 verses.
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سورة ق
Sura 50 of the Qur'an, Qaf, has 45 verses.
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سورة الذاريات
Sura 51 of the Qur'an, Adh-Dhariyat, has 60 verses.
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سورة الطور
Sura 52 of the Qur'an, At-Tur, has 49 verses.
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سورة النجم
Sura 53 of the Qur'an, An-Najm, has 62 verses.
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سورة القمر
Sura 54 of the Qur'an, Al-Qamar, has 55 verses.
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سورة الرحمن
Sura 55 of the Qur'an, Ar-Rahman, has 78 verses.
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سورة الواقعة
Sura 56 of the Qur'an, Al-Waqi'a, has 96 verses.
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سورة الحديد
Sura 57 of the Qur'an, Al-Hadid, has 29 verses.
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سورة المجادلة
Sura 58 of the Qur'an, Al-Mujadila, has 22 verses.
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سورة الحشر
Sura 59 of the Qur'an, Al-Hashr, has 24 verses.
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سورة الأنعام
Sura 6 of the Qur'an, Al-An'am, has 165 verses.
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سورة الممتحنة
Sura 60 of the Qur'an, Al-Mumtahana, has 13 verses.
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سورة الصف
Sura 61 of the Qur'an, As-Saff, has 14 verses.
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سورة الجمعة
Sura 62 of the Qur'an, Al-Jumu'a, has 11 verses.
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سورة المنافقون
Sura 63 of the Qur'an, Al-Munafiqun, has 11 verses.
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سورة التغابن
Sura 64 of the Qur'an, At-Taghabun, has 18 verses.
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سورة الطلاق
Sura 65 of the Qur'an, At-Talaq, has 12 verses.
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سورة التحريم
Sura 66 of the Qur'an, At-Tahrim, has 12 verses.
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سورة الملك
Sura 67 of the Qur'an, Al-Mulk, has 30 verses.
عبارت
سورة القلم
Sura 68 of the Qur'an, Al-Qalam, has 52 verses.
عبارت
سورة الحاقة
Sura 69 of the Qur'an, Al-Haqqa, has 52 verses.
عبارت
سورة الأعراف
Sura 7 of the Qur'an, Al-A'raf, has 206 verses.
عبارت
سورة المعارج
Sura 70 of the Qur'an, Al-Ma'arij, has 44 verses.
عبارت
سورة نوح
Sura 71 of the Qur'an, Nuh, has 28 verses.
عبارت
سورة الجن
Sura 72 of the Qur'an, Al-Jinn, has 28 verses.
عبارت
سورة المزمل
Sura 73 of the Qur'an, Al-Muzzammil, has 20 verses.
عبارت
سورة المدثر
Sura 74 of the Qur'an, Al-Muddaththir, has 56 verses.
عبارت
سورة القيامة
Sura 75 of the Qur'an, Al-Qiyama, has 40 verses.
عبارت
سورة الإنسان
Sura 76 of the Qur'an, Al-Insan, has 31 verses.
عبارت
سورة المرسلات
Sura 77 of the Qur'an, Al-Mursalat, has 50 verses.
عبارت
سورة النبأ
Sura 78 of the Qur'an, An-Naba, has 40 verses.
عبارت
سورة النازعات
Sura 79 of the Qur'an, An-Nazi'at, has 46 verses.
عبارت
سورة الأنفال
Sura 8 of the Qur'an, Al-Anfal, has 75 verses.
عبارت
سورة عبس
Sura 80 of the Qur'an, Abasa, has 42 verses.
عبارت
سورة التكوير
Sura 81 of the Qur'an, At-Takwir, has 29 verses.
عبارت
سورة الانفطار
Sura 82 of the Qur'an, Al-Infitar, has 19 verses.
عبارت
سورة المطففين
Sura 83 of the Qur'an, Al-Mutaffifin, has 36 verses.
عبارت
سورة الانشقاق
Sura 84 of the Qur'an, Al-Inshiqaq, has 25 verses.
عبارت
سورة البروج
Sura 85 of the Qur'an, Al-Buruj, has 22 verses.
عبارت
سورة الطارق
Sura 86 of the Qur'an, At-Tariq, has 17 verses.
عبارت
سورة الأعلى
Sura 87 of the Qur'an, Al-A'la, has 19 verses.
عبارت
سورة الغاشية
Sura 88 of the Qur'an, Al-Ghashiya, has 26 verses.
عبارت
سورة الفجر
Sura 89 of the Qur'an, Al-Fajr, has 30 verses.
عبارت
سورة التوبة
Sura 9 of the Qur'an, At-Tawba, has 129 verses.
عبارت
سورة البلد
Sura 90 of the Qur'an, Al-Balad, has 20 verses.
عبارت
سورة الشمس
Sura 91 of the Qur'an, Ash-Shams, has 15 verses.
عبارت
سورة الليل
Sura 92 of the Qur'an, Al-Layl, has 21 verses.
عبارت
سورة الضحى
Sura 93 of the Qur'an, Ad-Duha, has 11 verses.
عبارت
سورة الشرح
Sura 94 of the Qur'an, Ash-Sharh, has 8 verses.
عبارت
سورة التين
Sura 95 of the Qur'an, At-Tin, has 8 verses.
عبارت
سورة العلق
Sura 96 of the Qur'an, Al-Alaq, has 19 verses.
عبارت
سورة القدر
Sura 97 of the Qur'an, Al-Qadr, has 5 verses.
عبارت
سورة البينة
Sura 98 of the Qur'an, Al-Bayyina, has 8 verses.
عبارت
سورة الزلزلة
Sura 99 of the Qur'an, Az-Zalzala, has 8 verses.
شخصیت
أبان اللاحقي
A poet and man of letters from Basra who attached himself to the Barmakids and served as their poet; he versified the Kalila wa-Dimna in verse.
شخصیت
عبد الغفار الأخرس
تقریباً 1805 عیسوی · تقریباً 1220 ھ†A poet from Mosul who moved to Baghdad and grew up there. He was called al-Akhras because of a speech impediment.
شخصیت
عبد الحميد بن باديس
1889 عیسوی · 1307 ھAn Algerian scholar and leader of the reform movement, born in Constantine in 1889 and died in 1940.
شخصیت
عبد الجبار الجومرد
1909 عیسوی · 1328 ھAn Iraqi historian born in Mosul in 1909, raised in a learned household.
شخصیت
عبد القادر البغدادي
1621 عیسوی · 1030 ھBorn in Baghdad, he was drawn to literature and the study of Arabic from childhood. He wrote Khizanat al-Adab.
شخصیت
عبد القادر الجيلاني
1078 عیسوی · 470 ھOne of the major masters of Sunni Sufism, named after Gilan. He had a large influence on preaching and spiritual guidance.
شخصیت
عبد القاهر الجرجاني
The grammarian 'Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, Shafi'i-Ash'ari master of thirty-volume works and the terse al-Jumal and al-'Umda; a thief once emptied his house while he prayed and he did not break his prayer, and he wrote bitter verse — 'live as an ass and live happy: luck rides the stars of the beasts'.
شخصیت
عبد الرحمن الجبرتي
1754 عیسوی · 1167 ھThe historian of Egypt, who recorded its events and the lives of its men in the era of the French expedition and after.
شخصیت
عبد الرحمن الكواكبي
1849 عیسوی · 1265 ھ†Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi (1849–1902 CE) of Aleppo — the reformist author of Umm al-Qura and Taba'i' al-Istibdad, which 'resounded on their publication'.
شخصیت
عبد الرحمن الثعالبي
1385 عیسوی · 786 ھAn Algerian scholar linked to the Tha'aliba tribe, who lived on the Mitija plain.
شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بدوي
1917 عیسوی · 1336 ھAn Egyptian professor of philosophy and one of the most important historians of Arab philosophy. He helped establish philosophical study in the Arab world.
شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن هرمز الأعرج
The Successor traditionist Abd al-Rahman ibn Hormoz al-A'raj, who met several Companions and transmitted from them; his best-known kunya is Abu Dawud.
شخصیت
عبد الرحمن بن زياد بن أنعم
694 عیسوی · 75 ھThe scholar, traditionist and judge Abu Khalid Abd al-Rahman ibn Ziyad ibn An'am al-Mu'afiri al-Sha'bani, known in the African East; he transmitted hadith and held judicial office.
شخصیت
عبد الرزاق البيطار
1837 عیسوی · 1253 ھ†Abd al-Razzaq al-Bitar (d. 1335 AH/1917 CE) — Damascene reformist scholar and author of Hilyat al-Bashar, the biographical dictionary of the thirteenth century AH.
شخصیت
عبد الوهاب بن علي البغدادي
973 عیسوی · 362 ھA Maliki jurist, legal theorist, hadith scholar and poet from Baghdad, known as Ibn Nasr.
شخصیت
عبد الواحد بن زيد
An ascetic, exemplar and preacher, known as the leading worshipper of Basra. He transmitted from al-Hasan al-Basri and Ata' ibn Abi Rabah.
شخصیت
عبد الله بن أيوب التيمي
A hadith scholar of Basra, a client of the Taym Allah clan.
شخصیت
عبد الله بن مسلمة القعنبي
A memorizing, devout and authoritative hadith scholar from Medina.
شخصیت
عبد الله بن مقداد الأقفهسي
1344 عیسوی · 745 ھThe Maliki jurist Jamal al-Din Abd Allah ibn Miqdad al-Aqfahsi of Cairo, to whom the leadership of the Maliki school and fatwa in Egypt passed in his time; he also held the judgeship.
شخصیت
إسكندر أبكاريوس
A Lebanese man of letters, poet, journalist and historian from an Armenian family settled in Beirut; one of the figures of the Arabic literary revival in the second half of the nineteenth century.
شخصیت
أبو العرب التميمي محمد بن أحمد
865 عیسوی · 251 ھA Maliki jurist, hadith scholar and historian from Kairouan.
شخصیت
أبو الأسود الدؤلي ظالم بن عمرو
A philologist and transmitter credited with the vowel-pointing of the Qur'an and the founding of Arabic grammar. His lineage goes back to al-Du'al ibn Bakr ibn Kinana.
شخصیت
أبو الخير الأرميوني
One of the mathematicians and astronomers of Egypt. Born in Armant in western Egypt; the nisba al-Azhari suggests he studied or taught at al-Azhar.
شخصیت
أبو السعود أفندي
The Ottoman shaykh al-islam Abu al-Su'ud Afandi, whose Irshad al-aql al-salim became the most celebrated tafsir since al-Baydawi's.
شخصیت
أبو الوفاء البوزجاني محمد بن محمد
940 عیسوی · 328 ھOne of the leading Muslim scholars of mathematics and astronomy, born in Buzjan in Khurasan.
شخصیت
أبو الوفا الغنيمي التفتازاني
1930 عیسوی · 1348 ھBorn in Kafr al-Ghunaymi in the Sharqiyya governorate of Egypt. He studied Islamic philosophy and Sufism.
شخصیت
أبو علي الحاتمي
The Baghdadi philologist-secretary al-Hatimi, pupil of Abu 'Umar al-Zahid and teacher of al-Tanukhi; his Risala Hatimiyya exposes al-Mutanabbi's plagiarisms, and when his shaykh visited him sick and found him gone to the bathhouse he chalked on his door 'strangest of things — an invalid visited who cannot be found'.
شخصیت
أبو علي المحسن التنوخي
938 عیسوی · 327 ھA judge and man of letters from the Tanukh tribe, who compiled reports on judges and on those who did good.
شخصیت
أبو عامر البلوي محمد بن أحمد
An Andalusian vizier and secretary, a man of learning and a poet.
شخصیت
أبو عوانة يعقوب بن إسحاق
845 عیسوی · 230 ھA hadith scholar, memorizer and jurist from Isfara'in, known for his extract on Sahih Muslim. He was the first to spread the Shafi'i school in Isfara'in.
شخصیت
أبو عزة الجمحي
شخصیت
أبو بكر بن أبي القاسم الأهدل
1576 عیسوی · 983 ھThe Tihami Sufi Abu Bakr ibn Abi al-Qasim ibn Ahmad al-Ahdal al-Husayni, born in 983 AH and died in 1035 AH; he wrote works on hadith, history and biography.
شخصیت
أبو داود السجستاني
تقریباً 817 عیسوی · 202 ھThe muhaddith of Sijistan, author of the Sunan counted among the six books; he travelled for hadith to Basra, Baghdad, Khurasan, al-Sham and Egypt, and restricted his collection to the reports bearing on rulings, arranged by legal chapter.
شخصیت
أبو حيان الغرناطي
Athir al-Din Abu Hayyan the grammarian — author of Irtishaf al-Darab min Lisan al-Arab, a two-volume grammar anthology.
شخصیت
أبو حيان التوحيدي
Abu Hayyan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Tawhidi, d. AH 380 — author of al-Imta' wal-Mu'anasa, the record of the Sahib ibn Abbad's literary nights.
شخصیت
أبو العلاء المعري
تقریباً دسمبر 973 عیسوی · 17 ربیع الاول 363 ھThe blind poet-philosopher of Ma'arra — 'prisoner of two gaols', his house and his sight, vegetarian forty-five years on the ancients' grounds that no animal should be made to suffer; author of the Luzum (five volumes), Saqt al-zand, the Risalat al-ghufran and commentaries on Abu Tammam, al-Buhturi and al-Mutanabbi; he died in 449 at eighty-six.
شخصیت
أبو الفرج الأصبهاني
Abu l-Faraj Ali b. al-Husayn al-Isfahani, author of the Aghani — fifty years of gathering and a single lifetime autograph; he died in 356.
شخصیت
أبو المغيرة عبد الوهاب بن حزم
Abu l-Mughira Abd al-Wahhab b. Hazm, self-described 'inimitable' of the chancery and bosom friend of Abu Amir Ibn Shuhayd — the pair proverbially inseparable 'like Malik and Aqil' until Ibn Shuhayd's fall; he tells how al-Mansur nearly unsheathed his sword over the singing-girl Uns al-Qulub's verses at Munyat al-Surur in al-Zahira; he died at Toledo in 438.
شخصیت
أبو نعيم الأصبهاني أحمد بن عبد الله
948 عیسوی · 336 ھA memorizing hadith scholar from Isfahan and a major compiler of hadith; he was distinguished by high-grade narration in the last years of his life.
شخصیت
أبو سعيد الخراز
A major Sufi, known for the station of trust in God.
شخصیت
أبو شامة الدمشقي
Shihab al-Din Abd al-Rahman ibn Isma'il, known as Abu Shama al-Dimashqi, d. AH 665 — author of Azhar al-Rawdatayn, the chronicle of Nur al-Din's and Salah al-Din's states.
شخصیت
أبو يعلى ابن الفراء
Abu Ya'la Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn al-Farra' al-Hanbali, d. Baghdad AH 458 — author of the Hanbali al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya.
شخصیت
أبو العباس عبد الله الأبياني
A scholar of Ifriqiya in the fourth century AH. Al-Asili and Abu al-Hasan al-Qabisi were among those who narrated from him; his lifetime spanned the late Aghlabid and early Fatimid periods.
شخصیت
عبد الهادي نجا الأبياري
1821 عیسوی · 1236 ھAn Egyptian grammarian trained at al-Azhar. He tutored the children of Khedive Isma'il and served as personal imam and mufti to Khedive Tawfiq.
شخصیت
علي بن إسماعيل الأبياري
1161 عیسوی · 557 ھFrom Abyar in the Gharbiya province of Egypt; born in 557 AH and died in 616 AH. The biographical dictionaries record him in works on homonymous names.
شخصیت
أفوقاي أحمد بن القاسم الحجري
1570 عیسوی · 977 ھAn Andalusian from the Red Stone quarter near Granada. He lived under Spanish rule and was known as al-Shihab.
شخصیت
أحمد عبد الستار الجواري
1922 عیسوی · 1341 ھAn Iraqi scholar born in Karkh, Baghdad, who held a doctorate and was a leading researcher of the Arabic heritage.
شخصیت
أحمد الغزالي
Abu Hamid al-Ghazali's brother, who abridged the Ihya' as Lubab al-ihya'; he died in 520.
شخصیت
شهاب الدين الحلواني أحمد بن أحمد
1833 عیسوی · 1249 ھA Shafi'i and Khalwati scholar from Egypt.
شخصیت
أحمد الحملاوي
1856 عیسوی · 1273 ھBorn in a village of the Belbeis district of the Sharqiyya governorate, and graduated from Dar al-Ulum in Cairo.
شخصیت
الجراوي أحمد بن عبد السلام
From Jarawa in the Maghrib, known for poetry and learning.
شخصیت
أحمد الصغير بن حمى الله
1809 عیسوی · 1224 ھA learned and pious scholar whose lineage goes back to al-Muslimi, known as al-Saghir.
شخصیت
أحمد التجاني
1737 عیسوی · 1150 ھThe founder of the Tijaniyya Sufi order, born in Ain Madi in Algeria.
شخصیت
أحمد التجاني الكتياني
1912 عیسوی · 1331 ھA scholar of the Kitabi family, well known among the tribes of the Maghrib.
شخصیت
أحمد فارس الشدياق
1804 عیسوی · 1219 ھ†Ahmad Faris al-Shidyaq (1804–1887 CE) — the Lebanese lexicographer and satirist who embraced Islam in Tunis and founded the Istanbul journal al-Jawa'ib (1277 AH, twenty-three years).
شخصیت
أحمد فتحي زغلول
1863 عیسوی · 1279 ھ†Ahmad Fathi Zaghlul (1863–1914 CE) — the Egyptian jurist who translated Bentham and Demolins's Secret of Anglo-Saxon Advance.
شخصیت
الأصابي، أحمد بن عبد الله السلمي
A scholar of Zabid in Yemen, named after Dhu Asab near Zabid, who studied his sciences in Zabid under Shaykh Abdallah al-Mizjaji.
شخصیت
أحمد بن حمى الله التيشيتي
1695 عیسوی · 1107 ھA Mauritanian scholar known by the nisba of his homeland, Tishit, and descended from the Sharif Ahmad.
شخصیت
أحمد بن عماد الأقفهسي
The Shafi'i jurist Ahmad ibn Imad al-Aqfahsi, known as al-Imad, of Cairo; the sources do not record his date of birth precisely.
شخصیت
أحمد بن عيسى الخراز
A major Sufi, named al-Kharraz after the trade of leather-stitching.
شخصیت
أحمد بن مصطفى بن الخوجة
1664 عیسوی · 1074 ھThe author of several works, who lived in Tunis; a Hanafi in Tunisian religious life.
شخصیت
أحمد بن سعيد بن حزم
The vizier Abu 'Amr Ahmad b. Sa'id b. Hazm, father of the polymath Ibn Hazm — a secretary, mufti and philologist 'deep-sailing in the science of the tongue'; he died in 393.
شخصیت
أحمد بن يحيى الجلاء
A major Sufi of Baghdadi origin, who lived in Ramla and Damascus.
شخصیت
ثعلب أحمد بن يحيى
815 عیسوی · 200 ھA Kufan philologist and grammarian, a client of the Banu Shayban. Many sayings on grammar are transmitted from him.
شخصیت
أحمد بن يوسف التيفاشي
1184 عیسوی · 580 ھA scholar and writer of the Qays lineage, named after Tifash in the Maghrib.
شخصیت
أحمدي تاج الدين إبراهيم بن خضر
تقریباً 1334 عیسوی · 735 ھOne of the best-known Ottoman poets of the fourteenth century, named Ibrahim with the laqab Taj al-Din and father Khidr; died 815 AH (1412 CE).
شخصیت
أخي زاده يوسف أفندي
An Ottoman scholar, also known as Akhi Qalbi, who died at the start of the tenth century AH.
شخصیت
العباس بن الأحنف
An Abbasid poet raised in Baghdad, with family in Basra. He was linked by nisba to the Banu Hanifa.
شخصیت
الأبي محمد بن خلفة
تقریباً 1344 عیسوی · تقریباً 745 ھ†A Maliki usuli scholar from the Maghrib, known for the rational sciences, memorization and rigorous editing; named after the village of Abba in Tunisia.
شخصیت
الأبهري أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الله
901 عیسوی · 289 ھA Maliki jurist who combined the Qur'anic readings, high-grade chains of transmission and sound jurisprudence; from Abhar, between Qazvin and Zanjan.
شخصیت
الأبهري أثير الدين المفضل بن عمر
One of the best-known scholars of Islamic thought in logic, astronomy and mathematics. The nisba al-Abhari refers to the town of Abhar; his birthplace is not firmly established.
شخصیت
الآبلي أبو عبد الله
1282 عیسوی · 681 ھMaghribi scholar of logic and the rational sciences; Ibn Khaldun attended his lessons in Tunis.
شخصیت
الأبرقوهي أحمد بن إسحاق
1218 عیسوی · 615 ھJudge of Abarquh and a Shafi'i scholar, hadith transmitter and Sufi; born in Abarquh in Fars and died in Egypt.
شخصیت
الآبري أبو الحسن
Hadith scholar, memoriser and historian from Sijistan who travelled to Syria, Khurasan and al-Jazira to hear traditions.
شخصیت
الأبشيهي أبو الفتح
1388 عیسوی · 790 ھEgyptian man of letters and author of the Mamluk period who gathered anecdotes and curiosities in his books.
شخصیت
الإبشيطي أحمد بن إسماعيل
1399 عیسوی · 802 ھA Cairene jurist, first Shafi'i and then Hanbali; born in Ibshit in the Gharbiya province of Egypt.
شخصیت
الأدفوي جعفر بن ثعلبة
1286 عیسوی · 685 ھCombined jurisprudence with literature. From Adfu in Upper Egypt; died in 748 AH.
شخصیت
الأفيوني عبد الله بن عمر
A man of letters and poet from Tripoli in Syria, where he was born and raised; he later worked in Egypt.
شخصیت
الأحول أبو العباس
Poet and philologist of Basra, mentioned in the classical biographies of poets.
شخصیت
الأحوص الأنصاري
Umayyad poet from the Ansar of Medina, known for love poetry and for his standing in Arabic letters.
شخصیت
الآجري
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Ajurri, d. AH 360 — author of Akhbar 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz.
شخصیت
الأخضري عبد الرحمن بن محمد
1514 عیسوی · 920 ھA Maliki jurist and versifier from the Maghrib, known for verse treatises on law and worship that were taught in the Quranic schools.
شخصیت
الأخفش الأكبر
Early grammarian of Basra; transmitter of Sibawayh's circle.
شخصیت
الأخفش الأصغر علي بن سليمان
849 عیسوی · 235 ھA Baghdadi grammarian known as al-Akhfash al-Asghar, to distinguish him from other grammarians who bore the name.
شخصیت
الأخفش الأوسط سعيد بن مسعدة
A Basran grammarian of Khwarazmian origin and a pupil of Sibawayh. He is known as al-Awsat to distinguish him from other grammarians named al-Akhfash.
شخصیت
الأكوع محمد بن علي
1903 عیسوی · 1321 ھA scholar of jurisprudence and inheritance law, philologist and prolific writer, with wide knowledge of the history of Yemen in the Islamic period.
شخصیت
الألباني محمد ناصر الدين
1914 عیسوی · 1333 ھA well-known hadith scholar of Albanian origin and Syrian nationality, distinguished in the authentication and grading of hadiths and in hadith jurisprudence.
شخصیت
الأعمى التطيلي أحمد بن عبد الله
An Andalusian poet who was blind and known as al-A'ma. He is linked by nisba to Tudela and to Seville.
شخصیت
الأعمش سليمان بن مهران
680 عیسوی · 61 ھA hadith scholar, reciter and expert in inheritance law, nicknamed al-A'mash for weakness of sight. Accounts of his birthplace differ.
شخصیت
الآمدي أبو القاسم الحسن بن بشر
A literary critic and philologist from Basra who worked as a secretary in the offices of Basra and Baghdad; author of al-Muwazana, comparing the poetry of Abu Tammam and al-Buhturi.
شخصیت
الأنباري عبد الرحمن بن محمد
1119 عیسوی · 513 ھA scholar from al-Anbar on the Euphrates, known as Kamal al-Din. He died in 577 AH.
شخصیت
