al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad

Words Ideas Today

By Mostafa Mahmoud

الروح والجسد

A collection of essays by Mostafa Mahmoud, first published by Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiyya in Cairo in 1394 AH, on the inability of words to convey divine realities, 'the age of shouting', happiness, Paradise and Hell, water, the self, the idols of the age, and, in a last chapter, his view that man existed before birth 1 2 3.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Contemporary Era
Region
Egypt & Nile

Contested: This record includes matters on which scholars differ. The speaker's views are labelled as his, and other views are marked where no cited source yet exists.

In time

1960197019801990
The Contemporary Era · The Modern Era

Islam and atheism or secular thoughtAfterlife and eschatologySpirituality and Sufism

Summary

Al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad ("The Spirit and the Body") is a collection of essays by the Egyptian writer Mostafa Mahmoud. Its first edition came from Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiyya in Cairo, its rights page giving the year 1394 AH 1; the copy used here is the seventh edition from Dar al-Ma'arif 4 5. What follows are the author's views, attributed to him.

Words as a veil

The author opens by saying that "letters veil and do not reveal", that the word "I love you" has become "a worn-out coin", and that a silence full of feeling may say more 6 7. Divine realities, he holds, are "even more impossible for words", and he quotes from the addresses of "the righteous Sufi Muhammad ibn Abd al-Jabbar", al-Niffari, that letters do not point to God 2.

The age of shouting, and love

In "The Age of Shouting" he describes today's civilisation as "a civilisation of shouting": in love, marriage, society and politics 8. He quotes al-Niffari that whoever has not witnessed "what cannot be said" is scattered by what can be said, and that one should attach oneself only to God 9; he notes that al-Ghazali held the same view of ordinary love, and that the Qur'an describes the bond between spouses as affection and mercy 10.

Happiness, Paradise and Hell

In "On the Spirit and the Body" he holds that one secret of happiness is "harmony of the outer and the inner" 11. In "Hell" he answers those who say a merciful God will punish no one: this, he argues, imagines a God who "treats criminals and their victims alike in requital", and is "the height of thinking ill of God" 12 13. A chapter on Paradise follows 14.

Water, the self and the idols of the age

In "The Magic Liquid" he reflects on the properties of water 15, and in "The World of Secrets" on the self and its ranks 16. In another chapter he says we claim to have left the jahiliyya behind, "but I say rather that we are idol-worshippers" whose idols have only changed their names 17. Further chapters deal with companionship, discontent, "A Crack in the Wall", and truth and lies 18 19 20 21.

Did we exist before we were born?

In the last chapter the author describes a feeling that has stayed with him that he "has always existed" and is not something that began at birth 3. He holds that this feeling is supported by the religious truths of reckoning, the barzakh and eternity 22. He reads al-Tin, verses 4-6 as pointing to "a first creation in the finest form" that came before our worldly creation 22, and cites al-A'raf, verse 27 and al-Balad, verse 4 23, and the words of Jesus in Maryam 24.

For young visitors

Mostafa Mahmoud says a drop of water in a thirsty person's mouth is worth more than all the gold on earth, and invites us to look closely at this simple thing we drink every day 15.

Notes for researchers

  • Citations use PDF page numbers of the seventh edition; printed page = PDF page − 2.
  • The contents page (p. 111) is unreadable in the OCR; chapter titles are taken from the chapter openings.
  • The edition ends with a list of sixty-one of the author's books, noting that Rajul taht al-sifr won the State Prize for 1970 25 26.

Connections

Explore the connections

Authored by
Mostafa Mahmoud

People and things also explored

Lughz al-Mawt· Ra'aytu Allah· al-Insan wa-l-Zill· al-Islam fi Khandaq· al-Qur'an Ka'in Hayy· Allah wa-l-Insan· Hiwar ma'a Sadiqi al-Mulhid· Lughz al-Hayat

Sources

  1. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 1st ed. (Dar al-Nahda al-Arabiyya, Cairo, 1394 AH) , p. 6
  2. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 10
  3. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 97
  4. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 5
  5. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 114
  6. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 7
  7. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 8
  8. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 13
  9. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 16
  10. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 17
  11. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 21
  12. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 29
  13. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 30
  14. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 35
  15. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 41
  16. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 49
  17. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 57
  18. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 63
  19. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 71
  20. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 81
  21. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 87
  22. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 98
  23. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 99
  24. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 108
  25. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 112
  26. Mostafa Mahmoud, al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad, 7th ed. (Dar al-Ma'arif, Cairo) , p. 113
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “al-Ruh wa-l-Jasad”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/work/al-ruh-wal-jasad/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-04.

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Wing

Words

Qur'an, hadith, poetry, and the languages and scripts of Muslim peoples.
Related

Lughz al-Mawt

Mostafa Mahmoud's reflective book on death, opening with 'each of us carries his corpse on his shoulders' and death happening in us every moment, passing through chapters on time, love, freedom and determinism, sleep and the soul, and ending with the claim that justice awaits everyone and that only the revealed books answer the riddle of death.