Justice among co-wives

العدل بين الزوجات

For al-Sha'rawi, the justice the law requires among co-wives is equal treatment in what lies within the husband's choice: housing, time, household goods and provision, not the inclination of the heart, which is not in his power 1.

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Family, marriage and kinship

Overview

For al-Sha'rawi, the justice the law requires among co-wives is equal treatment in what lies within the husband's choice: housing, time, household goods and provision. The inclination of the heart is not in his power, so it is not part of the duty 1.

Permission bound to justice

Al-Sha'rawi holds that God permitted plurality of wives without making it obligatory. Whoever takes the permission must also take the rule of justice that goes with it, or he gives the opponents of Islam a case against the whole ruling 2.

What is equalised

He lists the forms of equality: place, time, and the goods in the house, including the husband's own belongings kept with each wife. He notes that some early Muslims made their slippers match, so that no wife could take pride over another 1.

What is not required

He relies on the verse about not inclining with complete inclination {Qur'an 4:129} to argue that what lies beyond choice is not demanded of the husband 34.

A story from Umar

He relates that a woman complained to Umar ibn al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him) that her husband did not come to her, and she had no co-wives. A Companion present gave her the ruling that he should spend the fourth night after every three nights, as though she had three co-wives. Umar approved the ruling 54.

Not yet covered here

No academic reading of this question is set out in this part of the book. It needs a named source (needs_source).

Opinions on the question

The question: What justice does the law require among co-wives, and what lies beyond a husband's power?

First opinion · Sunni tradition (the museum's frame)Main reference

Justice is required in what lies within the husband's choice; the inclination of the heart is beyond the duty

Sha'rawi holds that God permitted plurality of wives on condition of justice, and that the justice required is equal treatment in what the husband controls: place, time, household goods and provision. He relies on the verse that forbids complete inclination, since God does not command what cannot be done {cite:tafsir-sharawi-khawatir-scan-vol-2 p. 2001}{cite:tafsir-sharawi-khawatir-scan-vol-2 p. 2003}.

Held by: Muhammad Mutawalli al-Sha'rawi

More opinions (1)

Academic viewSecondary opinion

An academic reading of the conditions of justice in plurality is still to be added

No academic reading is set out in this part of the book; it needs a named source (needs_source).

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Part of
Polygyny in Islam

People and things also explored

Polygyny in Islam· Taj Mahal· Abawan (the two parents)· Obstructing a marriage (adl): the guardian and the husband· Fleshy growth in the wife's womb and the right to annul (afal)· Ahl al-Nasab (the kin by descent, and who counts as kin in bequests and endowments)· Akdariyya (a named inheritance case)· Brother (full, paternal and maternal) in law

Sources

  1. Sha'rawi's Khawatir around the Holy Quran, volume one (scan copy) , p. 2003
  2. Sha'rawi's Khawatir around the Holy Quran, volume one (scan copy) , p. 2001
  3. Sha'rawi's Khawatir around the Holy Quran, volume one (scan copy) , p. 2002
  4. Sha'rawi's Khawatir around the Holy Quran, volume one (scan copy) , p. 2005
  5. Sha'rawi's Khawatir around the Holy Quran, volume one (scan copy) , p. 2004
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Justice among co-wives”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/adl-bayn-al-zawjat/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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Polygyny in Islam

Polygyny in the sharia is the permissibility of a man marrying more than one wife under conditions including justice between them; the Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia devotes sections to its rulings in the marriage chapters.