الأنصاري الهروي عبد الله بن محمد
1005 عیسوی · 396 ھA memorizer, historian, hadith scholar, Sufi and Qur'an commentator from Herat, a Hanbali who traced his lineage to Abu Ayyub al-Ansari.
شخصیت
الأنصاري السرقسطي إسماعيل بن خلف
A reciter, grammarian and man of letters from Zaragoza in al-Andalus, who moved to Egypt and settled there.
شخصیت
الأردبيلي فرج بن محمد
A Shafi'i jurist who combined transmitted and rational sciences. Named after Ardabil; died in 749 AH.
شخصیت
الأشعري علي بن إسماعيل
874 عیسوی · 260 ھA Basran theologian to whom the Ash'ari school of kalam is attributed. Little is known of his life beyond this.
شخصیت
أبو محمد عبد الله الأصيلي
936 عیسوی · 324 ھThe Maliki traditionist, jurist and judge Abu Muhammad Abd Allah ibn Ibrahim al-Asili of al-Andalus, one of the leading transmitters and jurists of his time; he grew up at Asila near Tangier before returning to al-Andalus.
شخصیت
الأسمندي محمد بن عبد الحميد
1095 عیسوی · 488 ھA scholar recorded in the biographical dictionaries. The sources differ on his kunya and origins.
شخصیت
الأسترابادي الحسن بن محمد
1247 عیسوی · 645 ھFrom Astarabad in Mazandaran; born in 645 AH and died in 715 AH.
شخصیت
الأسود بن يعفر
A jahili poet of Najran, author of the celebrated elegy for the house of Muharriq opening 'what can I hope for after the house of Muharriq left their dwellings, and after Iyad', in which he named the folk of al-Khawarnaq, al-Sadir, Marib and the palace of Sindad.
شخصیت
الأوزاعي عبد الرحمن بن عمرو
706 عیسوی · 88 ھThe imam and foremost jurist of Syria in his time. Historians differ on the origin of his nisba al-Awza'i.
شخصیت
البديع الأسطرلابي
A native of Baghdad and one of the leading astronomers and astrolabists of his time.
شخصیت
البادسي
Hadith scholar, historian and genealogist from Granada, author of al-Maqsad al-Sharif on the righteous of the Rif; died 722 AH.
شخصیت
البغوي أحمد بن منيع
One of the hadith memorists, companion of Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam, known as Ibn Bint Mani after his maternal grandfather.
شخصیت
البغوي الحسين بن محمد
1044 عیسوی · 436 ھA hadith scholar and jurist from the town of Baghh in Khurasan, between Marw and Herat. His works include Sharh al-Sunna.
شخصیت
البغوي أبو الحسن علي بن العزيز
Hadith scholar who transmitted from al-Nasa'i, Abd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal and Musa ibn Harun, among others; al-Husayn al-Nisaburi, known as al-Qabbani, transmitted from him.
شخصیت
البغدادي أبو العلاء صاعد بن الحسن
Baghdadi lexicographer of Rabi'a origin from Mosul, who transmitted in the East from al-Sirafi and al-Farisi; died 417 AH (1026 CE).
شخصیت
البغدادي ملك النحاة الحسن بن صافي
1096 عیسوی · 489 ھGrammarian, jurist and man of letters of Baghdad, known as the King of Grammarians; born to a freedman father; lived 489–568 AH (1096–1173 CE).
شخصیت
الباخرزي
Poet and man of letters from Bakharz in Khurasan, trained in Shafi'i jurisprudence and author of a biographical dictionary of poets of his time.
شخصیت
الباجي أبو الوليد سليمان بن خلف
1012 عیسوی · 403 ھA hadith scholar, jurist, man of letters, poet, theologian and legal theorist from Beja in al-Andalus, a Maliki.
شخصیت
الباجي محمد بن محمد الصغير
1698 عیسوی · 1109 ھA Tunisian historian whose full name is often misreported, since he is widely known by the kunya al-Saghir al-Baji.
شخصیت
البيجوري إبراهيم بن محمد
1784 عیسوی · 1198 ھA Shafi'i theologian and jurist, born in al-Bajur in the Minufiya province of Egypt. He memorized the Qur'an there and then moved to al-Azhar.
شخصیت
البكري أبو عبيد عبد الله بن عبد العزيز
1041 عیسوی · 432 ھAn encyclopaedic scholar of al-Andalus, author of al-Masalik wa-l-Mamalik on geography and history.
شخصیت
البلاذري
Abbasid historian and poet, author of 'Futuh al-Buldan' and 'Ansab al-Ashraf'; the Mu'assasat al-Ma'arif edition gives his kunya variously as Abu Bakr, Abu Ja'far or Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Jabir ibn Dawud al-Baghdadi, his birth date unknown, and his death disputed — some say he died in al-Mu'tamad's caliphate, others that he reached al-Mu'tadid's era, while some moderns set it at 279 AH; he heard from a body of scholars and littérateurs including Abdullah ibn Salih al-Ijli, Abu al-Hasan al-Mada'ini, Hisham ibn Ammar, Muhammad ibn Musaffa, Khalaf ibn Hisham, Shayban ibn Farrukh, Abu Ubayda, Ali ibn al-Madini, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Dawraqi, Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah al-Dawlabi and Muhammad ibn Sa'd, al-Waqidi's secretary; transmitting from him were Muhammad ibn al-Nadim, Ahmad ibn Ammar, Ja'far ibn Qudama and Ya'qub ibn Nu'aym, and he was biographied by Yaqut in Mu'jam al-udaba' and Ibn Asakir in Tarikh Dimashq; at al-Musta'in's court he recited a praise ode — being told 'if so, I have raised your reward, give it' — on the cloak, including 'the cloak suspects you are its owner, as though it were the elect's cloak when you wrap yourself in it', whereupon he was given it and wore it; Ubayd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Tahir said of him 'his are excellent books — the author of the Book of the Lands, who composed it and composed it well' (edition's introduction pp. 3–7).
شخصیت
البلوي أحمد بن علي
1462 عیسوی · 866 ھA philologist, man of letters and poet from Wadi Ash, linked to the tribe of Bali.
شخصیت
البناني عبد الرحمن بن جاد الله
Named after Bannan, a village in Syria. A scholar of Syria.
شخصیت
البنا شهاب الدين أحمد بن محمد
Linguist from Damietta in Egypt, described by biographers as master of the Arabic language and of the Islamic sciences, whose surviving works number about five books.
شخصیت
البربهاري الحسن بن علي
847 عیسوی · 233 ھA Hanbali, named after barbahar, a drug imported from India.
شخصیت
البرجندي نظام الدين عبد العالي
From Barjand in Khurasan, born in the middle of the ninth century AH.
شخصیت
البرقاني أحمد بن محمد
948 عیسوی · 336 ھA Shafi'i jurist from Khwarazm, known as al-Barqani after the village of Barqan near Kath.
شخصیت
البرقي أبو بكر أحمد بن عبد الله
Egyptian hadith scholar, historian and jurist known as al-Hafiz al-Barqi; died 270 AH (883 CE).
شخصیت
البرزلي أبو القاسم بن أحمد
1339 عیسوی · 741 ھThe jurist and leading scholar of Tunis, author of the large legal compendium al-Diwan al-Kabir. Born in Kairouan and lived in Tunis.
شخصیت
البشتي أبو حامد أحمد بن محمد الخارزنجي
Scholar of Nishapur, named after the district of Busht and the village of Kharazanj; died 348 AH (959 CE).
شخصیت
البصري أبو القاسم علي بن حمزة
Lexicographer, man of letters and critic of Basra who stayed for a time in Baghdad, where al-Mutanabbi lodged at his house; died 375 AH (985 CE).
شخصیت
البياضي أحمد بن الحسن
A Hanafi scholar of Rumi origin, linked to Bosnia, known as Kamal al-Din.
شخصیت
البيكندي أحمد بن علي
923 عیسوی · 311 ھA scholar of Bikand, from which he takes his nisba. He died in 404 AH.
شخصیت
البيضاوي عبد الله بن عمر
1172 عیسوی · 568 ھA jurist, Qur'an commentator, theologian and legal theorist, author of Anwar al-Tanzil.
شخصیت
البيدق أبو بكر بن علي الصنهاجي
تقریباً 1096 عیسوی · 490 ھFrom the Sanhaja tribe of the central Maghrib, born around 490 AH (1096 CE) and died 555 AH (1160 CE).
شخصیت
البيهقي أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسين
994 عیسوی · 384 ھImam, hadith memorist, legal theorist and jurist Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Bayhaqi of Khusrawjird in Khurasan; born 384 AH (994 CE), died 458 AH (1066 CE).
شخصیت
البزماوي شمس الدين محمد
Scholar of law, Arabic grammar and inheritance who was shaykh of the Fakhriyya school in Cairo, taught at the Salahiyya in Jerusalem, and composed verse works on legal theory, inheritance and prosody; he made the Hajj in 828 AH (1424 CE).
شخصیت
البزار أبو بكر أحمد بن عمرو
825 عیسوی · 210 ھWell-known hadith scholar known as al-Bazzar, who narrated hadith in Isfahan, Baghdad, Egypt and Mecca in his later years; died 292 AH (905 CE).
شخصیت
البزار أبو الطاهر عبد الواحد بن عمر
891 عیسوی · 278 ھBaghdadi reader and grammarian of the late fourth century AH, who died in 349 AH (961 CE); the sources differ on his birth year.
شخصیت
البقاعي إبراهيم بن عمر
1406 عیسوی · 809 ھA Shafi'i scholar and hadith specialist from the Biqa' valley, born in 809 AH and died in 885 AH. Among his works is Nazm al-Durar on the coherence of the verses and suras.
شخصیت
البيروني محمد بن أحمد
973 عیسوی · 362 ھBorn in Kath, the old city of Khwarazm. One of the leading astronomers, mathematicians, geographers and historians of his age.
شخصیت
البهوتي منصور بن يونس
1591 عیسوی · 1000 ھHanbali jurist, shaykh of the Hanbalis in Egypt in his time, named after Buhut in the Gharbiyya province; wrote extensively on Hanbali law and also on exegesis, legal theory and inheritance; born 1000 AH (1591 CE), died 1051 AH (1641 CE).
شخصیت
البخاري افتخار الدين طاهر بن أحمد
A Hanafi jurist from Bukhara, who is thought to have been born in the nearby village of Maymurgh.
شخصیت
البليدي أبو عبد الله محمد بن محمد
1685 عیسوی · 1096 ھScholar born in Algeria who moved between the Maghrib, al-Andalus and Tunisia, named after the town of Bulayda; died 1763 CE.
شخصیت
البرشاني إبراهيم بن محمد
1403 عیسوی · 806 ھAndalusi jurist, linguist and scholar of inheritance law and arithmetic from Wadi Ash (Guadix), who studied with the leading scholars of his time.
شخصیت
البسيلي أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد
Scholar from Algeria who settled and was buried in Tunis, and is linked with the transmission of Ibn Arafa's commentary; died 1437 CE.
شخصیت
البصروي علاء الدين علي بن يوسف
تقریباً 1438 عیسوی · تقریباً 841 ھ†Shafi'i jurist of Damascus, a student of Shaykh al-Islam Radi al-Din al-Ghazzi, named after Busra al-Sham; died 1499 CE.
شخصیت
شمس الدين الفناري
Shams al-Din al-Fanari the Ottoman polymath, author of the hundred-science riddle he wrote — per his son — to test the scholars of Qaraman who denied his merit; he died in 834.
شخصیت
الفارعة الخارجية
al-Fari'a — the Khariji poetess who mourned her brother al-Walid ibn Tarif as al-Khansa' mourned Sakhr and Mu'awiya.
شخصیت
أبو حامد الغزالي
Hujjat al-Islam al-Ghazali the Shafi'i, author of the Ihya' — of which al-Nawawi said that were all Islam's books lost and the Ihya' alone remained it would suffice; he died at Tus in 505.
شخصیت
يحيى بن الحكم الغزال
Al-Ghazzal (Yahya ibn al-Hakam) — the poet-ambassador: sent past fifty to the Majus king, he told Queen Tud he was 'twenty' and won her bounty by his wit; sent also to the Byzantine king whose queen's beauty he praised in verse. His savage lampoons of Ziryab earned him exile to Iraq; he lived ninety-four years.
شخصیت
الحفظي الحسن بن علي بن محمد
1926 عیسوی · 1345 ھOf the Hafizi family of Rijal Alma in Asir; born 1345 AH (1926 CE) and died 1406 AH (1986 CE).
شخصیت
الحفظي إبراهيم بن علي زين العابدين
1888 عیسوی · 1305 ھOf the Al Bakri al-Ujayli family of Rijal Alma in Asir; born 1305 AH (1888 CE) and died 1372 AH (1952 CE).
شخصیت
الحفظي محمد بن أحمد بن عبد القادر
1762 عیسوی · 1176 ھOf the Hafizi family, whose lineage links to Shaykh Abu al-Abbas ibn Musa, in Rijal Alma in Asir; born 1176 AH (1762 CE) and died 1237 AH (1821 CE).
شخصیت
الحلبي قطب الدين عبد الكريم بن عبد النور
1266 عیسوی · 664 ھHadith memorist of celebrated standing, of Aleppine origin who settled in Egypt; born 664 AH (1266 CE), died 735 AH (1335 CE).
شخصیت
الهمداني
Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Ahmad al-Hamdani, d. AH 334 — the Yemeni polymath author of the ten-volume Iklil on Himyar's genealogies and kings.
شخصیت
أبو الفرج المخزومي
927 عیسوی · 315 ھA poet, prose writer and man of letters born in Nasibin. Little is known of his upbringing.
شخصیت
الحماني أبو زكرياء يحيى بن عبد الحميد
Travelling hadith memorist who came to Baghdad, first to compile a musnad in Kufa; died 228 AH (842 CE).
شخصیت
الحريري
Al-Hariri of Basra, author of the celebrated Maqamat in which he followed Badi' al-Zaman; his 21st (Raziyya) maqama depicts the preacher Ibn Sam'un.
شخصیت
الحصكفي محمد بن علي
1616 عیسوی · 1025 ھA Hanafi mufti of Damascus of Hisn origin, author of al-Durr al-Mukhtar on Hanafi law.
شخصیت
الحوفي أبو القاسم أحمد بن محمد
One of the leading specialists in inheritance law and contract formulas in al-Andalus; died 588 AH (1192 CE).
شخصیت
الحصني تقي الدين أبو بكر بن محمد
1351 عیسوی · 752 ھShafi'i jurist of Damascus, known as al-Husni and called Taqi al-Din; born 752 AH (1351 CE), died 829 AH (1426 CE).
شخصیت
الحلواني النهرواني سليمان بن عبد الله
Came to Baghdad as a boy, studied grammar with al-Thamanini and philology with Ibn al-Dahhan, and heard hadith; died 493 AH (1100 CE).
شخصیت
الحميدي عبد الله بن الزبير
A hadith scholar from Mecca of the Asad clan, among the great transmitters of hadith in Mecca and a teacher of al-Bukhari.
شخصیت
الحميدي محمد بن فتوح
1029 عیسوی · 420 ھHistorian, man of letters, jurist and hadith scholar who followed the Zahiri school, devoted to learning and asceticism; born 420 AH (1029 CE), died 488 AH (1095 CE).
شخصیت
الحسين بن الضحاك الخليع
تقریباً 773 عیسوی · تقریباً 156 ھ†A poet born and raised in Basra, of Khurasani origin, known as al-Khali' al-Ashqar.
شخصیت
الحصري أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن علي
Of Qayrawan, named after the reed-mat trade or the village of al-Husr near Qayrawan; died 413 AH (1022 CE).
شخصیت
الحطيئة جرول
A poet of the Abs tribe, known for satire and panegyric, who lived into the Islamic period.
شخصیت
الإدريسي محمد بن عبد الله
1100 عیسوی · 493 ھA geographer and traveller from Ceuta who worked at the court of Roger II in Sicily. He wrote Nuzhat al-Mushtaq, a geographical work with a world map.
شخصیت
الإفليلي إبراهيم بن محمد
963 عیسوی · 352 ھA vizier and an authority on language and literature in al-Andalus, from Cordoba. His nisba refers to a village in Syria where his ancestors are said to have lived.
شخصیت
الإيجي عضد الدين
Adud al-Din Abu al-Fadl al-Iji, a scholar of kalam and legal theory and author of works in both fields; the sources report that he was imprisoned at the Dizmar fortress until he died there.
شخصیت
الإربلي أحمد بن الحسين
1193 عیسوی · 589 ھA scholar from Irbil, one of the learned men of the seventh century AH.
شخصیت
الإسبيجابي أبو نصر
Hanafi jurist of Transoxiana, remembered for piety and good character in the pursuit of learning.
شخصیت
الإسفراييني أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن محمد
تقریباً 949 عیسوی · 337 ھA Shafi'i theologian and jurist from Isfara'in, between Nishapur and Gurgan. He studied theology and legal theory in Baghdad.
شخصیت
الإسماعيلي أبو بكر أحمد بن إبراهيم
890 عیسوی · 277 ھA memorizer and hadith scholar of Jurjan, raised by his father and educated by the scholars of Jurjan.
شخصیت
الإسنوي عبد الرحيم بن الحسن
1305 عیسوی · 704 ھA Shafi'i jurist from Isna in Upper Egypt. He memorized the Qur'an and al-Tanbih by al-Shirazi in its mosque.
شخصیت
الإصطخري أبو سعيد الحسن بن أحمد
858 عیسوی · 244 ھOne of the Shafi'i authorities of Baghdad and judge of Qumm; named after Istakhr in Fars.
شخصیت
الإصطخري إبراهيم بن محمد
A Persian geographer and traveller who visited many lands. He met the geographer Ibn Hawqal in Baghdad.
شخصیت
الجبالي إبراهيم حسن بن يوسف
1878 عیسوی · 1295 ھScholar and writer of al-Azhar, born in al-Rahmaniyya in the Beheira province of Egypt in 1295 AH (1878 CE); died 1370 AH (1951 CE).
شخصیت
الجعبري أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن عمر
1242 عیسوی · 640 ھReader of the Qur'an known in Baghdad as Taqi al-Din and elsewhere as Burhan al-Din; died 732 AH (1332 CE).
شخصیت
الجهشياري أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبدوس
Man of letters of Kufan origin, who played a political role in the early fourth century AH through his ties with the viziers of his time; died 331 AH (942 CE).
شخصیت
الجليس النحوي الحسين بن موسى
Grammarian and philologist of Dinawar known as al-Jalis; died 490 AH (1097 CE).
شخصیت
جمال الدين الأفندي محمد بن حميد الدين
A Sufi shaykh from a scholarly family, a follower of the Halveti order, known as al-Afandi.
شخصیت
الجنداري أحمد بن عبد الله
1862 عیسوی · 1279 ھA Yemeni scholar, known as al-Janadari after the town of al-Janad.
شخصیت
الجرمي صالح بن إسحاق
A Basran philologist and grammarian, a client of the Jurm clan, and one of the leading grammarians of Basra.
شخصیت
أبو بكر الجصاص الرازي
Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali al-Razi, known as al-Jassas — the Hanafi jurist, author of Ahkam al-Quran, d. AH 370.
شخصیت
الجواليقي أبو منصور موهوب بن أحمد
1073 عیسوی · 465 ھBaghdadi philologist and man of letters, born and raised in Baghdad, named after the Persian word jawaliq meaning justice; died 540 AH (1145 CE).
شخصیت
الجوهري أبو نصر إسماعيل بن حماد
Philologist from Farab in Turkestan, whose nisba al-Jawhari has no known explanation; died about 398 AH (1008 CE).
شخصیت
الجوزجاني إبراهيم بن يعقوب
781 عیسوی · 165 ھA hadith scholar from Jawzjan, named after Bushanj. The biographical dictionaries give him a full entry.
شخصیت
الجوزجاني موسى بن سليمان
From Jawzjan, a great city in Khurasan, and one of the transmitters of hadith.
شخصیت
الجياني الحسين بن محمد
1035 عیسوی · 427 ھImam, hadith memorist and traditionist of al-Andalus, named after Jaen where his father lived for a time, of Madinat al-Zahra origin; died 498 AH (1105 CE).
شخصیت
الجندي علي السيد
1898 عیسوی · 1316 ھMan of letters, poet and professor of Arabic literature, dean of Dar al-Ulum and member of the Arabic Language Academy; born 1316 AH (1898 CE), died 1393 AH (1973 CE).
شخصیت
الجريري المعافى بن زكريا
917 عیسوی · 305 ھA scholar from Nahrawan, known as al-Jurayri and Ibn Tarar, who wrote on language and hadith.
شخصیت
الجرجاني علي بن عبد العزيز
Born and raised in Jurjan, where he studied the learning of his time. He wrote on literary criticism, including al-Wasata between al-Mutanabbi and his opponents.
شخصیت
الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي
تقریباً 718 عیسوی · 100 ھOne of the greatest scholars of Arabic, of the Azd of Oman, raised in Basra. He is likely the originator of many of the scientific concepts and methods of Arabic grammar and linguistic analysis.
شخصیت
الخليلي أبو يعلى الخليل بن عبد الله
تقریباً 980 عیسوی · 370 ھHadith scholar, born about 370 AH (980 CE, estimated) and died 446 AH (1055 CE).
شخصیت
الخلوتي محمد بن أحمد
An Egyptian Hanbali jurist, named after Buhut, known as al-Khalwati.
شخصیت
الخرقي عمر بن الحسين
A Hanbali jurist, author of the widely used Mukhtasar on Hanbali law.
شخصیت
الخشاب أبو الحسن إسماعيل بن سعد
Shafi'i scholar of Egypt, a friend of the historian Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti; died 1230 AH (1815 CE).
شخصیت
الخطيب البغدادي أحمد بن علي
1002 عیسوی · 392 ھA hadith scholar, historian and memorizer from a village near the Nahr al-Malik, author of the History of Baghdad.
شخصیت
الخوافي أبو القاسم مهدي بن أحمد
Named after Khawaf, a district of Nishapur that produced several scholars; died 450 AH (1058 CE).
شخصیت
الخزرجي موفق الدين علي بن الحسن
Shafi'i jurist of Zabid, known as Ibn al-Naqqash; died 812 AH (1410 CE).
شخصیت
الخراشي إخباري سامرائي
An Iraqi from Samarra, a historian of reports, who collected anecdotes and rarities and was original in his writings.
شخصیت
الخويي أبو العباس شمس الدين أحمد
1187 عیسوی · 583 ھLived about fifty-five years, died in Hebron and was buried there in 637 AH (1240 CE).
شخصیت
الخوارزمي أبو بكر محمد بن العباس
935 عیسوی · 323 ھBorn in Khwarazm in 323 AH (935 CE); travelled widely in pursuit of learning and wealth; died 382 AH (993 CE).
شخصیت
الخوارزمي
780 عیسوی · 164 ھMuhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, numbered by al-Mas'udi among Islam's astronomers.
شخصیت
الكندي صاحب قضاة مصر
Abu Umar Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Kindi — the first compiler of the judges of Egypt, to AH 246, continued by Ibn Zulaq and crowned by Ibn Hajar's Raf' al-Isr.
شخصیت
إلكيا الهراسي علي بن محمد
1058 عیسوی · 450 ھOne of the leading Shafi'i authorities in jurisprudence, legal theory and disputation, and in memorizing the texts of hadiths on rulings. From Tabaristan.
شخصیت
الماوردي
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Mawardi al-Shafi'i, d. AH 450 — author of A'lam al-Tubwa, a twenty-one-chapter epitome on the proofs of prophethood.
