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Rabi'a (the sentinel posted on a height to watch the enemy): his share in jihad, retaliation and banditry

الربيئة

A rabi'a is the lookout of a people, posted on a height to watch the enemy so the people are not surprised. 1 2 He is distinguished from the spy, the garrisoned fighter, the guard and the ambusher on the road. 2 In jihad he is one of the people and has a share of the booty like the fighters. 2 In retaliation for killing most jurists do not punish him if he did not do the killing, while the Malikis do if he colluded. 2 3 In banditry he is treated as a direct perpetrator by the Malikis, Hanafis and Hanbalis, while the Shafi'is hold no hadd penalty on one who only helped. 3

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Prophetic Era
Region
Global / Diaspora
Review
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Law and courts

Summary

A rabi'a is the lookout of a people, posted on a height to watch the enemy so the people are not surprised. 1 2 He is distinguished from the spy, the garrisoned fighter, the guard and the ambusher on the road. 2 In jihad he is one of the people and has a share of the booty like the fighters. 2 In retaliation for killing most jurists do not punish him if he did not do the killing, while the Malikis do if he colluded. 2 3 In banditry he is treated as a direct perpetrator by the Malikis, Hanafis and Hanbalis, while the Shafi'is hold no hadd penalty on one who only helped. 3

People and things also explored

Ahliyya (legal capacity: to have rights and duties, and to act; its stages from the womb to full maturity, and what impairs it)· Democracy and the Sharia — compatibility and conflict· Fatwa on the satellite channels — its benefit and harm· Secularism and Islam — conflict or concord· Stoning (rajm) as a penalty for zina· Allusion to a proposal during the waiting period· Aman (safe-conduct granted to enemies in war)· Amana (trust, deposit and what is entrusted)

Sources

  1. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.8614
  2. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.8615
  3. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.8616
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Rabi'a (the sentinel posted on a height to watch the enemy): his share in jihad, retaliation and banditry”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/rabi-a-fiqh/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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Ideas

Beliefs, concepts, sciences and schools, explained in plain words. Related

Ahliyya (legal capacity: to have rights and duties, and to act; its stages from the womb to full maturity, and what impairs it)

Ahliyya is lexically suitability, and it is of two kinds: capacity to have rights and duties, the capacity of liability; and capacity to act, that is to perform acts recognised by the law. Its bearer passes through the stages of the foetus, childhood, discernment, puberty and maturity. Liability is complete from birth and incomplete for the foetus; the capacity to act is partial at discernment and full with puberty and reason. It is affected by heavenly impediments such as madness, imbecility, sleep, fainting, illness, slavery, menstruation, childbirth and death, and by acquired ones such as ignorance, drunkenness, jest, folly, travel, error and coercion.