At a glance
Summary
In al-Kifaya, al-Khatib al-Baghdadi devotes a chapter to "strictness in legal hadith and leniency in virtuous deeds". 1 He opens it by saying that several of the early scholars held that hadiths concerning what is lawful and unlawful may be carried only from someone free of accusation and far from suspicion, whereas hadiths of encouragement, admonition and the like may be written from shaykhs generally. 1
The early scholars' sayings in the chapter
- Sufyan al-Thawri: do not take this knowledge on the lawful and unlawful except from leaders known for learning, who recognise additions and omissions; there is no harm in other shaykhs for the rest. 2
- Sufyan ibn Uyayna: do not hear from Baqiyya what concerns a sunna, but hear from him what concerns reward and the like. 2
- Ahmad ibn Hanbal: "When we narrate from the Messenger of God ﷺ on the lawful and unlawful, sunnas and rulings, we are strict about the chains; when we narrate from the Prophet on virtuous deeds and what neither sets nor lifts a ruling, we are lenient about the chains." 2 In al-Maymuni's report from him: heart-softening hadiths may be treated leniently until something containing a ruling comes. 2
- Abu Zakariyya al-Anbari: when a report neither forbids the lawful, nor permits the forbidden, nor establishes a ruling, but concerns encouragement, warning, strictness or concession, it should be passed over lightly and its transmitters treated leniently. 2
What precedes the chapter
Just before it, in the chapter on choosing to hear from trustworthy men and disliking narration from the weak, al-Khatib gives Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi's saying: a man should not busy himself writing the hadiths of the weak, for the least of it is that he misses as much of the hadith of the trustworthy as he writes of theirs. 1 There he also reports Malik saying he met Aisha bint Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and judged her weak, and Waki' saying: woe to the traditionist when a man of hadith judges him weak. 1
Opinions on the question
The question: Distinguishing legal reports from reports of encouragement and warning in the conditions required of transmitters.
First opinion · Sunni tradition (the museum's frame) · Sunni: al-Thawri, Ibn Uyayna, Ahmad and al-Anbari as al-Khatib reports themMain reference
More opinions (2)
Sunni tradition (the museum's frame) · Sunni: Abd al-Rahman ibn MahdiMain reference
Academic and other views viewSecondary opinion
People and things also explored
Hadith· Shama'il Muhammadiyya· Ghanima (spoils of war)· Sacred hadith (hadith qudsi)· Seeking knowledge· Isnad· Criticism and vindication of narrators (jarh wa-ta'dil)· The Six Books
Sources
- al-Kifaya fi Ilm al-Riwaya — al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Uthmaniyya edition, Hyderabad Deccan 1357 AH , p. 133
- al-Kifaya fi Ilm al-Riwaya — al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Uthmaniyya edition, Hyderabad Deccan 1357 AH , p. 134
Cite this page
islam.museum contributors. “Is leniency allowed in the chains of reports on virtuous deeds?”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/questions/tasahul-fi-fadail-al-amal/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-04.
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