Shaukat Ali

He was born in 1873 into a wealthy family with roots in Najibabad, in what is today Uttar Pradesh ¹; the Urdu biography gives his birth at Rampur on 10 March 1873 ². He was educated at Aligarh Muslim University, where he captained the cricket team, and served in the civil service of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh for seventeen years ¹. The Urdu biography adds that he resigned from government service in 1913 for the cause of freedom and founded the Anjuman Khuddam-i-Kaaba ².

He helped his younger brother Mohammad Ali Jauhar publish the Urdu weekly Hamdard and the English weekly Comrade ¹. In 1919, while jailed for publishing material the British charged as seditious, he was elected the last president of the Khilafat Conference; he was rearrested and imprisoned from 1921 to 1923 for his support of Gandhi and the Indian National Congress during the Non-Cooperation Movement, and his admirers accorded him and his brother the title of Maulana ¹. Though known as an advocate of non-violence, he also supplied guns to Indian revolutionaries such as Sachindra Nath Sanyal ¹.

He opposed the 1928 Nehru Report and demanded separate electorates for Muslims; he attended the first and second Round Table Conferences in London in 1930–31, and after his brother's death in 1931 he organised the World Muslim Conference in Jerusalem ¹. In 1936 he joined the All-India Muslim League and became a close ally and campaigner for Muhammad Ali Jinnah; he served as a member of the Central Assembly from 1934 to 1938 and travelled across the Middle East building support for India's Muslims ¹.

The articles present a Muslim political leader: the English article calls him an Indian Muslim member of the Khilafat Movement ¹, the Arabic stub calls him an Indian Muslim leader ³, and Wikidata gives his religion as Islam only ⁴. No source read names a legal school, order or branch for him, and the museum's data record says so.

He died on 26 November 1938 at Karol Bagh in Delhi and was buried near the Jama Masjid ¹. Pakistan Post issued a commemorative stamp in his honour in 1995 in its Pioneers of Freedom series, and roads in Mumbai, Lahore and Rampur carry his name ¹.

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