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Summary
Al-Sha'rawi separates judicial ruling, which rests on evidence before a judge, from religious truth, which concerns a person before God. 2
Judging by what appears
He holds that a judge rules on the evidence before him and cites the report of Umm Salama; the book's footnote names its transmitters, and its wording is not reproduced here. 2
When the debtor has paid
He says that if the debtor has paid, heirs may not claim the debt again once they know their relative had settled it, because a judicial ruling may differ from the religious position. 3
Forbearance is not permission
He says God's forbearance toward someone who does wrong in this world does not show that the act was lawful; it is respite, and punishment remains in the next life. 3
Not checked here
No academic or non-Sunni reading is set out in these pages; one is needed from a named source (needs_source).
Opinions on the question
The question: Does a judge's ruling change what is lawful or unlawful before God?
First opinion · Sunni tradition (the museum's frame)Main reference
A judge rules on apparent evidence, and a ruling does not make the unlawful lawful before God
Held by: Muhammad Mutawalli al-Sha'rawi
More opinions (1)
Academic viewSecondary opinion
An academic reading of the distinction between judgment and conscience has not yet been added
People and things also explored
Taj Mahal· Abawan (the two parents)· Justice among co-wives· Obstructing a marriage (adl): the guardian and the husband· Fleshy growth in the wife's womb and the right to annul (afal)· Ahl al-Nasab (the kin by descent, and who counts as kin in bequests and endowments)· Akdariyya (a named inheritance case)· Brother (full, paternal and maternal) in law
Sources
- Sha'rawi's Khawatir around the Holy Quran, volume one (scan copy) , p. 2034
- Sha'rawi's Khawatir around the Holy Quran, volume one (scan copy) , p. 2035
- Sha'rawi's Khawatir around the Holy Quran, volume one (scan copy) , p. 2036
Cite this page
islam.museum contributors. “Judicial ruling and religious truth (qada and diyana)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/qada-wa-al-diyana/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.