شخصیت
المظفر الحمصي طبيب
A physician and man of letters born in Homs.
شخصیت
المقدسي البشاري
Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Muqaddasi (al-Bishshari, d. c. 380 AH) — the geographer who compiled Ahsan al-Taqasim after travelling through the climes and pacing them in farsakhs. He spent over ten thousand dirhams on his journeys, fought and kept ribat on the frontier, and left the caravan routes to inspect every town, boasting that he did not compile his book at ease or on hearsay.
شخصیت
المتنبي
Arabic's greatest panegyrist; at Kafur's court in Egypt he met the Ikhshidid commander Fatik by chance in the desert — Fatik sent him a thousand-dinar gift, and al-Mutanabbi praised him in the ode 'no stratagem avails you...'; when Fatik died in 355 he mourned him with the towering elegy 'sorrow perturbs, patience dissuades' and left Egypt with it.
شخصیت
النسائي
تقریباً 830 عیسوی · 215 ھThe muhaddith of Nasa in Khurasan, author of the Sunan counted among the six books; famed for his attention to hidden defects and transmitter criticism, moving late in life to Egypt and then al-Sham where he died.
شخصیت
الإمام النووي
The jurist and ascetic Imam Abu Zakariyya Yahya al-Nawawi; compiler of the 'Arba'un', forty-two concise hadiths built on Ibn al-Salah's twenty-six, which became one of the most memorised and commented collections in Islam.
شخصیت
القاضي عياض
تقریباً 1083 عیسوی · تقریباً 476 ھQadi 'Iyad the Maliki hadith-master, judge of Ceuta then Granada, author of the unmatched al-Shifa'; so fiercely attached to the Sunna that he ordered al-Ghazali's books burned over something he suspected in them — 'they wronged 'Iyad while he forbore them: they put an 'ayn for the ra' in his name to conceal him, yet he is well known'.
شخصیت
القالي
Abu Ali Isma'il ibn al-Qasim al-Qali the lexicographer, d. AH 356 — he composed his Amali at Cordoba after 330.
شخصیت
زكريا القزويني
Zakariyya b. Muhammad al-Qazwini, author of 'Aja'ib al-makhluqat and Athar al-bilad (composed 674); his pupil Ibn al-Futi dated his death to Muharram 682.
شخصیت
القفطي
Jamal al-Din Ali ibn Yusuf al-Qifti, d. AH 646 — author of Inbah al-Ruwat 'ala Anbah al-Nuhat, the history of the grammarians.
شخصیت
جمال الدين القرشي محمد بن عمر
1231 عیسوی · 628 ھAbu al-Fadl Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Umar al-Qurashi, born 628 AH (1231 CE) and died 702 AH (1303 CE); his mother was from Merv.
شخصیت
أبو القاسم القشيري
The Qushayri of the Risala — among the imams al-Kunduri drove from Khurasan by lumping the Ash'aris with the Rafida on the minbars, and whom Nizam al-Mulk's reign restored.
شخصیت
الربيع بن زياد البكري الخراساني
Al-Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Bakri al-Khurasani al-Marwazi al-Basri, a figure of the second Islamic century, mentioned by Ibn Sa'd in his biographical classes of the Basrans and Baghdadis; he died in 139 AH.
شخصیت
الرافقي الحسين بن محمد
983 عیسوی · 373 ھA man of letters from al-Raqqa, with the kunya Abu Abd Allah.
شخصیت
خليل بن أيبك الصفدي
Salah al-Din Khalil ibn Aybak al-Safadi — historian and chancery writer who composed al-Salih Isma'il's reply to the Marinid sultan's letter, and granted ijaza for both after Izz al-Din Abu Ya'la read them in a single session in the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus, Dhu al-Qa'da 756, a reading that 'graced the ear with eloquence'.
شخصیت
السمعاني
Abu Sa'd Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad al-Sam'ani al-Marwazi, d. AH 562 — his al-Ansab, 'a great work in the genre' in eight volumes, epitomised by Ibn al-Athir as al-Lubab and by al-Suyuti as Lubb al-Lubab.
شخصیت
السمهودي
1440 عیسوی · صفر 844 ھHistorian, mufti and teacher of Medina, resident there from 873 AH; he wrote three histories of the Prophet's city — the large Iqtisaf al-Wafa which burned unfinished in the mosque fire, the middling Wafa al-Wafa, and the brief Khulasat al-Wafa — and himself served in the rebuilding of the Noble Chamber, so his book carries eyewitness knowledge no other historian of the city matched.
شخصیت
محمد بن يوسف السنوسي
Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Sanusi — author of Umm al-Barahin, the compact epitome of tawhid doctrines, which he himself commented on.
شخصیت
الشنبوذي
The Baghdadi muqri' al-Shanbudhi, reader under Ibn Mujahid, who held fifty thousand verses of poetry as Qur'anic shawahid.
شخصیت
الأعلم الشنتمري يوسف بن سليمان
1019 عیسوی · 410 ھAn Andalusian scholar from Shantamariyya al-Gharb, nicknamed al-A'lam for a wide split in his upper lip.
شخصیت
الشقندي
Abu l-Walid al-Shaqundi, author of the famous epistle on al-Andalus's superiority over the farther shore — cited throughout Nafh al-Tib; of Granada he wrote it is 'the Damascus of al-Andalus, the theatre of eyes and ambition of souls'.
شخصیت
الشريف الجرجاني علي بن محمد
1340 عیسوی · 740 ھA scholar of philosophy, logic, theology and rhetoric, born in Taju and known as al-Sharif al-Jurjani.
شخصیت
الشريف المرتضى
Naqib of the Talibids and head of Iraq's Shi'a — imam in kalam, poetry and rhetoric, pupil of al-Shaykh al-Mufid; a hand in the Nahj al-balagha's compilation is attributed to him, and Ibn Bassam praised him as the agreed imam of Iraq's community.
شخصیت
الشريف الرضي
Al-Sharif al-Murtada's brother, the poet and Talibid naqib, conventionally the compiler of the Nahj al-balagha — though Ibn al-Imad relays the Sunni doubt that the book's compiler himself composed it.
شخصیت
الشوكاني
1759 عیسوی · 1172 ھ†Muhammad ibn Ali al-Shawkani (1759–1834 CE) — the Yemeni mujtahid jurist of Sana'a, author of the eight-volume Nayl al-Awtar.
شخصیت
الشيحي علي بن محمد
1279 عیسوی · 678 ھA Baghdadi scholar of jurisprudence and hadith in the eighth century AH.
شخصیت
السهيلي
Al-Suhayli of Malaga, blind Maliki master — author of al-Rawd al-Unuf on Ibn Hisham's Sira and of the famous 'verses of relief' which Ibn Dihya recited and said none who asked God by them was refused.
شخصیت
جلال الدين السيوطي
تقریباً 1445 عیسوی · 849 ھJalal al-Din Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr al-Suyuti (849-911 AH); Egypt's prolific hadith imam, author among much else of Tarikh al-Khulafa, caliphal biographies to his own day.
شخصیت
التباني جلال الدين بن أحمد
Scholar of Cairo, named al-Tabbani after his residence outside the city; died 793 AH (1391 CE).
شخصیت
التدميري أحمد بن عبد الجليل
From Tudmir, east of Cordoba in al-Andalus.
شخصیت
التدمري تاج الدين إسحاق بن إبراهيم
Scholar included in the Maliki biographical dictionaries; died 833 AH (1430 CE).
شخصیت
الطاهر الخميري
1899 عیسوی · 1317 ھBorn in the Bab Suwayqa quarter of the old city of Tunis in 1899.
شخصیت
التاجوري عبد الرحمن بن محمد
Scholar from Tajura near Tripoli in Libya, after which he is named; died 960 AH (1553 CE).
شخصیت
التلعفري أبو المكارم محمد بن يوسف
1196 عیسوی · 593 ھShihab al-Din Abu al-Makarim Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Tala'fari, born in Mosul in 593 AH (1196 CE) and died 675 AH (1276 CE).
شخصیت
التنسي محمد بن عبد الله
1417 عیسوی · 820 ھA memorizing scholar from Tlemcen, probably born in Madin.
شخصیت
التنوخي المفضل بن محمد
1000 عیسوی · 390 ھOf Ma'arrat al-Nu'man in Syria; came to Baghdad in 390 AH, studied law there, and died 442 AH (1050 CE).
شخصیت
التنوخي القاضي أبو القاسم علي بن المحسن
975 عیسوی · 365 ھJudge Abu al-Qasim Ali ibn al-Muhsin al-Tanukhi, companion and pupil of Abu al-Ala al-Ma'arri; died 474 AH (1081 CE).
شخصیت
التسولي إبراهيم بن عبد الرحمن
A Maliki jurist of the Maghrib, known as Ibn Abi Yahya.
شخصیت
التتائي محمد بن إبراهيم
1451 عیسوی · 855 ھA Maliki jurist, author of Tanwir al-Maqala on Maliki law.
شخصیت
التواتي محمد البشير بن محمد الطاهر
Scholar of Bejaia origin raised in Tunis, named al-Tawwati after a pious man of Tuwat with whom he was associated; died 1311 AH (1893 CE).
شخصیت
التوزي عبد الله بن محمد بن هارون
Philologist whose biographical works record several writings, most of them lost; died 230 AH (844 CE).
شخصیت
الثمانيني أبو القاسم عمر بن ثابت
Blind grammarian and man of letters from Thamanin, a small town in the Jazirat Ibn Umar area near Mosul; died 442 AH (1051 CE).
شخصیت
الثقفي الجياني محمد بن الحسن
1174 عیسوی · 570 ھPreacher, reader, hadith scholar and man of letters of Jaen in al-Andalus, who travelled through the southern cities; died 663 AH (1264 CE).
شخصیت
التجيبي السبتي أبو القاسم بن يوسف
1267 عیسوی · 666 ھScholar of Valencian origin, born in Ceuta in 666 AH (1267 CE) and raised there; died 730 AH (1329 CE).
شخصیت
التلمساني الشريف محمد بن أحمد
1310 عیسوی · 710 ھImam of the Maghrib and a leading figure of the Maliki school, born in Tlemcen in 710 AH (1310 CE); died 771 AH (1370 CE).
شخصیت
الترمذي محمد بن عيسى
824 عیسوی · 209 ھA hadith scholar from Tirmidh on the Oxus, author of the Jami' al-Sahih, known as Sunan al-Tirmidhi.
شخصیت
الإقليدسي أحمد بن إبراهيم
A mathematician who probably lived in Damascus. His laqab al-Uqlidisi is linked to the Euclid text he copied and studied.
شخصیت
الواحدي
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, d. AH 468 — the mufassir whose Asbab al-Nuzul is 'the most famous composed in the genre'.
شخصیت
الوليد بن طريف الشاري
al-Walid ibn Tarif — the Shabani (or Taghlibi) Khariji lion of the Jazira, 178 AH; 'I am al-Walid ibn Tarif the Shari'; mourned by his sister al-Fari'a as al-Khansa' mourned her brothers.
شخصیت
أبو زكريا اليفرني النحوي
Abu Zakariya Yahya ibn Ali al-Yafrini — the jurist-grammarian who argued against Ibn Hubaysh; born 641, nicknamed in the Mashriq 'the mountain of grammar,' a self-standing mujtahid who forbade marrying kitabi women (the Hanbali view against Malik), held divorce counted only twice against consensus, and kept idiosyncratic parses of Quranic loci; he died in 700.
شخصیت
الزمخشري
تقریباً مارچ 1075 عیسوی · 17 رجب 467 ھMahmud b. 'Umar al-Zamakhshari, the uncontested imam of tafsir, hadith, grammar and bayan — openly Mu'tazili, announcing himself at doors as 'Abu l-Qasim the Mu'tazili'; 'Jar Allah' for his years at Mecca; he walked on a wooden socket after losing a leg, carrying written attestations so none would think it cut for crime, and told al-Damaghani the cause was his mother's curse over a tethered sparrow.
شخصیت
علي بن عبد الغني الفهري
1029 عیسوی · 420 ھA blind poet and reciter, born in al-Andalus, with the kunya Abu al-Hasan.
شخصیت
الأصبحي، أبو الحسين علي بن أحمد بن أسعد
1247 عیسوی · 644 ھA Yemeni jurist and hadith scholar from Ta'izz who excelled in Islamic jurisprudence, studied hadith, and was trained in fiqh by several teachers of his age.
شخصیت
الأشموني، علي بن محمد بن عيسى
تقریباً 1435 عیسوی · تقریباً 838 ھ†A Shafi'i jurist of Cairo who memorized al-Nawawi's Minhaj, al-Subki's Jam' al-Jawami' and Ibn Malik's Alfiyya, and studied with many scholars of his age.
شخصیت
علي بن محمد المساكني
1669 عیسوی · 1080 ھA jurist and educator from Tunis, founder of a school at the end of the Husaynid period.
شخصیت
علي بن محمد التنوخي
891 عیسوی · 278 ھFrom the Tanukh tribe and father of Abu Ali al-Muhassin al-Tanukhi. His father's name was Dawud ibn Ibrahim ibn Tamim.
شخصیت
علي مبارك
1823 عیسوی · 1238 ھ†Ali Mubarak Pasha (1823–1893 CE) — the self-made engineer-minister who founded Egypt's Dar al-Kutub and wrote the twenty-volume al-Khitat al-Tawfiqiyya on Maqrizi's model.
شخصیت
أمين الخولي
1895 عیسوی · 1313 ھBorn in Sharshay, a village in the Minufiya province of Egypt.
شخصیت
عمرو بن دينار
666 عیسوی · 46 ھOne of the senior Successors, and the shaykh of the Meccan sanctuary in his time; among the great transmitters of hadith.
شخصیت
الأزهري محمد بن أحمد
A lexicographer and man of letters from Herat, a Shafi'i. He studied jurisprudence first, then became known for the Arabic language; his best-known work is Tahdhib al-Lugha.
شخصیت
بديع الزمان الهمذاني
Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadhani, inventor of the maqama — his letters are proverbial ('a guest's company palls when his stay runs long'); he died at Herat in 398, poisoned or, as trustworthy men told, buried too hastily after apoplexy and found in his grave clutching his beard.
شخصیت
بدر الدين الزركشي
Badr al-Din Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Zarkashi al-Shafi'i, d. AH 794 — author of I'lam al-Sajid bi-Ahkam al-Masajid.
شخصیت
باحثة البادية
1886 عیسوی · 1303 ھ†Malak Hifni Nasif, 'Bahithat al-Badiya' (1886–1918 CE) — 'the foremost accomplished Muslim woman of her age', whose al-Nisa'iyyat essays argued women's education; she died with Huquq al-Nisa' unfinished.
شخصیت
بحرق محمد بن عمر
1465 عیسوی · 869 ھA Shafi'i jurist from Yemen, known as Bakhraq.
شخصیت
بنيس أبو عبد الله محمد بن أحمد
1747 عیسوی · 1160 ھScholar of Fez in Morocco, born 1160 AH (1747 CE) and died 1214 AH (1799 CE).
شخصیت
أبو يزيد البسطامي
804 عیسوی · 188 ھOne of the great figures of Islamic Sufism, whose influence was large on his contemporaries and later generations.
شخصیت
بيرم الثاني محمد بن محمد
1748 عیسوی · 1162 ھA Tunisian scholar of the Bayram family, teacher of the younger Bayram and son of the elder Bayram.
شخصیت
بيرم محمد بن محمد
1786 عیسوی · 1201 ھA Tunisian scholar of the Bayram family, son of Bayram al-Thani.
شخصیت
بختيشوع بن جبرائيل
A physician of the Bukhtishu medical family in the Abbasid period, close to the caliph al-Muhtadi. He was succeeded by his son Ubayd Allah.
شخصیت
بطرس البستاني
1819 عیسوی · 1234 ھ†Butrus al-Bustani (d. 1883 CE) — author of the Muhit al-Muhit dictionary and founder of the Arabic encyclopaedia Da'irat al-Ma'arif.
شخصیت
داود الأنطاكي
An Arab physician from Antioch, nicknamed al-Darir because he was blind. He lived in the tenth century AH.
شخصیت
إبراهيم حقي الأرضروملي
1703 عیسوی · 1115 ھAn Ottoman scholar from Erzurum. He returned there after his father's death to complete his education, then served one of his teachers at Nilüfer.
شخصیت
فرج بن قاسم بن لب
1310 عیسوی · 710 ھA scholar of Granada and of al-Andalus in the eighth century AH.
شخصیت
حفص أبو عمر بن سليمان
709 عیسوی · 90 ھWell-known transmitter of the reading of Asim ibn Abi al-Najud and one of the seven canonical readers, reader of Kufa; died 180 AH (796 CE).
شخصیت
حمدان خوجة
1715 عیسوی · 1128 ھFrom a family of standing and learning with a political role in the Dey's state. He wrote on politics and governance.
شخصیت
حماد بن زيد
717 عیسوی · 98 ھA hadith scholar of Basra, described as among the most pious and reliable memorizers. He memorized four thousand hadiths and was blind.
شخصیت
هبة الله بن الأكفاني
1052 عیسوی · 444 ھThe Damascene traditionist, hafiz, Shafi'i jurist and historian Abu Muhammad Hibat Allah ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn al-Akfani; born at Damascus in 444 AH and famed for his memorization of hadith.
شخصیت
حلولو القروي
1412 عیسوی · 815 ھA Maliki jurist of Kairouan, known as Hululu al-Qarawi, of a family from Yazlitan.
شخصیت
حسين الجسر
Husayn al-Jisr al-Tarabulsi (d. 1909 CE) — the Tripoli scholar whose al-Risala al-Hamidiyya defended the Islamic faith against materialism.
شخصیت
حسين بن عبد الرحمن الأهدل
تقریباً 1378 عیسوی · 779 ھThe historian Badr al-Din Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Husayn ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Ahdal al-Husayni, a scholar of Yemen known for teaching and for works on history and biography, including 'Tuhfat al-Zaman fi Tarikh Sadat al-Yaman'.
شخصیت
حسين بن عبد الله باسلامة
1881 عیسوی · 1299 ھA scholar from Mecca, born there in 1299 AH, who memorized the Qur'an in one of its kuttab schools.
شخصیت
الأجدابي حسين بن أبي العباس
Maliki jurist, reciter and hadith transmitter of Qayrawan, originally from Ajdabiya in Libya, who studied with the masters of the Qayrawan school.
شخصیت
حسين بن صديق الأهدل
1446 عیسوی · 850 ھThe Yemeni scholar Husayn ibn Siddiq al-Ahdal, born at Bayat in 850 AH and died in 903 AH; he left manuscript works.
شخصیت
ابن عبد البر
Abu 'Amr Ibn 'Abd al-Barr of Cordoba, imam of his age in hadith and athar — al-Baji said there was none like him in al-Andalus, 'the most memorising of the Maghreb's people'; his Tamhid on the Muwatta' in seventy parts drew Ibn Hazm's verdict that nothing on fiqh al-hadith equals it.
شخصیت
ابن أبي الأحوص الحسين بن عبد العزيز
1206 عیسوی · 603 ھA reciter, Qur'an commentator, hadith scholar and Arabic grammarian. Born in Jaen and settled in Granada; known as Ibn al-Nazir.
شخصیت
ابن أبي الإصبع، أبو محمد زكي الدين بن ظافر
تقریباً 1199 عیسوی · 595 ھAn Egyptian writer and man of letters, raised in the schools of Egypt under the Ayyubids and part of the Bahri Mamluk period, author of works on rhetoric and figures of speech.
شخصیت
ابن أبي بكار الزبير أبو عبيد الله
788 عیسوی · 172 ھAbu Ubayd Allah al-Zubayr ibn Abi Bakr, known as Bakkar, of Medina, born there in 172 AH (788 CE) and taught by his father and others; died 256 AH (870 CE).
شخصیت
ابن أبي مقبل
Poet of the Umayyad period whose verses are preserved in the adab literature.
شخصیت
ابن أبي أسامة الحارث بن محمد
802 عیسوی · 186 ھA hadith scholar and transmitter of reports from Baghdad, well versed in the Qur'anic readings and described as reliable.
شخصیت
ابن أبي أصيبعة أحمد بن القاسم
A physician and historian of medicine from a Damascene family, author of ʿUyun al-Anba' fi Tabaqat al-Atibba'.
شخصیت
ابن آجروم
1273 عیسوی · 672 ھSanhaji jurist and grammarian of Fez, known for Arabic grammar and a reputation for asceticism.
شخصیت
ابن أخي ربيع الصباغ الكلابي
A scholar of Cordoba, client of the Umayyads, known as Ibn Akhi Rabi al-Sabbagh, who studied in al-Andalus.
شخصیت
ابن الأبار محمد بن عبد الله
1199 عیسوی · 595 ھA historian, hadith scholar, linguist and poet from Valencia (Balansiya) in eastern al-Andalus, author of al-Takmila li-Kitab al-Silla.
شخصیت
ابن الأبرش خلف بن يوسف
An Andalusian grammarian and poet from Santarem (Shantarin), who died in Cordoba in 532 AH.
شخصیت
ابن الأحمر إسماعيل بن يوسف
تقریباً 1324 عیسوی · تقریباً 724 ھ†An Andalusian man of letters and historian of the Nasrid family in Granada. After leaving Granada with his father he lived in Bougie and then Fez.
شخصیت
ابن الأجدابي إبراهيم بن إسماعيل
A jurist from Tripoli in Libya, named after the town of Ajdabiya. The sources give only a brief biography, and his death is given as around 470 AH.
شخصیت
محمود بن أحمد ابن الأمشاطي
1412 عیسوی · 815 ھThe Cairene Hanafi scholar Muzaffar al-Din Abu al-Thana Mahmud ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn al-Amshati, of Egyptian residence and Ayntab origin.
شخصیت
ابن الأعرابي أحمد بن محمد
861 عیسوی · 246 ھA hadith scholar, memorizer, historian and ascetic Sufi from Basra, learned in hadith and biographical classes.
شخصیت
ابن الأعرابي محمد بن زياد
767 عیسوی · 150 ھA Kufan philologist. His father Ziyad was a Sindhi slave of Sulayman ibn Mujalid.
شخصیت
ابن الأثير الجزري
1149 عیسوی · 544 ھThe hadith scholar and jurist Majd al-Din Abu al-Sa'adat al-Mubarak ibn Muhammad al-Jazari al-Shaybani, the eldest of the three Ibn al-Athir brothers; he served the chanceries of the Jazira and Mosul, and after gout crippled him he produced most of his works by dictation, among them 'al-Nihaya fi Gharib al-Hadith' and 'Jami' al-Usul'.
شخصیت
ابن الأثير ضياء الدين
1162 عیسوی · 558 ھThe man of letters Diya' al-Din Abu al-Fath Nasr Allah ibn Muhammad al-Jazari al-Shaybani, third of the Ibn al-Athir brothers; author of 'al-Mathal al-Sa'ir fi Adab al-Katib wa-l-Sha'ir' on the craft of the pen, and served the Atabeg chanceries of Mosul.
شخصیت
ابن الأثير عماد الدين
تقریباً 1245 عیسوی · تقریباً 643 ھ†The historian Imad al-Din Isma'il ibn Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Jazari al-Shaybani, of the Ibn al-Athir scholarly family; author of 'al-Bahir fi Tarikh Dawlat al-Atabika bi-l-Mawsil', combining historical narrative with verse.
شخصیت
ابن الأثير عز الدين
The historian and hadith scholar Izz al-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Jazari al-Shaybani; author of 'al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh', the annalistic chronicle from the creation to his own day, 'Asad al-Ghaba fi Ma'rifat al-Sahaba' and 'al-Lubab fi Tahdhib al-Ansab', living retired for scholarship at Mosul.
شخصیت
ابن الأثير نجم الدين
