Renewal (tajdid) in Islamic thought

'Abbas Shuman presents renewal as a necessity of the Shari'a — people's needs cannot be met without it; the certain rulings are few, while in the ijtihadic branches fatwa shifts with time, place and circumstance, citing al-Qarafi on the consideration of custom ¹. Renewal belongs only to the qualified, disinterested in passion and gain; it is rejected when used to stir chaos or serve a political or sectarian affiliation. He cites the hadith of religion's renewal at each century's head, noting it does not confine renewal to that.