Battle of al-Firad (12 AH)

وقعة الفراض

633 CE · 12 AH

The Jazira

Al-Firad, at the meeting-point of Syria, Iraq and the Jazira: Khalid broke his Ramadan fast there for unbroken campaigning, faced a coalition of Byzantines, Persian border-troops and the Arab tribes Taghlib, Iyad and al-Namir, let them cross below his position — 'cross over', he told them — then annihilated them, a hundred thousand said to be killed in the fight and pursuit, and held the field ten days. From al-Firad he slipped away in secret on Hajj, letting his rear-guard commander impersonate him; Abu Bakr learned of it only on his return and reproached him. The 'Iraqis of 'Ali's day would say 'we are the men of Dhat al-Salasil' and name everything between it and al-Firad, contemptuous of whatever came after 1.

Depth

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In time

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The Prophetic Era · The Rashidun Caliphate

Summary

Al-Firad lies on the frontiers of Syria, Iraq and al-Jazira. There in 12 AH Khalid ibn al-Walid (may God be pleased with him) met a host of Byzantines, Persian frontier garrisons, and the tribes of Taghlib, Iyad and al-Nimr. They offered him the choice of crossing, and he said, "Cross below us." They crossed and fought a great battle in which the Byzantines and those with them were routed. Khalid ordered the Muslims not to ease the pursuit; a hundred thousand were killed in the battle and the pursuit, according to reports. He remained there ten days, then returned to al-Hira five days before the end of Dhu al-Qa'da. He left it secretly on the pilgrimage and had his head shaved together with the commander of the rear guard. Abu Bakr did not learn of it until after his return, and then rebuked him. In the time of Ali the people of Iraq took pride in it, saying, "We are the people of Dhat al-Salasil," and they would name the stretch between it and al-Firad, without mentioning what came after. 1.

Connections

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Occurred at
The Jazira
Had participant
Khalid ibn al-Walid

People and things also explored

The Conquest of the Jazira· the Khalid shrine outside Homs· Abu Bakr's Sortie to Naq' and Khalid's Command· Ali ibn Abi Talib's expeditions to Yemen (twice)· Ali sent to Banu Jadhima to correct Khalid's error· War between al-Ashraf's and Jalal al-Din's armies· The Battle of Ajnadayn· The Battle of Buzakha

Sources

  1. al-Kamil fi'l-Tarikh of Ibn al-Athir , p. 245-246
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Battle of al-Firad (12 AH)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/battle-of-al-firad/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-21.

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Related

The Conquest of the Jazira

In al-Baladhuri through the Raqqa judge Dawud ibn Abd al-Hamid's family from Maymun ibn Mihran: 'the whole Jazira is Iyad ibn Ghanm's conquest, after Abu Ubayda's death — Umar appointed him to it, Abu Ubayda having left him over Syria; Umar gave Syria to Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan then Mu'awiya after him and ordered Iyad to raid the Jazira'; Sulayman ibn Ata says Abu Ubayda dispatched him to the Jazira and died while he was there, Umar then confirming him; al-Waqidi's report — the soundest they had on him — is that Abu Ubayda died in the Amwas plague of year 18 having appointed Iyad, and Umar's letter reached him giving him Hims, Qinnasrin and the Jazira, so he marched for the Jazira on Thursday the middle of Sha'ban year 18 in five thousand, Maysara ibn Masruq al-Absi on the vanguard, Sa'id ibn Amir ibn Hudhaym al-Jumahi on the right wing and Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal al-Sulami on the left — some say Khalid ibn al-Walid held his left wing, some that Khalid marched under no banner after Abu Ubayda, staying at Hims till his death in year 21, or dying at Medina.