The chancery writer Najm al-Din Ahmad ibn Isma'il ibn Sa'id al-Jazari al-Shaybani, of the Ibn al-Athir family; known for the art of insha' (official letter-writing) and served the chanceries of his day at Mosul.
شخصیت
ابن البذوخ عمر بن علي
A Moroccan physician and pharmacist, expert in simple and compound drugs and their preparation, who also wrote poetry.
شخصیت
ابن البغيل أبو جعفر أحمد بن قاسم
Jurist, lexicographer and historian from Almeria in al-Andalus, of Murcian origin; died 750 AH (1349 CE).
شخصیت
ابن البناء المراكشي أحمد بن محمد
1256 عیسوی · 654 ھA scholar of Marrakesh in mathematics, arithmetic and astronomy, who wrote on the arithmetical sciences.
شخصیت
ابن البراج عبد العزيز بن نحرير
Judge of Tripoli in Syria under its emirs; known by the honorific Izz al-Mu'minin.
شخصیت
ابن البطر أبو الخطاب نصر بن أحمد
1007 عیسوی · 398 ھOf Baghdad, named after the Gharba quarter and known as al-Bazzaz; died 494 AH (1100 CE).
شخصیت
ابن الحمصي أحمد بن محمد
1437 عیسوی · 841 ھOf Homs origin, born and died there, with a share in the learning of his age.
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ابن الجباب أبو عمر أحمد بن خالد
860 عیسوی · 246 ھAbu Amr Ahmad ibn Khalid ibn Yazid ibn al-Jabbab, of Jaen origin, who settled in Cordoba; born 246 AH (860 CE), died 322 AH (933 CE).
شخصیت
ابن الجزري محمد بن إبراهيم
1259 عیسوی · 658 ھOriginally from Jazirat Ibn Umar, one of the leading authorities on the readings and hadith of his time.
شخصیت
ابن الجزار أحمد بن إبراهيم
898 عیسوی · 285 ھA physician from Kairouan, one of the leading physicians of his time, who wrote on medicine and drugs.
شخصیت
ابن الخلخالي شمس الدين محمد بن مظفر
Shafi'i imam named after Khankhal, a village near Sultaniyya; died 745 AH (1344 CE).
شخصیت
ابن الخراط
Ibn al-Kharrat the Sevillian hafiz, author of al-Ahkam al-Kubra and al-Jam' bayn al-Sahihayn; he settled at Bijaya as its preacher and died there in 582 after suffering at the hands of the state, contented, ascetic, holding fast to the Sunna.
شخصیت
ابن الخشاب عبد الله بن أحمد
1099 عیسوی · 492 ھA Baghdad grammarian, about whom the sources record little.
شخصیت
ابن الخراساني أبو العز محمد بن محمد
1100 عیسوی · 494 ھGrammarian, prosodist, poet and writer; born 494 AH (1100 CE) and died 576 AH (1180 CE); sources record only some of his teachers.
شخصیت
ابن القاضي
Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Maghribi al-Muqri — Ibn al-Qadi, resident in Egypt, author of Azhar al-Riyad fi Akhbar Iyad.
شخصیت
ابن الصلاح
The hadith master Abu Amr ibn al-Salah; author of the dictation 'al-Ahadith al-Kulliyya', twenty-six comprehensive hadiths on which al-Nawawi built his 'Arba'un'.
شخصیت
ابن الشجري
Abu al-Sa'adat Hibatullah ibn Ali Ibn al-Shajari, d. AH 572 — his Amali spans eight volumes in five branches of adab.
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ابن التين عبد الواحد بن عمر
A scholar from Sfax in Tunisia, known as Ibn al-Tin.
شخصیت
أبو بكر ابن عمار الشاعر الوزير
Abu Bakr ibn Ammar, poet and wazir of al-Mu'tamid at Seville, also styled Dhu'l-Wizaratayn; present at the river-meeting where the washerwoman Rimaykiyya capped the king's verse — but his famous Lamiyya sneering 'a Rimaykiyya worth not a sandal-strap' set al-Mu'tamid against him until the king killed him, burying the axe-head in his skull, at which she quipped 'Ibn Ammar is still anointed'.
شخصیت
ابن أرقم النميري
Andalusi scholar and poet who travelled to Ceuta and took part in the affairs of his time.
شخصیت
ابن عساكر
تقریباً 1105 عیسوی · تقریباً 499 ھDamascus' muhaddith, author of the eighty-volume Tarikh Dimashq — Ibn Shuhba: 'the glory of the Shafi'is, imam and standard-bearer of the hadith-folk'; he heard from some 1,300 shaykhs and eighty women, completed the Qur'an weekly and daily in Ramadan, declined office, and rests at Bab al-Saghir.
شخصیت
أحمد بن محمد الكوفي ابن أعثم
The historian Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Kufi, known as Ibn A'tham, author of 'al-Futuh', which arranges Islamic history from the Prophet's death and the Saqifa of Banu Sa'ida onward and records its personalities.
شخصیت
ابن أيبك الداوداري
تقریباً 1286 عیسوی · تقریباً 685 ھThe historian Abu Bakr ibn Abd Allah ibn Aybak al-Dawadari, author of the historical encyclopedia 'Kanz al-Durar wa-Jami al-Gurar', which combines political reports with literary anecdotes and poetry.
شخصیت
ابن بابشاذ
Grammarian who taught grammar at the Amr ibn al-As mosque in Cairo and wrote a grammar commentary known to later grammarians.
شخصیت
ابن بكر محمد بن يحيى
1276 عیسوی · 674 ھA Maliki jurist from Malaga in al-Andalus, known as Ibn Bakr.
شخصیت
ابن بلبان علاء الدين علي
1276 عیسوی · 675 ھScholar known as al-Farisi, born 675 AH (1276 CE) and died 739 AH (1339 CE).
شخصیت
ابن بقي يحيى بن أحمد
An Andalusian poet. The sources differ on the name of his father.
شخصیت
ابن برجان عبد السلام بن عبد الرحمن
An ascetic Sufi and theologian from the Maghrib, known for his preaching and for Sufism and kalam.
شخصیت
ابن بري عبد الله بن أبي الوحش
1106 عیسوی · 499 ھEgyptian lexicographer and grammarian, born and died in Egypt; his father was a scribe.
شخصیت
ابن بري علي بن محمد
تقریباً 1261 عیسوی · 660 ھMaghrebi reader, jurist, grammarian and writer from Taza who headed the chancery at Fez under the Marinid sultan Abu Sa'id, taught readings at the Qarawiyyin, and influenced the science of recitation through his poem al-Durar al-Lawami.
شخصیت
ابن بشكوال خلف بن عبد الملك
1101 عیسوی · 494 ھAn Andalusian historian and hadith scholar, author of al-Silla, a biographical dictionary of al-Andalus' scholars.
شخصیت
ابن بطة العكبري عبيد الله بن محمد
917 عیسوی · 304 ھBorn in Ukbara near Baghdad, a Hanbali jurist and hadith scholar.
شخصیت
ابن بطال
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Khalaf ibn Battal al-Maliki — the hafiz author of al-I'tisam fi'l-Hadith.
شخصیت
ابن بطوطة محمد بن عبد الله
1304 عیسوی · 703 ھA Moroccan traveller from Tangier who visited many lands of the Islamic world and wrote his famous travelogue.
شخصیت
ابن باز عبد العزيز بن عبد الله
1912 عیسوی · 1330 ھA Saudi scholar born in Riyadh in 1330 AH. He lost his sight during his early studies.
شخصیت
ابن بكير أبو عبد الله الحسين بن أحمد
938 عیسوی · 327 ھBaghdadi hadith memorist known only from reports of his transmission and of his teachers; died 388 AH (998 CE).
شخصیت
ابن دقيق العيد
Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ali Ibn Daqiq al-Id, d. AH 702 — his Ilmam collected the legal hadiths' texts, and his own sharh 'al-Imam' was called the greatest of its kind, yet only a little survived his death.
شخصیت
صارم الدين ابن دقماق
تقریباً 1349 عیسوی · تقریباً 750 ھThe Cairene soldier-turned-historian Ibn Duqmaq (d. 809) — wrote nearly two hundred volumes: a great annals history, an alphabetical one, two volumes on the Turkish dynasty, a separate biography of Barquq, and a Hanafi tabaqat for which he was tested.
شخصیت
ابن فضل الله العمري
1301 عیسوی · 700 ھShihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Fadl Allah al-Umari (700–749 AH), head of the Mamluk chancery's correspondence bureau and author of Masalik al-Absar and al-Ta'rif bi'l-Mustalah al-Sharif — who begged the reader's pardon that he 'had not braved Tihama nor plunged into Iraq': a compiler from books and informants, not a traveller.
شخصیت
ابن فهد جار الله محب الدين محمد
1486 عیسوی · 891 ھMeccan historian of the Hashimi lineage, descended from Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya; born 891 AH (1486 CE), died 954 AH (1547 CE).
شخصیت
ابن حمادوش عبد الرزاق بن محمد
1695 عیسوی · 1107 ھAn Algerian scholar known for his interest in the sciences, who left a well-known autobiography.
شخصیت
ابن حمدون محمد بن الحسين
From a Baghdad literary family that was active in the third century AH and produced several notable writers.
شخصیت
ابن حي التجيبي الحسن بن محمد
Of the Tujib branch of Kinda, known as Ibn Hayy and called al-Qurtubi as a native of Cordoba; died 456 AH (1063 CE).
شخصیت
ابن حيان أبو مروان
987 عیسوی · 377 ھAn Andalusian historian from Cordoba, author of al-Muqtabas on the history of al-Andalus.
شخصیت
عبد الملك بن هشام
Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham — the redactor of Ibn Ishaq's Sira and author of Ansab Himyar.
شخصیت
ابن هذيل يحيى بن أحمد
A physician and mathematician from Granada, linked to the Tujib tribe.
شخصیت
ابن إياس محمد بن أحمد
1448 عیسوی · 852 ھThe leading historian of the last Mamluk period in Egypt and Syria and the early Ottoman period. A Hanafi.
شخصیت
ابن إياز جمال الدين
The Baghdad grammarian Jamal al-Din Abu Muhammad al-Husayn ibn Badr ibn Iyaz, who taught at the Mustansiriya madrasa and wrote on grammar and morphology, including 'al-Mahsul fi Sharh al-Fusul' and 'Qawa'id al-Mutarahah'.
شخصیت
ابن جابر الأندلسي محمد بن أحمد
1298 عیسوی · 698 ھAn Andalusian poet and scholar of Arabic from Almeria.
شخصیت
ابن جماعة بدر الدين محمد بن إبراهيم
1241 عیسوی · 639 ھA Shafi'i jurist, hadith scholar and grammarian, among the leading scholars of Cairo and Damascus in his time.
شخصیت
الجنابذي عبد العزيز بن محمود
1129 عیسوی · 524 ھA hadith scholar and jurist of Baghdad, of the Janabadh family, known for learning in Baghdad.
شخصیت
ابن جبير محمد بن أحمد الكناني
An Andalusian traveller from Valencia and Granada who made the Hajj and wrote the travelogue known by his name.
شخصیت
ابن خفاجة إبراهيم بن أبي الفتح
1058 عیسوی · 450 ھAn Andalusian poet from Jazirat Shuqr, known for his nature description.
شخصیت
ابن خلدون
1332 عیسوی · 732 ھAbd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Khaldun al-Hadrami, author of the Muqaddima and the Kitab al-'Ibar (d. 808 AH).
شخصیت
ابن خليل الدمشقي أبو الحجاج يوسف
1160 عیسوی · 555 ھShams al-Din Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Khalil of Damascus and later Aleppo; born 555 AH (1160 CE) and died 648 AH (1250 CE).
شخصیت
ابن خلكان
تقریباً 1211 عیسوی · تقریباً 608 ھIbn Khallikan, chief qadi of Damascus and author of Wafayat al-A'yan — born at Irbil 608, trained under Kamal al-Din ibn Yunus at Mosul and Ibn Shaddad in Syria, twice appointed and twice dismissed from the Damascus qadaship; al-Dhahabi: 'he compiled a precious book on the deaths of the notables'.
شخصیت
ابن خاقان الفتح بن محمد القيسي
1087 عیسوی · 480 ھA man of letters from Seville, author of Qala'id al-Iqyan and Matmah al-Anfus.
شخصیت
ابن خير الإشبيلي
1108 عیسوی · 502 ھAn Andalusian scholar from Seville, a client of Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'mur, and a hadith transmitter known for a well-known index of his transmissions.
شخصیت
ابن خمير علي بن أحمد
An Umayyad scholar from Ceuta, known as Ibn Khumayr.
شخصیت
ابن خميس الحسين بن نصر
1073 عیسوی · 466 ھA hadith scholar and jurist from Mosul, of the Juhayna tribe, born in 466 AH and died in 552 AH.
شخصیت
ابن خرداذبه عبيد الله بن عبد الله
820 عیسوی · 205 ھA historian and geographer of encyclopaedic learning, author of al-Masalik wa-l-Mamalik.
شخصیت
ابن خزيمة محمد بن إسحاق
838 عیسوی · 223 ھImam of the imams and hadith scholar of Nishapur, author of the Sahih known as Sahih Ibn Khuzayma.
شخصیت
ابن ماجه
The muhaddith of Qazvin, author of the Sunan counted by later scholars as the sixth of the six books; he travelled for hadith to Iraq, the Hijaz, al-Sham and Egypt, and his collection is noted for renunciation and tribulation reports not found in the two Sahihs.
شخصیت
ابن مالك النحوي
Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Ta'i al-Jayyani, known as Ibn Malik the grammarian, d. AH 672 — author of the Alfiyya.
شخصیت
أبو بكر ابن منده
The Isfahani hafiz Abu Bakr ibn Manda — author of the first of the four books of Companion names, exhausted by Ibn al-Athir under siglum (د) and continued by Abu Musa al-Madini.
شخصیت
ابن معاذ الجياني محمد
989 عیسوی · 379 ھA mathematician and astronomer from an Andalusian family, named after Jaen.
شخصیت
جمال الدين ابن نباتة المصري
Jamal al-Din Ibn Nubata al-Misri, the celebrated secretary of chancery; his insha' includes the waqf titulature for Abu al-Hasan al-Marini's three endowed mushafs — 'who stretched his right hand with sword and pen'.
شخصیت
ابن قاضي شهبة
Qadi Taqi al-Din Abu Bakr ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn Qadi Shuhba al-Dimashqi, d. AH 851 — author of al-I'lam bi-Tarikh Ahl al-Islam.
شخصیت
ابن قيم الجوزية
Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya al-Hanbali al-Dimashqi, d. AH 751 — author of I'lam al-Muwaqqi'in.
شخصیت
ابن رجب الحنبلي
تقریباً 1335 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 736 ھThe Hanbali hadith master and jurist Zayn al-Din Abu al-Faraj Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad, known as Ibn Rajab after his grandfather Rajab; born in Baghdad in 736 AH, moved to Damascus in 744, travelled for learning to Egypt, the Hijaz and Jerusalem, and died in Damascus in 795 AH. Author of 'Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam'.
شخصیت
ابن رشد الحفيد
1126 عیسوی · تقریباً 520 ھAbu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd of Cordoba — Averroes to the Latins; he devoted himself to Aristotle, translated him into Arabic and wrote some fifty works including Fasl al-maqal, Tahafut al-tahafut against al-Ghazali, Bidayat al-mujtahid and the Kulliyyat on medicine; the Almohad caliph al-Mansur honoured him, then exiled him to Marrakesh and had some of his books burned, then relented — he died there in 1198 and his body was carried to Cordoba.
شخصیت
ابن رزكان محمد بن محمد
1299 عیسوی · 699 ھA Shafi'i born and raised in Baalbek, who lived in the eighth century AH.
شخصیت
أبو الأصبغ عيسى بن سهل
1022 عیسوی · 413 ھThe Maliki jurist and judge Abu al-Asbagh Isa ibn Sahl al-Asadi of Cordoba, known for his responsa on new cases; early biographers praised the breadth of his learning.
شخصیت
أبو الحسن علي بن موسى بن سعيد المغربي
تقریباً فروری 1214 عیسوی · رمضان 610 ھAuthor of al-Mughrib fi hula al-Maghrib and its eastern companion; born Tuesday 22 Ramadan 610 into the scholarly wazir house of Alcala, he journeyed east and issued reading licences for the Mughrib to al-Tifashi and Ibn Khatlakh.
شخصیت
بهاء الدين ابن شداد
تقریباً 1145 عیسوی · تقریباً 539 ھBaha' al-Din Ibn Shaddad, qadi of Aleppo and Saladin's biographer — born at Mosul in Ramadan 539, raised by the Banu Shaddad uncles whose name he bore, and eleven years the companion of Ibn Sa'dun al-Qurtubi in the seven readings, hadith and tafsir.
شخصیت
ابن سيده المرسي
Ibn Sida (Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Ahmad) — the blind imam of Arabic and letters at Murcia, attached to al-Muwaffaq lord of Denia where he found leisure for the Muhkam, 'the most wondrous and soundest of books'; fearing the son Iqbal al-Dawla he fled and sent his famous plea 'is there a way to kiss your right hand? for in that lies safety'.
شخصیت
ابن تغري بردي يوسف
1409 عیسوی · 812 ھA Mamluk-era Hanafi historian in Egypt, author of al-Nujum al-Zahira.
شخصیت
ابن يعيش
Muwaffaq al-Din Ibn Ya'ish the grammarian, Mosuli by origin, Aleppan by birth — who rode to Baghdad for Ibn al-Anbari only to meet news of his death at Mosul, and whose question on the i'rab of Hariri's Rahbiyya maqama stumped Taj al-Din al-Kindi at Damascus.
شخصیت
الإشبيلي، أبو إسحاق الغافقي، إبراهيم بن أحمد
A Qur'an reader and grammarian from Seville who memorized the Qur'an with its readings in Ceuta, after his family moved there, and studied Arabic grammar under Ibn Abi al-Rabi'.
شخصیت
الأحدب إبراهيم بن علي
1826 عیسوی · 1242 ھMan of letters, poet and jurist from Tripoli in Syria, who left a large body of books and treatises.
شخصیت
إبراهيم بن محمد الأعلم البطليوسي
The Andalusi littérateur, philologist and Qur'an reciter Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-A'lam al-Batalyusi, born at Badajoz and settled at Seville, known for philology, grammar and commentaries on poetry.
شخصیت
إبراهيم بن يحيى الأنصاري المرسي
1278 عیسوی · 677 ھThe grammarian, reciter and physician Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Yahya al-Ansari al-Mursi, from Murcia and active at Granada under the Nasrid state; the sources on him are few.
شخصیت
الأبياري إبراهيم إسماعيل
1902 عیسوی · 1320 ھEgyptian editor and author, born in Tanta, who edited works of adab and the classical heritage.
شخصیت
إمام الحرمين الجويني
Shaykh of the Shafi'is — driven from Khurasan when the vizier al-Kunduri obtained Alp Arslan's licence to curse the Rafida and the Ash'aris from the minbars; his four years teaching at Mecca gave him the title Imam al-Haramayn, and Nizam al-Mulk's reign brought the exiles home in honour.
شخصیت
عيسى بن عبد العزيز الجزولي
A Maghribi jurist of Berber origin. His name means the owner of good fortune in Berber.
شخصیت
إسكندر البارودي
1856 عیسوی · 1273 ھA Lebanese physician, man of letters, journalist and educator, who worked in teaching and in the judiciary.
شخصیت
جاد الحق بن علي جاد الحق
1917 عیسوی · 1335 ھJurist of legal theory and judge, forty-second Grand Imam of al-Azhar; born in Dakahlia province in 1335 AH (1917 CE) and died 1416 AH (1995 CE).
شخصیت
جعيط محمد العزيز بن يوسف
1886 عیسوی · 1303 ھScholar from Tunis, born there in 1303 AH (1886 CE) and educated at the Zaytuna mosque; died 1389 AH (1970 CE).
شخصیت
جمال الدين الأفغاني
1838 عیسوی · 1254 ھ†Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838–1897 CE) — al-Zirikli's 'philosopher of Islam in his age', co-founder with his pupil Muhammad Abduh of the Paris journal al-Urwa al-Wuthqa.
شخصیت
جمال الدين القاسمي
1866 عیسوی · 1283 ھ†Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi (1866–1914 CE) — the Damascene reformist scholar tried over the alleged 'Jamali madhhab', author of seventy-two works including Qawa'id al-Tahdith and the twelve-volume Mahasin al-Ta'wil.
شخصیت
جمال حمدان
1928 عیسوی · 1347 ھAn Egyptian geographer born in Gharyat Anay, a village in the Qalyubiyya district.
شخصیت
الجامي عبد الرحمن بن أحمد
1414 عیسوی · 817 ھA Persian poet and Sufi from Jam, named after the town. He wrote on poetry and Sufism.
شخصیت
جبرائيل بن بختيشوع بن جرجيس
A physician who studied at the hospital of Gundishapur and served the caliphs including al-Rashid. He was born and lived in Gundishapur.
شخصیت
جبريل توفيق صالح
1897 عیسوی · 1315 ھOne of the notable poets of Sudan, whose verse was tied to the political struggle; he was among the militants of the Unionist movement that led the 1924 uprising against colonial rule; died 1386 AH (1966 CE).
شخصیت
الأزدي أبو أسامة
Philologist and grammarian of Herat, who died around 399 AH.
شخصیت
كاظم جواد العارضي
1928 عیسوی · تقریباً 1347 ھAn Iraqi poet, writer and translator, born in Nasiriyya in southern Iraq.
شخصیت
خلف الأحمر
733 عیسوی · 115 ھPhilologist and transmitter of Basra, known for memorising and transmitting Arabic poetry.
شخصیت
خلف بن هشام
767 عیسوی · 150 ھOne of the ten canonical reciters of the Qur'an, from Baghdad. The sources agree that his readings are authoritative.
شخصیت
خالد الأزهري
Egyptian grammarian who studied Arabic with the scholars of his time in Egypt.
شخصیت
خالد بن أبي عمران
A Tunisian jurist of the Tujib tribe, with the kunya Abu Umar, and one of the Successors in Ifriqiya.
شخصیت
أبو الصفا صلاح الدين خليل الأقفهسي
1362 عیسوی · 763 ھThe Egyptian Shafi'i jurist Abu al-Safa Salah al-Din Khalil ibn Muhammad al-Aqfahsi, placed in the twenty-fourth class of al-Suyuti's biographies and known as al-Ashqar.
شخصیت
خلاف عبد الوهاب بن عبد الواحد
1888 عیسوی · 1305 ھJurist of legal theory, preacher and legal scholar, born in Kafr al-Zayyat in Gharbiyya in 1305 AH (1888 CE) and died 1375 AH (1956 CE).
شخصیت
خطيب زاده الرومي
Born in Kastamonu, known by the title Khatib-zada.
شخصیت
خير الدين التونسي
1822 عیسوی · 1238 ھA Tunisian and Ottoman statesman, born in the Circassian lands. He led the Tunisian government and wrote on political reform.
شخصیت
خيثمة بن سليمان الأطرابلسي
864 عیسوی · 250 ھThe traditionist and hafiz Abu al-Hasan Khaythama ibn Sulayman al-Qurashi of Tripoli in Syria, a leading transmitter of Syria in his age; he travelled widely in search of hadith and died at Tripoli.
شخصیت
خداش بن بشر
A poet of the Mujashi' branch of Tamim, with the kunyas Abu Malik and Abu Yazid. His son Malik was also a poet.
شخصیت
كوشيار بن لبان الجيلي
969 عیسوی · 360 ھAn astronomer and mathematician, named after Gilan in northern Iran.
شخصیت
لطف الله التوقاني
