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Qiyas

القياس

Qiyas in usul usage is extending a root case's ruling to a branch case for a shared cause; al-Shafi'i counts it in the Risala among the proofs alongside the Book, the Sunna and ijma' 1.

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Development of law, theology and institutions

Overview

Qiyas in usul usage is extending a root case's ruling to a branch case for a shared cause; al-Shafi'i counts it among the proofs with the Book, the Sunna and ijma' 1.

In the sources

Al-Shafi'i devotes chapters of the Risala to qiyas, defining it and its conditions, and holding that knowledge proceeds by the Book, the Sunna, ijma' and qiyas 1.

People and things also explored

Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)· Justice and uprightness (adl)· Contagion (adwa)· Pardon (afw) in purity, worship, contracts and penalties· Covenant (ahd) and the duty to keep it; oath by the covenant of God· Term, deadline (ajal)· Hired worker (ajir)· Stranger, outsider (ajnabi)

Sources

  1. Al-Shafi'i, al-Risala
  • al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3)
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Qiyas”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/qiyas/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-22.

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Ideas

Beliefs, concepts, sciences and schools, explained in plain words. Related

Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)

In the lexicon, add is gripping a thing with the teeth and holding it. If a person bites another without right and a wound results, the biter must pay the damages for the wound, assessed as a just award by experts. If one man bites another's hand and the bitten man pulls it free so that the biter's front teeth fall out, most jurists hold that there is no liability, relying on a prophetic judgement in such a case; the Shafi'is limit this to a bitten man who chose the easiest means of release, and the preferred Maliki view requires compensation.