Birth: سليمان القانوني

All stops in this story

1. Birth: سليمان القانوني — c. 1494 CE · c. 900 AH

   Süleyman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566 CE) — the longest-reigning sultan: four early revolts suppressed, Rhodes taken in 1522, Hungary shattered at Mohács 1526, Vienna besieged .

2. Siege of Belgrade (1521) — 1521 CE · 927 AH†

   Draft card for the Siege of Belgrade in 1521, the city's fall to Suleiman the Magnificent at the opening of his conquests; its sources are not yet checked on the page.

3. The Ottoman Conquest of Rhodes — 1522 CE · 928 AH

   Sulayman's great war on Rhodes from mid-1522 ended with the island's fall; the Knights of St John were granted the right to depart and were resettled by Charles V on Malta .

4. The battle of Mohács and the conquest of Buda — c. 29 August 1526 CE · 932 AH

   Mohács, 1526 — the Hungarian king's killing of Sulayman's tribute-envoy brought the Ottoman host that shattered Hungary in one battle and entered Buda on 11 September .

5. The first siege of Vienna — 1529 CE · 935 AH

   The first siege of Vienna, 1529 — Sulayman's army reached the Habsburg capital's walls but long supply lines and Charles V's new peace with France forced the withdrawal .

6. Capture of Baghdad — 1534 CE · 940 AH†

   Draft card for the Capture of Baghdad in 1534, Suleiman's entry that took the city from the Safavids; its sources are not yet checked on the page.

7. Franco-Ottoman Capitulations — 1535 CE · 941 AH

   The Franco-Ottoman Capitulations of 1535 — born of Francis I's captivity at Pavia and his mother's letter to Sulayman: free navigation, consular jurisdiction, freedom of worship and protection from enslavement, sealed with joint fleets against Naples .

8. Sulayman al-Khadim's expedition against India — 1538 CE · 945 AH

   The 1538 Ottoman India expedition: after a pact with the rulers of Calicut and Cambay, a royal firman ordered Egypt's governor Sulayman al-Khadim to sail from Suez, drive Portugal's flag from the sea and keep the Mecca routes open — he garrisoned Aden, besieged Diu, took eighty prisoners and fell back on reinforcements' arrival .

9. Great Siege of Malta (973/1565) — 1565 CE · 973 AH

   Süleyman resolved to take Malta, the greatest Christian stronghold in the central Mediterranean and seat of the Knights of St John; he sent Piyale Pasha with the fleet and ordered Dragut of Tripoli and Hasan b. Khayr al-Din to join — Hasan with twenty-five ships and three thousand men. The fleet stood off Malta on 18 May and pressed a tight siege until Christian relief under the Sicilian viceroy arrived with twenty-eight warships; the Ottoman fleet withdrew on 18 Rabi' I 973/8 December 1565 .

10. Death: سليمان القانوني — 1566 CE · 974 AH

    Süleyman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566 CE) — the longest-reigning sultan: four early revolts suppressed, Rhodes taken in 1522, Hungary shattered at Mohács 1526, Vienna besieged .