A Hanafi scholar of Turkish origin and upbringing, who studied under the scholars of his time and was known as Mawlana Lutfi.
شخصیت
محمود سامي البارودي
1839 عیسوی · 1255 ھ†Mahmud Sami al-Barudi (1839–1904 CE) — the premier who rode with the Urabi revolt, was exiled to Ceylon for seventeen years, and revived classical Arabic poetry.
شخصیت
محمود شكري الألوسي
1856 عیسوی · 1273 ھThe Baghdadi scholar Mahmud Shukri ibn Abd Allah al-Alusi, of a Baghdad family of scholars; he devoted himself to editing and publishing the classical heritage, and his grandfather was the author of the tafsir 'Ruh al-Ma'ani'.
شخصیت
مسروق بن الأجدع
One of the senior Successors (tabi'un), who transmitted hadith and was known for the Qur'anic readings. Several kunyas are given for him in the sources.
شخصیت
محمد عاكف إرصوي
1873 عیسوی · 1290 ھ†A Turkish poet and man of letters, born in Istanbul in 1873 and died in 1936.
شخصیت
محمد الأمين المثقب
1875 عیسوی · 1292 ھA Mauritanian scholar and teacher from a learned family.
شخصیت
محمد الأمين الشنقيطي
1875 عیسوی · 1292 ھA Mauritanian scholar from a learned family, known for his teaching and learning in the Shinqit region.
شخصیت
محمد البشير الخوجة
1869 عیسوی · 1286 ھA Tunisian historian of encyclopaedic learning.
شخصیت
محمد الجزولي السملالي
From the mountains of Sus in the Maghrib, author of the widely read Dala'il al-Khayrat on blessings upon the Prophet.
شخصیت
محمد بن الحسن الجربذقاني
933 عیسوی · 321 ھA philologist, man of letters and Shafi'i jurist, born in Jurbadhaqan.
شخصیت
محمد الشاذلي خزندار
1881 عیسوی · 1299 ھA Tunisian poet from the suburbs of Tunis, known as al-Sha'ir.
شخصیت
محمد التافلاتي
A Moroccan mufti from Tafilalt, a Maliki who later followed the Hanafi school.
شخصیت
محمد التاردي بن سودة
1707 عیسوی · 1118 ھA jurist from a family of scholars in Fez, who was also a hadith scholar and a Sufi.
شخصیت
محمد التطواني
A jurist, historian and journalist from Tetouan, of Andalusian descent.
شخصیت
محمد بن عبد الله بليهد
1892 عیسوی · 1310 ھA Saudi scholar born in 1310 AH from the Bulayhid family of Najd, recorded in modern biographical sources.
شخصیت
محمد بن أبي القاسم ابن الأنباري
884 عیسوی · 271 ھThe philologist, grammarian and transmitter of poetry Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abi al-Qasim ibn Bashshar al-Anbari, raised in a household of learning in al-Anbar, who studied with his father the sciences of hadith, reports and language.
شخصیت
محمد بن أحمد أكنسوس
1776 عیسوی · 1190 ھ†The Sufi preacher Muhammad ibn Ahmad Aknasus, a figure of the Tijani order in the Sus region of Morocco; the order spread in the region through his efforts.
شخصیت
محمد بن أحمد الأندرشي البلنسي
The jurist and physician Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Andarshi al-Balansi, who died at Tunis in 674 AH and wrote a versified medical poem and a verse work on simple drugs.
شخصیت
محمد بن الحارث الخشني
An Andalusian historian of Kairouan, named al-Khushani.
شخصیت
محمد بن علي الأنصاري الجياني
1098 عیسوی · 492 ھThe traditionist, Qur'an commentator and reader Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali al-Ansari al-Jayyani, born at Jaen in al-Andalus in 492 AH; he travelled east and settled at Damascus, where he taught the Qur'an.
شخصیت
محمد بن إبراهيم المتطبب
Personal physician to the Ottoman sultan Ahmad I, who ascended the throne in 1603.
شخصیت
محمد بن عيسى آل خليفة
1876 عیسوی · 1293 ھA prince and poet of the Al Khalifa family of Bahrain.
شخصیت
محمد بن مصطفى بيرم
1840 عیسوی · 1256 ھA Tunisian scholar of the Bayram family who lived through the early French period.
شخصیت
محمد بن عمر التونسي
1790 عیسوی · 1204 ھA Tunisian traveller and scholar whose family was spread between Egypt and the Maghrib.
شخصیت
محمد توفيق البكري
1870 عیسوی · 1287 ھAn Egyptian scholar and writer from the Bakri al-Siddiqi family, who compiled a dictionary of printed works.
شخصیت
محب الدين الخطيب
1886 عیسوی · 1303 ھAn encyclopaedic writer, journalist, historian, political activist and social theorist.
شخصیت
مجير الدين العليمي
Qadi Mujir al-Din al-Ulaymi al-Hanbali, d. AH 927 — author of al-Uns al-Jalil, the classic history of Jerusalem and Hebron, begun in Dhu al-Hijja 900 and finished in four months.
شخصیت
ملا حسن البزاز
1845 عیسوی · 1261 ھOne of the best-known poets of Mosul, who studied with several of its scholars.
شخصیت
منير البعلبكي
1918 عیسوی · 1337 ھFrom a prominent Beirut family, and one of the best-known Arabic lexicographers of the twentieth century.
شخصیت
المنذر البلوطي
886 عیسوی · 273 ھQadi al-jama'a of Cordoba under al-Nasir; when the caliph's mania for building al-Zahra' kept him from three consecutive Fridays at the mosque, Mundhir opened his sermon with 'Do ye build a sign on every height?' until the caliph wept — then, refusing to dismiss him, swore he would be ashamed before God to lose so pious an intercessor at Friday prayer.
شخصیت
مصعب الخشني
1139 عیسوی · 535 ھA scholar of the Maghrib who studied with Abd al-Haqq al-Ishbili in Bejaia.
شخصیت
مصطفى البكري
1688 عیسوی · 1099 ھA Sufi scholar of Damascus, a member of the Khalwati order and one of the scholars of the Bakri al-Siddiqi family.
شخصیت
مصطفى حلمي
1904 عیسوی · 1322 ھOne of the pioneers of philosophical studies in Egypt and the Arab world.
شخصیت
نجيب الحداد
1867 عیسوی · 1284 ھ†Najib al-Haddad (1867–1899 CE) — the Beiruti journalist who spent a decade at Cairo's al-Ahram translating French novels, among them a Salah al-Din romance.
شخصیت
نجيب بلدي
1907 عیسوی · 1324 ھOne of the first cohort at the Egyptian University and a pioneer of contemporary Arab philosophical thought.
شخصیت
نشوان الحميري
A Yemeni scholar of Dhu Marath, descended from a king of Yemen, and a writer on language in his time.
شخصیت
الأمير نسيب أرسلان
1867 عیسوی · 1284 ھ†Amir Nasib Arslan (1867–1927 CE) — the Beiruti poet-journalist of al-Mufid who broke with the Unionists for the decentralist Arab cause; brother of Shakib Arslan.
شخصیت
نصير الدين الطوسي
Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tusi, d. AH 672 — the philosopher-scientist who composed his Persian Akhlaq-i Nasiri in Quhistan for its amir.
شخصیت
بيري رئيس أحمد بن محيي الدين
A navigation scholar and admiral of the Egyptian and Ottoman fleets, and a pioneer of nautical cartography.
شخصیت
قوام السنة إسماعيل بن محمد
1064 عیسوی · 457 ھFrom Isfahan and descended from Talha ibn Ubayd Allah. He was learned in tafsir, hadith, jurisprudence, the readings, language and literature.
شخصیت
قدامة بن جعفر
888 عیسوی · 275 ھWriter and literary critic whose grandfather, a Christian, converted to Islam; his father was a scribe; died 337 AH (948 CE).
شخصیت
رضوان الجنوي
1505 عیسوی · 912 ھA memorizer and transmitter of hadith in Fez, one of the scholars of the Maghrib in the tenth century AH.
شخصیت
محمد سعيد رمضان البوطي
1894 عیسوی · 1311 ھA prominent Muslim scholar: a legal theorist, jurist, reformer, philologist and editor, born in Damascus into an old family.
شخصیت
السيد محمد رشيد رضا
Scholar and journalist of the Islamic reform movement, a disciple of Muhammad Abduh and author of a two-volume biography of him. Arslan calls him 'the great master', praises his command of Arabic, his jurisprudence on modern questions and his reply to critics of Islamic law, and cites his treatment of concubinage in Islamic law.
شخصیت
رزق الله بن عبد الوهاب التميمي
1010 عیسوی · 401 ھA Hanbali jurist and historian of Baghdad, whose biography is recorded in works including those of Ibn al-Jawzi.
شخصیت
رفاعة الطهطاوي
1801 عیسوی · 1216 ھ†Rifa'a al-Tahtawi (1801–1873 CE) — 'one of the pillars of Egypt's modern renaissance'; al-Azhar scholar sent as imam with the student mission to France, then head of translation and founder of al-Waqa'i' al-Misriyya.
شخصیت
روحي الخالدي
1864 عیسوی · 1280 ھBorn in Jerusalem, where his schooling moved between Jerusalem and Nablus.
شخصیت
روزبهان البقلي
A Sufi scholar of Shiraz, known as Sadr al-Din, with contributions to several fields and one of the major writers on Persian Sufism.
شخصیت
سعد بن مالك الخدري
تقریباً 612 عیسویA Companion of the Prophet from the Ansar, of the Khudra clan, who transmitted hadith.
شخصیت
صفاء الدين عيسى البندنيجي
1788 عیسوی · 1203 ھA Sufi scholar of Baghdad from the Qadiri and Naqshbandi orders, named after Bandanijin.
شخصیت
الصاحب بن عباد
The Sahib Ibn Abbad, Buyid wazir and keeper of the famous library — who judged Sayf al-Dawla's thousand dinars too little for the Aghani, called it his one boon-companion in 117,000 volumes, and swapped his thirty-camel adab caravan for it alone.
شخصیت
سعيد بن أوس أبو زيد الأنصاري
740 عیسوی · 122 ھThe philologist, grammarian and transmitter Abu Zayd Said ibn Aws ibn Thabit al-Ansari, who studied language, grammar, recitation and hadith with the scholars of his age and wrote works on language.
شخصیت
الأشنانياني، أبو عثمان سعيد بن هارون
A grammarian and philologist from Baghdad, one of the imams of the Arabic language and its transmitters, who lived in Basra, where Ibn Duraid met him.
شخصیت
سعيد بن يحيى الأموي
The traditionist and jurist Abu Uthman Said ibn Yahya ibn Said ibn Aban al-Umawi, of Kufan origin who settled in Baghdad; he transmitted hadith from his paternal uncles and from scholars of his time.
شخصیت
صلاح الدين بن يوسف الكحال
A physician from the last generation of Arab physicians, raised in Aleppo.
شخصیت
سالم بن فضل باعفضل
A scholar from Tarim in Hadramawt, descended from Sa'd al-Ashira. He died in 581 AH.
شخصیت
ساطع الحصري
1880 عیسوی · 1298 ھFrom an Arab family of Aleppo merchants. One of the leading theorists of Arab nationalism, who wrote on education and politics.
شخصیت
الشمردل بن شريك
A poet of the Yarbu' clan, associated with the Kharijites and the poetry of heroic valour.
شخصیت
سيدي بن المختار الأبيري
تقریباً 1760 عیسوی · تقریباً 1173 ھ†A Mauritanian scholar from a learned family, born near Btalmit. He studied the Qur'an, grammar, rhetoric, logic and creed, then travelled widely in pursuit of learning.
شخصیت
صدي بن عجلان الباهلي
641 عیسوی · 21 ھA Companion from Qays Aylan, of the Bahila clan. The sources agree on his tribal affiliation but differ on his name.
شخصیت
سليمان الحوات
1747 عیسوی · 1160 ھFrom a noble family of Fez, one of the scholars of the Maghrib in the thirteenth century AH.
شخصیت
سليمان بن طرخان التيمي
666 عیسوی · 46 ھA hadith scholar of Basra who narrated from the Companion Anas ibn Malik and a number of Successors.
شخصیت
سليمان بن عمر الأهدل
1725 عیسوی · 1137 ھThe Yemeni traditionist Abu al-Mahasin Sulayman ibn Umar al-Ahdal al-Zabidi, born at Zabid in 1137 AH and known as the traditionist of Yemen; he wrote works including a commentary on a versified treatise on hadith terminology.
شخصیت
طه باقر
1912 عیسوی · 1331 ھAn Iraqi historian and archaeologist born in al-Hilla, south-west of Baghdad, from a family known for learning.
شخصیت
طاهر الجزائري
1852 عیسوی · 1268 ھ†Tahir al-Jaza'iri (1852–1920 CE) — the Damascene manuscript-hunter who helped found the Zahiriyya library and Jerusalem's Khalidiyya library.
شخصیت
تمام بن غالب
An Andalusian philologist from Cordoba and Murcia. His nisba al-Tayyani may suggest a seller of tayyani cloth.
شخصیت
طنطاوي جوهري
1870 عیسوی · 1287 ھAn Egyptian Islamic scholar with contributions to Qur'anic commentary and the natural sciences.
شخصیت
توفيق الحكيم
1898 عیسوی · 1316 ھAn Egyptian writer born in Alexandria in October 1898, grew up in Alexandria and Cairo, and was a pioneer of the Arabic theatre and novel.
شخصیت
تيمور أحمد بن إسماعيل
1871 عیسوی · 1288 ھFigure of the Arab cultural renaissance in modern Egypt, from a Kurdish family settled in Egypt; born in Cairo 1288 AH (1871 CE), died 1348 AH (1930 CE).
شخصیت
عبيد الله بن الحسين الجلاب
A Basran Maliki jurist.
شخصیت
عبيد الله بن جبريل
A physician, researcher and historian of medicine, knowledgeable about the Christian communities and their doctrines. He belonged to the Bukhtishu family of physicians.
شخصیت
عمر بن الأشعث التيمي
Named after his grandfather Laja, not his father al-Ash'ath.
شخصیت
الأشرف الغساني الملك، أبو حفص عمر بن الملك المظفر
A Yemeni ruler of the Rasulid line who wrote on the astrolabe, veterinary medicine and simple drugs, drawing on Ibn al-Baytar and al-Zahrawi.
شخصیت
عمر الخيام
1048 عیسوی · 439 ھA mathematician, astronomer, philosopher and poet. Little is known of his life.
شخصیت
أسامة بن منقذ
Mu'ayyid al-Dawla Usama ibn Murshid al-Kinani, d. AH 584 — the Shayzari emir and man of letters, author of Azhar al-Anhar.
شخصیت
عثمان بن سعيد الأنماطي
The Baghdadi traditionist Abu al-Qasim Uthman ibn Said ibn Bashshar al-Anmati, named after the anmat (floor coverings and cushions); he died in 288 AH.
شخصیت
عثمان بن سند البصري
1766 عیسوی · 1180 ھA jurist, man of letters, poet and historian from Najd, with contributions across several fields of learning.
شخصیت
وردة اليازجي
1838 عیسوی · 1254 ھ†Warda al-Yaziji (1838–1924 CE) — the Lebanese poetess of Kafarshima, author of the diwan Hadiqat al-Ward.
شخصیت
يحيى حقي
1905 عیسوی · 1323 ھAn Egyptian writer born in the Sayyida Zaynab district of Cairo in January 1905, who held a law degree.
شخصیت
ياقوت الحموي
1179 عیسوی · 575 ھA geographer and lexicographer, author of Mu'jam al-Buldan and Mu'jam al-Udaba'.
شخصیت
يزيد بن القعقاع
660 عیسوی · 40 ھOne of the ten well-known canonical reciters, from Medina.
شخصیت
يزيد بن ربيعة بن مفرغ
A poet of the Himyar tribe, whose poetry belongs to the Umayyad period. The sources differ on his father's name.
شخصیت
يوسف الأسير
1817 عیسوی · 1232 ھFrom a family of Sidon known by the nickname al-Asir. He grew up in Sidon, memorized the Qur'an and went to Damascus in 1832 to study.
شخصیت
زكي الأرسوزي
1900 عیسوی · 1318 ھA Syrian thinker and teacher from Latakia, named after the village of Arsuz in the Alexandretta sanjak. He wrote on philosophy, education and Arab nationalist thought.
شخصیت
زينب فواز
Zaynab Fawwaz of Jabal Amil (d. 1914 CE) — author of al-Durr al-Manthur, the great biographical dictionary of famous women, 'the best composed in its genre'.
شخصیت
زرياب
Ali ibn Nafi, called Ziryab — al-Mahdi's freedman and Ibrahim al-Mawsili's pupil — reached Abd al-Rahman II in AH 206 and the emir rode out himself to meet him; he bequeathed al-Andalus its craft of song, and the poet al-Ghazzal's savage lampoon of him was what sent al-Ghazzal into exile.
شخصیت
زياد بن خلفون
A physician of Kairouan, a client of the Aghlabids, about whose origins little is known.
الرسالة
Epic film about the birth of Islam, shot in separate Arabic and English versions with different casts; the Prophet is never shown or heard.
ليلة في الأقصى
Abrar Hussain's documentary filmed on Laylat al-Qadr inside al-Aqsa — following Palestinian worshippers, guardians and workers through the holiest night of the year.
محمد خاتم الأنبياء
An American animated feature about the Prophet's mission and the rise of Islam in Mecca, produced by Badr International; the Prophet is neither shown nor heard.
ذا ٩٩
The animated series based on Naif al-Mutawa's comic of superheroes inspired by the names of God — the first global Muslim superhero franchise.
تصنیف
أبيات أبان بن سعيد إلى أخويه خالد وعمرو
Two verses Ibn Ishaq attributes to Aban ibn Sa'id ibn al-As, addressing his brothers Khalid and Amr when they became Muslim; Ibn Ishaq notes that their father Sa'id had died at al-Zurayba. The museum does not reproduce the verses.
تصنیف
أبيات عتاب العباس بن مرداس في قسمة الجعرانة
The verses of gentle reproach composed by Abbas ibn Mirdas when granted fewer camels than Uyayna and al-Aqra', upon which the Prophet ordered his share completed to a full hundred until he was satisfied.
تصنیف
قصيدة العباس بن مرداس في يوم حنين
The ode composed by Abbas ibn Mirdas al-Sulami celebrating the steadfastness of Banu Sulaym and the Muslims' counter-rally at the Battle of Hunayn, answering Hawazin's poets.
تصنیف
أبيات عبد الله بن أنيس في قتل ابن نبيح الهذلي
Seven dal-rhymed verses Ibn Hisham reports as Abdullah ibn Unays's: he left Ibn Thawr like a camel calf with wailing women rending their collars around him, struck him with an Indian sword while the litters were behind, and told him as the sword bit his head: I am Ibn Unays, a horseman of no base stock; take that from a noble hanif upon the religion of the Prophet Muhammad; whenever the Prophet set his mind on an unbeliever he was first to him with tongue and hand.
تصنیف
شعر أبي جعال الجذامي بعد ردّ النبي ما أُخذ من جذام
A ra'-rhymed poem Abu Ji'al composed when the restitution to Judham was done: a reproaching woman pleading for the captives, the thought that had the matter been left to Us and Aws no release would be hoped for, their journey to Yathrib on tried camels and their stand before the Prophet; Ibn Hisham marks two phrases as from other than Ibn Ishaq.
تصنیف
أبيات أبي خيثمة في لحاقه بالنبي
Verses Ibn Hisham attributes to Abu Khaythama, whose name was Malik ibn Qays, on his leaving his two bowers and catching up with the Prophet, showing that he had pledged to the Prophet and earned no sin. The museum does not reproduce the verses.
تصنیف
أدب الدنيا والدين
Al-Mawardi's Adab al-Dunya wal-Din — ethics of worldly life and religion.
تصنیف
أدب الكاتب
Ibn Qutayba's Adab al-Katib — the training manual of the state secretariat; 'a sermon without a book', said to hold a little of everything.
تصنیف
الأحاديث الكلية
A dictation session by the hadith master Abu Amr ibn al-Salah gathering the comprehensive hadiths on which the religion is said to turn — twenty-six in all — which al-Nawawi took and expanded into his 'Arba'un'.
تصنیف
أحكام القرآن لابن العربي
Qadi Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi's Ahkam al-Quran — the Maliki master's Quranic rulings, opening 'the mention of God comes before every matter'.
تصنیف
أحكام القرآن للجصاص
Al-Jassas al-Razi's Ahkam al-Quran — the Hanafi jurist's Quranic rulings, among the works Kashf al-Zunun lists under the genre.
تصنیف
أحكام القرآن للطحاوي
Al-Tahawi's Ahkam al-Quran — the Egyptian Hanafi jurist-traditionist's Quranic rulings.
تصنیف
أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم
Al-Muqaddasi's Ahsan al-Taqasim — the division of the inhabited quarter's climes with their lands, seas, mountains, rivers, routes, mines and properties, compiled from his own travels and verified inquiry; 'indispensable to travellers, scholars and chiefs'.
تصنیف
أخبار الوزراء
Sahib Ismail ibn Abbad's Akhbar al-Wuzara — vizier biographies, alongside parallel collections by al-Hamadhani, al-Wasiti, al-Suli and al-Sabi.
تصنیف
أخبار عمر بن عبد العزيز
Al-Ajurri's Akhbar 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz — reports on the Umayyad caliph.
تصنیف
أخلاق الملوك
Al-Jahiz's Akhlaq al-Muluk — on the conduct of kings.
تصنیف
أخلاق النبي
Akhlaq al-Nabi — 'the character of the Prophet': collections by al-Warraq and Ibn Hibban al-Busti.
تصنیف
أخلاق ناصري
Al-Tusi's Persian Akhlaq-i Nasiri — composed in Quhistan for its amir, who had asked for a translation of Miskawayh's Tahara; al-Tusi added the civic and household-economy sections.
تصنیف
كتاب الأغاني
Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani's Aghani, 'a book whose like was never written': fifty years in the gathering, the author's only autograph, gifted to Sayf al-Dawla for a thousand dinars — whereupon the Sahib Ibn Abbad declared the prince had shortchanged him, called it his sole companion among the 117,000 volumes of his library, and thereafter replaced his thirty-camel train of adab books with it; its draft sold at Baghdad's suq for 4,000 dirhams and Adud al-Dawla never left it.
تصنیف
الأحكام السلطانية لأبي يعلى
Abu Ya'la ibn al-Farra's al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya — the Hanbali counterpart to al-Mawardi's manual of public law.
تصنیف
الأحكام السلطانية للماوردي
Al-Mawardi's al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya — the twenty-chapter manual of public law and the institutions of rule.
تصنیف
الأعلاق الخطيرة في تاريخ الشام والجزيرة
Ibn Shaddad's al-A'laq al-Khatira fi Tarikh al-Sham wal-Jazira — the great historical topography of Syria and the Jazira.
تصنیف
الألبوم الأسود
Hanif Kureishi's novel of a British-Pakistani youth torn between 90s music culture and Islamists in London.
تصنیف
الأمثال السائرة
Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam's al-Amthal al-Sa'ira — the early proverb collection.
تصنیف
الأنساب
Al-Sam'ani's al-Ansab — the great dictionary of nisbas in eight volumes, rare in its complete form.
تصنیف
الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية
Abu Rayhan al-Biruni's surviving traces of the past centuries — composed for Shams al-Ma'ali Qabus, laying out the calendars the nations use and the disagreement in the principles on which they rest.
تصنیف
أبيات الضحاك بن خليفة بعد تحريق بيت سويلم
Verses Ibn Hisham attributes to al-Dahhak ibn Khalifa describing what befell him when he broke out of the back of the house, saying he would not do the like again. The museum does not reproduce the verses.
تصنیف
الضوء اللامع لأهل القرن التاسع
Al-Sakhawi's multi-volume biographical dictionary of the ninth Hijri century, in which — after the hadith masters' custom — he included his own entry.
تصنیف
الإحاطة في تاريخ غرناطة
Ibn al-Khatib's al-Ihata fi Tarikh Gharnata — the multi-volume history and biographies of Granada.
تصنیف
الإحكام في أصول الأحكام
The Ihkam on the principles of legal rulings, which Hajji Khalifa attributes to Abu Muhammad Ali ibn Ahmad al-Zahiri, d. AH 456.
تصنیف
الإكليل في أنساب حمير وأيام ملوكها
Al-Hamdani's Iklil — the ten-volume crown of Himyarite genealogy and regnal lore, interleaved with conjunction-reckoning, natural philosophy and the ancients' views on world ages.
تصنیف
الإعلام في حدود الأحكام
Qadi Iyad's al-I'lam fi Hudud al-Ahkam — on the boundaries of legal rulings.
تصنیف
الإعلام بتاريخ أهل الإسلام
Ibn Qadi Shuhba's al-I'lam bi-Tarikh Ahl al-Islam — a general Islamic history by the Damascene Shafi'i judge-historian.
تصنیف
الإعلان بالتوبيخ لمن ذم أصحاب التاريخ
Al-Sakhawi's al-I'lan bil-Tawbikh — 'the rebuke of those who disparage the historians', a defence of the craft of history.
تصنیف
الإلمام في أحاديث الأحكام
Ibn Daqiq al-Id's al-Ilmam fi Ahadith al-Ahkam — the legal hadiths' texts without isnads.
تصنیف
الإمام في أدلة الأحكام
Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam's al-Imam fi Adilat al-Ahkam.
تصنیف
الإمتاع والمؤانسة
Al-Tawhidi's al-Imta' wal-Mu'anasa — 'enjoyment and companionship', the night-session record.
تصنیف
الاقتصاد في الاعتقاد
Al-Ghazali's al-Iqtisad fi'l-I'tiqad — his concise systematic creed.
تصنیف
الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة
Ibn Hajar's five-volume discrimination of the Companions — gathering the Istīʿab, its supplement and Usd al-ghaba with many additions of his own; al-Suyuti abridged it as 'Ayn al-isaba'.
تصنیف
الإشارات والتنبيهات
Avicenna's al-Isharat wal-Tanbihat — his last and most contested summa of logic and wisdom, with Fakhr al-Din al-Razi's sharh and Lubab, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's commentary and Qutb al-Din's arbitration between them.
تصنیف
الاستيعاب في معرفة الأصحاب
Ibn Abd al-Barr's Companion biographies — one of the four books Ibn al-Athir exhausted in Usd al-Ghaba under the siglum (ب); its marginal additions fed the Tajrid.
تصنیف
الاعتصام في الحديث
Ibn Battal's al-I'tisam fi'l-Hadith.
تصنیف
الإتقان في علوم القرآن
Al-Suyuti's Itqan — 'the likeliest and most profitable of his works': he built on al-Zarkashi's Burhan, expanding to eighty types of Quranic science, and made it the preface to his intended great tafsir Majma' al-Bahrayn.
تصنیف
الكشاف عن حقائق التنزيل
Al-Zamakhshari's unsurpassed tafsir — opened first with 'Praise God who created the Qur'an', then emended to 'who made the Qur'an' (ja'ala meaning created, for them), while many manuscripts read 'who sent down' — 'the people's correction, not the author's'.
تصنیف
الخطط التوفيقية الجديدة
Ali Mubarak Pasha's al-Khitat al-Tawfiqiyya — a twenty-part description of Egypt on the model of al-Maqrizi's Khitat.
تصنیف
اللباب في تهذيب الأنساب
Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari's al-Lubab — his three-volume epitome of al-Sam'ani's Ansab, finished Jumada I 615 and judged by Ibn Khallikan 'better than the original'; al-Suyuti epitomised it further as Lubb al-Lubab.
تصنیف
المغني
Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi's commentary on the Mukhtasar of al-Kharaqi, the most famous of its commentaries; he writes out each question from the base text, then lays out the imams' positions and their evidence and gives his preference. It ran to nine volumes in the author's own hand, and most copies today are in thirteen volumes.
تصنیف
المغرب في حلى المغرب
Ali b. Musa Ibn Sa'id's encyclopaedia of Maghrebi and Andalusi lore, headed by Washy al-tars on al-Andalus (its west, centre, east, and the lands already held by the Cross's servants), followed by the Alhan al-musliyya on Sicily and the Ghaya al-akhira on the great land; the Cordoba-caliphate section alone ran seven kingdom-books.
تصنیف
المحكم والمحيط الأعظم
Ibn Sida's great dictionary — 'the most wondrous and soundest of books,' in the phrase of the Mutammih.
تصنیف
المترجمة
Leila Aboulela's novel of a devout Sudanese widow in Aberdeen — a landmark of English-language Muslim fiction.
تصنیف
المظفري
The al-Muzaffari — the nearly fifty-volume encyclopedic compilation of al-Muzaffar ibn al-Aftas, scholar-king of Badajoz.
تصنیف
عداء الطائرة الورقية
Khaled Hosseini's novel of friendship and guilt in Kabul across the Soviet invasion and Taliban rule — the widest-read Afghan novel.
تصنیف
أبيات النعمان بن عدي من ميسان
Verses attributed to al-Nu'man ibn Adi while he governed Maysan that reached Umar ibn al-Khattab and caused his dismissal; the editors' marginal note says they were written to his wife. The transmission of their ending differs between the book and the Mu'jam al-Buldan. The museum does not reproduce the verses.
تصنیف
الروض الأنف في شرح السيرة النبوية
Al-Suhayli's celebrated commentary on Ibn Hisham's Sira.
تصنیف
الشفا بتعريف حقوق المصطفى
Qadi 'Iyad's book on the Prophet's due and his noble traits — 'none was composed like it before', says Ibn al-'Imad.
تصنیف
التمهيد لما في الموطأ من المعاني والأسانيد
Ibn 'Abd al-Barr's seventy-part Tamhid on the Muwatta', arranged by Malik's shuyukh alphabetically — 'nothing like it on fiqh al-hadith', said Ibn Hazm.
تصنیف
الثلاثية
Mahfouz's trilogy — Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, Sugar Street — three generations of a Muslim Cairene family between the wars.
تصنیف
الأنس الجليل بتاريخ القدس والخليل
Mujir al-Din's al-Uns al-Jalil — the classic topographical history of Jerusalem and Hebron, gathering the earlier Jerusalem histories with annals and obituaries; written in four months from Dhu al-Hijja AH 900.
تصنیف
أعلام التبوة
Al-Mawardi's A'lam al-Tubwa — an epitome in twenty-one chapters on the signs of prophethood and their classes and rulings.
تصنیف
ألف شمس ساطعة
Hosseini's novel of Mariam and Laila — thirty years of Afghan women's lives through civil war and Taliban rule.
تصنیف
ألفية العراقي في أصول الحديث
Al-Iraqi's Alfiyya — the thousand-verse epitome of Ibn al-Salah's Ulum al-Hadith with additions, finished at Medina in Jumada al-Akhira AH 768.
تصنیف
الألفية في النحو
Ibn Malik's Alfiyya — the thousand-verse grammar epitome; Kashf al-Zunun lists dozens of commentaries and superglosses on it.
تصنیف
أليف الخفي
G. Willow Wilson's techno-fantasy of an Arab hacker and an ancient jinn manuscript — code, Sufism and the Arab Spring.
تصنیف
أمالي القالي
Al-Qali's Amali — his dictation-sessions in language, composed at Cordoba after AH 330.
تصنیف
أمالي ابن الشجري
Ibn al-Shajari's Amali — eight volumes of dictations across five branches of adab.
تصنیف
أمالي ابن عساكر في الحديث
Ibn 'Asakir's Amali in hadith.
تصنیف
أمالي ابن دريد
Ibn Durayd's Amali — dictations in Arabic, epitomised by al-Suyuti as Qatf al-Warid.
تصنیف
أمالي نظام الملك
Nizam al-Mulk's Amali — the Seljuk vizier's hadith dictations.
تصنیف
هجاء عمرو بن الأهتم لقيس بن عاصم «ظلت مفترش الهلباء تشتمني»
Two verses in which Amr ibn al-Ahtam lampooned Qays ibn Asim after learning that Qays had belittled him before the Prophet: Qays insulted him before the Messenger and was neither truthful nor right; Amr's lordship is wide, Qays's is cramped. Ibn Hisham omitted a third verse as obscene.
تصنیف
قصيدة عمرو بن معدي كرب إلى قيس بن مكشوح «أمرتك يوم ذي صنعاء»
A dal-rhymed poem Amr ibn Ma'dikarib composed when Qays ibn Makshuh threatened him for defying him and going to the Prophet: he reminds Qays that on the day of Dhu San'a' he had counselled him clearly, to fear God and do good, but Qays like a donkey was fooled by its tether; then he threatens that whoever meets him meets a maned lion. Ibn Hisham gives Abu Ubayda's reading of three lines and says Abu Ubayda did not know the rest.
تصنیف
أمثال القرآن
Al-Mawardi's Amthal al-Qur'an — alongside versions by al-Sulami and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya.
تصنیف
أنساب الأشراف
Al-Baladhuri's Ansab al-Ashraf — 'a large, highly useful book'; twenty volumes were written of it without completion.
تصنیف
أنساب حمير وملوكها
Ibn Hisham's Ansab Himyar wa-Mulukiha — the genealogies and kings of Himyar, by the author of the Sira.
تصنیف
أنوار التنزيل وأسرار التأويل
Al-Baydawi's Anwar al-Tanzil wa-Asrar al-Ta'wil — the tafsir that 'won gracious acceptance among the generality of the learned', generating dozens of glosses and supercommentaries.
تصنیف
العقيدة الطحاوية
A short statement of the creed of Ahl al-Sunna wa'l-Jama'a by Abu Ja'far al-Tahawi, who presents it as the creed of the jurists of the community Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan; about 134 articles from tawhid to a warning against sects.
تصنیف
العقيدة الواسطية
A statement of the creed of Ahl al-Sunna wa'l-Jama'a written by Ibn Taymiyya in 698 AH at the request of one of the judges of Wasit, which was discussed at a session in Damascus in 705 AH.
تصنیف
آراء أهل المدينة الفاضلة
Al-Farabi's Ara' Ahl al-Madina al-Fadila — 'the opinions of the virtuous city's people', his great work of political philosophy.
تصنیف
قواعد العشق الأربعون
Elif Shafak's global bestseller on Shams of Tabriz and Rumi, with a modern parallel story — the most popular Sufi novel of the century.
تصنیف
الأربعون النووية
The famous collection of concise hadiths that Imam Abu Zakariyya Yahya al-Nawawi took from Ibn al-Salah's 'al-Ahadith al-Kulliyya' (twenty-six hadiths) and expanded to forty-two, naming it 'al-Arba'un'; widely memorised and much commented upon.
تصنیف
أساس البلاغة
Al-Zamakhshari's Asas al-Balagha — a large lexicon of figurative usage and rhetorical expression ordered like al-Mughrib; 'a pillar of the literary art, indeed its foundation'.
تصنیف
أسباب النزول
Al-Wahidi's Asbab al-Nuzul — 'the most famous work composed on the occasions of revelation'; the genre began with Ali ibn al-Madini, with later versions by Ibn al-Jawzi, Ibn Hajar and al-Suyuti.
تصنیف
آثار البلاد وأخبار العباد
Qazwini's geography — a muqaddima and seven climes gathering what he knew, heard and witnessed of the lands' and peoples' peculiarities, dated 674.
تصنیف
أولاد حارتنا
Naguib Mahfouz's allegorical 1959 novel restaging prophetic history in a Cairo alley — controversial enough to be banned in Egypt for years.
تصنیف
أعيان العصر وأعوان النصر
Al-Safadi's A'yan al-'Asr wa-A'wan al-Nasr — biographies of his own age's notables.
تصنیف
الآيات الشيطانية
Rushdie's 1988 novel that triggered the Khomeini fatwa and the global free-expression crisis — indexed here as a historical object, neutrally.
تصنیف
عزازيل
Youssef Ziedan's IPAF-winning novel about a fifth-century Egyptian monk accompanying Nestorius — theological fiction that stirred church controversy.
تصنیف
أزهار الأنهار
Usama ibn Munqidh's Azhar al-Anhar.
تصنیف
أزهار الروضتين في أخبار الدولتين
Abu Shama's Azhar al-Rawdatayn — 'flowers of the two gardens', the chronicle of the states of Nur al-Din and Salah al-Din of the Kurds.
تصنیف
أزهار الرياض في أخبار عياض
Ibn al-Qadi's Azhar al-Riyad fi Akhbar Iyad — the celebrated biographical commentary on Qadi Iyad.
تصنیف
باب الشمس
Elias Khoury's epic of Palestinian refugees retelling the Nakba in Shatila camp; filmed by Yousry Nasrallah.
تصنیف
بداية المجتهد ونهاية المقتصد
Ibn Rushd's book of comparative fiqh, listed among his works.
تصنیف
أبيات بجير بن بجرة في قصة البقر
Verses Ibn Ishaq attributes to a man of Tayy named Bujayr ibn Bujra recalling the Prophet's words to Khalid that he would find Ukaydir hunting wild cows, and what the cows did that night until they drew him out. The museum does not reproduce the verses.
تصنیف
عهد النبي إلى عمرو بن حزم حين بعثه إلى اليمن
A written charge the Prophet gave Amr ibn Hazm when sending him to Banu al-Harith ibn Ka'b: fear God, take what is right, give good tidings, teach the Qur'an which none may touch but the pure, be gentle in right and severe against wrong, teach the rites of the greater hajj and the lesser (the umra), forbid praying in one small garment, sitting wrapped with the private parts exposed, braiding the hair at the nape, and tribal rallying-cries in strife; order full ablution, the five prayers at their times, Friday and its bath, the fifth of booty and the sadaqa rates on crops, camels, cattle and sheep, with the rule for Jews and Christians who convert and for those who keep their faith and owe a full dinar per adult or its value in cloth.
تصنیف
كتاب الرسول ليحنة بن رؤبة وأهل أيلة
A letter of safe-conduct the Prophet wrote for Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba and the people of Ayla, their ships and their caravans on land and sea, and whoever was with them of the people of al-Sham, Yemen and the sea; it places them under the protection of God and of Muhammad, stipulates that the property of whoever among them commits a wrong shall not shield him personally, and that they may not be barred from water they come to or a road they wish on land or sea.
تصنیف
الرسالة الكاملية في السيرة النبوية (فاضل بن ناطق)
Ibn al-Nafis's philosophical tale of a child who deduces religion and science alone on an island — the earliest complete philosophical novel, a root of science fiction.
تصنیف
خطبة الوداع
The sermon delivered at Arafat on 9 Dhu al-Hijja 10 AH and repeated in substance at Mina on the Day of Sacrifice: sanctity of life, property and honour; the abolition of pagan vengeance and usury; counsel on women; the sufficiency of the Book of God; no prophet after him; and the witnessed testimony 'O God, bear witness'.
تصنیف
أبيات فروة بن عمرو الجذامي في محبسه وعند صلبه
Verses Farwa ibn Amr al-Judhami composed when the Romans imprisoned him for his Islam: he addresses Sulayma, describes the Romans between the gate and the troughs, asks that no eye be kohl'd after him, and tells Abu Kubaysha that his tongue is not cut among the mighty and that he has gathered generosity, courage and eloquence; two verses when they resolved to crucify him at the water of Afra', and one verse al-Zuhri reports he said as he was brought out to die: tell the chiefs of the Muslims that my bones and my standing are at peace with my Lord.
تصنیف
شعر فروة بن مسيك في يوم الردم وفي مسيره إلى النبي
A nun-rhymed poem Farwa ibn Musayk al-Muradi composed on the Day of al-Radm: if they win they have long been winners and if beaten they are not the oft-beaten, cowardice is not their way, fortune turns by turns, and had kings lived forever so would they; and two verses he said when he set out for the Prophet, leaving the kings of Kinda. Ibn Hisham marks the first line and the phrase 'if we win' as from other than Ibn Ishaq and gives Abu Ubayda's reading of the second couplet.
تصنیف
فصل المقال فيما بين الحكمة والشريعة من الاتصال
Ibn Rushd's printed treatise on the accord of philosophy and the revealed law, listed among his works.
تصنیف
فرانكشتاين في بغداد
Ahmed Saadawi's IPAF-winning novel — a creature stitched from bombing victims walks post-2003 Baghdad.
تصنیف
غادة كربلاء
Jurji Zaydan's historical romance on Karbala — one of the most famous of the 23 novels that taught generations of Arabs their history through fiction.
تصنیف
جرناطة (ثلاثية)
Radwa Ashour's trilogy on a family in post-conquest Granada — the Moriscos and a forbidden culture; the finest Arabic fiction on al-Andalus's end.
تصنیف
مراثي حسان بن ثابت في شهداء مؤتة
Three elegies by Hassan ibn Thabit mourning the Mu'tah commanders: the first for all three together, the second for Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, and the third for Zayd and Ibn Rawaha. Transmitted by Ibn Ishaq within his Mu'tah account.
تصنیف
قصيدة حسان في تعداد أيام الأنصار مع النبي
A lam-rhymed poem listing the Ansar's battles beside the Prophet from Badr to Tabuk; Ibn Ishaq places it at the close of the Bara'a chapter, and Ibn Hisham notes it is also attributed to Hassan's son Abd al-Rahman and that its last verse comes from a source other than Ibn Ishaq.
تصنیف
قصيدة حسان «كنا ملوك الناس قبل محمد»
A lam-rhymed poem by Hassan ibn Thabit in praise of the Ansar: kings of men before Muhammad, then honoured by God through the victory of his religion; it praises their generosity and justice and closes with Sa'd ibn Mu'adh and Hanzala washed by the angels. Ibn Hisham marks one phrase as from other than Ibn Ishaq; the editors record the diwan's variant readings.
تصنیف
قصيدة حسان «قومي أولئك إن تسألي كرام»
A mim-rhymed poem by Hassan ibn Thabit telling the Ansar's story: kings in their own land, their settlement at Yathrib and the conquest of the Jewish forts among the palms, then their welcome of the Prophet and their fighting for him; Ibn Hisham gives variant readings from Abu Zayd al-Ansari, and the 1936 editors mark here the end of the sira's eighteenth traditional part.
تصنیف
قصيدة حسان في الرد على الزبرقان «إن الذوائب من فهر وإخوتهم»
Hassan ibn Thabit's answer to al-Zibriqan ibn Badr in the Banu Tamim contest; Hassan relates that he was summoned while absent and composed lines on the way, then answered in the same vein. It praises Quraysh and the Ansar for the sunna they established, their generosity, the chastity Revelation mentions, and their valour. Ibn Hisham gives one verse in Abu Zayd's reading; the editors note the opening lines belong to a fourteen-verse qasida.
تصنیف
قصيدة حسان «هل المجد إلا السؤدد العود والندى» في الرد على الزبرقان
A mim-rhymed poem Ibn Hisham reports as Hassan's answer to al-Zibriqan's second verses: the Ansar's sheltering and defence of the Prophet, their sons and daughters placed before him, their fighting until people followed his religion, their kinship to Quraysh's greatest, then a rebuke to Banu Darim not to boast since they are the Ansar's dependants, and a call to embrace Islam.
تصنیف
حي بن يقظان
Ibn Tufayl's philosophical tale, printed; listed among his works alongside Asrar al-hikma al-mashriqiyya.
تصنیف
إحياء علوم الدين
Al-Ghazali's four-rub' masterpiece of forty books — worship, habit, the destroyers, the saviours — which al-Nawawi judged could replace all Islam's books; a Maghrebi denouncer of it famously repented after a dream, Ibn al-Jawzi collected its slips in Ilam al-Ahya', and al-Iraqi sifted its hadiths in 751.
تصنیف
اختلاف الحديث
Al-Shafi'i's Ikhtilaf al-Hadith — reconciling apparently contradictory reports.
تصنیف
اختلاف النحاة
Ikhtilaf al-Nuhat — the grammarians' differences, versions by Tha'lab (d. 291) and Ibn Faris (d. 395).
تصنیف
إعلام الأحياء بأغلاط الإحياء
Ibn al-Jawzi's collection of the Ihya''s errors, foreshadowed in Talbis Iblis.
تصنیف
إعلام الموقعين عن رب العالمين
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya's I'lam al-Muwaqqi'in 'an Rabb al-'Alamin — on the authority and limits of juristic signing in God's name.
تصنیف
إعلام الساجد بأحكام المساجد
Al-Zarkashi's I'lam al-Sajid — on the rulings of mosques.
تصنیف
الإعلام بمن ولي مصر في الإسلام
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani's al-I'lam bi-man Wala Misr — notices of Egypt's rulers in Islam.
تصنیف
إلجام العوام عن علم الكلام
Al-Ghazali's Iljam al-'Awam 'an 'Ilm al-Kalam — 'restraining the common folk from speculative theology'.
تصنیف
إمتاع الأسماع فيما للنبي من الحفدة والمتاع
Al-Maqrizi's Imta' al-Asma' — a precious six-volume work on the Prophet's descendants and household goods, which he lectured on in Mecca.
تصنیف
إنباء الغمر في أبناء العمر
