Hilya (jewellery and its ruling)

الحُلي

Hilya lexically is ornament made of worked metals or precious stones. ¹ A man may not wear gold ornaments in any form, except for need, as an artificial nose or tooth, which the majority allow; the Malikis and Hanbalis allow gold on a sword's hilt, while the Hanafis and Shafiis forbid gold on weapons. ² A man may wear a silver ring; the Malikis limit its weight to two lawful dirhams, and the Hanbalis have three opinions on other silver ornaments. ³ The jurists agree that women may wear gold and silver ornaments so long as they are not extravagant or imitate men; all three schools forbid a woman to decorate weapons with gold or silver as an imitation of men. ^{3 4} Gilding with gold or silver is allowed to men by the Hanafis, Malikis and the sounder Shafii view if no metal is recovered by fire; the Hanbalis forbid it on vessels. ⁴ The three imams allow men gems; the Shafiis and some Hanbalis dislike it for men as women's dress or extravagance. ⁴ The jurists agree that iron, brass and tin rings are disliked for men and women; al-Nawawi holds that they are not. ^{5 6} Zakat is due on ornaments kept for forbidden use and hoarded ones; for ornaments worn lawfully the Malikis, Hanbalis and the old Shafii view exempt them, while the Hanafis and the new Shafii view require zakat, citing reports from Aisha, Ibn Umar, Asma and others. ^{6 7} Breakage changes the zakat position, hiring ornaments is allowed by the Shafiis and Hanbalis, and they also accept an endowment of ornaments, which the Hanafis refuse. ^{7 8} The entry closes at the next headword, hima (حمى), on p.7283.