At a glance
- Era
- The Contemporary Era
- Region
- Arab world · Global / Diaspora
- Review
History-writing and social thoughtEthics and characterPolitics, governance and authorityRenewal and reform
Summary
"Qissa wa-Fikra" (A Story and an Idea) is a television programme presented by Tareq al-Suwaidan. The Assabile archive keeps twenty-nine episodes. Most run about twenty-seven to thirty minutes; the twenty-fifth, on Alfred Nobel, is about twenty-two. He greets "dear viewers" and breaks for an advertisement in the middle of each episode. 1 2 3
Each episode joins one story to one idea. He names the idea at the start, tells the life of a single historical figure, stops along the way to draw lessons from it, and closes with a list of lessons and a saying of the figure or of a writer. In the second episode, for example, the idea is change, which he defines as moving from an unwanted reality to a hoped-for vision, and the story is the life of Malcolm X. 1 4 5 6 His figures come from Islamic history (a Companion, scholars, rulers and caliphs, a poet, the last king of Granada) and from world history (Machiavelli, Gandhi, Edison, Martin Luther, Trotsky, Mao Zedong, the French Revolution, Alfred Nobel, Nelson Mandela, Napoleon). When the story is from outside Islam he usually ends by weighing the idea against Islamic teaching or against an episode of Islamic history. 7 8 9 10 11
The dates, figures and judgements in the programme are his own statements, and the stories are his accounts; they are attributed to him at their anchors. Several episodes refer to recent events: the index of Transparency International for 2013 (episode 24), the death of Nelson Mandela in December 2013 (episode 26) and world military spending for 2013 (episode 25). The series was therefore recorded in 2014 or later. 12 13 14 The Assabile manifest gives real titles only to the first three episodes; it names the rest "Episode 04" to "Episode 29". The twenty-ninth episode ends with his usual closing formula and does not take leave of the series.
The episodes
Episode 1. Sacrifice for the true idea. The search of Salman al-Farisi, from the fire-temple of his Magian father near Isfahan, through Christian teachers in al-Sham, Mosul, Nusaybin and Amorium, to slavery in Yathrib and his meeting with the Prophet ﷺ. 15 16 17 18
Episode 2. Change. Malcolm X, from Malcolm Little of Omaha to the Nation of Islam, to the Hajj of 1964 and Sunni Islam. See Malcolm X. 19 20
Episode 3. Does the end justify the means? Niccolò Machiavelli and The Prince. He opens with Nu'aym ibn Mas'ud's stratagem at the Battle of the Trench, and closes with the view he presents as Islamic: both the aim and the means must be lawful. 21 22 23 7
Episode 4. The power of the word. Al-Mutanabbi, his poems for Sayf al-Dawla and Kafur, and his death. 24 25 26
Episode 5. Scholars and rulers. Al-Izz ibn Abd al-Salam, "the sultan of the scholars", and the rulers of Damascus and Cairo. 27 28
Episode 6. McCarthyism. Senator Joseph McCarthy and the campaign of accusations in the United States from 1950. He calls it the "assassination" of opponents' characters by mass accusation without evidence. He opens with the Prophet's prayer, related by Thawban, that the community not be destroyed by an outside enemy. 29 30 31 32
Episode 7. Peaceful resistance. Mahatma Gandhi, from South Africa to the Salt March and India's independence in 1947. 33 34 35 36
Episode 8. Surrender. Abu Abdallah al-Saghir, the last king of Granada, with the cavalry commander Musa ibn Abi Ghassan as the counter-figure. See also the fall of Granada. 37 38
Episode 9. Loyalty to the idea. Alija Izetbegovic. 39 40
Episode 10. Creativity. Thomas Edison, whom he quotes on genius as one per cent inspiration and ninety-nine per cent effort, and the lamp. 41 42
Episode 11. Assassination as the failure to answer ideas. Hasan-i Sabbah and the Nizari "Assassins" of Alamut. 43 44
Episode 12. Sufism and jihad. Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi, the Sanusi zawiyas, and Omar al-Mukhtar. 45 46
Episode 13. Priestly authority and the revolt of reform. Martin Luther, the 95 Theses of 1517 and the German Bible. He closes with the point that Islam has no priesthood: the bond with God is direct, and a scholar's word is his own ijtihad. 47 48 8 49
Episode 14. Achievements of civilisation. Sultan Suleiman the Lawgiver and the box buried with him. 50 51
Episode 15. Making a revolution, and turning against it. Leon Trotsky and the theory of permanent revolution. He closes with the observation that peoples make revolutions but people with ideas steer them. 52 53 54
Episode 16. High aspiration and the "resting mind". Ahmad ibn Hanbal in the Mihna. 55 56
Episode 17. The corrupt inner circle. The Barmakids and Harun al-Rashid. 57 58
Episode 18. Aspiration in seeking knowledge. Baqi ibn Makhlad and his journey from al-Andalus to Ahmad ibn Hanbal. 59 60
Episode 19. Reform from within, and gradual change. Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz. 61
Episode 20. Despotic one-man rule. Mao Zedong. He opens with Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi's Tabā'i' al-Istibdād: the worst despotism is that of an absolute individual who inherits the throne, commands the army and holds religious authority. He closes with the Islamic view that the ruler is the community's agent, bound by a contract. 62 63 64 65
Episodes 21–22. The French Revolution. From the reign of Louis XVI and the "flour war" to the fall of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 (part 1), then the counter-revolution, the Terror and the end of Robespierre (part 2). He weighs the Revolution's principles "in the light of Islam", taking what agrees with it and leaving what does not. 66 67 68 9 69 70
Episode 23. Corruption from within. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian. The episode is not written up here (see the last section). 71
Episode 24. The sanctity of public money. Aurangzeb, opening with the bequest of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz to his sons. 72 73
Episode 25. The lure of power. Alfred Nobel and dynamite, Andrew Carnegie and Mikhail Kalashnikov. He closes with fighting in Islam as the repelling of aggression, and war ceasing when the enemy seeks peace. 74 75 76
Episode 26. Tolerance. Nelson Mandela, from the African National Congress through twenty-seven years in prison to the presidency in 1994. It is framed by Ahmad ibn Hanbal forgiving the caliph who had him flogged, and by Raja' ibn Haywa's advice to Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan to pardon captives. 77 78 79 80 81
Episode 27. The search for truth. Roger Garaudy, from Protestant Christianity and communism to Islam. 82 83
Episode 28. Reason and religion. Abu Hanifa and the school of opinion. 84 85
Episode 29. Civilisational shock. Napoleon and the French campaign in Egypt. 86 87
His recurring ideas
Across the series he returns to a few claims. A just ruler seeks the counsel of sincere scholars, while an unjust one persecutes them. Reform that is gradual and comes from within is better than revolution. Despotism is the root of corruption. Ideas outlive the people who carry them. 88 89 90 91 In his closing lessons he often tests a figure from outside Islam against an Islamic principle: Machiavelli against the rule that the means must be lawful, Luther against the absence of a priesthood in Islam, and Nobel against the Islamic restraint on war. 7 49 76
What is not written here
Episode 23, on Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and the Ahmadiyya, is listed but not written up. The episode is a sustained polemic against the founder of a living community, and most of the doctrines it ascribes to him are reported second-hand and disputed. Also left out:
