Süleyman Hüsnü Pasha

Süleyman Hüsnü Pasha (1838 – 8 August 1892) was an Ottoman field marshal from Istanbul, chief commander of Ottoman operations in the Balkans in the opening of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. Popularly hailed as the Hero of Shipka Pass, he was afterwards tried, sentenced to death, reprieved to exile, and died at Baghdad after fourteen years there. He was also a teacher and writer, among the first scholarly Turkists. ^{1 2}

Both articles date his death 8 August 1892; Wikidata's value of 11 August is not followed in this record. ³

Born in Istanbul's Molla Gürani quarter, the son of a Janissary Ağa, Süleyman Hüsnü graduated from the military college in 1863, served in Yeni Pazar, Herzegovina and Shkodër, and rose through the Crete rebellion years to divisional command. As commander of the military schools he played a part in the deposition of Sultan Abdulaziz in 1876. In October 1877 he took over the Danube command from Mehmed Ali Pasha and fought the Shipka Pass battles of the Russo-Turkish War. ^{1 2}

Held responsible for the defeat, he was imprisoned at Taşkışla, tried for a year, sentenced to death and stripped of his ranks; Abdul Hamid II commuted the sentence to exile. He lived fourteen years at Baghdad and died there on 8 August 1892; he was buried in the garden of the Imam Abu Yusuf Mosque. ²

A Turkist writer, he argued that the translated history textbooks used in the military schools were alien to Islam and to national identity, and answered them with his own Tarih-i Âlem, a world history. His works include İlm-i Sarf-ı Türki, the first Turkish grammar, and the catechism İlmihal-i Kebir. ²

No consulted source names a religion or school for Süleyman Hüsnü Pasha personally: neither article carries a religion field, and Wikidata records no religion value for him. His catechism and his work as a religious scholar are his writings and career, not an attestation of a school, so his faith is recorded as unknown in the museum's data. ^{2 3}

• The defined source entities cited above, recorded in data/source/.
• Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact.