Name: فتح المدائن — بهرسير
Start: 0636

فتح المدائن — بهرسير

636 عیسوی · 15 ھ

Bahurasir, the lower city of al-Mada'in: Sa'd sent Zuhra ahead — Shirazad, the dihqan of Sabat, came to terms on the jizya, while Hashim ibn 'Utba, Sa'd's nephew, shattered Kisra's own 'Buran' cohort who swore daily Persia's rule would never pass while they lived, and killed the Muqarrat — a lion Kisra had tamed. Sa'd kissed Hashim's head, Hashim kissed Sa'd's foot, and was sent on in the van. When the Muslims reached the city and saw the iwan, Dirar ibn al-Khattab cried: 'Allahu akbar — Kisra's white palace! This is what God and His messenger promised,' and the army kept takbiring as each company arrived; they came down on the city in Dhu'l-Hijja ¹.

خلاصہ

بہرسیر پرانا شہر ہے، مغربی جانب کے مدائنِ زیریں۔ سعد بن ابی وقاص نے زہرہ بن حویہ کو اس کی طرف آگے بھیجا، اور ساباط کے دہقان شیرازاد نے جزیے کی شرط پر ان سے صلح کر لی۔ ہاشم بن عتبہ، جو مقرّط کے لقب سے مشہور تھے، نے بوران بنت کسریٰ کے دستے کو شکست دی، جن لوگوں نے قسم کھا رکھی تھی کہ جب تک وہ زندہ ہیں فارس کی بادشاہی زوال پذیر نہیں ہوگی؛ اور انہوں نے ایک شیر کو قتل کیا جسے کسریٰ نے سدھا رکھا تھا۔ سعد نے ان کا سر چوما اور انہوں نے سعد کے پاؤں چومے۔ جب مسلمان شہر پہنچے اور ایوان دیکھا تو ضرار بن الخطاب رضی اللہ عنہ نے کہا: "اللہ اکبر! کسریٰ کا سفید محل! یہ وہی ہے جس کا اللہ اور اس کے رسول نے وعدہ کیا تھا۔" پھر وہ تکبیر کہتے رہے اور جب بھی کوئی جماعت پہنچتی تو لوگ ان کے ساتھ تکبیر کہتے۔ وہاں ان کا پڑاؤ ذوالحجہ سنہ ۱۵ میں ہوا۔ ¹۔

معركة اليرموك

A great battle between the Muslims and the Byzantines at the Yarmuk river. After the defeat Abu Ubayda called for withdrawal, and the Muslims moved until they set their camps at Marj al-Suffar, then encamped at Damascus. Al-Waqidi reported that it was in 15 AH; al-Tabari's report of the account of Sayf places it in 13 AH. According to al-Baladhuri: Heraclius gathered a host of Byzantines, Syrians, people of al-Jazira and Armenia numbering some two hundred thousand, put one of his intimates in command, and sent Jabala ibn al-Ayham al-Ghassani at its vanguard, with the Arabized Syrians of Lakhm and Judham. The Muslims numbered twenty-four thousand. The Byzantines and their followers were chained together so that they would not be tempted to flee. They fought at the Yarmuk with the fiercest of battles; God slew some seventy thousand of them, and their remnant fled to Palestine, Antioch, Aleppo, al-Jazira and Armenia. Muslim women also fought hard on the day of the Yarmuk, and Hind bint Utba, mother of Mu'awiya, kept calling out: bite the sheaths with your swords. On that day the eye of al-Ash'ath ibn Qays was lost, as were the eye of Hashim ibn Utba ibn Abi Waqqas al-Zuhri, called al-Mirqal, and the eye of Qays ibn Maksuh. Amir ibn Abi Waqqas, who had carried Umar's letter to Abu Ubayda confirming his governorship of Syria, was martyred; it is also said that he died in the plague, or at Ajnadayn, but this is not established. Abu Ubayda appointed Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri over the pursuing cavalry, to kill whoever they overtook. Jabala ibn al-Ayham sided with the Ansar and said: you are our brothers and the sons of our father; he showed Islam, then apostatised and entered Byzantine lands when Umar sought retaliation from him. In another account, Umar found him still a Christian; he refused the jizya out of pride and entered Byzantine lands with thirty thousand men. Umar regretted it, and Ubada ibn al-Samit reproached him that had he accepted his alms, he would have become a Muslim. So Umar sent Umayr ibn Sa'd al-Ansari with an army in 21 AH and ordered him to coax Jabala and bring him back, on condition that he pay what he had offered in alms and keep his religion; but Jabala refused except to stay, and Umayr reached a place known as al-Himar, fell upon its people and laid it waste. On the day of the Yarmuk the Muslims returned to the people of Homs the tribute they had taken from them, saying they had been too occupied to aid them. The people of Homs replied that the justice of their rule was dearer to them than the oppression they had suffered, and that they would repel Heraclius's troops from the city alongside their governor. The Jews rose and said: by the Torah, Heraclius's governor shall not enter the city of Homs unless we are overcome and worn out; they shut the gates and guarded them, and the Christians and Jews of the other cities under treaty did likewise. When news of the Yarmuk reached Heraclius he fled from Antioch to Constantinople, and when he crossed the pass he said: farewell, O Syria. The battle was in Rajab of 15 AH.

فتح المدائن — بهرسير

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