Miscellany of Iskandar Sultan (Shiraz, 1410–11), British Library Add. 27261

Objects Words

مجموعة إسكندر سلطان (شيراز 1410–1411، المكتبة البريطانية Add. 27261)

A small-format miscellany made for Iskandar Sultan at Shiraz around 1410–11, its borders filled with small drawings and geometric and arabesque designs, including the earliest known waqwaq arabesque 1 2.

Depth

At a glance

Region
Persia & Central Asia

In time

140014101420
The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks · The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era

Arts of the book

Summary

The Iskandar Sultan miscellany is a small-format manuscript made for him at Shiraz around 1410–11, when his academy was at its height; it is in the British Library as Add. 27261. 3 2 Norah Titley says Iskandar Sultan's illuminators were then unsurpassed in inventive design and in the use of colour and gold. 2

Its borders

The borders of some pages hold small, lightly painted drawings of subjects from the Shahnama and Nizami — warriors fighting, Khusraw watching Shirin — far outnumbered by varied geometric and arabesque motifs. 1 Among them is what is probably the earliest example of the waqwaq arabesque, with human and animal heads on its tendrils. 1 2 Every folio has a triangular "thumbpiece" of different design, and a deep maroon favoured by Iskandar Sultan's illuminators runs through its decoration. 2

Its place in a chain

Compositions from the Khvaju Kirmani manuscript (1396) recur in this miscellany, and its own compositions in turn served as models throughout the fifteenth century, in a chain running from Baghdad to Shiraz and Herat. 3 4

Connections

Explore the connections

Commissioned by
Iskandar Sultan (Timurid prince of Shiraz, deposed 1414)
Made in
Shiraz

People and things also explored

Al-Baqillani serves as qadi outside Baghdad and visits Shiraz, c. 970-983· The battle at the gate of Shiraz, 297· The Joint Conquests of Fars· al-Layth al-Saffar seizes Fars and Shiraz, 297· al-Muqaddasi resolves to compose Ahsan al-Taqasim at Shiraz, 375/985· Al-Mutanabbi at Shiraz with Adud al-Dawla, 354/965· Abu Kalijar the Buyid builds the wall of Shiraz· Al-Shirazi's legal studies at Shiraz and Basra, 410-415/1019-1024

Sources

  1. Norah M. Titley, Persian Miniature Painting and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India: The British Library Collections (London: British Library, 1983) , p. 224
  2. Norah M. Titley, Persian Miniature Painting and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India: The British Library Collections (London: British Library, 1983) , p. 233
  3. Norah M. Titley, Persian Miniature Painting and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India: The British Library Collections (London: British Library, 1983) , p. 222
  4. Norah M. Titley, Persian Miniature Painting and its Influence on the Art of Turkey and India: The British Library Collections (London: British Library, 1983) , p. 223
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Miscellany of Iskandar Sultan (Shiraz, 1410–11), British Library Add. 27261”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/object/iskandar-sultan-miscellany-bl-add-27261/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-04.

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Related

Al-Baqillani serves as qadi outside Baghdad and visits Shiraz, c. 970-983

For a time al-Baqillani exercised the office of qadi outside the capital, Baghdad, and the sources mention visits to Shiraz and to the Byzantine court — years that fell within the amirate of Adud al-Dawla ibn Buwayh, whose power was then at its zenith in Iraq and Fars.