Hussein Kamel of Egypt

Hussein Kamel (21 November 1853 – 9 October 1917) was Sultan of Egypt from 19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917, during the British protectorate. The second son of Khedive Isma'il, he was declared sultan after the British deposed his nephew, Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, ending Egypt's nominal Ottoman sovereignty; he was the first man to hold the title Sultan of Egypt since Tuman Bay II in 1517. ^{1 2}

Before 1914 he had held office in Egypt: the Arabic article records his tenure at the ministry of public works, where he built the Cairo–Helwan railway, then at the ministry of finance, and the presidency of the Legislative Council (1909–1910 in the English article's succession boxes). ^{2 1}

He was declared Sultan of Egypt on 19 December 1914, after the occupying British forces had deposed Abbas Hilmi II on 5 November 1914. The new sultanate was presented as a restoration of the pre-Ottoman Egyptian sultanate, but it was a British protectorate, with effective political and military power in British hands. In 1915 he survived two assassination attempts: a shot fired at his carriage in Cairo on 8 April, and a bomb thrown at his carriage on 9 July as he travelled to a mosque for Friday prayers. ^{1 3}

He died in Cairo on 9 October 1917 and was buried at the Al-Rifai Mosque in Cairo. His only son, Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein, declined the succession, and his brother Ahmed Fuad ascended the throne as Fuad I. ^{1 2}