- his asides on present-day rulers, coups, courts and media, which recur in most episodes;
- his judgements on living people and on present-day religious groups;
- the legal rulings he states;
- the machine-repeated windows;
- names and figures that came out garbled or that contradict one another.
All of these, with their anchors, are logged in the lane's progress file. The non-Muslim figures of episodes 3, 6, 7, 10, 13, 15, 20–22, 25 and 26 have no records in the museum; they are described only in the list above.
Connections
- About
- Salman al-Farisi· Malcolm X· al-Mutanabbi· الشيخ عز الدين بن عبد السلام· أبو عبد الله محمد آخر ملوك غرناطة· Alija Izetbegović· Hasan-i Sabbah· محمد بن علي السنوسي· Omar Mukhtar· سليمان القانوني· Ahmad ibn Hanbal· Barmakids· بقي بن مخلد الأندلسي· Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz· Aurangzeb (Alamgir I)· Roger Garaudy· Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man ibn Thabit· The French Campaign on Egypt and the Proclamation of Jihad
People and things also explored
Al-Din al-Qayyim (programme)· Bustan al-Amal (programme)· محمد المهدي السنوسي· Sharh Kitab al-Fawa'id (lecture series)· Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Karim (lecture series)· Allamani al-Tarikh, History Taught Me (television programme)· What Did Muslims Bring to the World (television programme)· Bayezid ibn Sulayman al-'Uthmani
Sources
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 2, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 27, at 00:15:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 25, at 00:21:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 2, at 00:01:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 2, at 00:26:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 2, at 00:26:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 3, at 00:23:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 13, at 00:26:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 21, at 00:27:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 25, at 00:19:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 26, at 00:27:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 24, at 00:25:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 26, at 00:26:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 25, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 1, at 00:01:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 1, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 1, at 00:14:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 1, at 00:22:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 2, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 2, at 00:16:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 3, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 3, at 00:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 3, at 00:18:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 4, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 4, at 00:07:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 4, at 00:19:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 5, at 00:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 5, at 00:16:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 6, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 6, at 00:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 6, at 00:02:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 6, at 00:05:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 7, at 00:01:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 7, at 00:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 7, at 00:21:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 7, at 00:23:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 8, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 8, at 00:18:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 9, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 9, at 00:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 10, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 10, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 11, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 11, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 12, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 12, at 00:21:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 13, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 13, at 00:11:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 13, at 00:27:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 14, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 14, at 00:08:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 15, at 00:01:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 15, at 00:05:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 15, at 00:27:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 16, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 16, at 00:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 17, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 17, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 18, at 00:01:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 18, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 19, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 20, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 20, at 00:01:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 20, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 20, at 00:26:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 21, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 21, at 00:08:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 21, at 00:25:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 22, at 00:01:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 22, at 00:26:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 23, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 24, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 24, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 25, at 00:01:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 25, at 00:06:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 25, at 00:20:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 26, at 00:01:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 26, at 00:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 26, at 00:10:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 26, at 00:23:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 26, at 00:28:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 27, at 00:00:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 27, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 28, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 28, at 00:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 29, at 00:01:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 29, at 00:02:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 5, at 00:26:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 19, at 00:28:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 20, at 00:27:30 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
- Assabile archive of Tareq al-Suwaidan's lectures (video) , Kissa Wa Fikra, episode 3, at 00:25:00 · Listen at the archive (opens the audio at this time)
Cite this page
islam.museum contributors. “Qissa wa-Fikra, A Story and an Idea (television programme)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/work/kissa-wa-fikra-program/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-02.