The dying person (ihtidar)

احتضار

Ihtidar is the presence of death; the dying person is one in the throes of death, whose signs include slackening of the feet, bending of the nose and sinking of the temples. 1 Among the right instructions for the dying is to tell the family to follow the sunna in preparing and burying the body and to avoid innovations. 2 The jurists differ on reciting the Qur'an beside the dying: al-Nawawi recommends it, while the Malikis dislike any recitation at death, after it, or at graves. 3 4

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Era
The Prophetic Era
Region
Global / Diaspora
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Development of law, theology and institutions

Summary

Ihtidar is the presence of death; the dying person is one in the throes of death, whose signs include slackening of the feet, bending of the nose and sinking of the temples. 1 Among the right instructions for the dying is to tell the family to follow the sunna in preparing and burying the body and to avoid innovations. 2 The jurists differ on reciting the Qur'an beside the dying: al-Nawawi recommends it, while the Malikis dislike any recitation at death, after it, or at graves. 3 4

People and things also explored

Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)· Justice and uprightness (adl)· Contagion (adwa)· Pardon (afw) in purity, worship, contracts and penalties· Covenant (ahd) and the duty to keep it; oath by the covenant of God· Term, deadline (ajal)· Hired worker (ajir)· Stranger, outsider (ajnabi)

Sources

  1. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.1726
  2. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.1727
  3. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.1728
  4. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.1729
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The dying person (ihtidar)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/ihtidar/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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Related

Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)

In the lexicon, add is gripping a thing with the teeth and holding it. If a person bites another without right and a wound results, the biter must pay the damages for the wound, assessed as a just award by experts. If one man bites another's hand and the bitten man pulls it free so that the biter's front teeth fall out, most jurists hold that there is no liability, relying on a prophetic judgement in such a case; the Shafi'is limit this to a bitten man who chose the easiest means of release, and the preferred Maliki view requires compensation.