Ibn Hajar's Inba' al-Ghumr — his annals of the events he lived from 773 onward, drawing on Ibn al-Furat, Ibn Duqmaq, Ibn Hiji, al-Maqrizi, al-Fasi, al-Aqfahsi and al-Ayni plus what he witnessed, intended as a continuation of al-Dhahabi's history.
تصنیف
إنباء الرواة على أبناء النحاة
Al-Qifti's Inbah al-Ruwat — the biographical history of the grammarians.
تصنیف
اقتضاء العلم العمل
Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi's Iqtida' al-'Ilm al-'Amal — on knowledge obligating action.
تصنیف
اقتضاء الصراط المستقيم مخالفة أصحاب الجحيم
Ibn Taymiyya's Iqtida' al-Sirat al-Mustaqim Mukhalafat Ashab al-Jahim.
تصنیف
إرشاد العقل السليم إلى مزايا القرآن الكريم
Abu al-Su'ud Afandi's tafsir — copied fair in a year, spread to every quarter, and hailed 'khatib al-mufassirin'; Hajji Khalifa judged no commentary after al-Kashshaf and 'the Qadi' (al-Baydawi) had reached its standing, and it drew the ta'liqas of Ahmad al-Rumi and Radi al-Din al-Maqdisi's presentation copy to the mufti As'ad b. Sa'd al-Din.
تصنیف
ارتشاف الضرب من لسان العرب
Abu Hayyan's Irtishaf al-Darab min Lisan al-Arab — a two-volume grammar anthology.
تصنیف
اسمي أحمر
Pamuk's historical novel of Ottoman miniaturists and a murder in the sultan's workshop — figural art at the centre of the mystery.
تصنیف
استسلام
Houellebecq's 2015 novel imagining France under a moderate Islamist party — a cultural flashpoint, indexed neutrally.
تصنیف
اتعاظ الحنفا بأخبار الفاطميين الخلفا
Al-Maqrizi's Itti'az al-Hunafa — 'admonition of the upright' on the Fatimid caliphs' history; the nisba is to Maqriz, a Baalbek district.
تصنیف
جامع الترمذي
The Jami' of Abu 'Isa Muhammad ibn 'Isa al-Tirmidhi (d. 279 AH): one of the six books, distinguished by grading each report (sahih, hasan, gharib) and noting the jurists' positions under every chapter; it closes with the Book of al-Shama'il al-Muhammadiyya on the Prophet's description.
تصنیف
جامع العلوم والحكم
Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali's (d. 795 AH) commentary on fifty hadiths: the twenty-six of Ibn al-Salah's 'al-Ahadith al-Kulliyya', which al-Nawawi brought to forty-two in his 'Arba'un', plus eight hadiths Ibn Rajab added himself to reach fifty, naming it Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam.
تصنیف
جنة الرضى في التسليم لما قدر الله وقضى
Abu Yahya ibn Asim's consolatory work on al-Andalus's loss — its famous thesis that the Christians took no whole land until they had first sown division among its kings and protectors.
تصنیف
جوهرة المدينة
Sherry Jones's novel about Aisha — Random House dropped it amid controversy before Beaufort published it; a case study in depicting the Prophet's household.
تصنیف
حديث كعب بن مالك في تخلفه عن تبوك
A long account Ibn Ishaq transmits from al-Zuhri by his chain to Ka'b ibn Malik, on his staying behind from the Tabuk campaign and what followed: the boycott of the three and the acceptance of their repentance.
تصنیف
قصيدة كعب بن مالك في يوم حنين ومسير الطائف
The ode by Ka'b ibn Malik al-Ansari commemorating the victory at Hunayn and the army's advance to besiege the fortress of Ta'if.
تصنیف
مرثية كعب بن مالك في شهداء مؤتة
Elegy by Ka'b ibn Malik al-Ansari praising the endurance and courage of the Mu'tah martyrs. Transmitted by Ibn Ishaq within the Mu'tah narrative.
تصنیف
جواب خالد بن سعيد على أخيه أبان
Verses Ibn Ishaq attributes to Khalid ibn Sa'id in reply to his brother Aban, describing his stance toward his brother and their dead father. The museum does not reproduce the verses.
تصنیف
كتاب صلاح الدين
Tariq Ali's Saladin novel narrated by an imagined Jewish-Muslim scribe — second of his 'Islam Quintet'.
تصنیف
مراثي لبيد بن ربيعة في أخيه أربد
Six pieces Ibn Ishaq gives as Labid's laments for his maternal brother Arbad ibn Qays after his death by lightning: a dal-rhymed poem, a mim-rhymed poem bidding him farewell by his kunya Abu Hurayz, a rajaz, a short piece on his virtues, a ra'-rhymed poem, and two verses on the kinsmen he had lost. Ibn Hisham marks certain verses as from Abu Ubayda or from other than Ibn Ishaq.
تصنیف
كتاب مسيلمة إلى النبي
A short letter from Musaylima ibn Habib to the Prophet at the end of 10 AH in which he calls himself the messenger of God, claims to have been made a partner in the matter, with half the earth his and half Quraysh's, though Quraysh transgress; the Prophet replied that the earth is God's to give to whom He wills, and the outcome is for the God-fearing.
تصنیف
كتاب النبي لمخلاف خارف وهمدان
A letter from the Messenger of God Muhammad to the district of Kharif and the people of the highland slopes and the sand dunes, with their envoy Dhu al-Mish'ar Malik ibn al-Namat and those of his people who became Muslim: the heights and lowlands of their land are theirs while they pray and pay zakat, to eat its acacia fruit and graze its pasture, under God's pact and the Messenger's protection, with the Muhajirun and Ansar as witnesses.
تصنیف
كتاب النبي إلى ملوك حمير
A letter the Prophet sent to al-Harith ibn Abd Kulal, Nu'aym ibn Abd Kulal and al-Nu'man, qayl of Dhu Ru'ayn, Ma'afir and Hamdan, in answer to their letter announcing their Islam: it records meeting their envoy at Medina on his return from the land of the Romans, sets out the Muslims' duties of prayer, zakat, the fifth of booty with the Prophet's share and safi, the sadaqa rates on crops, camels, cattle and sheep, and rules that a Jew or Christian who converts is a believer while one who keeps his faith is not turned from it and owes a jizya of one full dinar per adult or its value in cloth. A second part addresses Zur'a Dhu Yazan, commending the envoys under Mu'adh ibn Jabal and stating that sadaqa is unlawful for Muhammad and his household.
تصنیف
لباب الإحياء
Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Ghazali's abridgement of his brother's Ihya', named Lubab al-ihya'; the author died in 520.
تصنیف
لمعة الاعتقاد
A short statement of the creed of Ahl al-Sunna on the way of the early generations by the Hanbali Muwaffaq al-Din Ibn Qudama al-Maqdisi, running from God's attributes, speech and vision to belief in what the Prophet reported, the Companions, the caliphate and avoiding innovators.
تصنیف
لزوم ما لا يلزم
Al-Ma'arri's great diwan, the Luzumiyyat — 'the necessity of what is not obligatory' — in about five volumes.
تصنیف
المدخل إلى مذهب الإمام أحمد بن حنبل
Ibn Badran's book in an introduction and eight chapters introducing the Hanbali school: the Imam's creed, the reason the school was chosen, its principles, the path of his companions, its legal theory, its terminology, its famous books, and the divisions of jurisprudence among the Hanbalis.
تصنیف
قصيدة مالك بن النمط «ذكرت رسول الله في فحمة الدجى»
A dal-rhymed poem Malik ibn al-Namat al-Hamdani composed after the Prophet's letter to Hamdan: he remembered the Messenger of God in the blackness of night at the heights of Rahrahan and Saldad as the camels carried their riders along a clear road, and swore by the Lord of the camels pacing to Mina that the Messenger of God among them was believed, a messenger come guided from the Lord of the Throne; no camel ever bore on its saddle one harder on his enemies than Muhammad nor more generous when a seeker of favour came. Two rajaz chants said on arrival go with it.
تصنیف
قصيدة مالك بن عوف في مدح النبي بالجعرانة
The verses recited by Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri upon coming to the Prophet in submission at al-Ji'rana, after having his family and wealth restored and receiving one hundred camels.
تصنیف
مقالات الإسلاميين واختلاف المصلين
A book by Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari setting out the positions of the Muslim sects and the theologians, whose first volume closes with a report of the position of the hadith scholars and Ahl al-Sunna that he then says he holds.
تصنیف
مقامات الحريري
Al-Hariri's Maqamat, modelled on Badi' al-Zaman's, whose 21st (Raziyya) depicts Ibn Sam'un's preaching circle.
تصنیف
مقامات بديع الزمان
Badi' al-Zaman's famous maqamat, the form's origin, which al-Hariri followed.
تصنیف
معرفة الصحابة لأبي نعيم
Abu Nu'aym al-Isbahani's Companion biographies — one of the four books exhausted by Ibn al-Athir in Usd al-Ghaba under siglum (ع).
تصنیف
معرفة الصحابة لابن منده
Ibn Manda's Companion biographies — the first of the four foundational works on the Sahaba, continued by Abu Musa al-Madini and exhausted by Ibn al-Athir under siglum (د).
تصنیف
رسالة أبي الحسن المريني إلى الملك الصالح إسماعيل
The letter in which Amir al-Mu'minin Abu al-Hasan al-Marini, 'sultan of the two shores, guardian of both banks,' addressed al-Malik al-Salih Isma'il son of al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun — reaching Egypt in mid-Shawwal 745 — with the full chancery titulature and the praise of al-Nasir as 'raiser of the banner of victory over Armenians, Franks and Tatars'.
تصنیف
مصابيح السنة
Al-Baghawi's hadith collection, among his useful works listed with Ma'alim al-Tanzil and Sharh al-Sunna.
تصنیف
مسالك الأبصار في ممالك الأمصار
Ibn Fadl Allah al-Umari's geographical encyclopedia: a first section on the earth — its measure, climes, seas, qibla, roads and the kingdoms of its cities — and a second on its inhabitants: nations, faiths, devotees, and the dynasties before and under Islam.
تصنیف
مصارع العشاق
Ibn al-Nahhas's celebrated jihad compendium — whose author prayed in its opening saj'a for martyrdom's highest rank, then fell fighting the Frankish raid on Damietta.
تصنیف
موسوعة أعلام العلماء والأدباء العرب والمسلمين
An institutional encyclopedia in eight volumes of alphabetically arranged biographies of Arab and Muslim scholars and writers — an ALECSO project — recording for each figure his lineage, upbringing, achievements and works, with indexes and sources.
تصنیف
المنارة
Aboulela's novel of a Sudanese diplomat's daughter turned London servant who finds Islam seriously in exile.
تصنیف
مدن الملح
Abdul Rahman Munif's five-volume epic on oil and the transformation of Arabia — among the greatest Arabic novels, banned in several countries.
تصنیف
مختصر الخرقي
The most famous base text of the Hanbali school among its early and middle generations, a concise work on jurisprudence composed by al-Kharaqi; Abu Ishaq al-Barmaki counted its questions at two thousand three hundred.
تصنیف
موسم الهجرة إلى الشمال
Tayeb Salih's novel of Mustafa Sa'eed, returned from London to a Nile village — the most translated Arabic novel and a classic on East-West tension.
تصنیف
الموطأ
The Muwatta of Imam Malik ibn Anas (d. 179 AH): one of the earliest hadith and jurisprudence works arranged by chapter, compiled in Medina. Its most widely read transmission is the recension of Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi.
تصنیف
نهج البلاغة
The selected speeches and sayings of 'Ali b. Abi Talib — whose compiler Sunni scholars disputed: some saying al-Sharif al-Radi, some al-Sharif al-Murtada, and some that the compiler himself composed what he attributed to 'Ali.
تصنیف
نسب قريش
Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar's Nasab Quraysh — the genealogies of Quraysh, with Muwarrij al-Sadusi's epitome.
تصنیف
نساء حول الرسول: تراجم وقصص
A single-volume collection of biographies and stories covering the Prophet's mothers (Amina, Halima, Umm Ayman, Fatima bint Asad), his thirteen wives and Maria al-Qibtiyya, twenty-five female Companions, his four daughters and three granddaughters, in a simple narrative style; compiled by Muhammad Ali al-Qutb, Muhammad Umar al-Da'uq and Ahmad Abd al-Jawad al-Dumi.
تصنیف
نور الاقتباس في مشكاة وصية النبي لابن عباس
A standalone treatise by Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali devoted to the commentary of Ibn Abbas's hadith 'O boy, I shall teach you words: guard God and He will guard you...', the nineteenth of al-Nawawi's Forty; in the Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam Ibn Rajab says the hadith comprises great counsels and universal maxims among the religion's most important matters and that he 'devoted a large separate portion to its commentary' — the printed book bearing this title.
تصنیف
نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق
A twelfth-century geography written by al-Idrisi for Roger II of Sicily. It describes the seven climates, their cities, roads, seas, peoples, crafts and trade, and comes with a world map engraved on a silver disc. The author says he finished it in Shawwal 548 AH.
تصنیف
خطبة النبي للأنصار بالجعرانة
The renowned, moving address delivered by the Prophet exclusively to the Ansar in the enclosure at al-Ji'rana after the division of Hunayn's spoils, moving them to tears.
تصنیف
أخبار قضاة مصر
Al-Kindi's Akhbar Qudat Misr — the first collection of Egypt's judges to AH 246, continued by Ibn Zulaq to Rajab 386 and crowned by Ibn Hajar's Raf' al-Isr.
تصنیف
أخبار قضاة قرطبة
Ibn Bashkuwal's Akhbar Qudat Qurtuba — biographies of Cordoba's judges.
تصنیف
القرآن
The scripture of Islam, which Muslims believe was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad; 114 suras and 6,236 verses in the Hafs reading as given by the Tanzil text.
تصنیف
رفع الإصر عن قضاة مصر
Ibn Hajar's Raf' al-Isr 'an Qudat Misr — 'lifting the burden': his large-volume continuation of Egypt's judges, itself epitomised in the Nujum al-Zahira.
تصنیف
رجال في الشمس
Ghassan Kanafani's novella of three Palestinians smuggled to Kuwait inside a water tank — an icon of Palestinian fiction.
تصنیف
رسالة الغفران
Al-Ma'arri's celebrated epistle of the poet's journey to the hereafter and his meetings with the great poets and grammarians.
تصنیف
رسالة الشقندي في تفضيل الأندلس على بر العدوة
al-Shaqundi's celebrated epistle ranking al-Andalus above the farther shore — one of the most famous pieces of Andalusi pride literature, quoted by al-Maqqari throughout Nafh al-Tib on Cordoba, Seville, Granada and the country's scholars.
تصنیف
صحيح البخاري
The Jami' al-Musnad al-Sahih of Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari (d. 256 AH): the best-known chapter-arranged hadith collection, distilled from the hundreds of thousands of reports its author gathered on his journeys, with the chapter headings themselves taught as lessons in jurisprudence.
تصنیف
صحيح مسلم
The Musnad al-Sahih of Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Naysaburi (d. 261 AH): the second most celebrated hadith collection, famed for gathering the variant transmissions of each report in one place and for its introductory essay that became a founding text of hadith method.
تصنیف
أبيات سعيد بن العاص إلى ابنه عمرو
Two verses Ibn Ishaq attributes to Sa'id ibn al-As Abu Uhayha addressing his son Amr ibn Sa'id, asking how his son will fare when his strength matures. The museum does not reproduce the verses.
تصنیف
ساق البامبو
Saud Alsanousi's IPAF winner about a half-Kuwaiti, half-Filipino youth negotiating faith, class and belonging.
تصنیف
شرح الطحاوية في العقيدة السلفية
A long commentary on the Tahawi creed by Ibn Abi al-Izz al-Hanafi that, at each article, reports the positions of the sects and schools and discusses them.
تصنیف
صفة جزيرة العرب
Al-Hamdani's Sifat Jazirat al-Arab — the peninsula's dimensions, boundaries, climes, saraya, waters, tribal homelands, fortresses and shrines, opened by a treatise on Arabia's place in the inhabited earth and its virtue.
تصنیف
سيرة ابن إسحاق برواية ابن هشام
The earliest surviving continuous biography of the Prophet; composed by Muhammad ibn Ishaq (d. 151 AH) and abridged/recast by Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham (d. 213 or 218 AH) — the text known as Ibn Hisham's Sira.
تصنیف
سنن أبي داود
The Sunan of Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn al-Ash'ath al-Sijistani (202–275 AH): one of the six books, arranged by legal chapter and restricted to reports bearing on rulings; his letter to the people of Mecca, prefixed to the work, explains what he included and omitted.
تصنیف
سنن النسائي
The Sunan al-Sughra of Ahmad ibn Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i (215–303 AH): one of the six books, famed for its attention to hidden defects and transmitters' errors — said to be the subtlest of them in that regard — distilled by its author from his larger Sunan.
تصنیف
سنن ابن ماجه
The Sunan of Ibn Majah Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Qazwini (d. 273 AH): counted sixth of the six books by later scholars, noted for its renunciation and tribulation material and for reports absent from the two Sahihs; the standard print is Muhammad Fu'ad Abd al-Baqi's (Cairo, 1952–1953).
تصنیف
طبقات الفقهاء
Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi's biographical dictionary of jurists by generations, focusing on the Shafi'i school and on the transmission of teaching within it.
تصنیف
تهافت الفلاسفة
Al-Ghazali's printed critique of the philosophers, listed among his works with the Ihya', Iqtisad, Maqasid and Munqidh; Ibn Rushd answered it a century later with Tahafut al-tahafut.
تصنیف
تهافت التهافت
Ibn Rushd's printed refutation of al-Ghazali's Tahafut, one of the fifty or so works he composed.
تصنیف
التكملة لكتاب الصلة
Ibn al-Abbar's great biographical dictionary of al-Andalus's scholars, poets and viziers — al-Maqqari's principal quarry in Nafh al-Tib, cited for al-Rushati, Ibn Khafaja, al-Kila'i and the chronicle of the cities' fall.
تصنیف
تاريخ الرسل والملوك
A universal chronicle arranged by Hijri year, from the creation to 302 AH, by Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 310 AH). It opens with the prophets and earlier peoples and Persian kings, then follows the caliphate, the conquests and the civil strife year by year.
تصنیف
تاريخ مدينة دمشق
Ibn 'Asakir's great history of Damascus — eight hundred parts in eighty volumes.
تصنیف
ثلج
Orhan Pamuk's novel of a poet exiled to Kars, caught between Islamists, secularists and the 'headscarf girls'.
تصنیف
أم البراهين في العقائد
Al-Sanusi's Umm al-Barahin — 'the mother of proofs', the compact creed of tawhid ending with the two words of testimony, with the author's own short commentary.
تصنیف
أنموذج العلوم في مئة مسألة من مئة فنون
Al-Fanari's hundred-questions-in-a-hundred-sciences riddle treatise, written — his son tells — to test Qaraman's scholars who denied his merit; none could even name the sciences, let alone solve the questions, until the son Muhammad Shah explained it in 824.
تصنیف
أخبار عقلاء المجانين
Abu al-Azhar Muhammad ibn Zayd al-Nahwi's Akhbar 'Uqala' al-Majanin — tales of the wise fools.
تصنیف
أُسد الغابة في معرفة الصحابة
Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari's compendium of Companion names — 'a precious and exhaustive work' drawing on the four earlier books of Companions (Ibn Manda, Abu Nu'aym, Abu Musa's continuation, and Ibn Abd al-Barr), marking each entry with a siglum for its source.
تصنیف
أصول أقليدس
Euclid's Elements in Arabic reception: al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf's two translations (the Haruni and the Ma'muni, on which reliance is placed), Hunayn ibn Ishaq's version, Thabit ibn Qurra's revision, Ibn al-Haytham's doubts and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's Tahrir.
تصنیف
وفيات الأعيان وأنباء أبناء الزمان
Ibn Khallikan's dictionary of notable deaths — 'a precious book on the deaths of the notables'.
تصنیف
قصيدة الزبرقان بن بدر في الفخر بقومه بين يدي النبي
The boast al-Zibriqan ibn Badr declaimed in the Banu Tamim delegation's contest at the Prophet's mosque in 9 AH: we are the noble, ours are the kings, we feed in drought and win every boast. Hassan ibn Thabit answered it. Ibn Hisham records two variant readings he heard from men of Tamim.
تصنیف
أبيات تُروى للزبرقان بن بدر «أتيناك كيما يعلم الناس فضلنا»
Four mim-rhymed verses that Ibn Hisham reports from Tamimi men of letters as al-Zibriqan's when he came in the delegation: the foremost of men, none in the Hijaz like Darim, repelling marked warriors, the chief's quarter of every raid. Hassan answered on the same rhyme. The attribution rests on Ibn Hisham, not Ibn Ishaq.
تصنیف
ظل شجرة الرمان
Tariq Ali's first Islam Quintet novel — an Andalusi family after Granada's fall, as the books are burned.

