Nutq (speech)

النُّطْق

Nutq, in the lexicon, is speech; logic (mantiq) and expression (ibara) are related words, and expression is narrower. ¹ Speaking the two testimonies is required of one able to do so, since it is what gives a person the rights of a Muslim in worldly rulings; one who believes in the heart but is able and does not speak is not treated as a Muslim by agreement, though jurists differ on his standing before God. ¹ ² Speech is a condition for the validity of contracts and releases such as marriage, sale and divorce, and a sign may stand for speech in the case of one unable to speak. ² If an injury destroys speech entirely, the full blood-money is due; partial loss is dealt with separately. ²

Depth

At a glance

Era: The Prophetic Era
Region: Global / Diaspora
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Ethics and character

Summary

Nutq, in the lexicon, is speech. Mantiq is a related word, and ibara (expression) is narrower than nutq. ¹

Rulings on speech

Faith: speaking the two testimonies is required of one able to do so; one who believes and dies before being able to speak is a believer by agreement. ¹ ² Transactions: speech is a condition for contracts such as marriage, sale and pledge, and for releases such as divorce and annulment; a sign stands in for speech when a person is unable to speak. ² Loss of speech: where an injury to the tongue or head destroys speech entirely, the full blood-money is due; partial loss is treated under blood-money. ²

People and things also explored

Ada' al-dayn (paying a debt: its ruling, the manner of payment, insolvency and the debts of the dead)· Ada' al-shahada (performing testimony: the duty on request, the excused witness, and the wording)· Manners of the Qur'an bearer· Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)· Adha (harm of a slight kind: removing harmful things and the duty not to harm)· Justice and grace (adl wal-fadl)· Pardon (afw) in purity, worship, contracts and penalties· Covenant (ahd) and the duty to keep it; oath by the covenant of God

Sources

al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.15759
al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.15760

Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Nutq (speech)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/nutq/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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Wing

Ideas

Beliefs, concepts, sciences and schools, explained in plain words. Related

Ada' al-dayn (paying a debt: its ruling, the manner of payment, insolvency and the debts of the dead)

Paying a debt in the form owed is obligatory by consensus. A debt due now must be paid on demand when the debtor can pay; a deferred debt is not due before its term. Payment is made in like items, with value owed where there is no like; a better payment is allowed when unconditioned. Remission, gift, assignment, set-off and settlement take the place of payment. A solvent debtor who refuses is compelled, imprisoned and his apparent property sold; the majority hold that a bankrupt is put under interdiction and his property divided among creditors, against Abu Hanifa. The insolvent is given respite, and his debt may be paid from zakat if he borrowed for himself in a lawful matter. A dead person's debt attaches to his estate and takes precedence over bequests and inheritance.