Adib Peshawari

He was born in or near Peshawar, into a family of Sufi nobility descended, the articles say, from Umar Suhrawardi ¹. His father and several relatives were killed fighting in the Anglo-Persian War, and the orphaned boy left for Kabul and then Ghazni to study ¹. The Persian article fills out the itinerary: Herat, Turbat-i Jam, then Mashhad, where he studied philosophy and the rational sciences, and finally Sabzevar, where he attended the lectures of Molla Hadi Sabzevari ².

He moved to Iran in 1877 and, in 1921, settled in Tehran at the suggestion of the foreign minister Saeed Khan Garmroudi ¹. He never married, remained in Tehran until his death on 30 June 1930, and was buried at Ray ¹.

His poetic collection, published three years after his death, consists mainly of ghazals and qasidas, with 370 Arabic and 4,200 Persian verses counted by the English article within a corpus of about 20,000 couplets ¹. His long mathnavi Qaysarnama honoured Kaiser Wilhelm II and praised Germany's part in the First World War; the Persian article calls him one of the most important pro-German Iranian thinkers of that war ^{2 1}.

His father's death at British hands left him with an intense hostility to British policy, and in his verse he likened the United Kingdom to an "old fox", an "ominous raven" and a "venomous viper" — the "old fox" epithet is still used in Iran ¹. Though of an older generation of poets, he supported fresh social and political perspectives and so contributed to the nationalistic turn in Persian poetry ¹.

The Persian article states that he was a follower of the Suhrawardi Sufi order ², and the English article independently calls him a Sufi scholar ¹; the museum's data record therefore records him as Sufi on those two texts. Wikidata's structured religion statement gives Twelver Shiism ³, but structured data is not a text and no fetched text attests a Shia identity for the man himself, so no Shia segment is recorded.

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