أحرف الجمل على أسماء ملوك مدين

الأحرف السبعة

الحديث النبوي

الشمائل المحمدية

السيرة النبوية

التنحْمير — بقايا اللسان الحميري

أقسام التأليف السبعة

الطب العربي في المدارس الأوروبية

عرق الفيل

تسمية العرب لأبنائهم على أسماء النبات

أسماء الأيام والشهور في الجاهلية

الأطمة

أيام العجوز

الأيام النحسات

أيام التشريق

درفش كاوان

الحديث القدسي

الإسناد

الكتب الستة

قول العرب في ليالي الشهور القمرية

مقياس النيل

علم مصطلح الحديث

القومية العثمانية الإسلامية والقومية التركية الطورانية

القيافة

مسألة ترجمة القرآن الكريم وإقامة الصلاة بالترجمة

شهور الفرس

تقسيم العلوم عند حاجي خليفة

آطام يثرب

الزجر والعيافة

دار العلم بالقاهرة

قدوم وفد بني تميم ومفاخرتهم النبي

خطبة عرفة الجامعة

الخطبة الأخيرة على المنبر

كتاب مسيلمة إلى النبي والجواب عنه

خطبة يوم النحر بمنى

توحيد المصحف في خلافة عثمان

الحديث النبوي: من السماع إلى الصحيح

الكتاب النبوي لتميم الداري

المصحف العثماني بقرطبة

سورة الفاتحة

سورة يونس

سورة العاديات

سورة القارعة

سورة التكاثر

سورة العصر

سورة الهمزة

سورة الفيل

سورة قريش

سورة الماعون

سورة الكوثر

سورة الكافرون

سورة هود

سورة النصر

سورة المسد

سورة الإخلاص

سورة الفلق

سورة الناس

سورة يوسف

سورة الرعد

سورة إبراهيم

سورة الحجر

سورة النحل

سورة الإسراء

سورة الكهف

سورة مريم

سورة البقرة

سورة طه

سورة الأنبياء

سورة الحج

سورة المؤمنون

سورة النور

سورة الفرقان

سورة الشعراء

سورة النمل

سورة القصص

سورة العنكبوت

سورة آل عمران

سورة الروم

سورة لقمان

سورة السجدة