Abdul Karim Amrullah

Abdul Karim Amrullah (10 February 1879 – 2 June 1945), known as Haji Rasul, was a Minangkabau scholar and reformer: a Mecca-trained teacher who came home to Sungai Batang and Padang Panjang and rebuilt Islamic schooling there through the Thawalib schools, campaigned against adat practices he judged unlawful and against colonial taxes, endured exile in Java, and died in Jakarta weeks before independence. He was the father of Hamka. ^{1 2 3}

He was born Muhammad Rasul at Sungai Batang, near Maninjau, the seventh child of Sheikh Muhammad Amrullah, a Naqshbandi sheikh — his father's affiliation, recorded here as family background and nothing more. In 1894 he went to Mecca and studied Islamic law under Sheikh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi; the Indonesian article independently states the same study relation, and it is written as a student_of edge in his record. After seven years he returned home in 1901 already known as Haji Rasul. ^{1 2}

From Sungai Batang, and later in Padang Panjang, he attacked practices he held contrary to Islam — among them elements of the matrilineal adat order — and rebuilt teaching on a graded school model: the Thawalib schools joined religious subjects to general ones and spread through West Sumatra. His campaigns against the colonial head tax and against adat authority brought repeated conflict with both the Dutch administration and customary leaders, and in his last decade he was exiled to Sukabumi and Cianjur in Java. ^{2 1}

No source names a school of Islam for him. The Indonesian infobox gives his religion as Islam and leaves its school field empty; the English article and its Arabic translation name none; Wikidata gives Islam in general. His father's Naqshbandi sheikhdom, his own Meccan formation and his son Hamka's affiliation are three different men's or generations' facts, none of which attests his. He died in Jakarta on 2 June 1945; first buried at Karet Bivak there, his remains were moved to Sungai Batang in 1975, so no burial relation is written. His son Hamka's record carries the child_of edge to him, added when this record was built. ^{1 2 3}

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